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63-480: The grand opening of the 52,000-square-foot (4,800 m) John A. Sibley Horticultural Center was March 22, 1984. The center's namesake was a Georgia banker, Callaway Gardens trustee, conservation advocate and friend of the Callaway family. The attraction was originally funded by private donations from people who knew John Sibley. Because the center contained both a 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m) production greenhouse and

126-772: A prayer derived from religious text or doctrine, worshipping through the context of a religion, performing corporal and spiritual works of mercy , and attending a religious seminary school or monastery are examples of religious (non-secular) activities. In many cultures, there is little dichotomy between "natural" and "supernatural", "religious" and "not-religious", especially since people have beliefs in other supernatural or spiritual things irrespective of belief in God or gods. Other cultures stress practice of ritual rather than belief. Conceptions of both "secular" and "religious", while sometimes having some parallels in local cultures, were generally imported along with Western worldviews, often in

189-506: A 22,000-square-foot (2,000 m) top display conservatory, their research, internship and educational programs had a profound impact over 30+ years. Callaway Gardens promoted it as "one of the most advanced garden/greenhouse complexes in the world". The goal of the Sibley Horticultural Center was "an expression of man working in harmony with nature while addressing the needs and wants of both plants and people". The day after

252-450: A Nobel Peace Prize for planting of trees and caring for them all over Kenya. With the Kenyan government launching a campaign to plant 15 billion trees by 2032, they launched National Tree Growing Day with very aggressive targets for the number of trees to be planted. The first national public holiday was November 13, 2023. The second was May 10, 2024, with a goal to plant one billion trees in

315-405: A change of decision for 2016. The Sibley Center is in need of a multi-million dollar renovation and requires hundreds of thousands of dollars a year to operate, we cannot operate this facility in its current condition and financial requirements." Horne and others commented that they believe that shutting down Sibley and Mr. Cason's Garden was "contrary" to the Callaway's goal of making people aware of

378-481: A decree that it should be observed on the 2nd Thursday of July. National Tree Planting Day is on the 2nd Saturday of May and October. The first National Tree Planting Day was celebrated May 8, 2010. Namibia's first Arbor Day was celebrated on October 8, 2004. It takes place annually on the second Friday of October. Since conference and of the Food and Agriculture Organization 's publication World Festival of Trees , and

441-410: A holiday. Though usually observed in the spring, the date varies, depending on climate and suitable planting season. The Spanish village of Mondoñedo held the first documented arbor plantation festival in the world organized by its mayor in 1594. The place remains as Alameda de los Remedios and it is still planted with lime and horse-chestnut trees. A humble granite marker and a bronze plate recall

504-403: A parallel language to religion, and intensifies Protestant features such as iconoclasm, skepticism towards rituals, and emphasizes beliefs. In doing so, secularism perpetuates Christian traits under a different name. Most cultures around the world do not have tension or dichotomous views of religion and secularity. Since religion and secular are both Western concepts that were formed under

567-484: A petition with Change.org asking Callaway Gardens to reconsider. The petition had 1,389 supporters and prompted an official response. As of April 2022, no additional plans had been announced. Callaway Gardens President & CEO William Doyle wrote a response on November 9, 2015, three days before the center closed. Doyle commented, "the 'online' plea to keep the Sibley Center open is appreciated but will not result in

630-487: A poplar, in the place known as Valley of the Ejido. Tree plantations continued by Arroyada and Fuente de la Mora. Afterwards, there was a feast, and did not miss the dance. The party and plantations lasted three days. He drafted a manifesto in defence of the trees that was sent to surrounding towns to spread the love and respect for nature, and also he advised to make tree plantations in their localities. The first American Arbor Day

693-414: A process by which anything becomes secular is named secularization , though the term is mainly reserved for the secularization of society ; and any concept or ideology promoting the secular may be termed secularism , a term generally applied to the ideology dictating no religious influence on the public sphere . Scholars recognize that secularity is structured by Protestant models of Christianity, shares

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756-658: A resolution of the United Nations in 1954: "The Conference, recognising the need of arousing mass consciousness of the aesthetic, physical and economic value of trees, recommends a World Festival of Trees to be celebrated annually in each member country on a date suited to local conditions"; it has been adopted by the Netherlands . In 1957, the National Committee Day of Planting Trees/Foundation of National Festival of Trees ( Nationale Boomplantdag / Nationale Boomfeestdag )

819-456: A single day. North Korea marks "Tree Planting Day" on March 2, when people across the country plant trees. This day is considered to combine traditional Asian cultural values with the country's dominant Communist ideology. In South Korea , April 5, Singmogil or Sikmogil (식목일), the Arbor Day, was a public holiday until 2005. Even though Singmogil is no longer an official holiday, the day

882-495: A tradition and takes place every year. National tree plantation day of Pakistan (قومی شجر کاری دن) is celebrated on 18 August. Since 1947, Arbor Day in the Philippines has been institutionalized to be observed throughout the nation by planting trees and ornamental plants and other forms of relevant activities. Its practice was instituted through Proclamation No. 30. It was subsequently revised by Proclamation No. 41, issued in

945-495: A vision for school students of New Zealand to be involved in planting native trees and plants in their school grounds. This vision bore fruit and schools in New Zealand have long planted native trees on Arbor Day. Since 1977, New Zealand has celebrated Arbor Day on 5 June, which is also World Environment Day . Prior to then, Arbor Day was celebrated on 4 August, which is rather late in the year for tree planting in New Zealand, hence

1008-421: A vision to protect and restore the indigenous biodiversity. Since 1975, Niger has celebrated Arbor Day as part of its Independence Day : 3 August. On this day, aiding the fight against desertification , each Nigerien plants a tree. Having in mind the bad condition of the forest fund, and in particular the catastrophic wildfires which occurred in the summer of 2007, a citizens' initiative for afforestation

1071-539: Is a semi- official holiday in Israel ; schools are open but Hebrew-speaking schools often go on tree-planting excursions. Japan celebrates a similarly themed Greenery Day , held on May 4. Historically, Kenya celebrated National Tree Planting Day on April 21. Often people plant palm trees and coconut trees along the Indian Ocean that borders the east coast of Kenya. They plant trees to remember Prof. Wangari Maathai, who won

1134-475: Is best understood not as being "anti-religious", but as being "religiously neutral" since many activities in religious bodies are secular themselves, and most versions of secularity do not lead to irreligiosity. The idea of a dichotomy between religion and the secular originated in the European Enlightenment . Furthermore, since religion and secular are both Western concepts that were formed under

1197-517: Is held on the last Friday of July for schools and National Tree Day the last Sunday in July throughout Australia. Many states have Arbour Day, although Victoria has an Arbour Week, which was suggested by Premier Rupert (Dick) Hamer in the 1980s. International Day of Treeplanting is celebrated in Flanders on or around 21 March as a theme-day/educational-day/observance, not as a public holiday. Tree planting

1260-566: Is native to the coastal plain of the Southeastern United States . Architect Kirk R. Craig, FAIA, Craig Gaulden Davis, Inc. of Greenville, South Carolina was principal architect in partnership with Landscape architect Robert Marvin of Walterboro, South Carolina. Craig was known for forward thinking design and Marvin was known for his environmental designs that conserved energy. The building faced south, which combined with critically arranged landscape berms and deciduous plants helped

1323-460: Is on July 22. "Dia del Arbol" was celebrated on June 28, 2022, as defined by Chile's Environment Ministry Arbor Day (植樹節) was founded by the forester Ling Daoyang in 1915 and has been a traditional holiday in the Republic of China since 1916. The Beiyang government 's Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce first commemorated Arbor Day in 1915 at the suggestion of forester Ling Daoyang . In 1916,

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1386-635: Is sometimes combined with awareness campaigns of the fight against cancer: Kom Op Tegen Kanker . The Arbor Day (Dia da Árvore) is celebrated on September 21. It is not a national holiday. However, schools nationwide celebrate this day with environment-related activities, namely tree planting. Arbour Day is celebrated on November 22. It is sponsored by the National Parks Trust of the Virgin Islands. Activities include an annual national Arbour Day Poetry Competition and tree planting ceremonies throughout

1449-575: Is still celebrated, with the South Korean public continuing to take part in tree-planting activities. National Tree Planting Day is usually on March 21 depending on the lunar cycle. National Tree Planting Day is on the second Saturday in November. National Tree Planting Day is on the 2nd Monday of December. The Día del Árbol was established in Mexico in 1959 with President Adolfo López Mateos issuing

1512-483: The Latin word saeculum which meant ' of a generation, belonging to an age ' or denoted a period of about one hundred years. The Christian doctrine that God exists outside time led medieval Western culture to use secular to indicate separation from specifically religious affairs and involvement in temporal ones. Secular does not necessarily imply hostility or rejection of God or religion, though some use

1575-583: The New Testament in the Vulgate translation ( c.  410 ) of the original Koine Greek phrase εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων ( eis toùs aionas ton aiṓnōn ), e.g. at Galatians 1:5 , was used in the early Christian church (and is still used today), in the doxologies , to denote the coming and going of the ages, the grant of eternal life, and the long duration of created things from their beginning to forever and ever . Secular and secularity derive from

1638-730: The modern era . In the Middle Ages , there were even secular clergy. Furthermore, secular and religious entities were not separated in the medieval period, but coexisted and interacted naturally. The word secular has a meaning very similar to profane as used in a religious context. Today, anything that is not directly connected with religion may be considered secular, in other words, neutral to religion. Secularity does not mean ' anti-religious ' , but ' unrelated to religion ' . Many activities in religious bodies are secular, and though there are multiple types of secularity or secularization, most do not lead to irreligiosity. Linguistically,

1701-490: The Czech Republic is celebrated on October 20. Arbor Day is on January 15. Arbor Day ("Tag des Baumes") is on April 25. Its first celebration was in 1952. Van Mahotsav is an annual pan-Indian tree planting festival, occupying a week in the month of July. During this event millions of trees are planted. It was initiated in 1950 by K. M. Munshi, the then Union Minister for Agriculture and Food, to create an enthusiasm in

1764-472: The Unfolding of a Nationwide Voluntary Tree-planting Campaign. This resolution established the Arbor Day (植树节), also March 12, and stipulated that every able-bodied citizen between the ages of 11 and 60 should plant three to five trees per year or do the equivalent amount of work in seedling, cultivation, tree tending, or other services. Supporting documentation instructs all units to report population statistics to

1827-581: The United States about conservation. On April 15, 1907, Roosevelt issued an "Arbor Day Proclamation to the School Children of the United States" about the importance of trees and that forestry deserves to be taught in U.S. schools. Pinchot wrote McCreight, "we shall all be indebted to you for having made the suggestion." Arbour Day has been observed in Australia since 20 June 1889. National Schools Tree Day

1890-573: The cases of Natividad and Tayug in Pangasinan and Santa Rita in Pampanga. Secularity Secularity , also the secular or secularness (from Latin saeculum , ' worldly ' or ' of a generation ' ), is the state of being unrelated or neutral in regards to religion . The origins of secularity can be traced to the Bible itself. The concept was fleshed out through Christian history into

1953-477: The center stay warm in winter and cool in summer. The featured plants were spring Cymbidium orchids , summer topiary , fall chrysanthemums , and winter poinsettias . The building was constructed using 7,000 glass blocks and 300 tons of fieldstone from Tennessee. The outdoor and indoor gardens were separated by 26 folding glass doors, 1,600 pounds each and 24' tall. They were designed to be easily closed or opened by staff members. The building's steel structure

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2016-438: The citizenry in tree planting activity". It was subsequently revised by Proclamation 643 in the succeeding year. In 2012, Republic Act 10176 was passed, which revived tree planting events "as [a] yearly event for local government units" and mandated the planting of at least one tree per year for able-bodied Filipino citizens aged 12 years old and above. Since 2012, many local arbor day celebrations have been commemorated, as in

2079-472: The context of colonialism . Attempts to define either the "secular" or the "religious" in non-Western societies, accompanying local modernization and Westernization processes, were often and still are fraught with tension. Due to all these factors, secular as a general term of reference was much deprecated in social sciences, and is used carefully and with qualifications. Philosopher Charles Taylor in his 2007 book A Secular Age understands and discusses

2142-566: The date change. Many of the Department of Conservation 's Arbor Day activities focus on ecological restoration projects using native plants to restore habitats that have been damaged or destroyed by humans or invasive pests and weeds. There are great restoration projects underway around New Zealand and many organisations including community groups, landowners, conservation organisations, iwi , volunteers, schools, local businesses, nurseries and councils are involved in them. These projects are part of

2205-571: The death of Sun Yat-sen , who had been a major advocate of afforestation in his life. Following the retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan in 1949, the celebration of Arbor Day on March 12 was retained. In People's Republic of China, during the fourth session of the Fifth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China in 1979 adopted the Resolution on

2268-587: The environment and providing environmental education. “It seems to me at the rate they’re going, there won’t be any gardens in Callaway Gardens somewhere down the road not too far,” Horne said. “They’re going to be left with nothing but just another golf resort.” The facility was permanently closed on November 12, 2015. Arbor Day Arbor Day (or Arbour Day in some countries) is a secular day of observance in which individuals and groups are encouraged to plant trees . Today, many countries observe such

2331-449: The event. Additionally, the small Spanish village of Villanueva de la Sierra held the first modern Arbor Day, an initiative launched in 1805 by the local priest with the enthusiastic support of the entire population. While Napoleon was ravaging Europe with his ambition in this village in the Sierra de Gata lived a priest, don Juan Abern Samtrés, which, according to the chronicles, "convinced of

2394-521: The fact that their values , morality , or sense of life's meaning are no longer underpinned by communally-accepted religious facts. All religious beliefs or irreligious philosophical positions are, in a secular society, held with an awareness that there are a wide range of other contradictory positions available to any individual; belief in general becomes a different type of experience when all particular beliefs are optional. A plethora of competing religious and irreligious worldviews open up, each rendering

2457-581: The government announced that all provinces of the Republic of China would celebrate the on the same day as the Qingming Festival , April 5, despite the differences in climate across China, which is on the first day of the fifth solar term of the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar . From 1929, by decree of the Nationalist government , Arbor Day was changed to March 12  [ zh ] , to commemorate

2520-471: The grand opening, Callaway employees dedicated a bald cypress tree to co-founder Virginia Hand Callaway. The gesture originated with and was carried out by employees who collected donations for the gift. The $ 1,500 tree, which was 35 feet tall and weighed 16,000 pounds, was planted on Arbor Day in 1984. Mrs. Callaway planted numerous bald cypress trees throughout the Gardens. The bald cypress ( Taxodium distichum )

2583-456: The idea when he visited Japan in 1895 and delivered his Arbor Day and Village Improvement message. He also brought his enthusiasm for Arbor Day to Australia , Canada , and other countries in Europe . Beginning in 1906, Pennsylvania conservationist Major Israel McCreight of DuBois, Pennsylvania , argued that President Theodore Roosevelt 's conservation speeches were limited to businessmen in

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2646-547: The importance of trees for health, hygiene, decoration, nature, environment and customs, decides to plant trees and give a festive air. The festival began on Carnival Tuesday with the ringing of two bells of the church, and the Middle and the Big. After the Mass, and even coated with church ornaments, don Juan, accompanied by clergies, teachers and a large number of neighbours, planted the first tree,

2709-456: The influence of Christian theology, other cultures do not necessarily have words or concepts that resemble or are equivalent to them. Historically, the word secular was not related or linked to religion, but was a freestanding term in Latin that would relate to any mundane endeavour. However, the term, saecula saeculorum ( saeculōrum being the genitive plural of saeculum ) as found in

2772-436: The influence of Christian theology, other cultures do not necessarily have words or concepts that resemble or are equivalent to them. One can regard eating and bathing as examples of secular activities, because there may not be anything inherently religious about them. Nevertheless, some religious traditions see both eating and bathing as sacraments , therefore making them religious activities within those world views . Saying

2835-566: The last Friday in April to the first Sunday in May. Prince Edward Island celebrates Arbour Day on the third Friday in May during Arbour Week. Arbour Day is the longest running civic greening project in Calgary and is celebrated on the first Thursday in May. On this day, each grade 1 student in Calgary's schools receives a tree seedling to be taken home to be planted on private property. National Tree Planting Day

2898-502: The local afforestation committees for workload allocation. Many couples choose to marry the day before the annual celebration, and they plant the tree to mark beginning of their life together and the new life of the tree. National Tree Planting Day is on November 6. "Día del Árbol" is on June 15. "Dia del Árbol" (Day of the Tree) was first observed on October 10, 1904, and today is officially observed on June 21 of each year. Arbor Day in

2961-546: The lumber industry and recommended a campaign of youth education and a national policy on conservation education. McCreight urged Roosevelt to make a public statement to school children about trees and the destruction of American forests. Conservationist Gifford Pinchot , Chief of the United States Forest Service , embraced McCreight's recommendations and asked the President to speak to the public school children of

3024-519: The main conservatory, a tropical conservatory , a sculpture garden with the "Dove of Peace" carrara marble sculpture, a fern grotto , a sub- Mediterranean conservatory and an outdoor garden. "Partners in Time" is a 22-foot indoor waterfall, over which 350 gallons of water flowed per minute. Indoor displays were changed eight times each year and bronze sculptures added to the visitor's experience. Outdoor displays changed five times per year to complement

3087-530: The mind of the populace for the conservation of forests and planting of trees. The name Van Mahotsava (the festival of trees) originated in July 1947 after a successful tree-planting drive was undertaken in Delhi , in which national leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru , Dr Rajendra Prasad and Abul Kalam Azad participated. Paryawaran Sachetak Samiti, a leading environmental organization conducts mass events and activities on this special day celebration each year. The week

3150-425: The other more "fragile". This condition in turn entails for Taylor that even clearly religious beliefs and practices are experienced in a qualitatively different way when they occur in a secular social context. In Taylor's sense of the term, a society could in theory be highly "secular" even if nearly all of its members believed in a deity or even subscribed to a particular religious creed; secularity here has to do with

3213-606: The people. They are also taught how to plant trees. The Jewish holiday Tu Bishvat , the new year for trees, is on the 15th day of the month of Shvat , which usually falls in January or February. Originally based on the date used to calculate the age of fruit trees for tithing as mandated in Leviticus 19:23–25, the holiday now is most often observed by planting trees or raising money to plant trees, and by eating fruit, specifically grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives, and dates. Tu Bishvat

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3276-408: The permanent plants in the garden. Landscape designer W. Gary Smith led the $ 3.5 million renovation in 2003. The existing Rock Wall Garden area was transformed into a Mediterranean Garden. Mediterranean climates have long, hot summers with little rainfall, and with our planets' changing climate, their ability to survive may provide lessons for the future. Before the center closed, Jason Horne filed

3339-503: The same year. In 1955, the commemoration was extended from a day to a week and moved to the last full week of July. Over two decades later, its commemoration was moved to the second week of June. In 2003, the commemorations were reduced from a week to a day and was moved to June 25 per Proclamation No. 396. The same proclamation directed "the active participation of all government agencies, including government-owned and controlled corporations, private sector, schools, civil society groups and

3402-467: The school grounds attractive, and the latter to inspire the children with a spirit of patriotism" (p. 222). This predates the claimed founding of the day by Don Clark of Schomberg, Ontario for his wife Margret Clark in 1906. In Canada, National Forest Week is the last full week of September, and National Tree Day (Maple Leaf Day) falls on the Wednesday of that week. Ontario celebrates Arbour Week from

3465-457: The secularity of Western societies less in terms of how much of a role religion plays in public life ( secularity 1 ), or how religious a society's individual members are ( secularity 2 ), than as a "backdrop" or social context in which religious belief is no longer taken as a given ( secularity 3 ). For Taylor, this third sense of secularity is the unique historical condition in which virtually all individuals – religious or not – have to contend with

3528-736: The term this way (see " secularism ", below); Martin Luther used to speak of "secular work" as a vocation from God for most Christians. Secular has been a part of the Christian church's history, which even developed in the medieval period secular clergy , priests who were defined as the Church's geographically-delimited diocesan clergy and not a part of the diasporal monastic orders. This arrangement continues today. The Waldensians advocated for secularity by separation of church and state. According to cultural anthropologists such as Jack David Eller, secularity

3591-555: The territory. Cambodia celebrates Arbor Day on July 9 with a tree planting ceremony attended by the king. The day was founded by Sir George William Ross , later the premier of Ontario, when he was minister of education in Ontario (1883–1899). According to the Ontario Teachers' Manuals "History of Education" (1915), Ross established both Arbour Day and Empire Day—"the former to give the school children an interest in making and keeping

3654-592: Was created. On the third Wednesday in March each year (near the spring equinox), three quarters of Dutch schoolchildren aged 10/11 and Dutch celebrities plant trees. Stichting Nationale Boomfeestdag organizes all the activities in the Netherlands for this day. Some municipalities however plant the trees around 21 September because of the planting season. In 2007, the 50th anniversary was celebrated with special golden jubilee activities. New Zealand 's first Arbor Day planting

3717-562: Was on 3 July 1890 at Greytown , in the Wairarapa . The first official celebration was scheduled to take place in Wellington in August 1892, with the planting of pōhutukawa and Norfolk pines along Thorndon Esplanade. Prominent New Zealand botanist Dr Leonard Cockayne worked extensively on native plants throughout New Zealand and wrote many notable botanical texts. As early as the 1920s he held

3780-640: Was originated by J. Sterling Morton of Nebraska City, Nebraska , at an annual meeting of the Nebraska State board of agriculture held in Lincoln . On April 10, 1872, an estimated one million trees were planted in Nebraska . In 1883, the American Forestry Association made Birdsey Northrop of Connecticut the chairman of the committee to campaign for Arbor Day nationwide; Northrop further globalized

3843-469: Was reddish-brown in color, a product named Cor-Ten . "Cor" stands for corrosion resistant and "Ten" stands for tensile strength . This steel alloy oxidizes to a predictable depth which makes it perfect for outdoor construction. Cason Callaway was on the board for the U.S. Steel Corporation , which developed Cor-Ten in 1940. The garden-and-greenhouse occupied 5 acres (2.0 ha) which contained both exotic and native plants. Greenhouse sections included

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3906-516: Was simultaneously celebrated in a number of states in the country. In Iran, it is known as "National Tree Planting Day". By the Solar Hijri calendar , it is on the fifteenth day of the month Esfand , which usually corresponds with March 5 . This day is the first day of the "Natural Recyclable Resources Week" (March 5 to 12 ). This is the time when the saplings of the all kinds in terms of different climates of different parts of Iran are shared among

3969-461: Was started in North Macedonia . The campaign by the name 'Tree Day-Plant Your Future' was first organized on 12 March 2008, when an official non-working day was declared and more than 150,000 Macedonians planted 2 million trees in one day (symbolically, one for each citizen). Six million more were planted in November the same year, and another 12,5 million trees in 2009. This has been established as

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