74-496: Shubenacadie may refer to: Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia , an unincorporated community in Hants County, Nova Scotia Shubenacadie River Shubenacadie Valley Shubenacadie Grand Lake Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Shubenacadie . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
148-633: A Canadian residential school , that was operated from 1923 to 1967 by two Roman Catholic orders, the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul and the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate . This was the only Indian residential school in Atlantic Canada . The school building was destroyed in a fire in 1986 and today the property has been adapted for the Scotia Plastics factory. Nora Bernard ,
222-648: A Mi'kmaw activist, attended the school for five years. Later in life, she was directly responsible for what became the largest class action lawsuit in Canadian history, compensation for an estimated 79,000 former students of the Canadian Indian residential school system . Father Le Loutre%27s War [REDACTED] France [REDACTED] Wabanaki Confederacy [REDACTED] Great Britain Father Le Loutre's War (1749–1755), also known as
296-556: A concerted effort to settle Protestants in the region and to establish military control over all of Nova Scotia and present-day New Brunswick , igniting armed response from Acadians in Father Le Loutre's War. The British settled 3,229 people in Halifax during the first years. This exceeded the number of Mi'kmaq in the entire region and was seen as a threat to the traditional occupiers of the land. The Mi'kmaq and some Acadians resisted
370-471: A family of Acadians. The prize and her papers were sent to Halifax. About 1750, the Mi'kmaq captured a New England fishing schooner off of Port Joli and tortured the crew members. To the west of St. Catherines River, the Mi'kmaq heated "Durham Rock" and forced each crew member to burn on the rock or jump to their death into the ocean. In mid September 1750 French officer Louis Du Pont Duchambon de Vergor (later
444-592: A force of 124 Canadians, Acadians, Mi'kmaq and Abenaki in the Avalon Peninsula Campaign . They destroyed almost every British settlement in Newfoundland, killed more than 100 British and captured many more. They deported almost 500 British colonists to England or France. During Queen Anne's War , Mi'kmaq and Acadians resisted during the Raid on Grand Pré , Pisiquit , and Chignecto in 1704. The Acadians assisted
518-648: A helibase and forest fire fighting equipment depot in nearby Shubenacadie East . DNR also operates the Shubenacadie Wildlife Park at this property. Ducks Unlimited and DNR also operate the Greenwing Legacy Interpretive Centre on the property. The wildlife park houses animals native to Nova Scotia, including black bears and moose , as well as several non-native species, including deer , and cougar . There are also several Sable Island Ponies . School programs are offered throughout
592-751: A long history of conflict with encroaching British settlers along the New England/Acadia frontier in Maine. During the 17th and early-18th century, the Wabanaki fought in several campaigns, including in 1688 , 1703 , 1723 , 1724 , 1745 , 1746 , and in 1747 . Hostilities between the British and French resumed during King George's War (1744–48). Supported by the French, Jean-Louis Le Loutre led French soldiers, Acadian militias, and Mi'kmaq forces in efforts to recapture
666-417: A population density of 100.3/km (259.6/sq mi) in 2021. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Shubenacadie part B had a population of 10 living in 6 of its 7 total private dwellings, a change of -94.7% from its 2016 population of 187. With a land area of 2.12 km (0.82 sq mi), it had a population density of 4.7/km (12.2/sq mi) in 2021. Shubenacadie
740-664: A sawmill and two of the houses. During the fighting, the Rangers suffered three wounded, including Gorham, who sustained a bullet in the thigh. As the fighting intensified, a request was sent back to Fort Sackville for reinforcements. Responding to the call for assistance on March 22, Governor Cornwallis ordered Captain Clapham's and Captain St. Loe's Regiments, equipped with two field guns, to join Gorham at Piziquid. The additional troops and artillery turned
814-534: A spirit of accommodation on the part of both the French and the Mi'kmaq. Anne, traditionally identified as the mother of Mary, was the grandmother of Jesus himself. The esteemed position of grandmothers in Mi'kmaw society was a point of agreement between Roman Catholicism and the Mi'kmaw worldview, and highlights the complexity and contingency of the 'conversion' process. In 1738, Abbé Jean-Louis Le Loutre arrived in October of that year at Mission Sainte-Anne, having spent
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#1732845125293888-642: Is a village located in Hants County , in central Nova Scotia , Canada . As of 2021, the population was 411. The name for the Mi'kmaw territory in which present-day Shubenacadie is located and the origin of its name is the Mi'kmaw word Sipekne'katik , which "place abounding in groundnuts " or "place where the wapato grows." Historically, the Sipekne'katik region was a large stretch of territory that covered central Nova Scotia. Father Louis-Pierre Thury sought to gather
962-539: Is connected to the Minas Basin by the Shubenacadie River which experiences a tidal bore on each incoming high tide; this area of Nova Scotia is recognized for having the world's highest tides. There are several companies in nearby Maitland where individuals can hire boats and guides to travel the tidal bore up the Shubenacadie River during the summer months. The provincial Department of Natural Resources operates
1036-654: Is evidence of one scalp being taken along with three Mi'kmaq youth who were killed in 1752 as a result of the proclamation. Two months later, on November 27, 1749, 300 Mi'kmaq, Maliseet, and Acadians attacked Fort Vieux Logis, recently established by the British in the Acadian community of Grand Pré. The fort was under the command of Captain Handfield. The Native and Acadian militia killed the sentries (guards) who were firing on them. The Natives then captured Lieutenant John Hamilton and eighteen soldiers under his command, while surveying
1110-729: The Indian War , the Mi'kmaq War and the Anglo-Mi'kmaq War , took place between King George's War and the French and Indian War in Acadia and Nova Scotia . On one side of the conflict, the British and New England colonists were led by British officer Charles Lawrence and New England Ranger John Gorham . On the other side, Father Jean-Louis Le Loutre led the Mi'kmaq and the Acadia militia in guerrilla warfare against settlers and British forces. At
1184-560: The Lieutenant Governors of Nova Scotia noted that Nova Scotia "was kept in an uninterrupted state of war by the Acadians." By June 1751, Cornwallis wrote to the Board of Trade that his adversaries had "done as much harm to as they could have done in open war." Richard Bulkeley wrote that between 1749 and 1755, Nova Scotia "was kept in an uninterrupted state of war by the Acadians... and
1258-607: The Maliseet raided numerous British vessels on the Bay of Fundy while the Mi'kmaq raided Canso in 1723. In the latter engagement, the Mi'kmaq were supported by the Acadians. During these conflicts, the French and Acadian settlers were aligned with the Mi'kmaq , fighting alongside them during the Battle of Bloody Creek . The Mi'kmaq, which formed a part of the Wabanaki Confederacy , had
1332-520: The Nova Scotia Council issued the extirpation proclamation against the Mi'kmaq on peninsular Nova Scotia and those that assist them. The intent of the proclamation was to put an end to native raids on colonial settlements and to pressure them into "submission" in order to establish "peace and friendship." The proclamation outlined four strategies for people to pressure the natives: "annoy" them, "distress" them, kill them or take them prisoner. There
1406-454: The Raid on Dartmouth . The six men, under the command of Major Gilman, were in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia cutting trees near a saw mill. Four of them were killed on the spot, one was taken prisoner and one escaped. Two of the men were scalped and the heads of the others were cut off by the Mi'kmaq. Major Ezekiel Gilman and others in his party escaped and gave the alarm. A detachment of rangers
1480-533: The British attempted to establish firm control of the major Acadian settlements in peninsular Nova Scotia and to extend their control to the disputed territory of present-day New Brunswick. The British also wanted to establish Protestant communities in Nova Scotia. During the war, the Acadians and Mi'kmaq left Nova Scotia for the French colonies of Ile St. Jean ( Prince Edward Island ) and Ile Royale ( Cape Breton Island ). The French also tried to maintain control of
1554-571: The British began to consolidate its control over peninsular Acadia, leading further conflict with the Acadian and Mi'kmaq. At the outset of Le Loutre's war, along with the New England Ranger units, there were three British regiments at Halifax, the 40th Regiment of Foot arrived from Annapolis, while the 29th Regiment of Foot ( Peregrine Hopson 's regiment) and 45th Regiment of Foot ( Hugh Warburton 's regiment) arrived from Louisbourg. The 47th Regiment ( Peregrine Lascelles ' regiment) arrived
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#17328451252931628-506: The British erected forts in Acadian communities located at Windsor , Grand Pré and Chignecto. The war ended after six years with the defeat of the Mi'kmaq, Acadians and French in the Battle of Fort Beauséjour . Acadian resistance to British-rule in Acadia began after Queen Anne's War , with the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1713. The treaty saw the French cede portions of New France to
1702-622: The British establishing Halifax, settling more British settlers within six months than there were Mi'kmaq. In response, the Acadians and Mi'kmaq orchestrated attacks at Chignecto , Grand Pré , Dartmouth , Canso, Halifax and Country Harbour . The French erected forts at present-day Fort Menagoueche , Fort Beauséjour and Fort Gaspareaux . The British responded by attacking the Mi'kmaq and Acadians at Mirligueche (later known as Lunenburg ), Chignecto and St. Croix . The British unilaterally established communities in Lunenburg and Lawrencetown . Finally,
1776-433: The British fortification of Nova Scotia, and the support of French policy, a significant number of Acadians made a stand against the British. On 18 September 1749, a document was delivered to Edward Cornwallis signed by a total of 1000 Acadians, with representatives from all the major centres. The document stated that they would leave the country before they would sign an unconditional oath. Cornwallis continued to press for
1850-506: The British, including the Hudson Bay region, Newfoundland , and peninsular Acadia. Acadians had previously supported the French in three conflicts known as the French and Indian Wars . Acadians joined French privateer Pierre Maisonnat dit Baptiste as crew members in his victories over many British vessels during King William's War . After the Siege of Pemaquid , Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville led
1924-477: The Chignecto and its approaches, constructing Fort Beausejour and two satellite forts – one at present-day Strait Shores, New Brunswick ( Fort Gaspareaux ) and the other at present-day Saint John, New Brunswick (Fort Menagoueche). During these months, 35 Mi'kmaq and Acadians ambushed Ranger Francis Bartelo, killing him and six of his men while taking seven others captive. The captives' bloodcurdling screams as
1998-497: The French in protecting the capital in the First siege of Port Royal and the final second siege of Port Royal . However, with the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1713, peninsular Acadia was formally ceded to the British. Although peace was formally reestablished with France, the British still faced resistance from the French colonists in the Acadian peninsula. During Father Rale's War ,
2072-522: The French recognized at once the threat it represented and that the Saint John River corridor might be used to attack Quebec City itself. To protect this vital gateway, at the beginning of 1749, the French strategically constructed three forts within 18 months along the route: one at Baie Verte ( Fort Gaspareaux ), one at Chignecto ( Fort Beausejour ) and another at the mouth of the Saint John River ( Fort Menagoueche ). In response to Gorham's raid on
2146-492: The French sloop, London , of 70 tons. The London was seized to discover that it had been employed to carry stores of all kinds, arms, and ammunition, from Quebec to Le Loutre and the Mi'kmaq fighters. François Bigot, the intendant of New France had given instructions to the French captain to follow the orders of Le Loutre or La Corne, the bills of lading endorsed by Le Loutre, and other papers and letters, were found on board of her, with four deserters from Cornwallis' regiment, and
2220-475: The French soldiers in the Battle of Grand Pré . During King George's War, Le Loutre, Gorham and Lawrence rose to prominence in the region. During the war, however, Massachusetts Governor Shirley acknowledged that Nova Scotia was still "scarcely" British and urged London to fund building forts in the Acadian communities. The signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 ended formal hostilities between British and French forces. With peace formally reestablished,
2294-456: The French vessels. Despite inferior armament, Vergor engaged the sloop, allowing Aimable Jeanne to reach Fort Boishebert . The action lasted the better part of the day, after which, with only seven men fit out of 50 and Saint-François unmasted and sinking, Vergor was obliged to yield. Three of Rous' crew were killed. The French ship contained a large quantity of provision, uniforms and warlike supplies. Cornwallis noted that this action
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2368-572: The Governor of Canada ordered four British sloops to be seized at Louisbourg. There were six raids on Dartmouth during this time period. In July 1750, the Mi'kmaq killed and scalped 7 men who were at work in Dartmouth. In August 1750, 353 people arrived on the Alderney and began the town of Dartmouth. The town was laid out in the autumn of that year. The following month, on September 30, 1750, Dartmouth
2442-631: The Mi'kmaq of Peninsular Nova Scotia into a single settlement around Shubenacadie as early as 1699. Not until the Dummer's War between the New France -aligned Wabanaki Confederacy and English New England from 1722–1725, however, did Antoine Gaulin , a Quebec-born missionary, erect a permanent mission at Shubenacadie (adjacent to Snides Lake and close to the former Residential school). He also made seasonal trips to Cape Sable, LaHave, and Mirlegueche. The Shubenacadie mission's dedication to Saint Anne speaks to
2516-522: The Mi'kmaq tortured them throughout the night had a chilling effect on the New Englanders. There were four raids on Halifax during the war. The first raid happened in October 1750, while in the woods on peninsular Halifax, Mi'kmaq scalped two British people and took six prisoner: Cornwallis' gardener, his son, and Captain William Clapham 's book keeper were tortured and scalped. The Mi'kmaq buried
2590-559: The Mission on August 18, 1754 and recorded: Half after Twelve we came to the Masshouse, which I think is the neatest in the Country, 'tis Adorned with a Fine lofty Steeple and a Weather Cock. The Parsonage House is the only Habitation here, the land is good & seems to be more so on the opposite side. Floyer's map, which accompanied his written report, suggests the presence of three structures at
2664-682: The North Blockhouse (located at the north end of Joseph Howe Drive) and killed the men on guard. Mi'kmaq also attacked near the South Blockhouse (located at the south end of Joseph Howe Drive), at a saw-mill on a stream flowing out of Chocolate Lake into the Northwest Arm . They killed two men. In August 1750, there was a naval battle off Baie Verte between British Captain Le Cras, of the Trial and
2738-592: The Saint John River in 1748, the Governor of Canada threatened to support native raids along the northern New England border. There were many previous raids from the Mi'kmaq militia and Maliseet Militias against British settlers on the border ( 1703 , 1723 , 1724 , 1745 , 1746 , 1747 ). During the war, along the former border of Acadia, the Kennebec River , the British built Fort Halifax ( Winslow ), Fort Shirley ( Dresden , formerly Frankfurt) and Fort Western ( Augusta ). With demands for an unconditional oath,
2812-507: The arrival of these Protestant settlers. The war caused unprecedented upheaval in the area. Atlantic Canada witnessed more population movements, more fortification construction, and more troop allocations than ever before. Twenty-four conflicts were recorded during the war (battles, raids, skirmishes), thirteen of which were Mi'kmaq and Acadian raids on the capital region Halifax/ Dartmouth . As typical of frontier warfare, many additional conflicts were unrecorded. During Father Le Loutre's War,
2886-515: The capital, such as the Siege of Annapolis Royal . During this siege, the French officer Marin had taken British prisoners and stopped with them further up the bay at Cobequid . While at Cobequid, an Acadian said that the French soldiers should have "left their [the British] carcasses behind and brought their skins." Le Loutre was also joined by the prominent Acadian resistance leader Joseph Broussard (Beausoleil). Broussard and other Acadians supported
2960-519: The commander at Fort Beausejour ) was dispatched aboard the brigantine Saint-François to convoy the schooner Aimable Jeanne , which was carrying munitions and supplies from Quebec to the Saint John River for Boishebert at Fort Boishebert . Early on 16 October, about ten leagues west of Cape Sable (present-day Port La Tour, Nova Scotia and area), British Captain John Rous in HMS Albany overtook
3034-608: The consent and advice of His Majesty's Council, do promise a reward of ten Guineas for every Indian Micmac taken or killed, to be paid upon producing such Savage taken or his scalp (as in the custom of America) if killed to the Officer Commanding." To carry out this task, two companies of rangers were raised, one led by Captain Francis Bartelo and the other by Captain William Clapham . These two companies served alongside that of John Gorham's company. The three companies scoured
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3108-560: The disputed territory of present-day New Brunswick. (Father Le Loutre tried to prevent the New Englanders from moving into present-day New Brunswick just as a generation earlier, during Father Rale's War , Rale had tried to prevent New Englanders from taking over present-day Maine .) Throughout the war, the Mi'kmaq and Acadians attacked the British forts in Nova Scotia and the newly established Protestant settlements. They wanted to retard British settlement and buy time for France to implement its Acadian resettlement scheme. The war began with
3182-578: The following year (1750). At sea, Captain John Rous was the senior naval officer on the Nova Scotia station during the war. The main officer under his command was Silvanus Cobb . John Gorham also owned two armed schooners : the Anson and the Warren . The war began when Edward Cornwallis arrived to establish Halifax with 13 transports on June 21, 1749. The British quickly began to build other settlements. To guard against Mi'kmaq, Acadian and French attacks on
3256-399: The fort's environs. After the British soldiers were captured, the native and Acadian militias made several attempts over the next week to lay siege to the fort before breaking off the engagement. Gorham's Rangers was sent to relieve the fort. When he arrived, the militia had already departed with the prisoners. The prisoners spent several years in captivity before being ransomed. There
3330-561: The invading force and withdrew, burning their crops and houses as they retreated. On 15 October (N.S.) a group of Mi'kmaq disguised as French officers called a member of the Nova Scotia Council Edward How to a conference. This trap, organized by Chief Étienne Bâtard , gave him the opportunity to wound How seriously, and How died five or six days later, according to Captain La Vallière (probably Louis Leneuf de La Vallière),
3404-424: The land around Halifax looking for Mi'kmaq. Three days after the bounty was ordered, on October 5, Governor Cornwallis sent Commander White with troops in the 20-gun sloop Sphinx to Mirligueche (Lunenburg). After two consecutive attacks on June 18 and then June 20, 1750 Cornwallis deemed the initial proclamation ineffective and increased the bounty to 50 guinea on June 21, 1750. During Cornwallis' tenure there
3478-440: The late 19th century, and Douglas Ormond , F. H. Patterson , and others in the early 20th, rendered enough of this folklore into ink to save it from oblivion. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Shubenacadie part A had a population of 401 living in 176 of its 191 total private dwellings, a change of -45.4% from its 2016 population of 735. With a land area of 4 km (1.5 sq mi), it had
3552-468: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shubenacadie&oldid=933127288 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia Shubenacadie ( / ˌ ʃ uː b ə ˈ n æ k ə d i / SHOO -bə- NAK -ə-dee )
3626-536: The minutes, in keeping with earlier treaties, the Council determined that they would treat the Mi'kmaq as rebellious British subjects rather than as war adversaries: "That, in their opinion to declare war formally against the Micmac Indians would be a manner to own them a free and independent people, whereas they ought to be treated as so many Banditti Ruffians, or Rebels, to His Majesty's Government." On October 2, 1749,
3700-501: The mission site. Twelve months later, the Expulsion of the Acadians began during the French and Indian War and by October 1755, Mission Sainte-Anne appears to have been destroyed. Oral tradition says the Mi'kmaq destroyed the mission to prevent it from falling into the New Englanders possession and dumped it into Snides Lake, which was adjacent to the mission Historically-minded individuals like Henry Youle Hind and Elizabeth Frame in
3774-579: The new Protestant settlements, British fortifications were erected in Halifax ( Citadel Hill in 1749), Bedford ( Fort Sackville in 1749), Dartmouth (1750), Lunenburg (1753) and Lawrencetown (1754). Within 18 months of establishing Halifax, the British attempted to take control of the Nova Scotia peninsula by building fortifications in all the major Acadian communities: present-day Windsor ( Fort Edward ); Grand Pré ( Fort Vieux Logis ) and Chignecto ( Fort Lawrence ). A British fort ( Fort Anne ) already existed at
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#17328451252933848-419: The only eyewitness. Le Loutre and Acadian militia leader Joseph Broussard resisted the British assault. The British defeated them and subsequently began construction of Fort Lawrence near the site of the ruined Acadian village of Beaubassin. The work on the fort proceeded rapidly and the facility was completed within weeks. To limit the British to peninsular Nova Scotia , the French began also to fortify
3922-478: The other major Acadian centre of Annapolis Royal and Cobequid remained without a fort. Le Loutre is reported to have said that "the English might build as many Forts as they pleased but he wou'd take care that they shou'd not come out of them, for he was resolved to torment them with his Indians...." In fact, Mi'kmaq resistance kept the British largely holed up in their forts until the fall of Louisbourg (1758) . ,
3996-468: The outbreak of the war there were an estimated 2500 Mi'kmaq and 12,000 Acadians in the region. While the British captured Port Royal in 1710 and were ceded peninsular Acadia in 1713, the Mi'kmaq and Acadians continued to contain the British in settlements at Port Royal and Canso . The rest of the colony was in the control of the Catholic Mi'kmaq and Acadians. About forty years later, the British made
4070-661: The previous winter in Cape Breton learning the Mi'kmaw language with Abbé Pierre Maillard . During Dummer's War and King George's War , Mission Sainte-Anne was a sort of military base along with being a place of worship. Louis Coulon de Villiers ' hardy troop passed this way on their brutal mid-winter march toward the Battle of Grand Pré in 1747, and Mi'kmaw warriors used the site as a staging point for their attacks on Halifax and Dartmouth during Father Le Loutre's War . During Father Le Loutre's War, Captain Matthew Floyer arrived at
4144-661: The prisoners from Canso. because Captain Ebenezer Ellingwood had paid the money but had not returned for his son. At the Isthmus of Chignecto in August 1749, the Mi'kmaq attacked two British vessels thought to be preventing Acadians from joining the Acadian Exodus by leaving Beaubassin for Ile St. Jean . On September 18, several Mi'kmaq and Maliseets ambushed and killed three British men at Chignecto. Seven natives were killed in
4218-443: The property of Acadians who had participated in the siege of Grand Pré . Arriving at about noon on March 20 at the Acadian village of Five Houses beside the St. Croix River , Gorham and his men found all the houses deserted. Seeing a group of Mi'kmaq hiding in the bushes on the opposite shore, the Rangers opened fire. The skirmish deteriorated into a siege, with Gorham's men taking refuge in
4292-538: The property to the community. It converted the building to a museum. The museum features: The Atlantic Motorsport Park is located in North Salem , approximately 11 kilometres northwest of Shubenacadie. It is one of North America's only full-time road racing tracks that is owned and operated completely by volunteers. Shubenacadie was the location of the Shubenacadie Indian Residential School ,
4366-469: The regulars who pursued the Mi'kmaq fell into an ambush in which they lost a sergeant killed. Two days later, on March 28, 1751, Mi'kmaq abducted another three settlers. Two months later, on May 13, 1751, Broussard led sixty Mi'kmaq and Acadians to attack Dartmouth again, in what would be known as the "Dartmouth Massacre" . Broussard and the others killed twenty settlers – mutilating men, women, children and babies – and took more prisoners. A sergeant
4440-522: The reports of an officer commanding Fort Edward , [indicated he] could not be conveyed [to Halifax] with less an escort than an officer and thirty men." (Along with Bulkeley, Cornwallis' other Aide-de-camp was Horatio Gates .) The only land route between Louisbourg and Quebec went from Baie Verte through Chignecto, along the Bay of Fundy and up the Saint John River . With the establishment of Halifax,
4514-466: The skirmish. On 24 September 1749, the Mi'kmaq formally wrote to Governor Cornwallis through French missionary Father Maillard, proclaiming their ownership of the land, and expressing their opposition to the British actions in settling at Halifax. Some historians have read this letter as declaration of hostility against the British. Other historians have questioned that interpretation. On September 30, 1749, about forty Mi'kmaq attacked six men during
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#17328451252934588-427: The son while the gardener's body was left behind and the other six persons were taken prisoner to Grand Pre for five months. Shortly after this raid, Cornwallis learned that the Mi'kmaq had received payment from the French at Chignecto for five prisoners taken at Halifax as well as prisoners taken earlier at Dartmouth and Grand Pre. In 1751, there were two attacks on blockhouses surrounding Halifax. Mi'kmaq attacked
4662-410: The tide for Gorham and forced the Mi'kmaq to withdraw. Gorham proceeded to present-day Windsor and forced Acadians to dismantle their church – Notre Dame de l'Assomption – so that Fort Edward could be built in its place. In May 1750, Lawrence was unsuccessful in establishing himself at Chignecto because Le Loutre burned the village of Beaubassin, thereby preventing Lawrence from using the supplies of
4736-402: The unconditional oath rejecting their Christian Catholic Faith and accepting the Protestant Anglican Church with a deadline of 25 October. In response, hundreds of Acadians were deported by the British with the confiscation of their homes, their lands and their cattle. The deportation of the Acadians by the British involved almost half of the total Acadian population of Nova Scotia . The expulsion
4810-485: The village to establish a fort. (According to historian Frank Patterson, the Acadians at Cobequid burned their homes as they retreated from the British to Tatamagouche, Nova Scotia in 1754. ) Lawrence retreated only to return in September 1750. On September 3, 1750 New England Ranger John Gorham led over 700 men to the Isthmus of Chignecto. Mi'kmaq and Acadians opposed the landing and killed twenty British. Several Mi'kmaq were killed and they were eventually overwhelmed by
4884-464: The year, and interpretive programs are ongoing throughout the summer months. Shubenacadie Sam is a popular attraction around Groundhog Day when the rodent provides "projections" for the arrival of spring. The community of Shubenacadie has a small museum called the Tinsmith Museum and Craft Shop. Dating to the early 1890s, the building was used continuously as a milk can fabrication facility and hardware store until 2000. Its late owner Harry Smith left
4958-456: Was also a bounty of 10 guinea given for a native killed or taken prisoner. The proclamation reads: "For, those cause we by and with the advice and consent of His Majesty's Council, do hereby authorize and command all Officers Civil and Military, and all His Majesty's Subjects or others to annoy, distress, take or destroy the Savage commonly called Micmac, wherever they are found, and all as such as aiding and assisting them, give further by and with
5032-413: Was also killed and his body mutilated. They destroyed the buildings. The British returned to Halifax with the scalp of one Mi'kmaq warrior, however, they reported that they killed six Mi'kmaq warriors. Captain William Clapham and sixty soldiers were on duty and fired from the blockhouse. The British killed six Mi'kmaq warriors, but were only able to retrieve one scalp that they took to Halifax. Those at
5106-541: Was attacked again by the Mi'kmaq and five more residents were killed. In October 1750 a group of about eight men went out "to take their diversion; and as they were fowling, they were attacked by the Indians, who took the whole prisoners; scalped ... [one] with a large knife, which they wear for that purpose, and threw him into the sea ..." The following spring, on March 26, 1751, the Mi'kmaq attacked again, killing fifteen settlers and wounding seven, three of which would later die of their wounds. They took six captives, and
5180-428: Was brutal often separating children from their families. The leader of the Exodus was Father Jean-Louis Le Loutre , whom the British gave the code name " Moses ". Historian Micheline Johnson described Le Loutre as "the soul of the Acadian resistance." The first Mi'kmaq breach of the Treaty of 1726 and 1748 was at Canso. On 19 August 1749, Lieutenant Joseph Gorham , younger brother of John Gorham (military officer) ,
5254-408: Was no fighting over the winter months, which was common in frontier warfare. The following spring, on March 18, 1750, John Gorham and his Rangers left Fort Sackville (at present day Bedford, Nova Scotia ), under orders from Governor Cornwallis, to march to Piziquid (present day Windsor, Nova Scotia ). Gorham's mission was to establish a blockhouse at Pisiquid, which became Fort Edward , and to seize
5328-481: Was sent after the raiding party and cut off the heads of two Mi'kmaq and scalped one. This raid was the first of eight against Dartmouth during the war. This raid was consistent with the Wabanaki Confederacy and New England's approach to warfare with each other since King William's War (1688). On October 1, 1749, Cornwallis convened a meeting of the Nova Scotia Council aboard HMS Beaufort . According to
5402-451: Was the second time he had caught the Governor of Canada sending a ship of military supplies to the Mi'kmaq to use against the British. By the end of the year, Cornwallis estimated that there were no less than eight to ten French vessels which unloaded war supplies for the Mi'kmaq, French, and Acadians at Saint John River and Baye Vert. In response to their defeat in the Battle off Port La Tour,
5476-610: Was under the command of William Clapham at Canso and his party was attacked by Mi'kmaq. They seized his vessel and took twenty prisoners and carried them off to Louisbourg ten days later on the 29th. After Cornwallis complained to the Governor of Ile Royale, sixteen of the prisoners were released to Halifax and the other four sent off on their own vessel. The year earlier the Mi'kmaq had seized Captain Ellingwood's vessel Success and he promised them 100 pounds and left his son hostage to have it released. Mikmaq reported they released
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