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83-589: Like many place names in Osaka, the Shinsaibashi shopping district gets its name from one of the many "Machi-bashi" (town bridges) that were built and managed by the local merchants. Shinsaibashi was a much-loved landmark bridge that spanned the Nagahori-gawa canal. In 1622, at the time of the excavation of the Nagahori-gawa canal, the original 35 metres-long and 4 metres-wide wooden bridge was built by Shinsai Okada, one of

166-456: A bōsōzoku gang attacks Charlie before Sato appears and decapitates him. Following Charlie's death, Nick reveals to Matsumoto that he stole money during the drug raid in New York. Nick and Matsumoto follow a hostess who is their only clue to Sato. The trail leads to a steel foundry, where they see a meeting between Sato and Sugai. It is revealed that the package Sato took in New York is one-half of

249-540: A 2011 ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada established that under current laws "equalization payments agreed to as part of a divorce are considered debts, and are wiped off a person's balance sheet when they declare bankruptcy." Laws of the Czech Republic provide for spousal maintenance both during marriage and after divorce. As main principle, both spouses have the right for generally equal standard of living during

332-615: A Blue Ribbon Commission to address Alimony Reform. The Senate has a similar bill pending that has not yet been posted in the Judiciary Committee. The NJ Matrimonial Bar Association has been vehemently fighting against Alimony Reform, led by Patrick Judge Jr. chairman of the Family Law section of the New Jersey State Bar Association. Attorney Judge stated that the New Jersey State Bar Association ("NJSBA") objected to

415-481: A divorce are fair and equitable to the facts of their individual case. Some groups have proposed various forms of legislation to reform alimony parameters (i.e. amounts and term). Alimony terms are among the most frequent issues causing litigation in family law cases. Eighty percent of divorce cases involve a request for modification of alimony. Some states (e.g. Florida, Texas, Maine) are moving away from permanent alimony awards that are intended to maintain

498-609: A dress shirt in a gift box. Underneath it, Matsumoto finds both plates. Additional cast members include Ken Kensei as Matsumoto's son, Vondie Curtis-Hall as an NYPD detective, Josip Elic as Joe the bartender, Keone Young as a karaoke singer, Shôtarô Hayashi; Toshishiro Obata and Takayuki Kubota as yakuza mediators, Shiro Oishi ; Roy K. Ogata; Nathan Jung ; Al Leong , Mak Takano and Bruce Locke as Sato's henchmen, and Professor Toru Tanaka and Jôji Shimaki as Sugai's henchmen. Musician David Tao appears uncredited as an extra , playing an Osaka police officer. Michael Douglas read

581-520: A fish trying to swim in strange waters. But instead he is presented as a traditional action hero dominating everyone in sight. The cultural imperialism of that decision makes for a routine and frequently offensive story full of Asian stereotypes." A review in Variety stated, "Since this is a Ridley Scott film, 'Black Rain' is about 90% atmosphere and 10% story. But what atmosphere! This gripping crime thriller about hardboiled N.Y. cop Michael Douglas tracking

664-404: A lump sum or in installments, when one party cannot support themselves without payments from the other party. Under traditional English common law , a woman gave up her personal property rights on marriage (see Coverture ). Upon separation from marriage, the husband retained the right to the wife's property, but, in exchange, had an ongoing responsibility to support the wife after dissolution of

747-532: A lunch meeting between a Mafioso and some Japanese men gone wrong when a yakuza named Koji Sato arrives and kills the Japanese men after taking a small package from them. After Nick and Charlie arrest Sato, they are assigned to escort him back to Osaka under orders from the Japanese Embassy . Upon landing in Osaka, Nick and Charlie are tricked by yakuza dressed as police officers to hand Sato over to them before

830-505: A marriage or common-law relationship, courts will look at the conditions, means, needs and other circumstances of each spouse. This includes: This is by no means an exhaustive list of factors which the court will consider when determining entitlement. Each case is determined on its own unique set of circumstances. Factors for awarding spousal support The federal Divorce Act at s.15.2 (6) states that there are four objectives of spousal support orders: Amount and duration The longer

913-535: A member of the yakuza and must escort him back to Japan . Once there, he escapes and the two officers find themselves dragged deeper and deeper into the Japanese underworld. The film was released by Paramount Pictures on September 22, 1989. It received much publicity beforehand being Douglas's first movie since his Oscar winning role in Wall Street - a span of nearly two years. Upon release, it received generally mixed to positive reviews from critics, which praised

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996-471: A one-time payment of isha-ryo , or consolation money, to the "wronged" spouse in the divorce, a type of compensation which does not exist in some other jurisdictions such as most U.S. states. In the U.S., state law establishes requirements regarding alimony (and child support) payments, recovery and penalties. A spouse trying to recover back alimony sometimes may use only the collection procedures that are available to all other creditors, such as reporting

1079-450: A period adequate to circumstances, but no longer than three years. If those special conditions are not met, both of the divorced have mutual spousal maintenance obligation in case that one of them is not able to provide for themselves due to circumstances originating in marriage, if payment of alimony is reasonable under general circumstances that each of the divorced found themselves in. English courts award spousal maintenance, either in

1162-447: A police raid without permission, and Nick takes a few US$ 100 bills from the crime scene. He later proves to Matsumoto and his superior that the bills are part of a counterfeiting war between the rival yakuza groups. After a night out with Matsumoto, a drunk Nick and Charlie walk back to their hotel when a motorcyclist steals Charlie's trench coat and leads him to an underground parking garage. Nick follows them, only to watch in horror as

1245-419: A prenuptial agreement or a post-nuptial agreement by the party against whom alimony is sought may also cause a court to invalidate a waiver of alimony provision.  Prenuptial Agreements with valid alimony waivers or restrictions entered into in one state should be fully enforceable by the courts of another state in the event of a divorce, unless the terms of the prenuptial agreement are in material violation of

1328-490: A printing plate that Sugai sent to the Mafia to verify its craftsmanship, and Sato is offering to return it if Sugai grants him the title of oyabun . Shortly after the meeting, Nick chases after Sato, but is promptly arrested and deported for carrying a gun in public, while Matsumoto is suspended and demoted. Nick sneaks off the plane to pursue Sato on his own. Following a tip from Joyce, he meets Sugai, who tells him that he survived

1411-582: A process for allowing alimony payers to request modifications when they want to retire. The bill allowed judges to reduce or terminate alimony obligations based on a number of factors. The passage came after decades of contentious debate garnering three vetoes of similar bills. Some groups that were previously major opponents of the reform approved of the 2023 policy, such as Florida Family Fairness and The Florida Bar . California, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Oklahoma, New York, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, and West Virginia have all passed laws that allow for

1494-428: A public charge. Types of spousal support In Canada, spousal support may be awarded upon divorce, under the federal Divorce Act , or upon separation without divorce under provincial statutes. There are generally three different forms of spousal support awarded: Married spouses and common-law spouses Both married spouses and common-law spouses may be entitled to spousal support. An important distinction between

1577-517: A road, the bridge taken down, and the carved railings and the lamps from the stone bridge were used in the construction of a pedestrian overpass. This bridge was used in one of the scenes in the 1989 Hollywood movie Black Rain . The overpass was removed as a part of the construction of the Crysta Nagahori, an underground shopping mall beneath the Nagahori-dori road. The mall opened in 1997, and

1660-508: A score of 56% based on reviews from 18 critics. In retrospect, Michael Douglas said: "It was hard to know who to root for. And people here were uncomfortable with race stuff and talking about the bomb. There was a critic, who'll remain nameless, who called it a racist film. I called him up and asked, 'Have you ever been to Japan?' He said, 'No', and I said, 'Then what the hell are you talking about?' The Japanese loved it. I loved it—I thought it rocked from top to bottom." During an interview on

1743-479: A spouse's standard of living enjoyed during the marriage and are moving towards durational or rehabilitative alimony. In other states, like Mississippi and Tennessee, alimony is usually awarded for life. Some of the critical issues that proponents and opponents of alimony reform disagree upon are: In 2012, bills were introduced in the New Jersey Assembly and Senate. The Assembly passed a bill calling for

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1826-499: A standardized non-presumptive guideline upon which courts can rely. In general, there are four types of alimony: Some of the possible factors that bear on the amount and duration of the support are: Prenuptial agreements are recognized in all fifty states and the District of Columbia, and every jurisdiction allows parties to agree to spousal support and alimony terms in a premarital or postnuptial agreement, if their marital agreement

1909-590: A steel mill, Scott was interrupted mid-take by an official who placed his hand over the camera. Due to strict firearms laws in the country, the production also had difficulty using prop firearms, and were prohibited from firing blank ammunition . Scott was eventually forced to leave the country and complete the final climactic scene in Napa Valley , California , after ruling out shooting in New York or Hong Kong . The early departure caused additional problems. Deals with Japanese actors had to be renegotiated and some of

1992-584: A yakuza hood in Osaka, Japan, boasts magnificent lensing by Jan DeBont and powerfully baroque production design by Norris Spencer." Michael Wilmington of the Los Angeles Times described the plot as "standard '80s schtick" but called the visuals "hellaciously gorgeous" and concluded that "action movies are one genre where clichés can be transcended and execution can triumph over content. That's what happens here." Rita Kempley of The Washington Post wrote that Scott "approaches this prickly action thriller with

2075-451: Is also discussed in the Code of Justinian . The modern concept of alimony is derived from English ecclesiastical courts that awarded alimony in cases of separation and divorce. Alimony pendente lite was given until the divorce decree, based on the husband's duty to support the wife during a marriage that still continued. Post-divorce or permanent alimony was also based on the notion that

2158-427: Is becoming more common, as the stigma associated with asking for alimony fades. Once dissolution proceedings commence, either party may seek interim or pendente lite support during the course of the litigation . Where a divorce or dissolution of marriage ( civil union ) is granted, either party may ask for post-marital alimony. It is not an absolute right, but may be granted, the amount and terms varying with

2241-422: Is plotting to massacre Sugai's gang upon seeing some of his henchmen dressed as rice farmers. During the truce meeting with Sugai, Sato cuts off his little finger , but betrays Sugai by stabbing him in the hand before running off with both plates. As both rival gangs are engaged in a gunfight, Nick chases Sato on motorcycle before they tangle in a fistfight. Nick gains the advantage and, having Sato at his mercy, has

2324-437: Is prepared in accordance with state and federal law requirements.  Divorce courts retain the discretion to refuse to enforce prenuptial agreement terms restricting a party’s right to seek alimony if that party would have to seek public assistance as a result of the alimony waiver, or if the restriction on the right to seek alimony is unconscionable or unfair when the divorce occurs. Lack of financial disclosure prior to signing

2407-544: The 62nd Academy Awards . Black Rain was the final film role for actor Yūsaku Matsuda before his death in November 1989. The film is dedicated to his memory. Nick Conklin is an NYPD detective who has come under fire from Internal Affairs , who believes he and his former partner stole money from evidence used in a drug bust. In addition, he is behind on his alimony payments. One day after an interview with Internal Affairs, Nick and his current partner Charlie Vincent witness

2490-469: The bombing of Hiroshima and that his counterfeiting scheme is his revenge on the U.S. for the "black rain" he experienced that day and for corrupting Sato and the younger Japanese generation with western ideals. Nick convinces Sugai that he can help him retrieve the stolen plate from Sato to retain Sugai's reputation among the other yakuza clans. At a remote farm, Nick and Matsumoto regroup and deduce that Sato

2573-575: The divorce law or family law of each country. In most jurisdictions, it is distinct from child support , where, after divorce, one parent is required to contribute to the support of their children by paying money to the child's other parent or guardian. The term alimony comes from the Latin word alimonia ("nourishment, sustenance", from alere , "to nourish"), from which the terms alimentary (of, or relating to food, nutrition, or digestion), and aliment (a Scots Law rule regarding sustenance to assure

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2656-420: The testimony submitted by both parties. This can be modified at any future date based on a change of circumstances by either party on proper notice to the other party and application to the court. The courts are generally reluctant to modify an existing agreement unless the reasons are compelling. In some jurisdictions the court always has jurisdiction to grant maintenance should one of the former spouses become

2739-713: The 1970s, the United States Supreme Court ruled against gender bias in alimony awards and, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, the percentage of alimony recipients who are male rose from 2.4% in 2001 to 3.6% in 2006. In states like Massachusetts and Louisiana, the salaries of new spouses may be used in determining the alimony paid to the previous partners. Most recently, in several high-profile divorces, women such as Britney Spears , Victoria Principal , and Jessica Simpson have paid multimillion-dollar settlements in lieu of alimony to ex-husbands. According to divorce lawyers, aggressive pursuit of spousal support by men

2822-532: The Divorce Act, 1869 (Section 36 for pendente lite , Section 37 for permanent alimony). Parsis : Governed by the Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act (Section 39 for pendente lite , Section 40 for permanent alimony). Secular : Special Marriage Act, 1954 (Section 36 for pendente lite , Section 37 for permanent alimony). The duty of mutual assistance of the spouses turns into an obligation of maintenance following

2905-643: The Ebisubashi and the famous neon wall overlooking the Dōtonbori canal creates the Blade Runner -esque mise-en-scène. Umeda , Osaka's northern center, is represented by the first floor of the Hankyu Department Store Umeda branch. Resembling a futuristic neo-gothic nave from a cathedral, this is where Charlie Vincent's trenchcoat is stolen by a Bōsōzoku biker. Because the production could not finish

2988-507: The U.S. and Canada, ranking #1 at the box office and staying there for two weeks. At the Japanese box office, Black Rain was the fifth top-grossing foreign film of 1989, earning ¥ 1.35 billion in distributor rentals . The film grossed a total of US$ 46.2 million in the United States and Canada, and US$ 88 million in other territories, for a worldwide gross of US$ 134.2 million. Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote that

3071-553: The actors were unable to get visas in time to complete their roles in the U.S. Some of the Japanese bit players, who had already been filmed, were replaced with lookalikes while others were cut out of the film. Various props and vehicles had to be duplicated or sent to Los Angeles. Two Japanese propane fueled cars were shipped over, but they did not meet U.S. safety standards, and they were destroyed once filming ended. The unfavorable working conditions also caused original cinematographer Howard Atherton to quit early in production, and he

3154-409: The amount and/or duration of alimony. In Texas, Mississippi and Tennessee, for example, alimony is awarded only in cases of marriage or civil union of ten years or longer and the payments are limited to three years unless there are special, extenuating circumstances. Also, in case of Texas, there is a legal presumption while dealing with a spousal maintenance case, that the alimony isn't appropriate. Once

3237-435: The amount due to a collection agency , or seek enforcement through contempt of court proceedings against an obligor who is able to pay but has failed to do so. Alimony obligations are not dischargeable in bankruptcy . The determination of alimony varies greatly from state to state within the U.S. Some state statutes, including those of Texas, Montana, Kansas, Utah, Kentucky and Maine, give explicit guidelines to judges on

3320-468: The choice of whether or not to kill Sato for Charlie and all the humiliation he has suffered. Nick and Matsumoto walk a handcuffed Sato into police headquarters to the amazement of everyone and later receive commendations, which Nick accepts gratefully. Before Nick boards his flight home, Matsumoto remarks that the printing plates were not recovered, and Nick seems to imply that he took them. Nick thanks Matsumoto for his assistance and friendship and gives him

3403-410: The circumstances. If one party is already receiving support at the time of the divorce, the previous order is not automatically continued (although this can be requested), as the arguments for support during and after the marriage can be different. Unless the parties agree on the terms of their divorce in a binding written instrument , the court will make a determination based on the legal argument and

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3486-492: The concept of fault in the divorce. Alimony to wives was paid because it was assumed that the marriage, and the wife's right to support, would have continued but for the misbehavior of the husband. Ending alimony on divorce would have permitted a guilty husband to profit from his own misconduct. In contrast, if the wife committed the misconduct, she was considered to have forfeited any claim to ongoing support. However, during this period, parties could rarely afford alimony, and so it

3569-620: The determination of duration and amount of alimony is left to the discretion of the family court judges who must consider case law in each state. In Mississippi, Texas and Tennessee, for example, there are 135 Appellate Cases in addition to 47 sections of State Statute that shape divorce law. As a result of these Appellate Cases, for example, Mississippi judges cannot order an end date to any alimony award. In 2012, Massachusetts signed into law comprehensive alimony reform. This law sets limits on alimony and eliminates lifetime alimony. Similarly, in 2013, Colorado signed into law alimony reform, creating

3652-523: The determination of which it is entrusted to certain specific parameters (conditions of the spouses, reasons for the decision, personal and economic contribution given by each to the family management and to the formation of the patrimony of each or the common one, income of both, duration of marriage). Under the Japanese Civil Code , spousal support is available while the parties are married, but terminates upon divorce. Japanese courts typically award

3735-475: The duration of alimony cannot exceed the length of the marriage. In Maine, Mississippi, and Tennessee alimony is awarded in marriages or civil union of 10 to 20 years and the duration is half the length of the marriage barring extenuating circumstances. Other states, including California, Nevada and New York, have relatively vague statutes which simply list the "factors" a judge should consider when determining alimony (see list of factors below). In these states,

3818-595: The film "plays as if it had been written in the course of production. There seems to have been more desperation off the screen than ever gets into the movie. As bad movies go, however, the American 'Black Rain' is easy to sit through, mostly because of the way Mr. Scott and his production associates capture the singular look of contemporary urban Japan." Roger Ebert gave the film two stars out of four and stated, "Even given all of its inconsistencies, implausibilities and recycled cliches, Black Rain might have been entertaining if

3901-529: The film's completion. Director Ridley Scott dedicated the film to his memory. Filming started on October 31, 1988, and ended in March 1989. Production was originally scheduled on October 15, but was delayed due to a Writers Guild of America strike. The high cost and red tape involved in filming in Japan prompted director Scott to declare that he would never film in that country again. In one instance, while filming in

3984-770: The film, followed by Nick Conklin riding over the Queensboro Bridge . The illegal bike race between Nick and an anonymous challenger took place from underneath the west underside of the Brooklyn Bridge north to the Manhattan Bridge . The house of the mob chief is Frank Lloyd Wright 's famous Ennis House , on the slopes below the Griffith Observatory . It had already been used by Scott as Rick Deckard 's apartment block in Blade Runner . FourFortyFour South Flower

4067-525: The filmmakers had found the right note for the material. But this is a designer movie, all look and no heart, and the Douglas character is curiously unsympathetic." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune awarded the same two-star grade and wrote, "The crosscultural action picture might have worked if the filmmakers had come up with a script in which Douglas' character had been rendered weak and confused by being

4150-415: The foreign jurisdiction's laws. California is the only state with a law that requires that the parties be represented by counsel if spousal support (alimony) is limited by the agreement. Instead of a complete waiver of the right to seek alimony, prenuptial agreements and post-nuptial agreements can also contain terms where the parties agree to a set amount of guaranteed alimony for the lower wage earner at

4233-411: The four merchants who dug the Nagahori-gawa canal. The bridge was named after its builder. As the popularity of Shinmachi to the north and the Dōtonbori theatre district to the south increased, so did the popularity of the shops lining the streets connected by the bridge, establishing the area as Osaka's main shopping district. The well-used wooden bridge required considerable maintenance and repairs by

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4316-490: The gusto of a sushi chef in a fish storm. Unfortunately and typically, he loses sight of his story in this artistic barrage of blood and guts. It's a gorgeous, erratic movie most definitely not for those with an aversion to cutlery." The film holds a 54% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 24 reviews with the consensus: " Black Rain has its fair share of Ridley Scott's directorial flair, but its paint-by-numbers story never rises above genre conventions." On Metacritic , it has

4399-589: The inclusion of individuals with a vested interest in reforming alimony on the Blue Ribbon Commission and that the NJSBA supported the "establishment of a commission [to study alimony reform] but only as long as the commission is constituted so that a fair and unbiased review of the current alimony laws takes place…[and] should not be predisposed to an outcome…." In 2023 Florida passed an alimony reform bill (SB 1416) which eliminated permanent alimony and established

4482-754: The lamps and part of the carved stone railing of the overpass were used for a sidewalk bridge above the mall. Water in the ceiling of the mall flows under the bridge. In 1973, to commemorate its 100th anniversary, the German-made iron bridge was reconstructed; it is now a pedestrian overpass in Tsurumi Ryokuchi Park. Black Rain (1989 American film) Black Rain is a 1989 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Ridley Scott and starring Michael Douglas , Andy García , Ken Takakura , Kate Capshaw , Yūsaku Matsuda and Tomisaburo Wakayama . The film focuses on two NYPD detectives who arrest

4565-629: The length of cohabitation and the greater the disparity between each party’s incomes, the larger an award of spousal support will be and the longer the duration will be. Although there is no set formula to determine the exact amount and duration of spousal support, there are guidelines, referred to as the Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines , which provides ranges for both. the Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines calculate ranges for support after taking into account

4648-412: The marriage continued, as ecclesiastical courts could only award a divorce a mensa et thoro , similar to a legal separation today. As divorce did not end the marriage, the husband's duty to support his wife remained intact. Liberalization of divorce laws occurred in the 19th century, but divorce was only possible in cases of marital misconduct. As a result, the requirement to pay alimony became linked to

4731-446: The marriage. The same "generally equal standard of living" applies also to post-divorce period in special cases, when the payee wasn't mostly responsible for the failure of marriage or did not agree with the divorce and the payee suffered serious harm due to the divorce and hadn't committed an act of domestic violence against the payer. In such case the payee may request alimony in amount providing "generally equal standard of living" for

4814-685: The marriage. English law was amended by legislation including the Married Women's Property Act 1870 and Married Women's Property Act 1882 which reformed women's property rights relating to marriage, by, for example, permitting divorced women to regain the property they owned before marriage. Alimony in India is governed by personal laws based on religion: Hindus : Governed by the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (Section 24 for pendente lite , Section 25 for permanent alimony). Christians : Governed by

4897-467: The modification or termination of alimony upon demonstration that the recipient is cohabitating with another person. In April 2009, the Governor of New Jersey, Jon Corzine , signed into law changes in the alimony statutes for his state which would bar alimony payments to parents who kill, abuse, or abandon their children. In divorces and separation agreements signed on December 31, 2018 and earlier, alimony

4980-469: The no-fault approach. According to the American Bar Association , marital fault is a "factor" in awarding alimony in 25 states and the District of Columbia. Permanent alimony has begun to fall out of favor because it encourages the alimony recipient to not remarry so that they will continue to receive money from their ex-spouse. However, many states still have permanent alimony awards. In

5063-422: The performances, Hans Zimmer 's musical score, direction and editing but criticized the screenwriting, clichéd story and lack of character development. In the years since, the film has become a cult film and has been widely praised. It was also a solid box office hit, grossing over $ 134 million worldwide in front of a production budget of $ 30 million and was nominated for Best Sound and Best Sound Editing at

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5146-540: The personal separation. The spouse who is not responsible for the separation has, in fact, the right to receive from the other "what is necessary for its maintenance" (Article 156 of the Italian Civil Code). In case of dissolution of the marriage, art. 5, paragraph 6, of Law 898/1970 provides for the obligation for a spouse to periodically provide the other with a check "when the latter does not have adequate means or in any case cannot obtain them for objective reasons",

5229-409: The podcast WTF with Marc Maron in November 2021, Scott called the film "f*cking great". Black Rain was first released in the U.S. on Blu-ray Special Collector's Edition in 2007 with six extra features including audio commentary by Scott, a two-part "Making of Black Rain " documentary, a 20-minute featurette about the script and cast and a 12-minute segment looking at the post-production. It

5312-437: The real police arrive. While explaining the incident, Nick and Charlie convince the Osaka prefectural police to allow them to observe the investigation on Sato's activities, with Assistant Inspector Masahiro Matsumoto accompanying the duo. At a nightclub, Nick meets Joyce, a nightclub hostess from Chicago who tells him Sato is fighting a gang war with a powerful oyabun named Kunio Sugai. The next day, Nick and Charlie join

5395-498: The relevant factors. Although the courts are not required to abide by the Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines , they are required to take them into account when deciding on the issue of spousal support. The length of the relationship will be taken into account when determining how long spousal support should be paid for. Awards for spousal support can be for a limited term or indefinite. While declaring bankruptcy does not absolve Canadians of obligations to pay alimony or child support,

5478-528: The requesting spouse can reasonably demonstrate that he/she has given the best effort in good faith to secure an independent income but failed, only then the case is taken into consideration. Furthermore, the amount of spousal support in Texas is limited to the lesser of $ 5,000 per month or 20% of the payee's gross income. In Delaware, spousal support is usually not awarded in marriages of less than 10 years. In Kansas, alimony awards cannot exceed 121 months. In Utah,

5561-399: The role of Sato, but instead turned it down as he felt audiences did not want to see him play such a villainous character. Harrison Ford and Kurt Russell were strongly considered for the role of Nick Conklin, before Douglas was cast due to his favorable relationship with producers Lansing and Jaffe. Japanese actor Yūsaku Matsuda , who played Sato, died of bladder cancer shortly after

5644-428: The script before offering it to producers Sherry Lansing and Stanley R. Jaffe , whom he worked with on the 1987 film Fatal Attraction . Director Paul Verhoeven was originally attached to direct, but, after a slow development process, left to helm Total Recall (1990). He would later collaborate with Douglas on the 1992 film Basic Instinct . Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan was originally approached to play

5727-595: The segment in Japan, it was shot in downtown Los Angeles . The now removed Shinsaibashi bridge (dismantled in 1995), Osaka Municipal Central Wholesale Market, Nippon Steel Works in Sakai , Kyōbashi , the elevated Hanshin Expressway , Osaka Castle and Nankō Port Town also feature briefly, as well as the Motomachi shopping district of neighboring Kobe . In New York City, the 1964 New York World's Fair 's Unisphere opens

5810-618: The similarly futuristic neon-infused Dōtonbori in Namba was chosen as the principal filming location in Japan. An aerial shot of Osaka bay at sunset with the estuaries of the Yodogawa , Kanzakigawa and Ajigawa rivers frames the opening sequence of the arrival into Japan. The main filming location in Osaka is by the Ebisubashi bridge. The futurist Kirin Plaza building (architect Shin Takamatsu , built 1987),

5893-755: The soundtrack, but featured in the film include the following: Black Rain was released in the United States on September 22, 1989. It was screened as the opening film at the 3rd Tokyo International Film Festival in October 1989 and shown as the Special Invitational Screening film, with Ken Takakura attending the event. It was later screened at the Golden Horse Film Festival in Taipei, where it won Best Foreign Film. In its opening weekend, Black Rain grossed US$ 9.6 million in 1,610 theaters in

5976-450: The time of divorce, or a cap/limit on the amount of alimony either party can seek in the event of a divorce. In the United States, family laws and precedents as they relate to divorce, community property and alimony vary based on state law. Also, with new family models, "working couples", "working wives", " stay-at-home dads ", etc., there are situations where some parties to a divorce question whether traditional economic allocations made in

6059-442: The townspeople who owned it. In 1873, the wooden bridge was replaced with a 37.1 metres-long and 5.2 metres-wide arched truss iron bridge that had been imported from Germany. The arched bridge was considered to be quite unusual, and became a popular topic of conversation amongst Osakans. In 1909, accompanying the construction of a street car along the Nagahori-dori road, the iron bridge was replaced with Osaka's first stone bridge. It

6142-467: The two is that common-law spouses must start an action claiming spousal support within one year of the breakdown of the relationship. A second important distinction is that only married couples may divorce under the federal Divorce Act , common-law spouses may only separate under provincial legislation, such as Ontario's Family Law Act or British Columbia's Family Relation's Act . No such limitation arises for married individuals. In addition to being in

6225-405: The wife's lodging, food, clothing, and other necessities after divorce) are also derived. The Code of Hammurabi (1754 BC) declares that a man must provide sustenance to a woman who has borne him children so that she can raise them: The above law only applies to women who had children with her husband. This fits more closely with the definition of child support in some jurisdictions. Alimony

6308-405: Was a Western-styled, elegant double arched bridge with a row of four-leafed clovers carved into the railings. At night the bridge was illuminated by eight gas lamps. The bridge was affectionately nicknamed "Eyeglasses bridge" by the townspeople because, with the reflection of its two stone arches in the water, it looked like a pair of glasses. In 1964, the Nagahori-gawa canal was reclaimed to become

6391-558: Was also used as a location. The climactic motorbike chase sequence was shot in the Napa Valley region of Northern California , partially on the grounds of the Domaine Chandon vineyard, and the Silverado Resort and Spa , which at the time was owned by Sega chairman Isao Okawa . The airport scene was shot at Los Angeles International Airport as a stand-in for Osaka International Airport . The Osaka steel mill scene, which

6474-579: Was conducted and orchestrated by Shirley Walker . In addition to the score, the soundtrack features the chart hits " The Way You Do the Things You Do " by UB40 and " Back to Life " by Soul II Soul , plus the original songs "Livin' on the Edge of the Night" by Iggy Pop and "I'll Be Holding On" by Gregg Allman . Japanese musician Ryuichi Sakamoto contributed the song "Laserman" to the soundtrack. The soundtrack

6557-525: Was first released in the UK in 2008. The same edition was re-released by Warner Bros. in 2013. Alimony Alimony , also called aliment (Scotland), maintenance (England, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Wales, Canada, New Zealand), spousal support (U.S., Canada) and spouse maintenance (Australia), is a legal obligation on a person to provide financial support to their spouse before or after marital separation or divorce . The obligation arises from

6640-682: Was left unfinished due to the crew's premature leave from Japan, was completed at California Steel Industries in Fontana , which was later used in Terminator 2: Judgment Day . Silvercup Studios in New York City served as the main studio location. Black Rain marked the first collaboration between Hans Zimmer and Ridley Scott. Zimmer would go on to score several more films for Scott, including Thelma and Louise , Hannibal , Gladiator , Black Hawk Down and Matchstick Men . The film's score

6723-573: Was originally released as a 7-track album in 1989 by Virgin Movie Music on cassette, vinyl and compact disc. It was re-released in 2012 by La-La Land Records as a two-disc set, with the complete score as Disc 1 and an extended version of the 1989 soundtrack as Disc 2. Black Rain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Black Rain: Music from the Motion Picture All tracks are written by Hans Zimmer, except where noted Songs not included in

6806-409: Was rarely awarded by courts. As husbands' incomes increased, and with it the possibility of paying alimony, the awarding of alimony increased, generally because a wife could show a need for ongoing financial support, and the husband had the ability to pay. No-fault divorce led to changes in alimony. Whereas spousal support was considered a right under the fault-based system, it became conditional under

6889-519: Was replaced by Jan de Bont . Atherton is credited with "Additional Photography." Large parts of Black Rain were filmed in Osaka , although some of the locations have changed somewhat since the late 1980s when production took place. The original intention of Scott was to film in the Kabukichō nightlife district of Shinjuku , Tokyo . However, the Osaka authorities were more receptive towards film permits so

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