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26-550: [REDACTED] Look up terminator in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Terminator may refer to: Science and technology [ edit ] Genetics [ edit ] Terminator (genetics) , the end of a gene for transcription Terminator technology , proposed methods for restricting the use of genetically modified plants by causing second generation seeds to be sterile Astronomy [ edit ] Terminator (solar) ,

52-471: A 1984 film by James Cameron that began the franchise Terminator: Dark Fate , a 2019 film Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles , a 2008 TV series Terminator (character) , a Terminator cyborg portrayed by Arnold Schwarzenegger Terminator (character concept) , a fictional class of autonomous killer robots in the franchise The Terminators (film) , a 2009 mockbuster distributed by The Asylum Terminator, an elimination gameplay element in

78-550: A 20 basepair GC-rich region of dyad symmetry followed by a short poly-A tract or "A stretch" which is transcribed to form the terminating hairpin and a 7–9 nucleotide "U tract" respectively. The mechanism of termination is hypothesized to occur through a combination of direct promotion of dissociation through allosteric effects of hairpin binding interactions with the RNA polymerase and "competitive kinetics". The hairpin formation causes RNA polymerase stalling and destabilization, leading to

104-1187: A DC comic book supervillain Terminator (Marvel Comics) , a Space Knight character in Marvel Comics Many works based on the 1984 franchise; see List of Terminator comics Other entertainment [ edit ] Nikki Terminator , robot assistant of magician Rudy Coby Terminator, a moving city at the edge of light and dark in the planet Mercury, in Kim Stanley Robinson 's novels and short stories People [ edit ] The Terminator (wrestler) (born 1964), American professional wrestler Arbi Barayev (born 1974–2001), Chechen warlord Niels Feijen , (born 1977), Dutch pool player Bosco Ntaganda (born c. 1973), Congolese militia leader and war criminal Anatoly Onoprienko (1959–2013), Ukrainian serial killer Tom Henke , an American baseball player Jeff Reardon , an American baseball player Ariarne Titmus (born 2000), Australian swimmer Hermann Maier (born 1972), nicknamed "Herminator" Other uses [ edit ] Terminator,

130-482: A cryptonym for the 2003-2004 Ford Mustang SVT Cobra pony car Nike Terminator , a high-top shoe by Nike See also [ edit ] Terminaator , Estonian band Terminonatator , a plesiosaur genus Termination (disambiguation) Terminatrix (disambiguation) Terminus (disambiguation) Exterminator (disambiguation) All pages with titles beginning with Terminator All pages with titles containing Terminator Topics referred to by

156-441: A greater likelihood that dissociation of the complex will occur at that location due to increased time spent paused at that site and reduced stability of the complex. Additionally, the elongation protein factor NusA interacts with the RNA polymerase and the hairpin structure to stimulate transcriptional termination. In eukaryotic transcription of mRNAs, terminator signals are recognized by protein factors that are associated with

182-649: A means of regulation such as that observed in transcriptional attenuation , and to ensure the termination of runaway transcriptional complexes that manage to escape earlier terminators by chance, which prevents unnecessary energy expenditure for the cell. Rho-dependent transcription terminators require a large protein called a Rho factor which exhibits RNA helicase activity to disrupt the mRNA-DNA-RNA polymerase transcriptional complex. Rho-dependent terminators are found in bacteria and phages . The Rho-dependent terminator occurs downstream of translational stop codons and consists of an unstructured, cytosine-rich sequence on

208-468: A moving line that separates the illuminated side and the dark side of a planetary body The lunar terminator , specifically Electronics and computers [ edit ] Terminator (electrical) , a resistor at the end of a transmission line to prevent signal reflection Microsoft Terminator , a program analyzer research project Terminator (terminal emulator) , a cross-platform GPL terminal emulator Statement terminator , used to demarcate

234-530: A tsp site. Contact between Rho and the RNA polymerase complex stimulates dissociation of the transcriptional complex through a mechanism involving allosteric effects of Rho on RNA polymerase. Intrinsic transcription terminators or Rho-independent terminators require the formation of a self-annealing hairpin structure on the elongating transcript, which results in the disruption of the mRNA-DNA-RNA polymerase ternary complex . The terminator sequence in DNA contains

260-422: Is a modified guanine added to the front of mRNA, which prevents the exonuclease from binding and degrading the RNA strand. A 3' poly(A) tail is added to the end of a mRNA strand for protection from other exonucleases as well. The allosteric model suggests that termination occurs due to the structural change of the RNA polymerase unit after binding to or losing some of its associated proteins, making it detach from

286-459: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Terminator (genetics) Two classes of transcription terminators, Rho-dependent and Rho-independent, have been identified throughout prokaryotic genomes. These widely distributed sequences are responsible for triggering the end of transcription upon normal completion of gene or operon transcription, mediating early termination of transcripts as

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312-610: Is featured in MTV television series Celebrity Deathmatch . Sevendust celebrated the 20th anniversary of the release of the album by performing the record in its entirety at a special hometown show on March 17, 2017, at the Masquerade in Atlanta, Georgia. The album appeared on the Billboard 200 , remained there for sixteen weeks, and peaked at No. 165 on April 4, 1998. It was certified gold by

338-588: Is stopped by TTF1 (yeast Nsi1), which recognizes a downstream DNA sequence; the endonuclease is XRN2 (yeast Rat1). Pol III is able to terminate on its on on a stretch of As on the template strand. Finally, Pol II also have poly(A)-independent modes of termination, which is required when it transcribes snRNA and snoRNA genes in yeast. The yeast protein Nrd1 is responsible. Some human mechanism, possibly PCF11 , seems to cause premature termination when pol II transcribes HIV genes. Sevendust (album) Sevendust

364-527: Is the debut studio album by American rock band Sevendust , released on April 15, 1997, through TVT Records . The Japan reissue has live versions of the songs "Bitch" and "Prayer" as ending bonus tracks. "My Ruin" appeared on the Mortal Kombat: More Kombat album, credited under the band's original name, Crawlspace. "Too Close to Hate" appeared on the Masterminds album. The song "Terminator"

390-465: The RNA polymerase II and which trigger the termination process. The genome encodes one or more polyadenylation signals . Once the signals are transcribed into the mRNA, the proteins cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) and cleavage stimulation factor (CstF) transfer from the carboxyl terminal domain of RNA polymerase II to the poly-A signal. These two factors then recruit other proteins to

416-534: The 1984 film "Terminator" (1988), song by metal band Powermad "Terminator" (1992 track), darkcore track by Goldie "Terminator" (1997), song by Sevendust from the album Sevendust Games [ edit ] Terminator ( Warhammer 40,000 ) , a type of Space Marine in the Warhammer 40,000 setting Many video games based on the 1984 franchise; see List of Terminator video games Comics [ edit ] Terminator (DC Comics) or Deathstroke,

442-537: The DNA strand after the signal. This would occur after the RNA pol II unit has transcribed the poly-A signal sequence, which acts as a terminator signal. RNA polymerase is normally capable of transcribing DNA into single-stranded mRNA efficiently. However, upon transcribing over the poly-A signals on the DNA template, a conformational shift is induced in the RNA polymerase from the proposed loss of associated proteins from its carboxyl terminal domain . This change of conformation reduces RNA polymerase's processivity making

468-506: The RNA), moving towards the bound RNA polymerase II. This exonuclease is XRN2 (5'-3' Exoribonuclease 2) in humans. This model proposes that XRN2 proceeds to degrade the uncapped residual RNA from 5' to 3' until it reaches the RNA pol II unit. This causes the exonuclease to 'push off' the RNA pol II unit as it moves past it, terminating the transcription while also cleaning up the residual RNA strand. Similar to Rho-dependent termination, XRN2 triggers

494-399: The dissociation of RNA polymerase II by either pushing the polymerase off of the DNA template or pulling the template out of the RNA polymerase. The mechanism by which this happens remains unclear, however, and has been challenged not to be the sole cause of the dissociation. In order to protect the transcribed mRNA from degradation by the exonuclease, a 5' cap is added to the strand. This

520-500: The end of an individual statement in a programming language Military [ edit ] BMPT Ob'yekt 199 Ramka, armoured tracked vehicle, designed for tanks support, often nicknamed "Terminator" Sukhoi Su-37 Air Superiority Fighter, also called the "Terminator". Entertainment [ edit ] Films and television [ edit ] Terminator (franchise) , a series of science fiction films and derivative works, starring Arnold Schwarzenegger The Terminator ,

546-420: The enzyme more prone to dissociating from its DNA-RNA substrate. In this case, termination is not completed by degradation of mRNA but instead is mediated by limiting the elongation efficiency of RNA polymerase and thus increasing the likelihood that the polymerase will dissociate and end its current cycle of transcription. The several RNA polymerases in eukaryotes each have their own means of termination. Pol I

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572-432: The game show Greed Literature [ edit ] The Terminators , a 1971 novel by Berkely Mather The Terminators (novel) , a 1975 Matt Helm novel by Donald Hamilton The Terminator , a novelization of the 1984 film by Shaun Hutson The Terminator , another novelization of the 1984 film by Randall Frakes and William Wisher Jr. Music [ edit ] The Terminator (soundtrack) , for

598-454: The mRNA known as a Rho utilization site ( rut ), and a downstream transcription stop point ( tsp ). The rut serves as a mRNA loading site and as an activator for Rho; activation enables Rho to efficiently hydrolyze ATP and translocate down the mRNA while it maintains contact with the rut site. Rho is able to catch up with the RNA polymerase because it is being stalled at the downstream tsp sites. Multiple different sequences can function as

624-417: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Terminator . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terminator&oldid=1244968431 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

650-455: The site to cleave the transcript, freeing the mRNA from the transcription complex, and add a string of about 200 A-repeats to the 3' end of the mRNA in a process known as polyadenylation . During these processing steps, the RNA polymerase continues to transcribe for several hundred to a few thousand bases and eventually dissociates from the DNA and downstream transcript through an unclear mechanism; there are two basic models for this event known as

676-414: The torpedo and allosteric models. After the mRNA is completed and cleaved off at the poly-A signal sequence, the left-over (residual) RNA strand remains bound to the DNA template and the RNA polymerase II unit, continuing to be transcribed. After this cleavage, a so-called exonuclease binds to the residual RNA strand and removes the freshly transcribed nucleotides one at a time (also called 'degrading'

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