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78-852: Schelling is a surname. Notable persons with that name include: Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775–1854), German philosopher Caroline Schelling (1763–1809), German intellectual and wife of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling Felix Emanuel Schelling (1858–1945), American educator Ernest Schelling (1876–1939), American composer Erich Schelling (1904–1986), German architect Thomas Schelling (1921–2016), American economist Andrew Schelling (born 1953), American poet and translator Hans Jörg Schelling (born 1953) Austrian entrepreneur Hans Schelling (1954–2008), Dutch sailor Florence Schelling (born 1989), Swiss ice hockey goaltender Patrick Schelling (born 1990), Swiss cyclist Other uses [ edit ] Schelling, Dutch name for

156-566: A vocational college plus the Karl-Georg-Haldenwang-Schule for the disabled. Leonberg is also home to an Evangelical College for Care Workers. Leonberg's famous horse market takes place every year in February. The traditional fair is staged in the old town centring on the old market square. The first horse market was arranged with the permission of Duke Frederick Charles on 15 February 1684. A ceremonial procession marches through

234-608: A Philosophy of Nature , 1797), and the treatise Von der Weltseele ( On the World-Soul , 1798). In Ideen Schelling referred to Leibniz and quoted from his Monadology . He held Leibniz in high regard because of his view of nature during his natural philosophy period. In 1800, Schelling published System des transcendentalen Idealismus ( System of Transcendental Idealism ). In this book Schelling described transcendental philosophy and nature philosophy as complementary to one another. Fichte reacted by stating that Schelling's argument

312-657: A chance to attend lectures at Leipzig University , where he was fascinated by contemporary physical studies including chemistry and biology. He also visited Dresden , where he saw collections of the Elector of Saxony , to which he referred later in his thinking on art. On a personal level, this Dresden visit of six weeks from August 1797 saw Schelling meet the brothers August Wilhelm Schlegel and Karl Friedrich Schlegel and his future wife Caroline (then married to August Wilhelm), and Novalis . After two years tutoring, in October 1798, at

390-608: A partisan of Hegel, attended to "shield the great man's grave from abuse"). The opening lecture of his course was attended by a large and appreciative audience. The enmity of his old foe, H. E. G. Paulus , sharpened by Schelling's success, led to surreptitious publication of a verbatim report of the lectures on the philosophy of revelation. Schelling did not succeed in obtaining legal condemnation and suppression of this piracy and he stopped delivering public lectures in 1845. In 1793, Schelling contributed to Heinrich Eberhard Gottlob Paulus 's periodical Memorabilien . His 1795 dissertation

468-775: A precursor of Sigmund Freud 's Interpretation of Dreams (1899). The Catholic Tübingen school , a group of Roman Catholic theologians at the University of Tübingen in the nineteenth century, was greatly influenced by Schelling and attempted to reconcile his philosophy of revelation with Catholic theology. Up to 1950, Schelling was almost a forgotten philosopher even in Germany. In the 1910s and 1920s, philosophers of neo-Kantianism and neo-Hegelianism, like Wilhelm Windelband or Richard Kroner , tended to describe Schelling as an episode connecting Fichte and Hegel. His late period tended to be ignored, and his philosophies of nature and of art in

546-460: A single nave overlooked by rib vaulting and a retracted chancel . The tower is adorned by late Gothic acoustic windows and a polygonal spire. Other sights include: Leonberg once fell into the bishopric of Speyer and was part of an area governed by archdeacon St. Trinitatis. As an early member of Württemberg, in 1535, Duke Ulrich introduced the Reformation . For many centuries, Leonberg

624-514: A time, to study the Brunonian system of medicine (the theory of John Brown ) with Adalbert Friedrich Marcus  [ de ] and Andreas Röschlaub . From September 1803 until April 1806 Schelling was professor at the new University of Würzburg . This period was marked by considerable flux in his views and by a final breach with Fichte and Hegel. In Würzburg, a conservative Catholic city, Schelling found many enemies among his colleagues and in

702-582: Is a New Apostolic Church . Since the latest round of local elections in June 2004, the district council has had 34 seats distributed as: The distribution of the seats among the various parties and groups since the election of June 2009 looks like this, changes over 2004 in brackets: A head of local administration - an executive official called the Schultheiss - was first appointed in Leonberg in 1304. In 1425, this

780-615: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling ( German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈjoːzɛf ˈʃɛlɪŋ] ; 27 January 1775 – 20 August 1854), later (after 1812) von Schelling , was a German philosopher. Standard histories of philosophy make him the midpoint in the development of German idealism , situating him between Johann Gottlieb Fichte , his mentor in his early years, and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , his one-time university roommate, early friend, and later rival. Interpreting Schelling's philosophy

858-574: Is most famous for its picturesque market square, the centuries-old annual horse market , its past role as the seat of one of Württemberg's first parliaments , and the Pomeranzen Garden – Germany's only remaining terraced garden , which dates back to the late Renaissance . Leonberg lies on the east bank of the Glems River on the lower slopes of a prominent hill known locally as Engelberg (literally: "Angel Hill"). The Glems flows into Leonberg from

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936-455: Is possible that it was the overpowering strength and influence of the Hegelian system that constrained Schelling, for it was only in 1834, after the death of Hegel, that, in a preface to a translation by Hubert Beckers of a work by Victor Cousin , he gave public utterance to the antagonism in which he stood to the Hegelian, and to his own earlier, conception of philosophy. The antagonism certainly

1014-602: Is regarded as difficult because of its evolving nature. Schelling's thought in the main has been neglected, especially in the English-speaking world . An important factor in this was the ascendancy of Hegel, whose mature works portray Schelling as a mere footnote in the development of idealism. Schelling's Naturphilosophie also has been attacked by scientists for its tendency to analogize and lack of empirical orientation. However, some later philosophers have shown interest in re-examining Schelling's body of work. Schelling

1092-593: Is still studied, although his reputation has varied over time. His work impressed the English romantic poet and critic Samuel Taylor Coleridge , who introduced his ideas into English-speaking culture, sometimes without full acknowledgment, as in the Biographia Literaria . Coleridge's critical work was influential, and it was he who introduced into English literature Schelling's concept of the unconscious . Schelling's System of Transcendental Idealism has been seen as

1170-540: Is the old Town Hall ( Rathaus ), which, with the water tower on Engelberg Hill, is considered a defining feature of Leonberg. The birth house of Schelling and the huge Zum Schwarzen Adler guesthouse - the first documented seat of parliament of the County of Württemberg - are also key features of the old town. Further attractions include the Evangelical Church ( Stadtkirche ) with its Roman and Gothic architecture and

1248-612: The German word for " bitter orange ", the garden originally dates back to the height of the Renaissance . It was planted in 1609 next to the palace ( Schloss ) as a retreat for widows of the Württemberg duchy. In 1742, it was converted into a fruit and vegetable garden until it was restored in 1980 using Heinrich Schickhardt's original plans. The Michaelskirche in Eltingen was built in 1487 with

1326-501: The Kritisches Journal der Philosophie ( Critical Journal of Philosophy ) as co-editors, publishing papers on the philosophy of nature, but Schelling was too busy to stay involved with the editing and the magazine was mainly Hegel's publication, espousing a thought different from Schelling's. The magazine ceased publication in the spring of 1803 when Schelling moved from Jena to Würzburg . After Jena, Schelling went to Bamberg for

1404-526: The Leonberger dog breed was first successfully registered and named after the town. After the rise of the Nazis in 1933, several bloody street battles were fought between stormtrooper ( Sturmabteilung ) followers, mostly backed by residents from Leonberg, who attacked supporters of the German communist party , mainly residents in Eltingen. In 1938, Eltingen – a staunchly proletarian community of small landowners -

1482-643: The Pauline letters ) under Gottlob Christian Storr . Meanwhile, he had begun to study Kant and Fichte , who influenced him greatly. Representative of Schelling´s early period is also a discourse between him and the philosophical writer Jacob Hermann Obereit  [ de ] , who was Fichte´s housemate at that time, in letters and in Fichte´s Journal (1796/97) on interaction , the pragmatic and Leibniz . In 1797, while tutoring two youths of an aristocratic family, he visited Leipzig as their escort and had

1560-452: The University of Erlangen (1820–1827). In 1809 Caroline died, just before he published Freiheitsschrift ( Freedom Essay ) the last book published during his life. Three years later, Schelling married one of her closest friends, Pauline Gotter , in whom he found a faithful companion. During the long stay in Munich (1806–1841) Schelling's literary activity came gradually to a standstill. It

1638-754: The shilling Schelling, old name of the Dutch island of Terschelling Schelling-Salon , building in Bavaria [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Schelling . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schelling&oldid=1148972807 " Categories : Surnames German-language surnames Dutch-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

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1716-402: The 1790s and first decade of the 19th century were the main focus. In this context Kuno Fischer characterized Schelling's early philosophy as "aesthetic idealism", focusing on the argument where he ranked art as "the sole document and the eternal organ of philosophy" ( das einzige wahre und ewige Organon zugleich und Dokument der Philosophie ). From socialist philosophers like György Lukács , he

1794-505: The 1804 work Philosophie und Religion ( Philosophy and Religion ). However, in a change from the Jena period, evil is not an appearance coming from quantitative differences between the real and the ideal, but is something substantial. This work clearly paraphrased Kant's distinction between intelligible and empirical character. Schelling himself called freedom "a capacity for good and evil". The 1815 essay Ueber die Gottheiten zu Samothrake ("On

1872-479: The 1840s. Schulz presented Schelling as the person who resolved the philosophical problems which Hegel had left incomplete, in contrast to the contemporary idea that Schelling had been surpassed by Hegel much earlier. Theologian Paul Tillich wrote: "what I learned from Schelling became determinative of my own philosophical and theological development". Maurice Merleau-Ponty likened his own project of natural ontology to Schelling's in his 1957–58 Course on Nature. In

1950-541: The 1970s, nature was again of interest to philosophers in relation to environmental issues. Schelling's philosophy of nature, particularly his intention to construct a program which covers both nature and the intellectual life in a single system and method, and restore nature as a central theme of philosophy, has been reevaluated in the contemporary context. His influence and relation to the German art scene, particularly to Romantic literature and visual art, has been an interest since

2028-594: The Divinities of Samothrace ") was ostensibly a part of a larger work, Weltalter ("The Ages of the World"), frequently announced as ready for publication, but of which little was ever written. Schelling planned Weltalter as a book in three parts, describing the past, present, and future of the world; however, he began only the first part, rewriting it several times and at last keeping it unpublished. The other two parts were left only in planning. Christopher John Murray describes

2106-594: The Ehrenberg slopes along the Glems river. Leonberg is connected to the German motorway system ( Autobahn ) by the nearby A8 going from west to east ( Karlsruhe to Stuttgart , Ulm , München ) and eventually Salzburg in Austria and beyond), as well as the A81 going north to south ( Würzburg to Stuttgart and Singen ). The two motorways meet at the Leonberg intersection, which lies to

2184-641: The I as Principle of Philosophy, or on the Unconditioned in Human Knowledge , 1795), while still remaining within the limits of the Fichtean idealism, showed a tendency to give the Fichtean method a more objective application, and to amalgamate Spinoza 's views with it. He contributed articles and reviews to the Philosophisches Journal of Fichte and Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer , and threw himself into

2262-567: The Scripture of the Divine Things of Mr. Jacobi") was a response to an attack by Jacobi (the two accused each other of atheism ). A work of significance is the 1809 Philosophische Untersuchungen über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit und die damit zusammenhängenden Gegenstände ( Philosophical Inquiries into the Essence of Human Freedom ), which elaborates, with increasing mysticism , on ideas in

2340-478: The Spitalhof stages musicals, plays, amateur theatre, concerts and children's events with regular visits from touring theatres also performing in the town auditorium (Stadthalle). The Traumpalast cinema hall in Leonberg has the world's largest IMAX screen measuring 38×22m. Music societies have a strong tradition in Leonberg with the oldest society, 'Lyra Eltingen', dating back to 1897. The Leonberg symphony orchestra

2418-559: The absolute was the indifference to identity, which he considered to be an essential philosophical subject. The "Aphorismen über die Naturphilosophie" ("Aphorisms on Nature Philosophy"), published in the Jahrbücher der Medicin als Wissenschaft (1805–1808), are for the most part extracts from the Würzburg lectures, and the Denkmal der Schrift von den göttlichen Dingen des Herrn Jacobi ("Monument to

Schelling - Misplaced Pages Continue

2496-992: The age of 15, he was granted permission to enroll at the Tübinger Stift (seminary of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg ), despite not having yet reached the normal enrollment age of 20. At the Stift, he shared a room with Hegel as well as Hölderlin, and the three became good friends. Schelling studied the Church fathers and ancient Greek philosophers . His interest gradually shifted from Lutheran theology to philosophy . In 1792, he graduated with his master's thesis , titled Antiquissimi de prima malorum humanorum origine philosophematis Genes. III. explicandi tentamen criticum et philosophicum , and in 1795 he finished his doctoral thesis , titled De Marcione Paulinarum epistolarum emendatore ( On Marcion as emendator of

2574-566: The age of 23, Schelling was called to University of Jena as an extraordinary (i.e., unpaid) professor of philosophy. His time at Jena (1798–1803) put Schelling at the centre of the intellectual ferment of Romanticism . He was on close terms with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , who appreciated the poetic quality of the Naturphilosophie , reading Von der Weltseele . As the prime minister of the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar , Goethe invited Schelling to Jena. On

2652-466: The apparent results of Hegel's teaching. The appearance of critical writings by David Friedrich Strauss , Ludwig Feuerbach , and Bruno Bauer , and the disunion in the Hegelian school itself, expressed a growing alienation from the then dominant philosophy. In Berlin, the headquarters of the Hegelians, this found expression in attempts to obtain officially from Schelling a treatment of the new system that he

2730-491: The brow of the hill was chosen as a defence from enemies to the west, the towns of Markgröningen , Weil der Stadt , and the counts in Tübingen and Calw . At the time, the town was surrounded by stone fortifications with the count's castle in the southwest. A moat stood to the east, leading to two gates complete with towers and a swing bridge. The gates and almost all of the walls were demolished in and after 1814/1815, leaving only

2808-559: The coat of arms still on display in the Altes Rathaus (old town hall)). The moat was filled in 1786. The only surviving building from the old town fortifications was the "Stonehouse" near the uppermost tower, probably because it was the only one used for housing and was not destroyed by the great fire of 1498. Today, it has become the Schwarzer Adler guesthouse and is a defining feature of the old town. According to an analysis in 1999,

2886-574: The districts of Höfingen and Silberberg (stop name: Rutesheim). Several bus lines belonging to local and Stuttgart networks ( VVS ) also travel through or terminate in Leonberg. Leonberg has been a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) since March 2008, following the suit of other German cities. This affects all vehicles entering the borough of Leonberg "Environmental zone" ( Umweltzone ), including vehicles from abroad. All types of schools common to Germany are found in Leonberg: The district of Böblingen funds

2964-415: The doctors called to the scene assured everyone involved that Auguste's disease was inevitably fatal. Auguste's death drew Schelling and Caroline closer. Schlegel had moved to Berlin, and a divorce was arranged with Goethe's help. Schelling's time at Jena came to an end, and on 2 June 1803 he and Caroline were married away from Jena. Their marriage ceremony was the last occasion Schelling met his school friend

3042-469: The first communities in Germany to switch its office systems to Linux and start using freeware . The population figures are estimates, census results (¹) or official updates of the respective statistical offices (only primary residences). ¹ Census results The old town dates back to the Middle Ages and includes a historical market square lined by restored half-timbered houses. Standing among them

3120-464: The former Latin school (which was attended by the astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler ). The old Latin school now houses the town museum and Schelling Memorial Chapel. The town park contains a variety of modern sculptures. On the eastern outskirts of Leonberg is the Engelberg Tunnel. Leonberg's Pomeranzen Garden ( Pomeranzengarten ) is Germany's only remaining terraced garden. Named after

3198-415: The full assent of the Leonberg judiciary and the local community. One of the most famous Württemberg witch trials in Leonberg took place in 1615 and involved Katharina Kepler , mother of the royal astronomer Johannes Kepler . Kepler's mother was nearly tortured to death in the cellars of the "Stonehouse" before being transferred to Güglingen, where she was subsequently released in October 1620. In 1846,

Schelling - Misplaced Pages Continue

3276-675: The government. He moved then to Munich in 1806, where he found a position as a state official, first as associate of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities and secretary of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts , afterwards as secretary of the Philosophische Klasse (philosophical section) of the Academy of Sciences. 1806 was also the year Schelling published a book in which he criticized Fichte openly by name. In 1807 Schelling received

3354-442: The late 1960s, from Philipp Otto Runge to Gerhard Richter and Joseph Beuys . This interest has been revived in recent years through the work of the environmental philosopher Arran Gare who has identified a tradition of Schellingian science overcoming the opposition between science and the humanities, and offering the basis for an understanding of ecological science and ecological philosophy. In relation to psychology, Schelling

3432-689: The late 19th century with the first parish set up in 1946 shortly followed by St. Johannes Baptista church in 1950. Today, the Catholic community belongs to the deanery of Böblingen within the bishopric of Rottenburg-Stuttgart . Apart from the two main German religions, "free churches" such as the United Methodist Church ( Pauluskirche ), the Seventh-day Adventist Church , and the Immanuel Community of Leonberg also are present, as

3510-489: The manuscript of Hegel's Phaenomenologie des Geistes ( Phenomenology of the Spirit or Mind ), which Hegel had sent to him, asking Schelling to write the foreword. Surprised to find critical remarks directed at his own philosophical theory, Schelling wrote back, asking Hegel to clarify whether he had intended to mock Schelling's followers who lacked a true understanding of his thought, or Schelling himself. Hegel never replied. In

3588-409: The mystics, and finally, major Greek thinkers with their Neoplatonic , Gnostic , and Scholastic commentators, give colouring to particular works. In Schelling's own view, his philosophy fell into three stages. These were: The function of Schelling's Naturphilosophie is to exhibit the ideal as springing from the real. The change which experience brings before us leads to the conception of duality,

3666-532: The north): Ditzingen and Gerlingen (districts of Ludwigsburg ), Stuttgart , and then the Böblingen rural districts of Magstadt , Renningen , and Rutesheim . Leonberg merged with the neighbouring town of Eltingen in 1938, which now flows seamlessly into the former old town. Administrative reforms in 1975 also resulted in the districts of Gebersheim, Höfingen, and Warmbronn becoming part of Leonberg. Central Leonberg encompasses Silberberg, Ramtel, Gartenstadt, and

3744-426: The old town on the second Tuesday of the month to mark the occasion. The horse market attracts huge crowds and is so important to local tradition that civil servants are granted half a day's leave to attend. Schools in Leonberg are closed for the whole day. In modern times, the scope of the fair has been expanded to include sports, seminars on horseriding and breeding, an amusement fair and a flea market. The theatre in

3822-707: The other hand, Schelling was unsympathetic to the ethical idealism that animated the work of Friedrich Schiller , the other pillar of Weimar Classicism . Later, in Schelling's Vorlesung über die Philosophie der Kunst ( Lecture on the Philosophy of Art , 1802/03), Schiller's theory on the sublime was closely reviewed. In Jena, Schelling was on good terms with Fichte at first, but their different conceptions, about nature in particular, led to increasing divergence. Fichte advised him to focus on transcendental philosophy: specifically, Fichte's own Wissenschaftlehre . But Schelling, who

3900-636: The poet Friedrich Hölderlin , who was already mentally ill at that time. In his Jena period, Schelling had a closer relationship with Hegel again. With Schelling's help, Hegel became a private lecturer ( Privatdozent ) at Jena University . Hegel wrote a book titled Differenz des Fichte'schen und Schelling'schen Systems der Philosophie ( Difference between Fichte's and Schelling's Systems of Philosophy , 1801), and supported Schelling's position against his idealistic predecessors, Fichte and Karl Leonhard Reinhold . Beginning in January 1802, Hegel and Schelling published

3978-478: The polar opposition through which nature expresses itself. The dynamic series of stages in nature are matter as the equilibrium of the fundamental expansive and contractive forces, light (with its subordinate processes of magnetism, electricity, and chemical action) and organism (with its component phases of reproduction, irritability and sensibility). Schelling initially adopted the concept of self-organization as Kant had developed it in his Critique of Judgment for

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4056-520: The real exists as a lack within the ideal and not as reflective of the ideal itself. The three universal ages – distinct only to us but not in the eternal God – therefore comprise a beginning where the principle of God before God is divine will striving for being, the present age, which is still part of this growth and hence a mediated fulfillment, and a finality where God is consciously and consummately Himself to Himself. No authentic information on Schelling's new positive philosophy ( positive Philosophie )

4134-431: The reproduction of organisms. However, Schelling extended this concept by the aspect of the original emergence of life as well as the emergence of new species and genera. He intended it to be a comprehensive theory of natural history that bears similarities to modern theories of self-organization. Some scholars characterize Schelling as a protean thinker who, although brilliant, jumped from one subject to another and lacked

4212-470: The residential neighbourhoods of Eichenhof, Glemseck, Hinter Ehrenberg, Mahdental, and Rappenhof. The district of Höfingen also includes the residential neighbourhoods of Tilgshäusleshof and Wannenhof. Although incorporated into Leonberg in 1975, Gebersheim, Höfingen, and Warmbronn are separate constituencies in local elections . The town of Levinberch was founded by Ulrich I, Count of Württemberg in 1248, where Leonberg still stands today. The position on

4290-575: The same year, Schelling gave a speech about the relation between the visual arts and nature at the Academy of Fine Arts; Hegel wrote a severe criticism of it to one of his friends. After that, they criticized each other in lecture rooms and in books publicly until the end of their lives. Without resigning his official position in Munich, he lectured for a short time in Stuttgart ( Stuttgarter Privatvorlesungen [Stuttgart private lectures], 1810), and seven years at

4368-577: The south of the town. The nearest motorway junctions are called Leonberg-Ost (Leonberg East) and Leonberg-West (Leonberg West), the latter having been newly constructed and opened in September 2009. Leonberg is served by the local transport network of Stuttgart and nearby towns, including (since 1978) line S6 of the Stuttgart S-Bahn running from Weil der Stadt via Leonberg to Stuttgart city centre. As well as Leonberg station , there are S-Bahn stops in

4446-424: The southeast before turning northwest until it reaches the district of Eltingen. Here, it turns northeast into the western part of the old town, carving its way along the valley to the district of Höfingen before flowing northeast towards Ditzingen . The northern districts of Höfingen and Gebersheim belong to Strohgäu for administrative purposes. Leonberg is surrounded by these communities ( clockwise , starting from

4524-723: The study of physical and medical science. In 1795 Schelling published Philosophische Briefe über Dogmatismus und Kritizismus ( Philosophical Letters on Dogmatism and Criticism ), consisting of 10 letters addressed to an unknown interlocutor that presented both a defense and critique of the Kantian system. Between 1796/97, there was written a seminal manuscript now known as the Das älteste Systemprogramm des deutschen Idealismus (" The Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism "). It survives in Hegel's handwriting. First published in 1916 by Franz Rosenzweig , it

4602-460: The synthesizing power needed to arrive at a complete philosophical system. Others challenge the notion that Schelling's thought is marked by profound breaks, instead arguing that his philosophy always focused on a few common themes, especially human freedom, the absolute, and the relationship between spirit and nature. Unlike Hegel, Schelling did not believe that the absolute could be known in its true character through rational inquiry alone. Schelling

4680-628: The uniqueness and relevance of his thought, the interest shifting toward his later work on the origin of existence. Schelling was the subject of Jürgen Habermas 's 1954 dissertation. In 1955, Jaspers published Schelling , representing him as a forerunner of the existentialists and Walter Schulz , one of organizers of the 1954 conference, published "Die Vollendung des Deutschen Idealismus in der Spätphilosophie Schellings" ("The Perfection of German Idealism in Schelling's Late Philosophy") claiming that Schelling had made German idealism complete with his late philosophy, particularly with his Berlin lectures in

4758-604: The wooden-timber gabled roof on top of the Schwarzer Adler was built in the 15th century. Three stories high, it is one of southern Germany's largest and oldest original timber-gable roofs. A great fire swept through the town in 1498, destroying 46 houses and making around 200 people homeless. Most of the homeless left the town. During the Holy Roman Empire , Leonberg fell under the jurisdiction of Esslingen before finally becoming part of Württemberg in 1383, when it first gained administrative rights. The population of Leonberg

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4836-451: The work as follows: Building on the premise that philosophy cannot ultimately explain existence, he merges the earlier philosophies of Nature and identity with his newfound belief in a fundamental conflict between a dark unconscious principle and a conscious principle in God. God makes the universe intelligible by relating to the ground of the real but, insofar as nature is not complete intelligence,

4914-634: Was De Marcione Paullinarum epistolarum emendatore ( On Marcion as emendator of the Pauline letters ). In 1794, Schelling published an exposition of Fichte's thought entitled Ueber die Möglichkeit einer Form der Philosophie überhaupt ( On the Possibility of a Form of Philosophy in General ). This work was acknowledged by Fichte himself and immediately earned Schelling a reputation among philosophers. His more elaborate work, Vom Ich als Prinzip der Philosophie, oder über das Unbedingte im menschlichen Wissen ( On

4992-518: Was attributed to Schelling. It has also been claimed that Hegel or Hölderlin was the author. In 1797, Schelling published the essay Neue Deduction des Naturrechts ("New Deduction of Natural Law"), which anticipated Fichte's treatment of the topic in Grundlage des Naturrechts ( Foundations of Natural Law ). His studies of physical science bore fruit in Ideen zu einer Philosophie der Natur ( Ideas Concerning

5070-411: Was available until after his death at Bad Ragatz , on 20 August 1854. His sons then issued four volumes of his Berlin lectures: vol. i. Introduction to the Philosophy of Mythology (1856); ii. Philosophy of Mythology (1857); iii. and iv. Philosophy of Revelation (1858). Schelling, at all stages of his thought, called to his aid outward forms of some other system. Fichte, Spinoza, Jakob Boehme and

5148-593: Was becoming the acknowledged leader of the Romantic school, rejected Fichte's thought as cold and abstract. Schelling was especially close to August Wilhelm Schlegel and his wife, Caroline . A marriage between Schelling and Caroline's young daughter, Auguste Böhmer, was contemplated by both. Auguste died of dysentery in 1800, prompting many to blame Schelling, who had overseen her treatment. Robert Richards, however, argues in his book The Romantic Conception of Life that Schelling's interventions were most likely irrelevant, as

5226-617: Was born in the town of Leonberg in the Duchy of Württemberg (now Baden-Württemberg ), the son of Joseph Friedrich Schelling and Gottliebin Marie Cleß. From 1783 to 1784, Schelling attended the Latin school in Nürtingen and knew Friedrich Hölderlin , who was five years his senior. Subsequently Schelling attended the monastic school at Bebenhausen , near Tübingen , where his father was chaplain and an Orientalist professor. On 18 October 1790, at

5304-463: Was considered to have coined the term " unconsciousness ". Slavoj Žižek has written two books attempting to integrate Schelling's philosophy, mainly his middle period works including Weltalter , with work of Jacques Lacan . The opposition and division in God and the problem of evil in God examined by the later Schelling influenced Luigi Pareyson 's thought. Selected works are listed below. [REDACTED] Category Leonberg Leonberg

5382-579: Was finally merged with the more bourgeois Leonberg. Later the same year, the Engelberg Tunnel - Germany's first motorway tunnel - was completed. During the Second World War , the tunnel was used regularly for producing and storing aeroplane parts made by prisoners held in Leonberg concentration camp, an outlying camp belonging to Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp in Alsace . The old tunnel

5460-624: Was halved during the Thirty Years' War as a result of the bubonic plague . On 16 November 1457, the first Württemberg parliament (Württemberg-Urach) convened in Leonberg to administer the custodianship of the underaged Eberhardt V . Although no documentary evidence confirms the fact, many locals claim this parliament met in the "Stonehouse". During the era of witch hunts , the Leonberg governor Lutherus Einhorn sent 15 women to trial under suspicion of witchcraft. Eight women were condemned to death with

5538-457: Was not new; the 1822 Erlangen lectures on the history of philosophy expressed the same in a pointed fashion, and Schelling had already begun the treatment of mythology and religion which, in his view, constituted the true positive complements to the negative of logical or speculative philosophy. Public attention was powerfully attracted by hints of a new system which promised something more positive, especially in its treatment of religion, than

5616-724: Was predominantly Protestant . In 1552, the deanery was moved to Leonberg, with the Stadtkirche becoming the Dekanatskirche . After the Second World War, the religious community in Leonberg grew quickly as people moved into the area. The Protestant community in the district of Eltingen also dates back to the Reformation, as it does in Gebersheim, Höfingen, and Warmbronn. After the reformation, Catholicism first reappeared in Leonberg in

5694-580: Was regarded as anachronistic. Martin Heidegger , during the period when he was involved with the Nazi Party , found in Schelling's On Human Freedom central themes of Western ontology - being, existence, and freedom - and expounded on them in his 1936 lectures. In the 1950s, the situation began to change. In 1954, the centennial of his death, an international conference on Schelling was held. Several philosophers, including Karl Jaspers , gave presentations about

5772-410: Was replaced by a Vogt , a type of reeve. By 1535, responsibility was shared by a senior and junior governor, both of whom were selected by a local judge. After the 15th century, two burgomasters were replaced by a type of senior district magistrate ( Oberamtmann ) in 1759. A town council has existed in Leonberg since 1312; in 1523, it had eight members. In 1930, the interim designation of town mayor

5850-456: Was replaced by a new tunnel in the 1990s. Above the tunnel now stands a memorial to the people who died in the Leonberg concentration camp. By 1961, the population of Leonberg passed 20,000. Boundary reforms in 1973 resulted in the rural districts of Leonberg being merged with the rural districts of Böblingen in the south and Enzkreis / Ludwigsburg in the north. Leonberg has existed in its current form since 1975. In 2004, Leonberg became one of

5928-454: Was replaced by the now common burgomaster whose status was raised to Oberbürgermeister (senior mayor) in 1963. The mayor is elected for eight years through a direct vote, and chairs the borough council. Local companies include Leonberg falls within the wine-growing area of Württemberg called Remstal-Stuttgart. Most of the local vineyards lie to the south of the town in the Feinau area and on

6006-763: Was understood to have in reserve. Its realization did not come about until 1841, when Schelling's appointment as Prussian privy councillor and member of the Berlin Academy, gave him the right, a right he was requested to exercise, to deliver lectures in the university. Among those in attendance at his lectures were Søren Kierkegaard (who said Schelling talked "quite insufferable nonsense" and complained that he did not end his lectures on time), Mikhail Bakunin (who called them "interesting but rather insignificant"), Jacob Burckhardt , Alexander von Humboldt (who never accepted Schelling's natural philosophy ), future church historian Philip Schaff and Friedrich Engels (who, as

6084-733: Was unsound: in Fichte's theory nature as Not-Self ( Nicht-Ich = object) could not be a subject of philosophy, whose essential content is the subjective activity of the human intellect. The breach became unrecoverable in 1801 after Schelling published Darstellung des Systems meiner Philosophie ("Presentation of My System of Philosophy"). Fichte thought this title absurd since, in his opinion, philosophy could not be personalized. Moreover, in this book Schelling publicly expressed his estimation of Spinoza, whose work Fichte had repudiated as dogmatism, and declared that nature and spirit differ only in their quantity, but are essentially identical. According to Schelling,

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