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73-627: San Lazzaro may refer to: San Lazzaro degli Armeni , a small island in the Venetian Lagoon San Lazzaro di Savena , an Italian comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, Emilia-Romagna Churches [ edit ] San Lazzaro dei Mendicanti San Lazzaro, Modena San Lazzaro, Pavia San Lazzaro, Sarzana See also [ edit ] Lazzaro (disambiguation) San Lazaro (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

146-505: A Dominican order settled at the island after fleeing from Turkish-occupied Crete. Jesuits also briefly settled there. By the early 18th century only a few crumbling ruins remained. In April 1715, a group of twelve Armenian Catholic monks led by Mkhitar Sebastatsi (English: Mekhitar of Sebaste, Italian: Mechitar) arrived in Venice from Morea (the Peloponnese ), following its invasion by

219-527: A triptych by Francesco Zugno depicting the baptism of King Tiridates III by Gregory the Illuminator , various paintings by Luigi Querena , Binding of Isaac by Francesco Hayez , and others. A publishing house was established at the island in 1789. It was closed down in 1991, however, the Mekhitarists of San Lazzaro continue publication through their publishing house, Casa Editrice Armena . Until

292-506: A 1975 fire, it was restored in its present from by Manouk Manoukian. It formerly served as the library of Armenian manuscripts and publications. The museum now houses items related to Armenian history and art, inducing helmets and bronze belts from the Urartian period; the sword of Leo V , the last Armenian King of Cilicia , forged in Sis in 1366; Armenian ceramics from Kütahya ; coins, stamps and

365-533: A Bolshevik revolutionary at the time, worked as a bell-ringer at the monastery in 1907. The marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky visited San Lazzaro in 1840. He met his older brother, Gabriel , who was working at the monastery at that time. At the monastery library and the art gallery Aivazovsky familiarized himself with Armenian manuscripts and Armenian art in general. Another Armenian painter, Vardges Sureniants , visited San Lazzaro in 1881 and researched Armenian miniatures . Ethnographer Yervand Lalayan worked at

438-430: A Buddhist ritual, with bustrophedic writing in red lacquer on gold leaf brought from Madras by a Russian-Armenian archaeologist, who discovered it in a temple in 1830. Among the art works on display at the monastery corridors are charcoal drawings by Edgar Chahine , landscapes by Martiros Saryan , Mount Ararat by Gevorg Bashinjaghian , a marine painting by Charles Garabed Atamian and a collage by Sergei Parajanov ,

511-420: A Roman noble from Aquileia and other artifacts were found there. The bell tower with an onion dome was completed in 1750. It is not attached to the church and stands alone near the northern side of the church. The church of San Lazzaro, although renovated several times through centuries, retains the 14th century pointed arch style. The church was restored extensively by Mkhitar in 1722, five years after

584-621: A Venetian admiral and the Venetian governor of Morea, "sympathizing deeply with the fearful distress of the unfortunate community, yielded to their earnest entreaties for permission to embark on a government vessel which was about to leave for Venice." On September 8, 1717, on the Feast of the Nativity of Mary , the Venetian Senate ceded San Lazzaro to Mkhitar and his companions, who agreed not to rename

657-512: A ducal chapel, now St Mark's Basilica , and ended only in 1797, at the end of the Republic , when the monastery was suppressed by the invading forces of Napoleon's army. The interior of the church has an apse surrounded by an ambulatory lit by tall Gothic windows, a typical feature of Northern European church architecture which is unique in Venice. Nearly every wall is covered with paintings by 17th and 18th century artists. The church houses one of

730-644: A good cause." According to Robert H. Hewsen for nearly a century—until the establishment of the Lazarev Institute in Moscow in 1815—the monastery of San Lazzaro was the only center of intensive Armenian cultural activity that held the heritage of the Armenian people. During the 18th century, the rediscovery of classical Armenian literature and the creation of an Armenian vernacular by the Mechitarists of San Lazzaro

803-515: A passport issued by the 1918–20 First Republic of Armenia . Numerous Armenian religious objects of art from the 16th to 18th centuries are on display. A bas-relief in agate from the medieval Armenian capital of Ani and a curtain formerly hang at the monastery of Lim Island on Lake Van are also on display, along with several paintings by Russian-Armenian marine artist Ivan Aivazovsky , including depictions of Mount Ararat and Niagara Falls . His Biblical creation -themed painting Chaos (1841)

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876-448: A result of trade with the East. Paolini transferred the simple hospital of San Trovaso to the island. Thus, a leper colony was established at the island, which was chosen for that purpose due to its relative distance from the principal islands forming the city of Venice. It received its name from St. Lazarus , the patron saint of lepers. The church of San Lazzaro was founded in 1348, which

949-549: Is attested by an inscription in Gothic script . In the same year, the hospital was renovated and its ownership transferred from the Benedictines to the patriarchal cathedral of San Pietro . Leprosy declined by the mid-1500s and the island was abandoned by 1601 when only the chaplain and some gardeners remained at the island to grow vegetables. In the second half of the 17th century the island was leased to various religious groups. In 1651

1022-888: Is cherished by the monks. There is also a plaque commemorating Byron's stay. Byron is considered the most prominent of all visitors of the island. James Morris wrote in 1960 that "many people in Venice, asked to think of San Lazzaro, think first of Byron, and only secondly of the Armenians. Byron's spirit haunts the island." Pope Pius VII visited the island on May 9, 1800. Since the 19th century numerous notable individuals visited San Lazzaro, such as composers Jacques Offenbach , Gioachino Rossini , Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , and Richard Wagner (1859), writers Alfred de Musset and George Sand (1834), Marcel Proust (1900), Ivan Turgenev , Nikolai Gogol , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , British art critic John Ruskin (early 1850s), and French historian Ernest Renan (1850). During

1095-523: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages San Lazzaro degli Armeni The islet lies 2 km (1.2 mi) to the southeast of Venice proper and west of the Lido and covers an area of 3 hectares (7.4 acres). Settled in the 9th century, it was a leper colony during the Middle Ages, but fell into disuse by the early 18th century. In 1717 San Lazzaro

1168-546: Is known in Armenian as Մխիթարեան Մայրավանք, M(ə)khitarian Mayravank' , which literally translates to the "Mekhitarist Mother Monastery" and in Italian as Monastero Mechitarista . The monastery currently contains a church with a bell tower, residential quarters, library, museums, picture gallery, manuscript repository, printing plant, sundry teaching and research facilities, gardens, a bronze statue of Mkhitar erected by Antonio Baggio in 1962, an Armenian genocide memorial erected in

1241-455: Is one of the best known historic sites of the Armenian diaspora . The monastery has a large collection of books, journals, artifacts, and the third largest collection of Armenian manuscripts (more than 3,000). Over the centuries, dozens of artists, writers, political and religious leaders have visited the island. It has since become a tourist destination. San Lazzaro lies 2 km (1.2 mi) to

1314-525: Is the most important Armenian settlement outside Armenia and "the centre of the Armenian literature." William Dean Howells noted in 1866 that "As a seat of learning, San Lazzaro is famed throughout the Armenian world." The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church calls the convent of San Lazzaro and the order of the Mechitarists "especially remarkable" of the religious orders based in Venice. American Protestant missionary Eli Smith noted in 1833 that

1387-474: Is unknown. According to Bernard Coulie the number is around 3,000, which comprises some 10% of all extant Armenian manuscripts. According to the Mekhitarist Congregation website the monastery contains 4,500 Armenian manuscripts. Armenian Weekly writer Levon Saryan noted that the manuscript collection of San Lazzaro consists of over 3,000 complete volumes and about 2,000 fragments. San Lazzaro

1460-651: Is usually ranked as the third largest collection of Armenian manuscripts in the world after the Matenadaran in Yerevan , Armenia and the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem . The manuscript collection is kept in the rotunda -shaped tower, called the Manuscript Room (manuscript repository). Its construction was funded by Cairo-based Armenian antiques dealer Boghos Ispenian and was designed by his son Andon Ispenian. It

1533-468: The Nor baṛgirkʻ as the "only really useful dictionary" for work on the vocabulary of Classical Armenian (with the exception of Hrachia Acharian 's etymological dictionary). He called it a "remarkable work of scholarship in its day and although as a tool of etymological research nearly a hundred and fifty years later it has obvious disadvantages, we should still be lost without it." Mikayel Chamchian published

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1606-620: The "Lord Byron Room", because it is where he studied Armenian language and culture during his visit to San Lazzaro. It was originally the manuscript room. Its most notable item is the Egyptian mummy , sent to San Lazzaro in 1825 by Boghos Bey Yusufian , an Egyptian minister of Armenian origin. It is attributed to Namenkhet Amun, a priest at the Amon Temple in Karnak , and has been radiocarbon dated to 450–430 BC ( late period of ancient Egypt ), following

1679-510: The 1960s, and a 14th-century basalt khachkar (cross stone) donated by the Soviet Armenian government in 1987. The cloister of the monastery consists of a colonnade of 42 columns in the Doric order . There is a 15th-century water well in the center of the cloister, which is surrounded by trees and shrubs. A Phoenician and early Christian inscriptions, a first century headless statue of

1752-797: The 19th century numerous monarchs visited the island, including Charles IV of Spain , Franz Joseph I of Austria , Umberto I of Italy , Charles I of Romania , Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont , Wilhelmina of the Netherlands , Prince Napoléon Bonaparte , Ludwig I of Bavaria , (1841), Margherita of Savoy , Maximilian I of Mexico , Carlota of Mexico , Edward VII , Prince of Wales and future British king (1861), Napoleon III (1862), Pedro II of Brazil (1871), Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll (1881), Alexander I of Russia . U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant and British Prime Minister William Gladstone visited San Lazzaro in 1878 and 1879, respectively. An undocumented account claims that Joseph Stalin ,

1825-404: The 19th century. First, in 1815, the Mekhitarists were permitted by Austrian Emperor Francis II to expand the island. The area north of the island was filled which doubled its area from 7,900 m to 13,700 m . In 1836, a boundary wall around the island's newly reclaimed area was built. The channel of the boathouse was filled in 1912 and it was moved to the far western corner. The shoreline

1898-588: The Armenian Apostolic Church—which was historically a rival of the Armenian Catholic Church, which the Mekhitarists are a part of —have visited the island. Vazgen I visited twice, in 1958 and 1970, and Karekin II visited in 2008. San Zaccaria, Venice The Church of San Zaccaria is a 15th-century former monastic church in central Venice , Italy. It is a large edifice, located in

1971-705: The Armenian Genocide and curated by Adelina Cüberyan von Furstenberg , won the Golden Lion award in the national participation category. San Lazzaro was affected by the November 13, 2019 flood, the heaviest since 1966. San Lazzaro is entirely occupied by the Mekhitarist monastery of San Lazzaro, which is the headquarters of the Armenian Catholic Mekhitarist Congregation . The monastery

2044-465: The Armenian Language , 1749–69), which made Armenian the sixth language (after Latin, Greek, French, Italian, and Spanish) to have such a complete dictionary. Its expanded and improved edition, Նոր Բառգիրք Հայկազեան Լեզուի, Nor baṛgirkʻ haykazean lezui ( New Dictionary of the Armenian Language , 1836–37), is considered a monumental achievement and remains unsurpassed. Patrick Considine described

2117-439: The Armenians "look with justice upon the island of San Lazzaro as the torch which shall one day illuminate Armenia, when the hour comes for her to live again in history and to take her place once more among free nations." However, their activities were not without criticism. Mikael Nalbandian , a liberal and anti-clerical Russian-Armenian writer, wrote in the mid-19th century that the "enlightenment of our nation must proceed from

2190-601: The Armenians". It is often referred to in English as Saint Lazarus Island . In Armenian , the island is called Surb Ghazar (Սուրբ Ղազար), meaning "Saint Lazarus". The number of monks, students, and other residents at San Lazzaro has fluctuated throughout history. Twelve monks led by Mkhitar Sebastatsi arrived in Venice in 1715. A century later, in 1816, when Byron visited the island, there were some 70 Mekhitarists in San Lazzaro. Their number has been smaller thereafter. By

2263-599: The Campo San Zaccaria, just off the waterfront to the southeast of Piazza San Marco and St Mark's Basilica . It is dedicated to St. Zechariah , the father of John the Baptist . The first church on the site was founded by Doge Giustiniano Participazio in the early 9th century to house the body of the saint to which it is dedicated , a gift of the Byzantine Emperor Leo V the Armenian , which it contains under

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2336-530: The Gospels of Gladzor (dated 1307). In 1976–79 some 300 manuscripts were donated by Harutiun Kurdian, for which new display cases were added. It holds one of the ten extant copies of Urbatagirk , the first-ever Armenian book printed by Hakob Meghapart in Venice in 1512. Furthermore, 44 Armenian prayer scrolls ( hmayil ) are preserved at the repository. The Armenian museum was designed by Venetian architect Giovanni Rossi and completed in 1867. Seriously damaged by

2409-652: The Great , Sandukht, Vardan , Gregory of Narek , Nerses Shnorhali . Other significant paintings include Madonna with Child by Palma il Giovane (Jacopo Negretti), the baptism of king Tiridates III by St. Gregory the Illuminator by Hovhannes Patkerahan (1720), Assumption of Mary by Jacopo Bassano , Annunciation and Mother of Mercy by Matteo Cesa , the Flood by Leandro Bassano , Flight into Egypt by Marco Basaiti , Annunciation by Bernardo Strozzi , St. Thecla and Sts. Peter and Paul by Girolamo da Santacroce , Moses Saved from

2482-473: The Italian penchant for the arts. The publishing house printed books in dozens of languages, which included themes such as theology, history, linguistics, literature, natural sciences, and economics. They also published textbooks and translations from European languages and editions of classics. Among its publications, the most significant work is the two-volume dictionary of Classical Armenian : Բառգիրք Հայկազեան Լեզուի Baṛgirkʻ haykazean lezui ( Dictionary of

2555-660: The Latin Church ( Ambrose , Augustine , Jerome , St. Gregory the Great ), and fathers of the Armenian Church. A chalk sculpture of Napoleon II by Antonio Canova is preserved in a glass cabinet in the library. A sculpture of Pope Gregory XVI by Giuseppe De Fabris , presented to the Mekhitarists by the Pope himself, is also kept at the room. In 2021 the Aurora Humanitarian Initiative donated $ 50,000 to support

2628-595: The Mekhitarists in San Lazzaro. The Mekhitarist congregation was left in peace, according to some sources, due to the intercession of Roustam Raza , Napoleon's Mamluk bodyguard of Armenian origin. Napoleon signed a decree, dated August 27, 1810, which declared that the congregation may continue to exist as an academy. Since then, San Lazzaro has also known as an academy and sometimes referred to in Latin as Academia Armena Sancti Lazari . The monastery has been enlarged significantly through land reclamation four times since

2701-754: The Ottoman Empire . The monks were members of a Catholic order founded by Mkhitar in 1701, in Constantinople , the capital of the Ottoman Empire . The order moved to Modone (Methoni) , on the southern shore of the Peloponnese, in 1703, after repressions by the Ottoman government and the Armenian Apostolic Church . In 1712 the order received recognition by Pope Clement XI . Victor Langlois wrote that

2774-473: The Waters and Archangel Raphael by Luca Carlevarijs . The gardens of the monastery have been admired by many visitors. "The island ... with its flower and fruit gardens, is so well kept that an excursion to San Lazzaro is a favourite one with all visitors to Venice," noted one visitor in 1905. Irish botanist Edith Blake wrote: "The garden in the centre of the cloisters was gay with flowers, and there

2847-584: The church, there are frescoes and paintings by Antonio Ermolao Paoletti depicting Saint Peter , Saint Paul , John the Baptist and Saint Stephen . The tomb of Mkhitar is located in the front of the altar. Besides the main altar, there are four other altars dedicated to the Holy Cross, St. Gregory the Illuminator , Mary , and Anthony the Great . All built in the period of 1735–38 by Mkhitar. They are all adorned by pieces of works, mainly by Venetian artists. The St. Gregory altarpiece by Noè Bordignon depicts

2920-472: The convent of San Lazzaro not only did not pursue the "denationalizing system of many of the Romish missions among the oriental churches," but also has done "more than all other Armenians together, to cultivate and enrich the literature of the nation." Louisa Stuart Costello called the Armenian convent of San Lazzaro "a respectable pile, above the encircling waters, an enduring monument of successful perseverance in

2993-539: The developments in intellectual culture and scholarship in Russian Armenia and at the Mkhitarist monasteries of San Lazzaro and Vienna inspired an increased nationalism among Armenians in the 1880s. Mary Tarzian suggests that nationalism among Armenians in the Ottoman Empire emerged from the educational vision of the Mechitarists in San Lazzaro. This view was expressed as early as 1877 when Charles Yriarte wrote that

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3066-401: The direction of Enrico Dandolo , the convent was reformed into a Cluniac house . The monastery had the tradition of being visited by the doge and his entire court annually at Easter in a ceremony which included presentation of the corno ducale (ducal cap), insignia of his office. This tradition is said to have begun in the 12th century after the nuns had donated land for the building of

3139-427: The early 1840s, the island housed 50 monks and students. By 1960, some 20 resident monks were reported. A Los Angeles Times writer noted in 1998 that San Lazzaro is still a "monastic hub of activity," although at the time the monastery housed only 10 seminarians and 10 fathers. Teresa Levonian Cole wrote in 2015 that 12 vardapets (educated monks) and five novices reside in San Lazzaro. The recorded history of

3212-421: The early 20th century, a number of important publications were made on the island. Khachig Tölölyan wrote of the role the Mekhitarists and their publications: The publications of the Mekhitarists, both in San Lazzaro and Vienna, contributed greatly to the refinement of literary Western Armenian . The San Lazzaro branch became particularly noted in the fields of history, the arts, and literature influenced by

3285-478: The family. The nuns of this monastery mostly came from prominent noble families of the city and had a reputation for laxness in their observance of the monastic enclosure. The abbess was usually related to the doge. In 855, Pope Benedict III took refuge in the monastery while fleeing the violence of the Antipope Anastasius , whose election his supporters had challenged. Out of gratitude, Pope Benedict gave

3358-434: The first modern history of Armenia (1781–86), were made in the island by the monks which made it an early major center of Armenian printing . San Lazzaro has been enlarged nearly four times from its original size through land reclamation. It was recognized as an academy by Napoleon in 1810 when nearly all monasteries of Venice were abolished. A significant episode in its history is Lord Byron 's visit in 1816–17. The island

3431-416: The first modern history of Armenia in three volumes (1781–86). Ronald Grigor Suny argues that these publications laid the foundations for the emergence of secular Armenian nationalism. Beginning in 1800 a periodical journal has been published at the island. Bazmavep , a literary, historical and scientific journal, was established in 1843 and continues to be published to this day. An Armenian island in

3504-491: The foreign waters, You rekindle the old light of Armenia ... Outside the homeland, for the sake of the homeland.  — Hovhannes Shiraz 's poem on San Lazzaro San Lazzaro has a great historical significance to Armenians and has been described as a "little Armenia." It is one of the richest Armenian enclaves , and one of the best-known Armenian sites in the world, along with Jerusalem's Armenian Quarter . Robert Gordon Latham wrote in 1859 that San Lazzaro

3577-574: The hands of execrable papist monks! Their 'light' is far more pernicious than darkness." A wide range of notable individuals have visited the island through centuries. English Romantic poet Lord Byron visited the island from November 1816 to February 1817. He acquired enough Armenian to translate passages from Classical Armenian into English. He co-authored English Grammar and Armenian in 1817, and Armenian Grammar and English in 1819, where he included quotations from classical and modern Armenian. The room where Byron studied now bears his name and

3650-480: The international scientific mission led by Christian Tutundjian de Vartavan to study the mummy, as reported in 1995. The mission validated Herodotus ' claim that cedar sawdust was used by Ancient Egyptians for embalming, as it fills the stomach of the priest. The collection also includes Etruscan vases , Chinese antiques, a princely Indian throne with ivory inlay work, and a rare papyrus in 12 segments in Pali of

3723-552: The island begins in the 9th century. In 810, the Republic of Venice allocated the island to the abbot of the Benedictine Monastery of St. Ilario of Fusina. Leone Paolini, a local nobleman, obtained the island as a gift from the Abbot Uberto di Sant'Ilario and built a church, initially dedicated to Pope Leo I . It soon became an asylum for those infected with leprosy . In the 12th century, leprosy had appeared in Venice as

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3796-504: The island for around six months in 1894. Musicologist Komitas lectured on Armenian folk and sacred music and researched the Armenian music notation ( khaz ) system in the monastery library in July 1907. The first meeting of poets Yeghishe Charents and Avetik Isahakyan took place in San Lazzaro in 1924. Composer Aram Khachaturian visited it in 1963, and astrophysicist Viktor Ambartsumian in 1969. At least two catholicoi (leaders) of

3869-448: The island. He was reminded of the monastery on the island of Lake Sevan , where he had sought education earlier in his life. Upon acquisition, the monks began works of restoration of existing buildings on the island. The entire community then relocated to the island in April 1718 when the buildings on San Lazzaro became habitable. Mkhitar himself designed the plan of the monastery, which

3942-618: The library in memory of Vartan Gregorian . The Mekhitarists regard the collection of manuscripts the greatest treasure of San Lazzaro. During the 19th century, Mekhitarist monks extracted from these manuscripts and published some previously unpublished pieces of Armenian and non-Armenian literature. According to the magazine of the Church of England , by 1870, San Lazzaro had the second largest collection of Armenian manuscripts after Etchmiadzin having some 1,200 manuscripts in possession. The exact current number of manuscripts preserved at San Lazzaro

4015-400: The library. The entire collection includes books on the arts, the sciences, history, natural history, diverse classical texts, literary criticism, major encyclopedias and other reference books. The floor of the library is decorated in a Venetian style. Its ceiling, partially destroyed in the 1975 fire, was painted by Francesco Zugno and depicts Catherine of Alexandria , the four fathers of

4088-422: The main church and flooded the enclosed garden for around 12 hours. The library and the manuscript depository were not affected by the flood and none of the churchmen suffered injuries. A fire broke out on the night of December 8, 1975, which partially destroyed the library and damaged the southern side of the church, and destroyed two Gaspare Diziani paintings. Between 2002 and 2004, an extensive restoration of

4161-416: The medieval Benedictine order." The activities of the island monastery, which became a center for Armenian studies , led to a revival of Armenian national consciousness . According to Harry Jewell Sarkiss the emphasis Mekhitarists of San Lazzaro put on "their national history and language was significant, for thereby they planted the seeds" of modern Armenian nationalism . Elizabeth Redgate writes that

4234-530: The monastery's structures was carried out by the Magistrato alle acque under the coordination of Consorzio Venezia Nuova , an agency of the Italian Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport . It included restoration of the island's shores and its walls and the boathouse. San Lazzaro hosted the pavilion of Armenia during the 56th Venice Biennale in 2015. The exhibition, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of

4307-502: The most famous works by Giovanni Bellini , the San Zaccaria Altarpiece . The walls of the aisles and of the chapels host paintings by other artists including Andrea del Castagno , Palma Vecchio , Tintoretto , Giuseppe Porta , Palma il Giovane , Antonio Vassilacchi , Anthony van Dyck , Andrea Celesti , Antonio Zanchi , Antonio Balestra , Angelo Trevisani and Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo . The artist Alessandro Vittoria

4380-475: The nuns a large collection of relics which was the foundation of a large collection for which the monastery was famed, among which were those of Athanasius of Alexandria and a piece of the True Cross . A devastating fire destroyed the entire monastic complex in 1105. According to chronicles of the time, some one hundred nuns who had taken refuge in the cellars of the monastery died from smoke inhalation. Under

4453-534: The saint performing the baptism of the Armenian king Tiridates III . The altarpiece dedicated to the mother of Jesus depicts the Nativity of Mary by Domenico Maggiotto . The altarpiece of St. Anthony by Francesco Zugno depicts the founder of the Oriental monasticism who inspired Mkhitar. Within the church, there are paintings of Armenian saints by Paoletti created in 1901: Ghevond, Hripsime , Nerses of Lambron, Nerses

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4526-419: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title San Lazzaro . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Lazzaro&oldid=1171632840 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

4599-412: The second altar on the right. The remains of various doges are buried in the crypt of the church. The original church was rebuilt in the 1170s (when the present campanile was built) and was replaced by a Gothic church in the 15th century. The remains of this building still stand, as the present church was built beside and not over it. The present church was built between 1458 and 1515. Antonio Gambello

4672-490: The settlement of Armenian monks. He completely rebuilt the altar. Its apse was extended in 1899 primarily with an addition of neo-Gothic elements. The church has a neo-Gothic interior. It is three- naved , supported by 6 red marble columns. The main altar is in Baroque style. The three main windows of the altar's apse have stained glass which depict from left to right: Sahak Patriarch , Saint Lazarus, and Mesrop Mashtots . In

4745-489: The southeast of Venice proper and west of the Lido . The islet is rectangular-shaped and covers an area of 3 hectares (7.4 acres). The island is accessible by a vaporetto from the San Zaccaria station (Pier B1). Some 40,000 people visit the island annually, with Italians making up the majority of visitors. The island's official Italian name, San Lazzaro degli Armeni, literally translates to "Saint Lazarus of

4818-602: Was a calm, peaceful air of repose over the whole place." The monks at San Lazzaro make jam from the roses grown in the gardens. The jam, called Vartanush , is made from rose petal around May, when the roses are in full bloom. Besides rose petal, it contains white caster sugar, water, and lemon juice. Around five thousand jars of jam are made and sold in the gift shop in the island. Monks also eat it for breakfast. The library contains 150,000 to 200,000 printed books in Armenian, as well as European and Oriental languages. Some 30,000 European books printed before 1800 are kept at

4891-505: Was a key factor in the " Armenian Renaissance ." Italian scholar Matteo Miele compared the work of the Mekhitarists carried out in the island to the work of the humanists, painters and sculptors of the Italian Renaissance . For over a century the monastery of San Lazzaro became the "potent agency for the advancement of secular, as well as of religious, knowledge" with "avowed religious, educational, and literary objectives like those of

4964-401: Was ceded by the Republic of Venice to Mkhitar Sebastatsi , an Armenian Catholic monk, who established a monastery with his followers. It has since been the headquarters of the Mekhitarists and, as such, one of the world's prominent centers of Armenian culture and Armenian studies . Numerous important publications, such as the first complete dictionary of the Armenian language (1749–69) and

5037-465: Was completed by 1840. The monastery originally included 16 cells for monks, which were adjusted from the old hospital. The church's restoration lasted from May to November 1722. Mkhitar died in 1749. The bell tower was completed a year later, in 1750. The Venetian Republic was disestablished by Napoleon in 1797. In 1810, he abolished all monastic orders of Venice and the Kingdom of Italy , except that of

5110-404: Was donated to the congregation by Pope Leo XIII in 1901. The death mask of Komitas , the musicologist who established the Armenian national school of music, is also on display in the museum. Also on display is one of the most ancient swords ever found, originating from Anatolia and dating to the 3rd millennium BC . Oriental and Egyptian publications and artifacts are held in what is called

5183-456: Was inaugurated in 1970 in attendance of Catholicos Vasken I . The earliest manuscripts preserved at the repository date to the eighth century. Among its notable manuscripts are the 9th century Gospel of Queen Mlke ( Մլքե թագուհու Ավետարան ), the early 11th century Adrianopolis Gospel; the Life of Alexander the Great , an Armenian translation of a 5th-century Greek version by Pseudo-Callistene ;

5256-419: Was straightened. These adjustments increased its area to 16,970 m . San Lazzaro's latest major enlargement occurred in post- World War II period. Between 1947 and 1949, the island was expanded on the southeast and the southwest. The island now has an area of 30,000 m or 3 hectares. The island was heavily affected by the unprecedented acqua alta of November 4, 1966 . The flooded sea water entered

5329-529: Was the original architect, who started the building in the Gothic style, but the upper part of the facade with its arched windows and its columns, and the upper parts of the interior were completed by Mauro Codussi in early Renaissance style many years later. The facade is a harmonious Venetian mixture of late-Gothic and Renaissance styles. The church was originally attached to a Benedictine monastery of nuns also founded by Participazio and various other doges of

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