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67-715: Sadiya is a town in Tinsukia district , Assam , in India . It was the capital of the Chutia Kingdom but after the downfall of the kingdom, Prasengmung Borgohain was appointed as the Sadiya-khowa-Gohain of the Ahom kingdom . Extensive remains of buildings and fortifications built during the Chutia rule near Sadiya point to the importance of the region in the past. Historically Sadiya referred to
134-404: A defensive mud-fort or redoubt of a modest dimension unlike the fortified city of Bhismakanagara. It was suitable for a small band of soldiers to maintain vigilance against the enemies from their hide-outs inside jungle especially in guerilla warfare, the normal practice in the region. Scarp and counter-scarp provided by the rampart and ditches immensely strengthened the defence in the topography of
201-421: A grand temple in the center which has disappeared with time. According to S.F. Hannay, the temple complex was as near as possible square with the doorway to the west. There was a substantial brick wall, about 4.5 feet thick rising to the height of 8 feet, on the foundation of rudely cut blocks of sandstone. The entrance of the complex was on the west face, where there had been a stone enclosure and door. The ruins of
268-470: A ranking of 371st in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 347 inhabitants per square kilometre (900/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 14.51%. Tinsukia has a sex ratio of 948 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 70.92%. 19.94% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Tribes make up 2.84% and 6.18% of
335-571: A religious background. Some of the most widespread Tai Khamti dance dramas are: Sangken is the main festival of the Khamti. It is celebrated on 14 April. The Indian national colours are displayed at the Sangken festival where people irrespective of their tribe, caste, culture, race, etc., participate in the rituals. The main attraction of the festival is splashing clean water, which is the symbol of peace and purity. The images of Buddha are taken out and after
402-473: A shorter green wrap-around cloth (langwat). Their jewelry consists of bright amber earplugs, coral, beaded necklaces, silver hairpins, bangles and gold ornaments. The Khamti men usually tattoo their bodies. The Khamti tie their hair into a large knot, which is supported by a white turban (pha-ho). The chiefs wear a long coat made of silk. The hair is drawn up from the back and sides in one massive roll, measuring four to five inches in length. An embroidered band,
469-567: A single complex representing a fort which extended from Chidu to Chimri. It is probable that the main centre of this complex was at Cheko Nati. Another archaeological site called Duku Limbo is on the left bank of the Dibang at'the foot of Elopa hill. The brickbats found at this site suggest that the Brismaknagar culture had extended to this point. An old Mud Fort in the Tindolong area, six km from Tezu ,
536-528: A slope, at a distance of 14 m from each other. The contents dug out from inside the walls of the rooms were of river-borne materials, a fact which suggests that they were destroyed by floods. The potsherds resembling those of Bhismaknagar in shape, fabric and technique that were unearthed bear ample evidence to the extension to this area of the same culture as of Bhismaknagar. The other archaeological sites in this area are located (I) near Chidu Inspection Bungalow, (2) at Cheko Nati between Chidu and Chimri and (3) in
603-459: A stone gateway on the eastern side. In the floods of 1959, due to deposit of silt in the banks of Paya river the structure was completely submerged in the waters. The Bura-Buri Than is another important temple built by the Chutia kings. It was dedicated to Primordial parents Gira-Girasi or Bura Buri (literal meaning: the-old-ones ), which were later sanskritised as Shiva and Sakti . The two deities are also known as Kundil Mama. The temple
670-610: A time. During the Burmese invasion the Phakials which included Tai Khamti, Tai Khamyang , Tai Phakial, Tai Turung , Tai Aiton were asked by the Burmese army to return to Mogaung in Burma. The Khamtis in allegiance with Singphos , ousted the last Sadiya Khowa Gohain, Govinda Gohain in 1810–11. From 1811, the Khamti chief Chao Salan Gohain became the new Sadiya-Khowa Gohain and later assisted in
737-427: A turning point in the economic development of north-east India. In 1999 Tinsukia district became home to Dibru-Saikhowa National Park , which has an area of 340 km (131.3 sq mi). It shares the park with Dibrugarh district . Tinsukia is an industrial district of Assam. The Oldest oil refinery in India is situated at Digboi and places like Margherita and Ledo are famous for open cast coal mining. It
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#1732855337747804-479: Is 126-Sadiya LAC . Sadiya is one of the three Sub-Divisions of Tinsukia District . Chapakhowa is the centre of Sadiya. Sadiya is located under Tinsukia district of Assam and a legislative constituency contains 126 members of the legislative assembly. The only town under Sadiya assembly constituency is Chapakhowa town, with 10305 number of total population. According to 2011 census, Schedule Caste (SC) living in Sadiya
871-399: Is Dibrugarh Airport which is about 40 km from Tinsukia with daily connection from Delhi / Guwahati and Kolkata . The New Tinsukia railway station connects Tinsukia with the rest of the country. According to the 2011 census Tinsukia district has a population of 1,327,929, roughly equal to the nation of Mauritius or 4.22 percent of the total population of Assam. This gives it
938-660: Is 10 square km. It is surrounded by a wall 4.5 meters high and 6 meters wide made using granite stone (6–9 courses) and bricks on the east, west and south directions. In the north, the Mishmi hills provided a natural barrier. Although very less excavation has been carried out by the Arunachal government, preliminary excavations have revealed three tanks and two gates in the eastern and western directions. The Bhismaknagar central complex extended over an area of 1860 square meters and displays three halls, six ingresses and two extension rooms. There
1005-439: Is 2974 of which 1516 are male and 1458 are female and Schedule Tribe (ST) residing in Sadiya is 25167 of which 12908 are male and 12259 are female. Tinsukia district Tinsukia district ( IPA: [ˌtɪnˈsʊkiə] ) is one of the 34 administrative districts in the state of Assam , India . The district headquarters is located at Tinsukia city. The district occupies an area of 3790 km . The area of
1072-490: Is also a 2 meters high stone wall inside the complex. The architecture of the fort displays the medieval culture. While quarrying the fort the enormous pieces of work of art like potteries, terracotta figurines, terracotta plaques and decorative tiles were preserved. In the hills north of Roing lie scattered some old brick structures, mainly between the Chidu and Chimri villages situated at an altitude of about 305 m. The local people,
1139-599: Is also possible that tea may have been used under another name. Frederick R. Dannaway, in the essay "Tea As Soma", argues that tea was perhaps better known as " Soma " in Indian mythology. Khamti is a Southwestern Tai language spoken in Myanmar and India by the Khamti people. It is a Daic language, specifically Kadai, Kam-Tai, Tai, Southwestern, Northwest branch. The language seems to have originated around Mogoung in Upper Myanmar . It
1206-508: Is assumed to be the capital of Chutiya king Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa of the early 15th-century. In 1524, the Mongkawng or Nora king Phukloimung attacked Sadiya from what is today Myitkyina District of Myanmar but was defeated and pushed back. After annexing the Chutia kingdom by Suhungmung Dihingia Roja in 1524, this place came under the domain of the Ahoms and Prasengmung Borgohain was appointed as
1273-666: Is carried on the front of the body so that its hilt can be grasped in the right hand if needed. The dance "Ka Poong Tai" is one of the main dramatic art forms of the Tai Khamtis. Unlike many forms of traditional Arunachali dance, the Khamti dance is a dance drama, reflecting the culture of the Khamti Buddhists. The traditional folk dances of the Tai Khamtis have their roots in Southeast Asian countries like Thailand and Myanmar. The community has many folk dances and each dance has
1340-546: Is closely related to Thai and Lao languages. The name "Khamti" means "place of gold". Three dialects of Khamti are known: North Burma Khamti, Assam Khamti, and Sinkaling Khamti. Speakers of Khamti are bilingual, largely in Assamese and Burmese. The Tai Khamtis have their own writing system called 'Lik-Tai', which closely resembles the Northern Shan script of Myanmar with some of the letters taking divergent shapes. Their script
1407-493: Is divided into classes, each signifying distinct status in the social hierarchy. The chiefs occupy the highest positions, followed by the priests, who wield considerable influence over all ranks. In the past, the slaves constituted the lowest rank. The Tai-Khamti are very strong believers of Theravada Buddhism . Houses have a prayer room, and they pray every morning and evening by offerings flowers (nam taw yongli) and food (khao tang som). They are traditionally peaceful. Houses of
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#17328553377471474-569: Is evidently derived from the Lik Tho Ngok script since hundreds of years ago. There are 35 letters including 17 consonants and 14 vowels. The script is traditionally taught in monasteries on subjects like tripitaka, Jataka tales, code of conduct, doctrines and philosophy, history, law codes, astrology, and palmistry etc. The first printed book was published in 1960. In 1992 it was edited by the Tai Literature Committee, Chongkham. In 2003 it
1541-410: Is located at 27°50′N 95°40′E / 27.83°N 95.67°E / 27.83; 95.67 . It has an average elevation of 123 m (404 ft). It is the only area of Assam where the newly described subspecies of hoolock gibbon, which is known as Mishmi Hills hoolock H. h. mishmiensis occurs. Sadiya is part of Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency) . Name of the assembly constituency
1608-461: Is no substantial documentation of the history of tea drinking in the Indian subcontinent for the pre-colonial period. One can only speculate that tea leaves were widely used in ancient India since the plant is native to some parts of India. The Singpho tribe and the Khamti tribe, inhabitants of the regions where the Camellia sinensis plant grew native, have been consuming tea since the 12th century. It
1675-535: Is one of the last remaining lowland tropical wet evergreen forests of Assam. It spreads over an area of 300 km . in the southern and eastern parts of the district. It is home to various types of wildlife like the hoolock gibbon , pig-tailed macaque , slow loris , tiger , elephant , clouded leopard , and hornbill . 27°29′22.07″N 95°21′36.52″E / 27.4894639°N 95.3601444°E / 27.4894639; 95.3601444 Khamtis The Tai Khamti ( Khamti : တဲး ၵံးတီႈ ), also known as
1742-662: Is one of the most important tea-growing and processing districts in the country. Thereby, Tinsukia district has a long history of extractive industries spanning tea, coal, oil, timber, and plywood. The timber and plywood industries was halted by the Supreme Court of India when it imposed a blanket ban in 1996. Sociologist Sanjay Barbora and Geologist Sarat Phukan who grew up in eastern Assam assert, Three crucial industrial activities – tea plantations, oil drilling sites, and collieries – that epitomised 19th and 20th century colonialism, are layered into this energised landscape. Tinsukia
1809-455: Is one of the premier commercial centres in Assam . It is an industrial district, yet it produces a sizeable amount of tea, oranges, ginger, other citrus fruits and paddy (rice). The district also has a cosmetic plant of Hindustan Unilever (HUL). Tinsukia is well connected by airway, national highway and railway. It is 532 km by road from Dispur , the state capital of Assam. The nearest airport
1876-453: Is rice, usually supplemented by vegetables, meat and fish. They drink a beer made from rice (lau) as a beverage that is not served during festivals. Some of the well-known dishes are khao puk (made out of sticky rice and sesame seeds), khao lam (bamboo rice), paa sa (fresh river fish soup with special herbs), paa som , and nam som among others. Beef is considered taboo. They are the earliest people to have used tea in India. But there
1943-578: The Brahmaputra River . The deepest point of the Brahmaputra River is located near this village. It is famous for a flower named satphul (the word means "blessing" or a "desert flower"), which is much like Jasmine . There are three possible routes from Sadiya to Tibet . The first route is through the valley of Dihang or Tsang Po. The second one through the Dibang valley and the third route through
2010-571: The Hindu lineage created for the Chutias in the 16th-century Rukmimi-harana by Srimanta Sankardeva . A brick with the name of the Chutiya king Lakshminarayan indicates that the fort was repaired during the early 15th-century. The Bhismaknagar central complex extended over an area of 1860 square meters and displays three halls, six ingresses and two extension rooms. There is also a 2 meters high stone wall inside
2077-589: The Hkamti Shan ( Burmese : ခန္တီးရှမ်းလူမျိုး ; Chinese : 康迪人) or simply as Khamti , are a Tai ethnic group of India, China and Myanmar. The Tai-Khamti are followers of Theravada Buddhism . The Tai-Khamti have their own script for their language, known as 'Lik Tai', which originated from the Shan (Tai) script of Myanmar. Their mother tongue is known as Khamti language . It is a Tai language , closely related to Thai and Lao . According to 2001 census of India,
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2144-732: The Idu Mishmi , were desirous of giving an Idu word to the name, and hence it came to be called Rukmini Nati (nati—the Idu word for bricks). An exploration-cum-excavation work, undertaken by the Research Department of the Government of Arunachal Pradesh, to study the ruins, has thrown some light on the antiquities. In course of the progress of work, which continued from January 1973 to April 1974, excavation of two mounds at Chimri, II km from Roing, unearthed two rooms, 10x10 m and 10x12 m respectively built on
2211-641: The Khamtis in league with the Phakials, Miris, Mishmis, Muluks, Khanghak, Pani Naras and Abors , created disturbance in Sadiya but were suppressed with harsh measures by Purnananda Burhagohain and were widely dispersed. Khamtis after their suppression in 1799 remained subdued for a time. In 1799, the Khamtis in league with the Phakials, Miris, Mishmis, Muluks, Khanghak, Pani Naras and Abors, created disturbance in Sadiya but were suppressed with harsh measures by Purnananda Burhagohain and were widely dispersed. Khamtis after their suppression in 1799 remained subdued for
2278-626: The Lohit valley which leads to Zayul province, the extreme south-eastern province of Tibet. It acted as a trade route which passed through the Shan state of Mongkawng and then finally reaches to Yunnan . Historically, the region between the Lohit River and the Dibang River was known as Sadhayapura as per copper inscriptions. It is believed that Sadiya is a corrupted form of Sadhayapura . According to
2345-476: The Moran language was the predominant language in the district. Dibru Saikhowa National Park is famous for birds and is a biodiversity hotspot with over 350 species of avifauna providing unique habitat for globally threatened species. A safe haven for extremely rare white-winged wood duck and many migratory birds. Its feral horses are precisely sufficient to make the visitor wild. Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary
2412-583: The Burmese invasion of Assam and in 1835 when Chao Salan Gohain died, Chao Rang Pha succeeded the Sadiya-Khowa Gohainship till its annexation by the British in 1839. British after their occupation of Assam in 1825, found that the Sadiya tract was entirely under Khamti control. Sadiya was the extreme north-east frontier station of British Raj , in the Lakhimpur district of Eastern Bengal and Assam regions. On
2479-416: The Chutiya kingdom which included at times the districts of Lakhimpur , Dhemaji and Tinsukia . It is claimed to be the center of development of the eastern Assamese dialects, the inscription here are written in a Tai script. Its stands on a grassy plain, almost surrounded by forested Himalayan mountains , on the right bank of Lohit River which is locally (but erroneously) considered the main stream of
2546-708: The Muttack territory. Godha-Borbaruah road, Rangagarah road, Rajgor road, and Hatiali road were main roads within the territory. In 1823, the British first discovered tea plants in Sadiya and the first tea plantation was started in Chabua near Tinsukia. The name Chabua comes from "Chah-Buwa"/tea plantation. In 1882, the Dibru–Sadiya Railway was opened to traffic by the Assam Railway & Trading Company, centred on Tinsukia, and
2613-628: The Sadiya-Khowa Gohain to rule the region. Later, the Matak kingdom rose in its place after the Moamoria rebellion . The older name of Tinsukia city was Bengmara . It was later made the capital of the Motok Kingdom when a member of the former Sutiya royal family named Sarbananada Singha established his capital at Rangagarh situated in the bank of river Guijan. In 1791 AD, he transferred his capital to
2680-1175: The Tai Khamtis have a population of 12,890. In Myanmar their total population is estimated at 200,000 people. The Tai Khamtis who inhabit the region around the Tengapani basin of Arunachal Pradesh were descendants of migrants who came during the eighteenth century from the Shan region of Hkamti Long , in the western source of the Irrawaddy River Valley. They are located in Hkamti Long , Mogaung and Myitkyina regions of Kachin State as well as Hkamti District of Sagaing Division of Myanmar . In India , they are found in Namsai district and Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh . Smaller numbers are present in Lakhimpur district , Dhemaji district and Munglang Khamti village in Tinsukia district of Assam and possibly in some parts of China . The Khamti society
2747-518: The Tai chronicles Sam Long Hpa, the first Sawbwa of Mongkawng also called Mogaung with the capital in Mogaung conquered Upper Assam (also known as Mong Wehsali Long ) in 1220 then under the rule of the Chutia kings. The king agreed to pay tribute and Sam Long Hpa marched back. Some sources identify Sam Long Hpa to be the younger brother of Sukaphaa (Sao Hkan Hpa) or Si Kefa . Based on inscription, it
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2814-539: The Tai-Khampti are built on raised floors with thatched roofs. The roofs are constructed so low that the walls remain concealed. Wooden planks are used for flooring, and the walls are made of bamboo splices. The Khamti are settled, agriculturists. They use a plough (thaie) drawn by a single animal, either an ox or a buffalo (or even an elephant in olden days). The Khamti raise crops such as paddy rice (khow), mustard/sesame seeds (nga) and potato (man-kala). Their staple food
2881-462: The centre of the enclosure. The mound appears to be a cavalier for lookout purposes. Some potsherds found at this site are too fragmentary to bear any conclusive evidence. It may, however, be assumed that the Mud Fort linked by the route from Bhismaknagar to Parshuram Kund was probably associated with the early culture that flourished in and around Sadiya and Bhismaknagar. The complex seems to represent
2948-615: The city of Bengmara. Bengmara was built by King Sarbananda Singha with the help of his Minister, Gopinath Barbaruah (alias Godha). The city was built in the middle of the present city of Tinsukia. It was declared the 23rd district of Assam on 1 October 1989 when it was split from Dibrugarh . Several tanks were dug in the days of Sarbananda Singha viz. Chauldhuwa Pukhuri, Kadamoni pukhuri, Da Dharua Pukhuri, Mahdhuwa Pukhuri, Bator Pukhuri, Logoni Pukhuri, Na-Pukhuri, Devi Pukhuri, Kumbhi Pukhuri, and Rupahi Pukhuri. Apart from these ponds, there are many ancient roads constructed in different parts of
3015-450: The complex. The architecture of the fort displays medieval culture. While quarrying in the fort, enormous pieces of work of art like potteries, terracotta figurines, terracotta plaques and decorative tiles were recovered. Fabricated from the burnt bricks gave this fort an impressive and remarkable top view and thus explores the dexterity of people of ancient era. This fort can still be signified as an astonishing work of art. The city's area
3082-455: The country. Strategic considerations are palpable from the situation of the fort on principal route from Sadiya and Bhismaknagar to Parshuram Kund facing the Lohit river, perhaps to keep watch on the enemy from its left bank around Chowkham and hence the position of the mound meant for this purpose nearer the river. The fort has been assigned roughly to a period about the 14th–15th century. Sadiya
3149-585: The fringed and tasseled ends of which hang down behind, encircles the roll. The Khamti are renowned for their craftsmanship. Their sword is known as pha-nap. Their priests are known to be amateur craftsmen, who use wood, bone or ivory to carve religious statues. It is believed that by shaping ivory handles of weapons they will evince great skill. Their weapons include poisoned bamboo spikes (panjis), spear, bow and arrow, sword, and shield, usually made of rhinoceros or buffalo hide. The Khamti also have firearms which resemble old flint muskets and horse pistols. The sword
3216-413: The gateway which remains include the lintel carved on the edge in a chain of lotus flowers, some ornamented small pillars and an elephant statue. The three blocks forming the doorway, each of 7.5 feet long and 2 feet by 18 inches in girth, along with the blocks of the projecting wall, were reddish porphyritic granite of an adamantine hardness. There was another stone gateway at the southeast corner leading to
3283-519: The governor of the territory or Sadiya Khowa Gohain in 1524. Domains of Sadiya Khowa Gohain included the rivers of Lohit , Kundil, Dibang , Dikhari and the places of Kankham, Bardeoliyagoan, Nangkoa and the hills of Doidam and Chandangiri. The Sadiya Khowa Gohain had to maintained relations with the Adi , Mishmis and other hill tribes of the Sadiya frontier. The headquarters of the Sadiya Khowa Gohain
3350-465: The hills north of Chimri. No relics, however, could be found at the first two sites, although potsherds at Chidu and brick walls, steps, etc. at Cheko Nati were reported to have been seen earlier. The third site north of Chimri is situated at a high altitude of about 610 m. Not a single brick found there was in alignment, and everything seemed destroyed. The situation of all the four sites on a hilly terrain suitable for defence indicate that they are parts of
3417-448: The main door of the complex. The walls were made without any mortar and instead used iron dowels and brackets. The whole temple was surrounded with brick walls and on the western wall there was a place for human sacrifice. Although the temple is now completely submerged under marshy lands due to silt deposition in 1959, previous studies show that the main statues of the temple were built of sandstone and granite. The stone inscription found in
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#17328553377473484-501: The opposite bank is a railway station that used to connect with the Assam-Bengal line of that era. Sadiya had been garrisoned by detachments of native infantry and military police, and was the base of a chain of outposts. There had a bazaar, to which the hill-men beyond the frontier— Mishmis , Abors , and Khamtis —used to bring down rubber , wax , ivory , and musk , to barter for cotton cloth , salt and metal goods. In 1943–44 there
3551-572: The population respectively. Hindus were 1,181,347 (88.96%), Christians 76,877 (5.79%), Muslims 48,373 (3.64%) as of 2011. Languages of Tinsukia district (2011) Tinisukia is a multi cultural district. According to the 2011 census, 47.81% of the population spoke Assamese , 14.10% Sadri , 10.21% Bengali , 8.54% Hindi , 7.51% Nepali , 2.3% Bhojpuri , 2.11% Odia and 1.46% Mising as their first language. Several other languages are spoken in Tinsukia district such as Khamti and Tai Phake . Formerly
3618-499: The present district was an integral part of the Sutiya kingdom during the medieval period. After the defeat of the Sutiyas, the Ahoms appointed Prasengmung Borgohain as the Sadiya-Khowa Gohain to rule the region. The area of the present district was an integral part of the Sutiya kingdom during the medieval period. After the defeat of the Sutiyas, the Ahoms appointed Prasengmung Borgohain as
3685-538: The region as an assistant Superintendent of Police since 1876. He finally retired from service in 1905 after spending his life exploring above the Brahmaputra river and writing a treatise on the grammar of Miri , Singpho , and Khamti languages. He was awarded the Gill memorial medal in 1887 and made a fellow of The Royal Geographical Society in 1889. His main purpose in life was exploration partly in order to try and discover
3752-548: The source of the Brahmaputra river. His award of the Gill memorial Medal and F.R.G.S. was for penetrating into the Zayul Valley and into Tibet from Assam. The entire area of Sadiya was a well developed city in the medieval times. The ruins like Bhismaknagar, Rukmininagar, Tamreswari temple, Pratima garh, Bura-buri temple built during the Chutia period. This was the most notable among the temples built by Chutia kings. The temple
3819-410: The stream, in the bed of which are several carved and plain blocks of granite and sandstone. According to Debala Mitra(1956), the temple was originally Chaturayatana, i.e. having four shrines, built of sandstone and granite and located in the south-east section of the rectangular brick enclosure, prakara roughly measuring 208 ft by 130 ft. The compound wall was 4 feet wide and 8 feet tall and had
3886-501: The temple reads: “Shiv-Charan-Prasadat Vridharajatan Ya-Sri-srimata-Mukta Dharmanarayana Shri shrimati Digaravasini Ichtaka Di-Virchit-Prakara-Nivaddha Krit Agrahainike Saka 1364” The inscription describes that the walls of the temple have been built by the son Mukta Dharmanarayan of the old king (name not specified) in the Saka year 1364 (1442 AD). The roof of the Tamreswari temple
3953-572: The younger sister of Pishadema. The temple was taken care of by the tribal priest known as the Deoris and was worshipped by the Borgaya Khel of the Deoris.When the British visited the temple complex, the main temples has disappeared and only a small square structure remained. The wall and doors of the temple were well designed with beautiful works. There were two giant elephant sculptures with silver tusks at
4020-464: Was a United States Army Air Force (USAAF) field at Sadiya which hosted the 89th Fighter Squadron of the 80th Group, headquartered at Nagaghuli, now Chabua Air Base of the Indian Air Force . Sadiya today serves as one of the district headquarters for Indian Red Cross Society . In 1882 Francis Jack Needham was appointed Assistant Political Agent for the British authorities after having served in
4087-453: Was again modified with tone marking by scholars of Northern Myanmar and Arunachal Pradesh. The traditional Khamti dress of men is a full-sleeved cotton shirt (siu pachai) and multi-coloured sarong (phanoi). The women's dress consists of a long sleeve shirt (siu pasao), a deep-coloured long sarong ( sinh ) made from cotton or silk, and a coloured silk scarf (phamai). Married woman wear in plain black long wrap-around sarong (sinn) and above that
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#17328553377474154-447: Was at Kaicheng Goan where he constructed tanks and buildings, whose authority was extended to the river of Dihang on the west and river Tingrai in the east. During the reign of Jayadhwaj Singha , Miri villages who indulged in lawless activities were suppressed in 1665. Also a number of Miri villages were reduced by Gadadhar Singha in 1683. In 1697, a great earthquake devastated Sadiya in which many hills were crumbled down. In 1799,
4221-528: Was built using granite stone and fixed using iron dowels and brackets similar to the ones used in Malinithan and Tamreswari temple. The temple was surrounded by a wall built using bricks of 18–25 cm length and 12–17 cm breadth. The Bhismaknagar Fort located in Roing is an important monument built by Chutia kings with the walls of the fort spread over 10 km. The name is derived from Bhishmaka of Vidarbha ,
4288-453: Was dedicated to Kechaikhati (literal meaning: eater-of-raw-flesh ), a primordial female tribal deity commonly found among other groups. The other name for Kechaikhaiti is Pishasi meaning " The Elder Daughter ". Scholars assert that Kesaikhaiti is equivalent to the Tai-Khamti female deity Nang Hoo Toungh . The deity Pishasi or Kechaikhaiti is considered to be the daughter of Gira-Girasi and
4355-435: Was explored in 1972. It falls on the main road from Sadiya to Tezu. The area of the fort, enclosed by earthen ramparts—365.76 m X 350.52 m, is square in shape. The rampart is eight ft high, and equally broad at the top with sloping sides. On both the -inner and outer sides of the rampart run two ditches about 6 m wide. There is a prominent mound, circular in shape (diameter 30.48 m approximately) and about 3 m in height, almost at
4422-532: Was looked upon after by tribal priest called the Deoris and was worshipped by the Dibongia khel of the Deoris. Gira-Girasi or Bura-Buri are considered to be a wedded pair and are the parents of Pishasi or Kechaikhaiti and Pishadema. Although the structure has fallen due to natural calamities, the base still remains intact upon which a new temple has been built. The foundation is an octagonal shaped base made of stone with each edge spanning 3.4 meters in length. The temple
4489-485: Was originally sheeted with copper as mentioned in the Changrung Phukan Buranji (1711 AD), from which the name is derived. In 1848, when Dalton visited the site, he found a stone structure, but the copper roof was already removed. As per T. Block who visited the site in 1905, this square structure in the corner cannot have been the main building inside the complex and the brick wall evidently enclosed some sort of
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