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23-695: Hkamti Long began as an outlying territory of the Shan state of Mongkawng and was settled by the Hkamti , a sub-group of the Shan people. The name means "Great Place of Gold " in the Hkamti Khamti language . It gathered seven small principalities: Lokhun, Mansi, Lon Kyein, Manse-Hkun, Mannu, Langdao, Mong Yak and Langnu which were under the Hkamti Long was beyond the borders of the British Mandalay Division and

46-626: A period of less than thirty years it was again occupied by Burma from 1771 to 1775. Finally Möngkawng was annexed by the Ava Kingdom in 1796. After becoming part of Burma Möngkawng was ruled by administrators named wuns . During British rule in Burma it became part of the Myitkyina District of the Mandalay Division . In Chinese chronicle Ming Shilu , the state was known as Mengyang and

69-605: A record of the Avan kings' ancestors ruling a Shan village in central Burma prior to their rise or prominence. The kingdom was founded by Thado Minbya in 1364 following the collapse of the Sagaing and Pinya Kingdoms due to raids by the Shan States to the north. In its first years of existence, Ava, which viewed itself as the rightful successor to the Pagan Kingdom, tried to reassemble

92-491: A story to Hso Khan Hpa that Samlongpha was conspiring with the king of Mong Wehsali Long to dethrone Hso Khan Hpa, Hso Khan Hpa believed the story and sent poison food to Samlongpha and he died at Mogaung. Möngkawng (Mong Yang) was occupied by China between 1479 and 1483, after regaining independence it was again briefly occupied by China in 1495. From 1651 to 1742 the state was occupied by the Ava -based Kingdom of Burma and following

115-470: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Kachin State location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kingdom of Ava The Ava Kingdom ( Burmese : အင်းဝပြည် , pronounced [ʔɪ́ɰ̃wa̰ kʰɪʔ] ; INN-wa pyi) also known as Inwa Kingdom or Kingdom of Ava was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma ( Myanmar ) from 1365 to 1555. Founded in 1365,

138-453: The Pyu period . Ava was the first Burmese city to be entirely walled, with an inner citadel and an outer civilian city. Ava's citadel is probably the only barrel shaped city in the world. According to legend the outline of the city walls was intended to replicate the appearance of a mythical Burmese Lion, a Chinthe . What is certain is that Ava, or at least its inner citadel, is designed to replicate

161-508: The 1420s to early 1480s, Ava regularly faced rebellions in its vassal regions whenever a new king came to power. In the 1480s and 1490s, the Prome Kingdom in the south and the Shan states that were under the sway of Ava in the north had broken away, and the Taungoo dynasty became as powerful as its nominal overlord Ava. In 1510, Taungoo also broke away. Ava was under intensified Shan raids for

184-555: The Buddhist universe in miniature. The palace was constructed in the very centre of the citadel, which according to traditional principles of Burmese city design, corresponds to the location of the Buddha, therefore directly associating the King with the Buddha himself. This conferred upon the King a divine status and the palace as a religious centrepiece. The palace was specifically designed to emulate

207-542: The Taungoo dynasty conquered Ava, ending the city's role as the capital of Upper Burma for nearly two centuries. Thado Minbya founded the city of Ava (modern day Inwa) and consecrated it as Ratanapura, the City of Gems, which was to remain the capital of Myanmar more or less continuously until the mid 19th century. The city was designed according to the traditional principles of Burmese city design, which had existed since at least

230-549: The city was said to be as pleasant as Tavatimsa , the most important of the Buddhist heavens which also served as the model for the earthly realm of Burmese kingdoms. Swa Saw Ke was known as an intellectual king who encouraged scholarly endeavours and the city was said to be full of intelligent conversation. Ava's most notable legacy was its contribution to Burmese vernacular literature which flourished during this period. Literature moved from being written predominantly in Pali to using

253-599: The end of the 19th century the inhabitants were still mostly Shan, but they ended up being absorbed or expelled by the Kachin people and other dominant ethnic groups of the region. The rulers of Hkamti Long bore the title of Saopha . 27°19′N 97°25′E  /  27.317°N 97.417°E  / 27.317; 97.417 This Burmese history article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mongkawng Mogaung ( Burmese : မိုးကောင်း ) or Möngkawng ( Tai Nüa : ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥩᥒᥰ ; Chinese : 孟拱 )

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276-612: The first quarter of the 16th century. In 1527, the Confederation of Shan States , led by the state of Mohnyin in alliance with Prome, sacked Ava. The Confederation placed nominal kings on the Ava throne and ruled much of Upper Burma. As Prome was in alliance with the Confederation, only the tiny Taungoo in the southeastern corner, east of the Bago Yoma mountain range remained as the last holdout of

299-558: The former empire by waging constant wars against the Mon Hanthawaddy Kingdom in the south, the Shan States in the north and east, and Rakhine State in the west. While it was able to hold Taungoo and some peripheral Shan States ( Kalaymyo , Mohnyin , Mogaung and Hsipaw ) within its fold at the peak of its power, Ava failed to reconquer the rest. The Forty Years' War (1385–1424) with Hanthawaddy left Ava exhausted. From

322-541: The highly auspicious Mount Meru in Hindu - Buddhist belief. The kingdom and its power emanated directly from the city as a mandala, encircling the entirety of the world (in theory) and therefore the city was a cosmological centre of a divinely ordained kingdom. During the reign of Swa Saw Ke , a council was convened at Ava which was attended by the King, members of the Sangha , Sinhalese monks, and Brahmins . In one inscription

345-463: The independent kingdom. The Confederation's failure to snuff out Taungoo proved costly. Surrounded by hostile kingdoms, Taungoo took the initiative to consolidate its position, and defeated a much stronger Hanthawaddy in 1534–1541. When Taungoo turned against Prome, the Shans belatedly sent in their armies. Taungoo took Prome in 1542 and Bagan , just below Ava, in 1544. In January 1555, King Bayinnaung of

368-494: The kingdom was founded in 1215 by a saopha named Sam Long Hpa who ruled over an area stretching from Hkamti Long to Shwebo , and extending into the country of the Nagas and Mishmis . Samlongpha built his capital at Nam Kawng river (present-day Mogaung river) and established it as a tributary state to Mong Mao . According to Hsweni state chronicle, the two generals Tao Sen Yen and Tao Sen Hai Khai sent with Samlongpha sent

391-493: The kingdom was the successor state to the petty kingdoms of Myinsaing , Pinya and Sagaing that had ruled central Burma since the collapse of the Pagan Kingdom in the late 13th century. Like the small kingdoms that preceded it, Ava may have been led by Bamarised Shan kings who claimed descent from the kings of Pagan . Scholars debate that the Shan ethnicity of Avan kings comes from mistranslation, particularly from

414-847: The ruler of Mong Mao fled after the destruction of Lu-chuan by the Chinese during the Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns (1436–49). In 1477, the Ava Kingdom marched against Mogaung and captured it. After their submission, the Burmese chronicle records the King of Ava taking the Sawbwa of Mogaung and giving him the town of Tagaung to rule over. The rulers of the state bore the title Saopha . born at Ava's palace Vacant 1777–1785 25°18′N 96°56′E  /  25.300°N 96.933°E  / 25.300; 96.933 This Burmese history article

437-522: The vernacular Burmese language . Ava was a highly literate society with poetry being composed by people from all levels of society, such as a village headman of Palaung in 1355, who inscribed verse onto stone. Inscriptions in classical Burmese during both the Bagan and Ava periods written by commoners and nobles appear at a ratio of 3:1 in favour of the commoners. Elaborate use of simile, metaphor, and other literary devices abound in Burmese verse, especially in

460-546: The works of Shin Maharattathara. One of these works rejects the comforts of marriage and secular life for that of a forest ascetic. The following is a translation by Dr. Hla Pe, John Okell, and Anna Allott: The maiden I marry shall be a forest dwelling, one that befits a hermit, far from the approach of men; she will tend to all my needs and will always keep me fed, with forest fruits for rice, and forest fruits for curry. I shall have Wisdom for my washing-water, for it cleanses

483-510: Was a Shan state in what is present-day Myanmar . It was an outlying territory, located away from the main Shan State area in present-day Kachin State . The state existed until 1796. The main town was Mogaung (Mong Kawng). According to legend a predecessor state named Udiri Pale had been established in 58 BC. The area was said to have been inhabited by the Tai Long . According to Tai chronicles

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506-500: Was never brought under direct British rule , after the Shan states submitted to British rule after the fall of the Konbaung dynasty . Hkamti Long was visited by traveller Thomas Thornville Cooper , British Agent at Bhamo , where he was murdered in 1878; later also by colonels Macgregor and Woodthorpe in 1884-1885, by Errol Gray in 1892-1893, and by Prince Henry of Orleans in 1893. Towards

529-489: Was under Yunnan as a pacification superintendency. In the same chronicle, the kingdom is said to extend to the east to Jinsha River in China, south to Ava-Burma , west to the territory of Da-Gula and to the north till Ganyai , a polity near Daying river . In 1408, the polity was occupied by Da-Gula. It is asserted that it was originally under the territory of Lu-chuan and it is to Mongkawng and Da-Gula where Si Jifa ,

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