83-569: [REDACTED] Look up stp in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. STP may refer to: Places [ edit ] São Tomé and Príncipe (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code, IOC country code, and FIFA country code STP) St Pancras railway station (National Rail code STP) St. Paul Downtown Airport (IATA airport code STP) in Saint Paul, Minnesota, US South Texas Nuclear Generating Station , also known as
166-621: A Russian deathcore band "S.T.P.", a song on the album Robbin' the Hood by the band Sublime STP, an American band with Julia Cafritz Computing [ edit ] ISO 10303-21 , the STEP CAD exchange file extension Serial ATA Tunneling Protocol , supporting SATA devices in SAS bays Server Time Protocol , to synchronize clocks Shielded twisted pair , a type of cable Signal Transfer Point , an SS7 packet switch Spanning Tree Protocol ,
249-467: A carefully staged set piece, the first Class 395 train and two Class 373 trains arrived through a cloud of dry ice in adjacent platforms within seconds of each other. During the ceremony, Paul Day's large bronze statue The Meeting Place was also unveiled. At a much smaller ceremony on 12 November 2007, the bronze statue of John Betjeman by sculptor Martin Jennings was unveiled by Betjeman's daughter,
332-574: A connection to Australia and Scandinavia. The following year, the LTSR began a service from St Pancras to Southend Central . Boat trains continued to run from St Pancras until 1963, after which they were moved to Liverpool Street and Fenchurch Street. The Railways Act 1921 forced the merger of the Midland with the London and North Western Railway (L&NWR) into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), and
415-447: A network protocol used for loop prevention Schedule Transfer Protocol , a network protocol designed for low-latency data transfer Software Technology Parks of India Straight-through processing , without repeating data entry for a financial transaction Medicine [ edit ] Scientist Training Programme, a UK healthcare training scheme under Modernising Scientific Careers Sustainability and transformation plan ,
498-596: A reputation of having one of the most recognisable facades of all the London termini, and known as the "cathedral of the railways". In Britain's 100 Best Railway Stations by Simon Jenkins , the station was one of only ten to be awarded five stars. The station has bilingual signs in French and English , one of the few in England to do so. It was considered Europe's most passenger-friendly railway station in an index created in 2020 by
581-463: A scheme in NHS England Other uses in science and technology [ edit ] Standard temperature and pressure , 0 °C and 100 kPa Sewage Treatment Plant , a site where wastewater is cleaned Shovel test pit , a method of archaeological survey Sodium triphosphate , used in detergents, etc. Stand-to-pee device , a female urination device Solar Terrestrial Probes program ,
664-529: A series of NASA missions Silane-terminated polymers Other uses [ edit ] Sacrae Theologiae Professor , a Catholic degree Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic Soviet-type economic planning 25 metre standard pistol , a shooting sport Sticky toffee pudding See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "stp" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles containing STP or STPs All pages with titles beginning with STP Topics referred to by
747-471: A tunnel from south-east of London to an underground terminus in the vicinity of King's Cross. However, a late change of plan, principally driven by the then Secretary of State for the Environment Michael Heseltine 's desire for urban regeneration in east London, led to a change of route, with the new line approaching London from the east. This opened the possibility of reusing St Pancras as
830-585: Is also called normal temperature and pressure (abbreviated as NTP ). However, a common temperature and pressure in use by NIST for thermodynamic experiments is 298.15 K (25° C , 77° F ) and 1 bar (14.5038 psi , 100 kPa ). NIST also uses 15 °C (59 °F) for the temperature compensation of refined petroleum products, despite noting that these two values are not exactly consistent with each other. The ISO 13443 standard reference conditions for natural gas and similar fluids are 288.15 K (15.00 °C; 59.00 °F) and 101.325 kPa; by contrast,
913-728: Is at the southern end of the London Borough of Camden on a site orientated north–south, deeper than it is wide. The south is bounded by Euston Road (part of the London Inner Ring Road ), and its frontage is the St Pancras Renaissance London Hotel , while the west is bounded by Midland Road, which separates it from the British Library and Francis Crick Institute , and the east by Pancras Road, which separates it from King's Cross station . The British Library
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#1732844966107996-887: Is closer to the worldwide median altitude of human habitation (194 m). Natural gas companies in Europe, Australia, and South America have adopted 15 °C (59 °F) and 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) as their standard gas volume reference conditions, used as the base values for defining the standard cubic meter . Also, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) each have more than one definition of standard reference conditions in their various standards and regulations. Abbreviations: In aeronautics and fluid dynamics
1079-437: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages St Pancras railway station St Pancras railway station ( / ˈ p æ ŋ k r ə s / ), officially known since 2007 as London St Pancras International , is a major central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden . It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium , France and
1162-431: Is often made to "standard laboratory conditions" (a term deliberately chosen to be different from the term "standard conditions for temperature and pressure", despite its semantic near identity when interpreted literally). However, what is a "standard" laboratory temperature and pressure is inevitably geography-bound, given that different parts of the world differ in climate, altitude and the degree of use of heat/cooling in
1245-462: Is on the former goods yard site. Euston railway station is around ten minutes' walk away along Euston Road. Behind the hotel, the train shed is elevated 5 m (17 ft) above street level and the area below forms the station undercroft which is where most of the shops and restaurants are located, along with the Eurostar departure lounge. The northern half of the station is mainly bounded to
1328-474: Is representative of atmospheric conditions at mid latitudes. In the US this information is specified the U.S. Standard Atmosphere which is identical to the "International Standard Atmosphere" at all altitudes up to 65,000 feet above sea level. Because many definitions of standard temperature and pressure differ in temperature significantly from standard laboratory temperatures (e.g. 0 °C vs. ~28 °C), reference
1411-406: Is usually sufficient by using the ideal gas law . The molar volume of any ideal gas may be calculated at various standard reference conditions as shown below: Technical literature can be confusing because many authors fail to explain whether they are using the ideal gas constant R , or the specific gas constant R s . The relationship between the two constants is R s = R / m , where m
1494-469: The American Petroleum Institute adopts 60 °F (15.56 °C; 288.71 K). Before 1918, many professionals and scientists using the metric system of units defined the standard reference conditions of temperature and pressure for expressing gas volumes as being 15 °C (288.15 K; 59.00 °F) and 101.325 kPa (1.00 atm ; 760 Torr ). During those same years,
1577-574: The British Library , the Regent's Canal and London King's Cross railway station , with which it shares a London Underground station, King's Cross St Pancras . The station was constructed by the Midland Railway (MR), to connect its extensive rail network, across the Midlands and North of England , to a dedicated line into London. After rail traffic problems following the 1862 International Exhibition ,
1660-691: The Great Northern Railway (GNR). In 1862, traffic for the second International Exhibition suffered extensive delays over the stretch of line into London over the GNR's track; the route into the city via the L&;NWR was also at capacity, with coal trains causing the network at Rugby and elsewhere to reach effective gridlock. This was the stimulus for the MR to build its own line to London from Bedford, which would be just under 50 miles (80 km) long. Samuel Carter
1743-547: The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), although these are not universally accepted. Other organizations have established a variety of other definitions. In industry and commerce , the standard conditions for temperature and pressure are often necessary for expressing the volumes of gases and liquids and related quantities such as
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#17328449661071826-459: The Midland Main Line , while platforms 5–13 lead to High Speed 1 ; there is no connection between the two lines, except for a maintenance siding outside the station. There are also a variety of shops and restaurants within the station concourse. The longer international platforms, used by Eurostar, extend into Barlow's train shed, whilst the other platforms terminate at the southern end of
1909-464: The Netherlands to London. It provides East Midlands Railway services to Leicester , Corby , Derby , Sheffield and Nottingham on the Midland Main Line , Southeastern high-speed trains to Kent via Ebbsfleet International and Ashford International , and Thameslink cross-London services to Bedford , Cambridge , Peterborough , Brighton , Horsham and Gatwick Airport . It stands between
1992-534: The Snow Hill tunnel re-opened resulting in the creation of the Thameslink route and the resultant diversion of the majority of suburban trains to the new route. The station continued to be served by trains running on the Midland mainline to Leicester, Nottingham and Sheffield, together with a few suburban services to Bedford and Luton. These constituted only a few trains an hour and left the station underused. Following
2075-494: The privatisation of British Rail , the long-distance services from St Pancras were franchised to Midland Mainline , a train operating company owned by National Express , starting on 28 April 1996. The few remaining suburban trains still operating into St Pancras were operated by the Thameslink train operating company, owned by Govia , from 2 March 1997. A small number of trains to and from Leeds were introduced, mainly because
2158-547: The " International Standard Atmosphere " (ISA) is a specification of pressure, temperature, density, and speed of sound at each altitude. At standard mean sea level it specifies a temperature of 15 °C (59 °F), pressure of 101,325 pascals (14.6959 psi) (1 atm ), and a density of 1.2250 kilograms per cubic meter (0.07647 lb/cu ft). It also specifies a temperature lapse rate of −6.5 °C (-11.7 °F) per km (approximately −2 °C (-3.6 °F) per 1,000 ft). The International Standard Atmosphere
2241-460: The 2005 extension. The international platforms do not occupy the full width of the Barlow train shed, and sections of the floor area have been opened up to provide natural light to the new ground-level concourse below. Eurostar's arrival and departure lounges lie below these platforms, adjacent to The Arcade , a concourse fashioned from the original station undercroft which runs along the western length of
2324-455: The Barlow train shed. The southern end of The Arcade links to the western ticket hall of King's Cross St Pancras tube station . Standard temperature and pressure Standard temperature and pressure ( STP ) or standard conditions for temperature and pressure are various standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements used to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data. The most used standards are those of
2407-534: The Channel Tunnel Rail Link works did not include work on the fitting out of the station, as these works had originally been part of the separate Thameslink 2000 works programme. Despite lobbying by rail operators who wished to see the station open at the same time as St Pancras International, the Government failed to provide additional funding to allow the fit-out works to be completed immediately following
2490-619: The Consumer Choice Center. From December 2018, as part of the Thameslink programme, services from the East Coast Main Line/ Great Northern Route , also part of the Govia Thameslink Railway franchise, were linked to the Thameslink route, diverting trains previously terminating at Kings Cross into the Thameslink platforms at St Pancras and then through central London to Sussex and Kent. This link
2573-584: The High Speed 1 service was launched on 6 November 2007 by Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh . Services were extended to Rotterdam and Amsterdam in April 2018. During an elaborate opening ceremony, actor Timothy West , as Henry Barlow, addressed the audience, which was also entertained by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and the singers Lemar and Katherine Jenkins . In
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2656-643: The High-Speed Train sets were maintained there and were already running empty north of Sheffield. During the 2000s major rebuild of the West Coast Main Line, St Pancras again temporarily hosted direct and regular inter-city trains to Manchester, this time via the Hope Valley route (via the Dore South curve) under the title of Project Rio . The original plan for the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL) involved
2739-520: The LMS adopted the LNWR's (the "Premier Line") Euston station as its principal London terminus. The Midland Grand Hotel was closed in 1935, and the building was subsequently used as offices for British Railways . During World War II , bombing inflicted damage on the train shed, which was only partially reglazed after the war. On the night of 10–11 May 1941 a bomb fell onto the station floor at platform 3, exploding in
2822-431: The London area services to North Woolwich, St Albans and Bedford. Long-distance trains reached Glasgow, Leeds, Nottingham, Sheffield and Manchester, with famous named trains including The Palatine to Manchester, The Thames-Clyde Express to Glasgow, and The Master Cutler to Sheffield (transferred from King's Cross in 1966, which itself had transferred from Marylebone eight years earlier). On 7 October 1957,
2905-470: The MR decided to build a connection from Bedford to London with its own terminus. The station was designed by William Henry Barlow , with wrought iron pillars supporting a single-span roof. At 689 feet (210 m) by 240 feet (73.2 m) wide, and 100 feet (30.5 m) high, it was then the largest enclosed space in the world. Following the station's opening 1 October 1868, the MR built the Midland Grand Hotel on
2988-486: The MR, as the major routes to Manchester, Nottingham, Sheffield and Carlisle opened during this time. By 1902, there were 150 trains arriving and leaving the station daily, though this was far less than at Waterloo or Liverpool Street. As well as Midland services, the Great Eastern Railway (GER) used St Pancras as a " West End " terminus for trains to Great Yarmouth , Norwich , Lowestoft between 1870 and 1917. At
3071-507: The Midland Main Line to the St. Pancras branch. Instead, due to the value of the land in such a location the lower area was used for freight, in particular beer from Burton . As a result, the undercroft was built with columns and girders, maximising space, set out to the same plans as those used for beer warehouses, and with a basic unit of length that of a beer barrel. The contract to build
3154-987: The South Texas Project Businesses and organizations [ edit ] German Union of Saddlers, Upholsterers and Portfolio Makers , a former German trade union STP (motor oil company) Segmenting-targeting-positioning , a framework in marketing Society for Threatened Peoples , an international NGO Space Test Program , a spaceflight provider for US DoD Straight-through processing , in securities transaction Suntech Power (NYSE symbol STP) Drugs [ edit ] 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine , also called DOM or "serenity, tranquility, and peace" Entertainment [ edit ] Star Trek: Picard (2020 TV series), an American science fiction TV series Star Trek: Prodigy (2021 TV series), an American science fiction children's TV series Music [ edit ] Stone Temple Pilots , an American rock band Slaughter to Prevail ,
3237-430: The applicable reference conditions of temperature and pressure when stating the molar volume of a gas as it is when expressing a gas volume or volumetric flow rate. Stating the molar volume of a gas without indicating the reference conditions of temperature and pressure has very little meaning and can cause confusion. The molar volume of gases around STP and at atmospheric pressure can be calculated with an accuracy that
3320-490: The author Candida Lycett Green . Public service by Eurostar train via High Speed 1 started on 14 November 2007. In a small ceremony, station staff cut a ribbon leading to the Eurostar platforms. In the same month, services to the East Midlands were transferred to a new franchisee, East Midlands Trains . The low-level Thameslink platforms opened on 9 December 2007, replacing King's Cross Thameslink. St Pancras has retained
3403-428: The beer vaults underneath. The station was not significantly damaged, but was closed for eight days, with platforms 2–3 remaining closed until June. In 1947 the St. Pancras junction was relaid with prefabricated trackwork, along with associated changes to the signalling system. On the creation of British Railways (BR) in 1948, St Pancras received a significant investment after neglect by the LMS. Destinations included
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3486-518: The east by Camley Street, with Camley Street Natural Park across the road. To the north-east is King's Cross Central , formerly known as the Railway Lands, a complex of intersecting railway lines crossed by several roads and the Regent's Canal . Several London bus routes have stops nearby, including 73 , 205 and 390 . The station's name comes from the St. Pancras parish, whose name originates from
3569-472: The eastern part of the extension immediately adjacent to the entrance. As part of the construction of the western side of the new train shed that now began, an underground "box" was constructed to house new platforms for Thameslink, which at this point ran partially under the extended station. In order for this to happen, the existing Thameslink tunnels between Kentish Town and King's Cross Thameslink were closed between 11 September 2004 and 15 May 2005 while
3652-472: The entrance to the London tunnel. On 4 September 2007, the first test train ran from Paris Gare du Nord to St Pancras. Children's illustrator Quentin Blake was commissioned to provide a huge mural of an "imaginary welcoming committee" as a disguise for one of the remaining ramshackle Stanley Building South immediately opposite the station exit. St Pancras was officially re-opened as St Pancras International, and
3735-487: The foundations of the roof interfering with the space beneath, and to simplify the design, and minimise cost, it was decided to construct a single span roof, with cross ties for the arch at the station level. The arch was sprung directly from the station level, with no piers. Additional advice on the design of the roof was given to Barlow by Rowland Mason Ordish . The arches' ribs had a web depth of 6 ft (1.8 m), mostly open ironwork. The span width, from wall to wall
3818-461: The fourth-century Christian boy martyr Pancras of Rome . The station was commissioned by the Midland Railway (MR), who had a network of routes in the Midlands and in south and west Yorkshire and Lancashire, but no route of its own to London. Before 1857 the MR used the lines of the L&NWR for trains into the capital; subsequently, the company's Leicester and Hitchin Railway gave access to London via
3901-521: The line blockade. Eventually, on 8 February 2006, Alistair Darling , the Secretary of State for Transport, announced £50 million funding for the fit-out of the station, plus another £10–15 million for the installation of associated signalling and other lineside works. The fit-out works were designed by Chapman Taylor and Arup (Eurostar) and completed by ISG Interior Plc Contractors collaborating with Bechtel as Project Managers. The client
3984-440: The main motivation for the London extension, the Midland realised the prestige of having a central London passenger terminus and decided it must have a front on Euston Road. The company purchased the eastern section of land on the road's north side owned by Earl Somers . The passenger station was designed by William Henry Barlow and constructed on a site that had previously been a slum called Agar Town . The approach line to
4067-473: The most commonly used standard reference conditions for people using the imperial or U.S. customary systems was 60 °F (15.56 °C; 288.71 K) and 14.696 psi (1 atm) because it was almost universally used by the oil and gas industries worldwide. The above definitions are no longer the most commonly used in either system of units. Many different definitions of standard reference conditions are currently being used by organizations all over
4150-550: The office blocks that replaced the Euston Arch. The station offices in the listed former Midland Grand Hotel building were subsequently refurbished in 1993, including a new roof with 275 tonnes of Westmorland Green slate. After the sectorisation of British Rail in 1986, main-line services to the East Midlands were provided by the InterCity sector, with suburban services to St Albans, Luton and Bedford by Network SouthEast . In 1988
4233-486: The outer edge. It was 689 feet (210 m) long, 240 feet (73.2 m) wide, and 100 feet (30.5 m) high at the apex above the tracks. Local services began running to the Metropolitan Railway junction underneath the terminus on 13 July 1868. The station itself opened to the public on 1 October. The first service was an overnight mail train from Leeds. St Pancras was built during a period of expansion for
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#17328449661074316-501: The rate of volumetric flow (the volumes of gases vary significantly with temperature and pressure): standard cubic meters per second (Sm /s), and normal cubic meters per second (Nm /s). Many technical publications (books, journals, advertisements for equipment and machinery) simply state "standard conditions" without specifying them; often substituting the term with older "normal conditions", or "NC". In special cases this can lead to confusion and errors. Good practice always incorporates
4399-460: The rebuilding of Euston and the consolidation of these services. By the 1960s, St Pancras was seen as redundant, and several attempts were made to close it and demolish the hotel (by then known as St Pancras Chambers). These attempts provoked strong and successful opposition, with the campaign led by the later Poet Laureate , John Betjeman . Jane Hughes Fawcett with the Victorian Society
4482-479: The reconstruction was Alistair Lansley , a former colleague of Nick Derbyshire recruited by RLE. To accommodate 300-metre+ Eurostar trains , and to provide capacity for the existing trains to the Midlands and the new Kent services on the high-speed rail link, the train shed was extended a considerable distance northwards by a new flat-roofed shed. The station was initially planned to have 13 platforms under this extended train shed. East Midlands services would use
4565-440: The reference conditions of temperature and pressure. If not stated, some room environment conditions are supposed, close to 1 atm pressure, 273 K (0 °C), and 0% humidity. In chemistry, IUPAC changed its definition of standard temperature and pressure in 1982: NIST uses a temperature of 20 °C (293.15 K, 68 °F) and an absolute pressure of 1 atm (14.696 psi, 101.325 kPa). This standard
4648-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title STP . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STP&oldid=1253127351 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
4731-471: The signalling at St Pancras was upgraded, replacing the three original boxes with a power box controlling 205 route switches and 33 points over a network of 1,400 relays. From 1960 to 1966, electrification work on the West Coast Main Line between London and Manchester saw a new Midland Pullman from Manchester to St Pancras. These trains and those to Glasgow were withdrawn following the completion of
4814-422: The station by a new concourse at its north end. This original design was later modified, with access to the Eurostar platforms from below, using the station undercroft and allowing the deletion of the visually intrusive bridge. By dropping the extension of any of the Midland platforms into the train shed, space was freed up to allow wells to be constructed in the station floor, which provided daylight and access to
4897-477: The station crossed the Regent's Canal at a height allowing the line reasonable gradients; this resulted in the level of the line at St Pancras being 20 ft (6 m) above the ground level. (By contrast, the lines to the adjacent King's Cross station tunnel under the Regent's Canal.) Initial plans were for a two or three span roof with the void between station and ground level filled with spoil from tunnelling to join
4980-502: The station substructure and connecting lines was given to Messrs. Waring , with Barlow's assistant Campion as supervisor. The lower floor for beer warehousing contained interior columns 15 ft (4.6 m) wide and 48 ft (14.6 m) deep, carrying girders supporting the main station and track. The connection to the Widened Lines (St. Pancras branch) ran below the station's bottom level, in an east-to-west direction. To avoid
5063-476: The station's façade. George Gilbert Scott won the competition to design it, with an ornate Gothic red-brick scheme. St Pancras has been widely praised for its architecture and is now a Grade I listed building . St Pancras came under threat during the 20th century; damaged in both World War I and World War II by bombs, and then in the late 1960s by plans to demolish it entirely and divert services to King's Cross and Euston . A passionate campaign to save
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#17328449661075146-664: The station, led by the Victorian Society , Jane Hughes Fawcett , and Poet Laureate John Betjeman , was successful, and St Pancras was awarded Grade I listed status just 10 days before demolition was due to commence. At the start of the 21st century, the complex underwent an £800 million refurbishment to become the terminal for the Channel Tunnel Rail Link/High-Speed 1/HS1 as part of an urban regeneration plan across East London , and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in November 2007. A security-sealed terminal area
5229-407: The station. The design and project management of reconstruction was undertaken on behalf of LCR by Rail Link Engineering (RLE), a consortium of Bechtel , Arup , Systra and Halcrow . The original reference design for the station was by Nick Derbyshire , former head of British Rail's in-house architecture team. The master plan of the complex was by Foster and Partners , and the lead architect of
5312-603: The terminus, with access via the North London Line , which crosses the throat of the station. The idea of using the North London line was rejected in 1994 by the transport secretary , John MacGregor , as "difficult to construct and environmentally damaging". However, the idea of using St Pancras station as the terminus was retained, albeit now linked by 12.4 miles (20 km) of new tunnels to Dagenham via Stratford . London and Continental Railways (LCR), created at
5395-508: The time of British Rail privatisation, was selected by the government in 1996 to reconstruct St Pancras, build the CTRL, and take over the British share of the Eurostar operation. LCR had owned St Pancras station since privatisation to allow the station to be redeveloped. Financial difficulties in 1998, and the collapse of Railtrack in 2001, caused some revision of this plan, but LCR retained ownership of
5478-420: The train shed extension was completed. The rebuilding cost was in the region of £800 million, up from an initial estimate of £310 million. In early November 2007, Eurostar conducted a testing programme in which some 6000 members of the public were involved in passenger check-in, immigration control and departure trials, during which the "passengers" each made three return journeys out of St Pancras to
5561-528: The turn of the 20th century, St Pancras had a faster service to Cambridge than from King's Cross, at 71 minutes. GER services were suspended because of World War I and never resumed. The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway (LTSR) began boat train services from St Pancras from 9 July 1894, following the opening of the Tottenham and Forest Gate Railway . The trains ran from St Pancras to Tilbury via South Tottenham and Barking . Tilbury Docks then provided
5644-491: The undercroft. The reconstruction of the station was recorded in the BBC Television documentary series The Eight Hundred Million Pound Railway Station broadcast as six 30-minute episodes between 13‒28 November 2007. By early 2004, the eastern side of the extended train shed was complete, and the Barlow train shed was closed to trains. From 12 April 2004, Midland Mainline trains terminated at an interim station occupying
5727-581: The wall of his barn where it still kept good time. Decades later during the stations renewal as 'St Pancras International', Dent of London were able to create an exact replica of the clock by using the original as a template. Hoggard was invited to the 2007 grand re-opening of St Pancras, and able to see the impressive new clock installed exactly where the original had been. Also in 1978, a Private Eye piece claimed that British Rail really wanted to demolish St Pancras but were opposed by "a lot of long-haired sentimentalists" and "faceless bureaucrats" and praised
5810-436: The western platforms, Eurostar services the middle platforms, and Kent services the eastern platforms. The Eurostar platforms and one of the Midland platforms would extend back into the Barlow train shed. Access to Eurostar for departing passengers would be via a departure suite on the west of the station, and then to the platforms by a bridge above the tracks within the historic train shed. Arriving Eurostar passengers would leave
5893-481: The workplace. For example, schools in New South Wales , Australia use 25 °C at 100 kPa for standard laboratory conditions. ASTM International has published Standard ASTM E41- Terminology Relating to Conditioning and hundreds of special conditions for particular materials and test methods . Other standards organizations also have specialized standard test conditions. It is as important to indicate
5976-437: The works were carried out. Thameslink services from the north terminated in the same platforms as the Midland Main Line trains, while services from the south terminated at King's Cross Thameslink. When the lines were re-opened, the new station box was still only a bare concrete shell and could not take passengers. Thameslink trains reverted to their previous route but ran through the station box without stopping. The budget for
6059-426: The world renown Dent the unique time-piece was financially valuable, but during removal it was somehow dropped, shattering on the floor below. Now worth far less money, it was sold to Roland Hoggard, a train-guard nearing retirement, for £25. It took over a week for Hoggard to transport the giant broken clock, a few parts at a time, to his Nottinghamshire home, where he diligently pieced it all back together, to hang on
6142-423: The world. The table below lists a few of them, but there are more. Some of these organizations used other standards in the past. For example, IUPAC has, since 1982, defined standard reference conditions as being 0 °C and 100 kPa (1 bar), in contrast to its old standard of 0 °C and 101.325 kPa (1 atm). The new value is the mean atmospheric pressure at an altitude of about 112 metres, which
6225-447: Was 245 ft 6 in (74.83 m), with a rib every 29 ft 4 in (8.94 m). The arch was a slightly pointed design, with a reduced radius of curvature at the springing points. The Butterley Company was contracted to construct the arches. The total cost of the 24 rib roof and glazing was over £53,000, of which over half was for the main ribs. The cost of the gable end was a further £8,500. The single-span overall roof
6308-401: Was London and Continental Railways who were advised by Hitachi Consulting . In 2005, planning consent was granted for a refurbishment of the former Midland Grand Hotel building, with plans to refurbish and extend it as a hotel and apartment block. The newly refurbished hotel opened to guests on 21 March 2011 with a grand opening ceremony on 5 May. By the middle of 2006, the western side of
6391-457: Was constructed for Eurostar services to mainland Europe via High Speed 1 and the Channel Tunnel , with platforms for domestic trains to the north and south-east of England. The restored station has 15 platforms, a shopping centre, and a coach facility. London St Pancras International is owned by HS1 Ltd and managed by Network Rail (High Speed), a subsidiary of Network Rail . St Pancras
6474-528: Was instrumental in its preservation, and was dubbed "the furious Mrs. Fawcett" by British rail officials. Many of the demonstrators had witnessed the demolition of the nearby Euston Arch a few years previously and were strongly opposed to the distinctive architecture of St Pancras suffering the same fate. The station became Grade I listed building in November 1967, preventing any drastic modifications. The plans were scrapped by BR in December 1968, realising that it
6557-528: Was made in the hope that a high-speed service could connect the two stations and was announced at a ceremony headed by Claude Solard, Director General of SNCF . St Pancras contains four groups of platforms on two levels, accessed via the main concourse at ground level. The below-surface group contains through platforms A and B, and the upper level has three groups of terminal platforms: domestic platforms 1–4 and 11–13 on each side of international platforms 5–10. Platforms A & B serve Thameslink, 1–4 connect to
6640-655: Was made possible by the construction of a pair of single-track tunnels, named the Canal Tunnels ; these tunnels start immediately off the St Pancras Thameslink platforms, dive under the Regent's Canal , and join the East Coast Main Line where the North London Line and High Speed 1 pass over the top. In October 2019, St Pancras was twinned with the Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean , Bordeaux , France. The association
6723-473: Was more cost-effective to modernise the hotel instead, though they disliked owning it. In the 1970s, the train shed roof was in danger of collapse, and the newly appointed Director of Environment Bernard Kaukas persuaded the company to invest £3m to save it. In 1978, British Rail attempted to raise funds with the sale of the impressive 18 foot diameter station clock, allegedly to a wealthy American collector for £250,000. Custom made for St Pancras station by
6806-551: Was solicitor for the parliamentary bill, which was sanctioned in 1863. The main economic justification for the MR extension was for the transport of coal and other goods to the capital, which was hindered by a 1s 9d toll on GNR lines. A large goods station was constructed between 1862 and 1865, sited to the west of the King's Cross coal depot between the North London Railway and the Regent's Canal . Although coal and goods were
6889-399: Was the largest such structure in the world at the time of its completion. The materials used were wrought iron framework of lattice design, with glass covering the middle half and timber (inside)/slate (outside) covering the outer quarters. The two end screens were glazed in a vertical rectangular grid pattern with decorative timber cladding around the edge and wrought iron finials around
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