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130-727: SCH or Sch may refer to: A Scholar of Trinity College, Dublin Sch (trigraph) , the German letter for 'sh' as in 'fish' Schizophrenia , a psychiatric diagnosis SCH Synchronization Channel , a GSM Um radio interface channel Schutzhund , a dog sport Schedule, in systems of pipe sizes Succinylcholine , a neuromuscular blocking drug Sch. (Scheinergrade aka Degree Scheiner), an obsolete scale for measuring film speeds established by Julius Scheiner .sch (file extension) , used for circuit diagram files by several design automation programs .sch ,

260-504: A writ of mandamus requiring the case to be adjudicated by the Archbishop of Dublin and the Primate of Ireland . The decision of Richard Whately and John George de la Poer Beresford was that Heron would remain excluded from Scholarship. This decision confirmed that persons who were not Anglicans (Presbyterians were also affected) could not be elected to Scholarship or Fellowship or be made

390-506: A Community College, similar to HKU's Centennial College, which been in a partnership arrangement with the University of Wollongong since 2014. Most of the public universities in India follow the collegiate system. The University of Mumbai, is a collegiate public state university located in the city of  Mumbai ,  Maharashtra , India. The University of Mumbai

520-456: A Regent Master of Theology at Paris, left a legacy to found University College, Oxford in 1249. Although this is taken as the foundation date of University College, it was not until after 1280 that the college actually began operating. At around the same time Balliol College was founded by John de Balliol via a grant of land in 1263 as a penance imposed by the Bishop of Durham, and Merton College

650-462: A big environment that's the common feature". In many collegiate universities, the teaching is centrally organised through departments and faculties on a university-wide basis. The level of participation in teaching of colleges in such universities varies: they may provide no formal teaching (e.g. Durham), may provide some teaching to their own students (the Oxbridge model), may provide some teaching that

780-543: A children's hospital in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia System Controller Hub , an Intel chipset component Soonchunhyang University , a private university in South Korea The category of schemes Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title SCH . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

910-537: A college is not obligatory for students, and only students in residence count as college members. The colleges manage admission to the college (but not the university) and provide academic tutorials to students. The University of the Arts Singapore (UAS) is a publicly-funded private collegiate university in Singapore. It is a federation of two local arts colleges — Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts , and LASALLE College of

1040-408: A collegial tradition in the mode of Oxbridge, but the federal principle has been widely emulated." Similarly a conference on The Collegiate Way in 2014 concentrated entirely on universities with residential colleges (e.g. Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, etc.), making no mention of federal universities. This was in keeping with the idea that "The collegiate way is the notion that a curriculum, a library,

1170-719: A collegiate model, with five colleges on the Peterborough campus. All students are affiliated to a college. A notable collegiate university in Mainland China is The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen , which inherits the tradition from The Chinese University of Hong Kong in Shatin , Hong Kong. The number of collegiate universities in France has increased over the past years. These include: The University of Hong Kong (HKU) has an affiliated Anglican college, St John's College, which

1300-462: A concept in set theory Specialist Computer Holdings, parent company of SCC Sub-conjunctival haemorrhage St. Cloud Hospital , an American hospital in St. Cloud, Minnesota Space Center Houston , the official visitors center of Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Santander Central Hispano, formerly a brand name of Banco Santander Central Hispano, now Banco Santander Sydney Children's Hospital ,

1430-456: A faculty, and students are not enough to make a college. It is an adherence to the residential scheme of things." Yet the federal principle has also been called the "Cambridge principle", and is sometimes seen as essential to a collegiate university. There is also dispute as to what is meant by a federal university: some writers have argued that the distinct feature of a federal system is the separation of teaching and examination, but others see

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1560-540: A few years prior to this, been an examination board for its colleges, and Trinity College Dublin combined elements of the collegiate and professorial styles. More recently, the collegiate and federal traditions have been seen as separate in Britain, although both inspired by different aspects of the colleges at Oxford and Cambridge, e.g. "With the partial exception of Durham (and in the twentieth century York, Kent and Lancaster) there has been no serious attempt to create in Britain

1690-684: A herb garden on the main campus, is located in Dartry , around four kilometres south of the main campus, and it also owns a large set of residences on the Dartry Road , in Rathmines , called Trinity Hall . A new physic or herb garden was opened in 2011, and there are also small gardens in the space known as Botany Bay and at the rear of the Provost's House. In November 2018, Trinity announced plans, estimated at €230 million, to develop university research facilities on

1820-605: A matter of controversy, given George Berkeley 's history as a slave trader, leading to a petition for renaming from the Students Union. In August 2022, incoming Student Union President Gabi Fullam announced that the Students Union would refer to the library as the "X Library" in all official communications pending renaming. In April 2023, Trinity College announced that it would dename the Berkeley Library, and in October 2024 it

1950-559: A new university, which on account of Trinity College would be part Anglican. Ultimately this episode led to the creation of the National University of Ireland . Trinity College was one of the targets of the Volunteer and Citizen Army forces during the 1916 Easter Rising but was successfully defended by a small number of unionist students, most of whom were members of the university Officers' Training Corps . From July 1917 to March 1918

2080-491: A non-residential college model, and New York University has similar "learning communities" to support non-residential students. The specifics of how the collegiate system is organised – whether college membership is necessary for students, whether colleges are legally independent, the role colleges play in admissions, etc. – vary widely between different universities. While the ancient universities of Oxford and Cambridge consist of independent colleges that supplement

2210-459: A number of buildings nearby in central Dublin, as well as an enterprise centre near Ringsend and a botanic garden in Dartry . Patrick Wyse Jackson, curator of the Geological Museum at Trinity, assessed the architectural merits of the entrance and entry buildings in 1993: "The imposing entrance to Trinity College, consisting of a central area flanked by two square pavilions, was built in

2340-470: A period, graduation required the taking of an oath that was objectionable to them. In 1793, this requirement was removed but certain restrictions on membership of the college remained, as professorships, fellowships and scholarships were reserved for Protestants. During the 18th century, Trinity College was seen as the university of the Protestant Ascendancy . The Parliament of Ireland , meeting on

2470-424: A professor. But within three decades of this, all disabilities imposed on Catholics were repealed. In 1873, all religious tests, except for those relating to entry to the divinity school , were abolished by an Act of Parliament. Just prior to the full repeal of limitations on Catholic attendance, in 1871, Irish Catholic bishops, responding to the increased ease with which Catholics could attend an institution which

2600-501: A range of undergraduate courses, but may also offer post-graduate courses. More established colleges may even offer PhD programs in some departments with the approval of the affiliating university. The only ' ancient university ' in Ireland , North or South, is the University of Dublin . Created during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I , it is modelled on the collegiate universities of Cambridge and Oxford. However, only one constituent college

2730-651: A second-level domain Sub- Conjunctival hemorrhage Music [ edit ] SCH (band) , an Industrial rock band from Sarajevo SCH (album) , their 1987 self-titled album SCH (rapper) , a French rapper Abbreviations [ edit ] Sydney Congress Hall , a Salvation Army Corps in Sydney, Australia Schenectady County Airport , a public airport in Schenectady County, New York Singapore Conference Hall Singular cardinals hypothesis ,

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2860-654: A site in Grand Canal Dock as part of an "Innovation District" for the area. These plans were later scaled back. In addition to College Park, Botany Bay and other on-campus facilities, the college also owns sports grounds in Santry and Crumlin, and a boathouse in Islandbridge. Trinity is governed in accordance with amended versions of the Letters Patent of Elizabeth I, as well as various other statutes. On several occasions

2990-611: A symbiotic history. The epithets "Trinity College Dublin" and "University of Dublin" are usually considered as synonyms, as only one such college was ever established in Ireland. The university was established to consolidate the rule of the Tudor monarchy in Ireland. Named after the Holy Trinity , it stands on the former grounds of the Augustinian Priory of All Hallows , and served as

3120-426: A tranquil collegiate atmosphere despite its location in the centre of a capital city (and despite its being one of Dublin's most prominent tourist attractions). This is, in large part, due to the enclosed and compact design of the college, with the main buildings looking inwards, largely arranged in quadrangles (called squares), and the existence of only a few public entrances. In addition to the core campus, Trinity owns

3250-811: A university" but to which no other colleges had ever been added, the Durham system allowed for the university itself to found further colleges, which it did with the establishment of Hatfield College in 1846. The University of London , founded in 1836, was very different. It was, in its original form, an examining body for affiliated colleges . The first two of these - University College London (UCL; founded 1826) and King's College London (founded 1829) were already in existence and resembled non-collegiate 'unitary' universities, as found in Scotland and continental Europe, except in their lack of degree-awarding powers. There had been much dispute over UCL's attempt to gain recognition as

3380-533: A university, and the University of London was designed as a political solution to put an end to this dispute and to enable the students at both UCL and King's to receive degrees. It was modelled to a certain extent on Cambridge, where (at that time) the senate of the university was responsible for examinations and the colleges for the teaching, and also took on some features of the University of France , an institution established under Napoleon in 1808 that had absorbed

3510-568: A very curious federal institution in 1908 – its Durham division was itself collegiate, while its Newcastle division had two independent colleges (Armstrong College, the civic university college affiliated to Durham since its creation in 1871, and the Medical College, which had been affiliated since the 1850s). The two colleges of the Newcastle division were merged in 1937, and Newcastle finally became an independent university in 1963. Similarly,

3640-551: A visitor programme. In 2021, Linda Doyle was elected the first woman provost, succeeding Patrick Prendergast. In 2024 students set up an encampment outside the Book of Kells Museum regarding the university's ties to Israel. After five nights of protests, the administration declared that it would not renew its business relationships with Israeli companies, and the last contract will expire in March 2025. The main site of Trinity College retains

3770-475: A whole academic community. Students in residential colleges are often organised into a junior common room , with postgraduate students in a middle common room , and academic staff forming a senior common room . The development of the collegiate university in western Europe followed shortly after the development of the medieval university itself. The first college to be established was the Collège des Dix-Huit at

3900-493: Is Ulster University , which is located in Northern Ireland (see United Kingdom on this list). In Italy , independent halls of residence known as 'colleges of merit' operate in a number of university cities, offering tutoring, supplementary teaching, and additional diplomas. The university in which the collegiate model is most developed is the University of Pavia with four independent colleges (including two established in

4030-674: Is a legal deposit for Ireland and the United Kingdom . It is the largest library in the country and has housed the Book of Kells since 1661 and the Brian Boru harp since 1782. The university has produced many eminent poets, playwrights, authors, novelists and filmmakers, including Oscar Wilde ( The Happy Prince ) , Jonathan Swift ( Gulliver's Travels ) , Sheridan Le Fanu ( Carmilla ) , Bram Stoker ( Dracula ) , Oliver Goldsmith ( The Vicar of Wakefield ) , William Congreve ( The Way of

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4160-648: Is a legal deposit library (as per Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003 ) for the United Kingdom, and has a similar standing in Irish law. The college is therefore legally entitled to a copy of every book published in Great Britain and Ireland, and consequently receives over 100,000 new items every year. The library contains about five million books, including 30,000 current serials and significant collections of manuscripts, maps, and printed music. Three million books are held in

4290-493: Is available university or faculty-wide (e.g. Toronto), or may be responsible for delivering centrally organised, university-wide teaching (e.g. Roehampton). Whatever their role in teaching, almost all are residential communities and they will often have their own halls for meals, libraries, sports teams and societies; such colleges are thus sometimes termed residential colleges . Monash University in Australia has, however, developed

4420-653: Is dominated by the identical Corinthian fronts, in Leinster Granite and Portland Stone, of the Chapel on the left and the Examination Hall on the right. Further into the square on the left-hand side is the Dining Hall, restored after a fire in 1984. For reasons unknown, until 1870 the clock in the portico was set fifteen minutes after Dublin time." The main college grounds are approximately 190,000 m (47 acres), including

4550-423: Is expressed in different ways in different universities; commonly students are members of a college, not residents of a college, and remain members whether they are living in the college or not, but this is not universal and the distinction may be drawn in other ways (see, e.g., the University of Otago below). Residential colleges also commonly have members drawn from the university's academic staff in order to form

4680-711: Is for the main part a unitary university, currently operate in this manner. This should not be confused with the situation where courses at an independent college are validated by a university but the college does not become part of that university, e.g. the relationship between the New College of the Humanities and Southampton Solent University from 2015 to 2020. Over time, the level of federation may evolve, particularly as independent colleges grow and seek to establish themselves as universities in their own right. University College London and King's College London were for much of

4810-574: Is older, featuring the Campanile , as well as many fine buildings, including the Chapel and Examination Hall (designed by Sir William Chambers ), Graduates Memorial Building , Museum Building , and the Rubrics (the sole surviving section of the original 17th-century quadrangle), all spread across the college's five squares. The Provost's House sits a little way up from the College Front Gate such that

4940-564: Is one of the largest universities in the world. As of 2013, the university had 711 affiliated colleges. As of 22 November 2021, the UGC lists 441 state universities. The oldest establishment date listed by the UGC is 1857, shared by the  University of Calcutta , the  University of Madras  and the  University of Mumbai . Most State Universities are collegiate universities administering many affiliated colleges (often located in small towns) that typically offer

5070-410: Is one of the seven ancient universities of Great Britain and Ireland, and it is a sister college to both St John's College, Cambridge , and Oriel College, Oxford . By incorporation ( Ad eundem ) , a graduate of either Oxford, Cambridge or Dublin can be conferred the equivalent degree ( Oxon, Cantab et Dubl ) at either of the other two without further examination. The Library of Trinity College

5200-589: The Irish Times that certain state-funded County Council scholarships excluded Trinity College from the list of approved institutions. This, he suggested, amounted to religious discrimination, which was forbidden by the Constitution. It has been said of the period before Éire left the Commonwealth that "The overwhelming majority of the undergraduates were ex-unionists or, if from Northern Ireland, unionists. Loyalty to

5330-674: The Chief Secretary for Ireland proposed the reconstitution of the University of Dublin . A "Dublin University Defence Committee" was created and successfully campaigned against any change to the status quo, while the Catholic bishops' rejection of the idea ensured its failure among the Catholic population. Chief among the bishops' concerns was the remains of the Catholic University of Ireland, which would become subsumed into

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5460-687: The Education Reform Act 1988 legally recognised as "Institutions of a University", while others are not; colleges of the University of London are recognised bodies under the 1988 act that have the right to award degrees of the University of London and (in many cases) their own degrees. Some colleges are legally independent of their parent university, while others are not. Collegiate universities with centralised teaching and undergraduate teaching in colleges: Collegiate universities with centralised teaching and residential-only colleges: Collegiate universities with centralised teaching carried out by

5590-626: The Irish Convention met in the college in an attempt to address the political aftermath of the Easter Rising. (Subsequently, following the failure of the Convention to reach "substantial agreement", the Irish Free State was set up in 1922.) In the post-independence period, Trinity College suffered from a cool relationship with the new state. On 3 May 1955, the provost, A.J. McConnell, wrote in

5720-647: The Lecky Library, attached to the Arts building; and the Ussher Library, which, opening in 2003, overlooks College Park and houses the Glucksman Map Library. The Glucksman Library contains half a million printed maps, the largest collection of cartographic materials in Ireland. This includes the first Ordnance Surveys of Ireland, conducted in the early 19th century. The name of the Berkeley Library recently became

5850-531: The Reformation . After that, and some debate about a new university at St. Patrick's Cathedral, in 1592 a small group of Dublin citizens obtained a charter by way of letters patent from Queen Elizabeth incorporating Trinity College at the former site of the disbanded Augustinian Priory of All Hallows , immediately southeast of the city walls, provided by the Corporation of Dublin . The college's first provost

5980-503: The University of Dhaka , University of Rajshahi and University of Chittagong . In Canada the University of Toronto has a collegiate system for students in the faculty of Arts and Sciences on its St George campus that took form from the mid 19th century, originally modelled after that of Oxford. Toronto has a mix of independent and dependent colleges, all of which offer academic programmes that are available faculty-wide rather that just to members of that college. While all students of

6110-519: The University of Paris , founded in 1180 by John of London shortly after he had returned from Jerusalem. This has led to the suggestion that the college was inspired by madrasas he saw on his travels, although this has been disputed, particularly as, unlike madrasas, the early Paris colleges did not teach. Other colleges appeared in Paris shortly after this, including the College of St Thomas du Louvre (1186) and

6240-405: The University of Queensland , the University of Tasmania , the University of Western Australia , the University of Sydney , the University of Melbourne and the University of New South Wales . Monash University runs an unusual "non-residential college" system for students living off-campus. In Bangladesh , the National University, Bangladesh is a public collegiate university that

6370-473: The University of Wales, Cardiff ) and Imperial College London (formerly a college of the University of London). Similarly Newcastle University was part of the federal University of Durham until 1963 and the University of Dundee was a college of the University of St Andrews until 1967. A number of autonomous universities in South Africa were formerly colleges of the University of South Africa . Many of

6500-447: The 16th century: Collegio Borromeo , founded in 1561, and Collegio Ghislieri , founded in 1567) and 12 public colleges. However, neither in Pavia nor in any other Italian university do students have to be members of colleges. The University of Macau has moved to a residential college system since 2010, when two pilot colleges were established. Further colleges have been founded since, and

6630-448: The 1750s of Leinster Granite from Golden Hill, Co Wicklow, and Portland Stone was used for the architraves , swags , and Corinthian pilasters and half-columns... The masonry cost £27,000. Between 1990 and 1992 the central portion of the building was cleaned. Passing through the gateway one walks over a wooden floor of interlocking hexagonal setts (similar in pattern to the basaltic Giant's Causeway ), and into Parliament Square, which

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6760-655: The 17th and 18th centuries, persisted until 1834, when they (along with the religious orders that ran then) were suppressed following the Portuguese civil war. The colleges of Paris were closed along with the university itself and the rest of the French universities after the French Revolution, as were the colleges of the University of Salamanca . While the continental universities retained control over their colleges, in England it

6890-626: The 1950s, at the height of Archbishop McQuaid's efforts In 1944 Archbishop of Dublin John Charles McQuaid required Catholics in the Dublin archdiocese to obtain a special dispensation before entering the university, under threat of automatic excommunication . The ban was extended nationally at the Plenary Synod of Maynooth in August 1956. Despite this sectarianism, 1958 saw the first Catholic reach

7020-481: The 20th century dependent colleges of the central university, without separate legal identities, and all London colleges received funds through the University of London rather than directly. The trend since the latter half of the 20th century has been for increased decentralisation; taken to its ultimate, this has led some colleges to formally end their relations with the parent university to become degree-awarding universities. Examples include Cardiff University (formerly

7150-448: The Arts . It was announced as a planned-university in 2021, and took its present name in 2022. UAS will be the seventh local university of Singapore, and also will be the only publicly-funded private university other than the defunct and restructured UniSIM in Singapore. UAS will have its own degree-conferring power in Singapore. There are a number of British universities with colleges of different types. Some are listed bodies under

7280-575: The Arts, in Spanish: UNA - Universidad Nacional de las Artes , established in 1993 as a Collegiate University, incorporation of various national institutions dedicated to the teaching of fine arts. The origins of the current UNA University lay in the 1875 founding of the National Society of the Stimulus of the Arts by painters Eduardo Schiaffino, Eduardo Sívori, and others. Their guild was rechartered as

7410-441: The Board of Trinity as a Senior Fellow . In 1962 the School of Commerce and the School of Social Studies amalgamated to form the School of Business and Social Studies. In 1969 several schools and departments were grouped into Faculties as follows: Arts (Humanities and Letters); Business, Economic and Social Studies; Engineering and Systems Sciences; Health Sciences (since October 1977 all undergraduate teaching in dental science in

7540-399: The College of the Good Children of St Honore (1208–1209) – although these may both have had more of the character of grammar schools than colleges of the university  – various monastic colleges starting with the Dominicans in 1217, and the College of Sorbonne for non-monastic theology students in 1257. From Paris, the idea spread to Oxford, where William of Durham , who had been

7670-504: The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin , is headed by the provost. Linda Doyle has been provost since August 2021. The terms " University of Dublin " and "Trinity College" are generally considered synonymous for all practical purposes. Trinity was originally founded using the model of the University of Oxford and University of Cambridge in England , which are collegiate universities that each comprise several quasi-independent colleges. In one sense,

7800-409: The Crown was instinctive and they were proud to be British subjects and Commonwealth citizens", and that "The College still clung, so far as circumstances permitted, to its pre-Treaty loyalties, symbolized by the flying of the Union Jack on suitable occasions and a universal wearing of poppies on Armistice Day, the chapel being packed for the two minutes' silence followed by a lusty rendering of 'God Save

7930-462: The DIT obtained degree-granting powers of its own. The School of Pharmacy was established in 1977, and around the same time, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was transferred to University College Dublin in exchange for its Dental School. Student numbers increased sharply during the 1980s and 1990s, with total enrolment more than doubling, leading to pressure on resources and a subsequent investment programme. In 1991, Thomas Noel Mitchell became

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8060-446: The Dublin area has been in Trinity College); and Science. In the late 1960s, there was a proposal for University College Dublin , of the National University of Ireland, to become a constituent college of a newly reconstituted University of Dublin. This plan, suggested by Brian Lenihan and Donogh O'Malley , was dropped after officials of both universities opposed it. In 1970 the Catholic Church lifted its ban on Catholics attending

8190-480: The Faculty of Arts and Sciences on the St George campus are members of one of the colleges, students in other undergraduate faculties (Applied Science and Engineering, Architecture, Landscape and Design, Kinesiology and Physical Education, and Music) are only members of colleges if they live in a college residence, and the University of Toronto Mississauga and University of Toronto Scarborough are non-collegiate. Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario also has

8320-416: The Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin , is the sole constituent college of the University of Dublin , Ireland . Founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I who issued a royal charter on the advice of the Lord Chancellor of Ireland Adam Loftus , it is Ireland's oldest university and was modelled after the collegiate universities of both Oxford and Cambridge , with whom it shares

8450-427: The House is actually on Grafton Street , one of the two principal shopping streets in the city, while its garden faces into the college. The Douglas Hyde Gallery , a contemporary art gallery, is in the college, as is the Samuel Beckett Theatre. It hosts national and international performances and is used by the Dublin International Theatre Festival, the Dublin Dance Festival, and The Fringe Festival, among others. During

8580-530: The King...". "But by the close of the 1960s... Trinity, with the overwhelming majority of its undergraduate population coming from the Republic, to a great extent conformed to local patterns". The School of Commerce was established in 1925, and the School of Social Studies in 1934. Also in 1934, the first female professor was appointed. Young men may loot, perjure and shoot And even have carnal knowledge. But however depraved, their souls will be saved If they don't go to Trinity College. —verse popular in

8710-561: The National Academy of Fine Arts in 1905 and, then in 1923, on the initiative of painter and academic Ernesto de la Cárcova, created as a department of arts extension education in the University of Buenos Aires , known as the Superior Art School of the Nation in Spanish "Escuela Nacional Superior de las Artes" . In Australia, many universities have residential college systems, often combining independent (frequently denominational) and university-owned colleges. Some universities also have non-collegiate residences. Collegiate universities include

8840-408: The Naughton Institute on the college's Pearse Street side, includes an Innovation and Entrepreneurial hub, a 600-seat auditorium, "smart classrooms" with digital technology, and an "executive education centre". The near-zero energy building provides a link between the city and the main University grounds. Trinity also incorporates a number of buildings and facilities spread throughout the city, from

8970-451: The Old Library receives 600,000 visitors per year, making it Dublin's third-most visited tourist destination. In the 18th century, the college received the Brian Boru harp , one of the three surviving medieval Gaelic harps, and a national symbol of Ireland, now housed in the library. The buildings known as the college's BLU ( B erkeley L ecky U ssher) Arts library complex consist of the Berkeley Library in Fellow's Square, built in 1956;

9100-400: The Principal of the University of Edinburgh in 1870 divided them into three types: collegiate (Oxford, Cambridge and Durham), professorial (the Scottish universities – St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh – and the new colleges in Manchester and London) and non-teaching examination boards (London). However, even at that time drawing hard lines was difficult: Oxford had, until

9230-403: The Trinity College Enterprise Centre some distance away, and buildings provide around 200,000 m of floor space, ranging from works of older architecture to more modern buildings. The college's main entrance is on College Green, and its grounds are bounded by Nassau and Pearse Streets. The college is bisected by College Park , which has both a cricket and a rugby pitch. The college's western side

9360-507: The UK and the University of Pavia in Italy have a mix of independent and university-owned (or, in the case of Pavia, state-owned) colleges. In many collegiate universities, following the pattern of Oxford and Cambridge, membership of a college is obligatory for students, but in others it is either not necessary or only necessary for students in particular faculties, e.g. at the University of Toronto, where

9490-587: The US state systems started as single campuses but have evolved to become federal systems, and the University of the Philippines similarly started as one campus but is now a system of "constituent universities". There are around 80 universities around the world with residential college systems. In Argentina, the first educational institution to host this administrative format was IUNA Instituto Universitario Nacional de las Artes, since 2014 renamed UNA National University of

9620-450: The US were previously non-collegiate but have established residential colleges in the 20th or 21st century. There were around 30 universities with residential colleges in the US in 2010, examples include: Many state university systems consist of campuses that are legally part of a single corporation (e.g., the Regents of the University of California is the corporation that owns and operates

9750-488: The United Kingdom in the 1830s, and has been described as "a far better model for people at other institutions to look to, than are the independent colleges of Oxford and Cambridge". This has been widely followed in the US, where the colleges at universities such as Harvard, Yale and Princeton are entirely owned by the central university. Some universities, such as the University of Otago in New Zealand, Durham University in

9880-454: The University of Dublin exists only as a degree-granting institution, with the college providing the education and research; Trinity College was the only college to ever be established within the university. Constituent college For universities with residential colleges , the principal difference between these and non-collegiate halls of residence (or dormitories) is that "colleges are societies (Latin collegia ), not buildings". This

10010-447: The University of London from 1900. The level of legal separation – e.g. whether the colleges are separate corporate bodies – varies between universities. As the colleges are primarily teaching institutions, they may not always be residential communities and many are effectively universities in their own right. Some colleges are part of loose federations that allow them to exercise nearly complete self-governance, and even (as in

10140-587: The World ) , Samuel Beckett ( Waiting for Godot ) , Sally Rooney ( Normal People ) , Eoin Colfer ( Artemis Fowl ) , William Trevor ( Felicia's Journey ) , J. P. Donleavy ( The Ginger Man ) , Thomas Moore ( Lalla Rookh ) , Nahum Tate ( The History of King Lear ) , David Benioff ( Troy ) and D.B. Weiss ( Game of Thrones ) . Alumni also include 4 Presidents of Ireland and 4 Nobel Laureates , as well as academics, mathematicians and philosophers who shaped

10270-478: The academic term, it is predominantly used as a teaching and performance space for drama students and staff. The college's eastern side is occupied by science buildings, most of which are modern developments, arranged in three rows instead of quadrangles. In 2010, Forbes ranked it one of the 15 most beautiful college grounds in the world. The current chapel was completed in 1798, and was designed by George III's architect, Sir William Chambers , who also designed

10400-679: The bishops saw as thoroughly Protestant in ethos, and in light of the establishment of the Catholic University of Ireland , implemented a general ban on Catholics entering Trinity College, with few exceptions. "The ban", despite its longevity, is associated in the popular mind with Archbishop of Dublin John Charles McQuaid , as he was made responsible for enforcing it from 1956 until the Catholic Bishops of Ireland rescinded it in 1970, shortly before McQuaid's retirement. Until 1956, it

10530-484: The book depository, "Stacks", in Santry , from which requests are retrieved twice daily. The Library proper comprises several buildings in the college. The original (Old) Library is Thomas Burgh's masterpiece. A huge building, it originally towered over the university and city after its completion. Even today, surrounded by similarly scaled buildings, it is imposing and dominates the view of the university from Nassau Street. It

10660-442: The case of colleges of the University of London ) award their own degrees. Other colleges are not legally separate from their parent university, e.g. the University of the Arts, London (UAL) in the UK and many state university systems in the US. In some US state systems, a " flagship campus " may be identified – often the original campus of the system – which is considered (either officially or informally) to stand above

10790-587: The college seeks to compete for funding at the global level. Comparative funding statistics reviewing the difference in departmental unit costs and overall costs before and after this restructuring are not apparent. The Hamilton Mathematics Institute in Trinity College, named in honour of William Rowan Hamilton , was launched in 2005 and aims to improve the international profile of Irish mathematics, to raise public awareness of mathematics and to support local mathematical research through workshops, conferences and

10920-512: The college without special dispensation. At the same time, Trinity College authorities invited the appointment of a Catholic chaplain to be based in the college. There are now two such Catholic chaplains. From 1975, the Colleges of Technology that now form the Dublin Institute of Technology had their degrees conferred by the University of Dublin. This arrangement was discontinued in 1998 when

11050-555: The college's Roman Catholic members. In addition to the Anglican chaplain, who is known as the Dean of Residence, there are two Roman Catholic chaplains and one Methodist chaplain. Ecumenical events are often held in the chapel, such as the annual carol service and the service of thanksgiving on Trinity Monday. The Library of Trinity College is Ireland's largest research library. As a result of its historic standing, Trinity College Library Dublin

11180-484: The colleges are all associated with the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Sometimes, as noted above, referred to as federal universities , these are universities where the teaching function is entirely carried out by constituent colleges, which will often have their own faculties and departments. This is represented by examples such as Oxford and Cambridge up to the mid 19th century, the University of Wales from 1893 to 2007, and

11310-412: The colleges of Oxford or Paris. Colleges evolved in different directions in different places, but many European universities lost their colleges in the early 18th century. At the University of Coimbra , for example, many colleges were established in the 16th century, although these were limited to the study of theology with the other faculties remaining non-collegiate. These colleges, joined by others in

11440-541: The colleges: Collegiate universities where all teaching is carried out in the colleges: Unitary universities with centralised teaching and associated colleges that carry out their own teaching: The US has a wide variety of systems. There are a number of universities with residential colleges , most of which are owned by the central university, which may be referred to as residential colleges or as houses. These do not normally participate in formal teaching, although there are exceptions to this. Most collegiate universities in

11570-427: The distinction as being one of governance and distribution of authority. A distinction is sometimes made between federal universities , collegiate universities (where the college is the primary academic unit, i.e. Oxford and Cambridge) and universities that have residential colleges but where these do not participate in teaching. One definition of a collegiate university states that "it's the sense of community within

11700-421: The endowments, considerable landed estates were secured and new fellowships were founded. The books which formed the foundation of the great library were acquired, a curriculum was devised and statutes were framed. Trinity was originally the university of the Protestant Ascendancy for much of its history, given the conditions for its establishment. While Catholics were admitted from the college's foundation, for

11830-532: The entire University of California system), but are operationally independent. Examples of such institutions include the University of California , the State University of New York , the University of Michigan , the University of Texas System . Like UC Santa Cruz , UC San Diego also has a residential college system inspired by the British model. At both campuses, the academic resources are provided primarily by

11960-457: The equivalent change at the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford . Certain disabilities remained. In December 1845 Denis Caulfield Heron was the subject of a hearing at Trinity College. He had previously been examined and, on merit, declared a Scholar of the college, but had not been allowed to take up his place due to his Catholic religion. Heron appealed to the Courts, which issued

12090-569: The federal University of New Zealand was established in 1874. A modification of the University of London plan was used for the Queen's University of Ireland , established in 1850. This took in three newly established colleges: the Queen's Colleges of Belfast , Cork and Galway . This was more federal than London, but proved inflexible and was replaced in 1880 by the Royal University of Ireland , which

12220-455: The first Roman Catholic elected Provost of Trinity College. Trinity College is today in the centre of Dublin. At the beginning of the new century, it embarked on a radical overhaul of academic structures to reallocate funds and reduce administration costs, resulting in, for instance, the reduction from six to five to eventually three faculties under a subsequent restructuring. The ten-year strategic plan prioritises four research themes with which

12350-437: The five undergraduate colleges operate two intercollegiate athletic programs , with Claremont, Harvey Mudd, and Scripps forming one program and Pomona and Pitzer the other. Some universities that once featured collegiate systems have lost them to mergers or suppression, due to financial, political or other reasons, or (in the case of federal universities) the individual colleges becoming independent universities. Examples include

12480-431: The formal teaching from the central administration of the university. Any full-time undergraduate at the university may apply for affiliation to a college. The three original colleges were founded as separate institutions which federated to found the university in 1963, and over the first two and a half decades teaching departments were merged as the university became more centralised. The City University of Hong Kong has

12610-436: The formerly independent French universities as "academies" within a single university structure. Unlike Oxford and Cambridge, the affiliated colleges of London (which were spread across the country, not confined to London) were not constituent parts of the university and had no say in its running. Another major difference was that both UCL and King's were non-residential, providing teaching but not accommodation. This would provide

12740-399: The foundation of New College – also the first college there to take undergraduate students. In Bologna and other Italian universities, the colleges, as Rashdall put it, "remained to the last (what all Colleges were originally intended to be) eleemosynary institutions for the help of poor students, boarding-houses and not places of education" and never acquired the same importance as

12870-599: The founding Letters Patent were amended by succeeding monarchs, such as James I in 1613 and most notably Charles I in 1637 - he increased the number of fellows from seven to 16, established the Board – then the Provost and the seven senior Fellows – and reduced the panel of Visitors in size. Further major changes were made in the reign of Queen Victoria, and more again by the Oireachtas , including in 2000. The college, officially incorporated as The Provost, Fellows and Scholars of

13000-470: The idea of the examining university with affiliated colleges around the British Empire , in particular to Canada where the University of Toronto was refounded as an examining university, its teaching arm becoming University College, Toronto , which federated other colleges in the region, and to India, where the universities of Calcutta , Madras and Bombay were founded in 1857, and New Zealand, where

13130-512: The intellectual heritage of western Europe. Notable faculty and lecturers at the university included Humphrey Lloyd , J. B. Bury , Erwin Schrödinger and E. T. Whittaker . A medieval University of Dublin was founded in 1320 under a papal brief issued by Pope Clement V in 1311, and the university maintained an intermittent existence at St. Patrick's Cathedral over the following centuries, but it did not flourish and finally came to an end at

13260-507: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SCH&oldid=1242233385 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Trinity College Dublin#Foundation Scholarship Trinity College Dublin ( Irish : Coláiste na Tríonóide, Bhaile Átha Cliath ), officially titled The College of

13390-495: The model for the civic colleges that were established in the major English cities, which later became the redbrick universities . After 1858 the requirement for colleges to be affiliated was dropped and London degrees were available to anyone who could pass the examinations. It was not until 1900 that London, after a period of sustained pressure from the teaching institutions in London, became a federal university. The London pattern spread

13520-530: The original role of the college as a residential rather than educational institution (c.f. Rashdall 's comments on the Bologna colleges, above). It also pioneered the concept of residential colleges being owned by the university rather than being established as independent corporations, which provided a useful model for modern institutions looking to establish colleges. Unlike the earlier foundation of Trinity College Dublin , which had been established as "the mother of

13650-540: The other campuses in the system (e.g. University of Wisconsin–Madison , University of Colorado Boulder ). Some universities may have centralised teaching but also have colleges that do not access that centralised teaching. Historically, this was the case at Durham University for the medical school and Armstrong College in the late 19th and early 20th century (prior to the formation of a true federal university in 1908) and for University College Stockton from 1994 to 2001. The two colleges of Queen's University Belfast , which

13780-490: The other side of College Green, made generous grants for building. The first building of this period was the Old Library, begun in 1712, followed by The Printing House and the Dining Hall. During the second half of the century, Parliament Square slowly emerged. The great building drive was completed in the early 19th century by Botany Bay, the square which derives its name in part from the herb garden it once contained (and which

13910-492: The politics and sociology departments on Dame Street to the Faculty of Health Sciences buildings, located at St. James's Hospital and Tallaght University Hospital . The Trinity Centre at St James's Hospital incorporates additional teaching rooms, as well as the Institute of Molecular Medicine and John Durkan Leukaemia Institute. The library has a large book depository in Santry. The college's botanic garden, which developed from

14040-434: The principal university of the ruling Protestant Ascendancy elites for over two centuries. Academically, it is divided into three faculties comprising 23 schools, offering degree and diploma courses at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Admissions to the college are based exclusively on academic merit, with its courses in law, literature and humanities being highly selective. Trinity College Dublin

14170-404: The public theatre opposite the chapel on Parliament Square. Reflecting the college's Anglican heritage, there are daily services of Morning prayer , weekly services of Evensong , and Holy Communion is celebrated on Tuesdays and Sundays. It is no longer compulsory for students to attend these. The chapel has been ecumenical since 1970, and is now also used daily in the celebration of Mass for

14300-473: The three colleges all becoming universities in their own right. The federal University of Wales was created in 1893 as a national university for Wales, taking in pre-existing colleges in Aberystwyth, Cardiff and Bangor that had been preparing students for London degrees. It lasted as a federal university until 2007, when it became a confederal non-membership degree-awarding body. The University of Durham became

14430-444: The universities as the tutors had taken over the teaching from the professors. Royal Commissions in the 1850s led to Acts of Parliament in 1854 (for Oxford) and 1856 (for Cambridge) that, among other measures, limited the power of the colleges. Prior to these reforms, however, the first two new universities in England for over 600 years were established, both offering new versions of the collegiate university. The University of Durham

14560-410: The universities with only limited involvement in teaching. The American state university systems also developed federal-style universities with autonomous campuses (although normally not legally independent). As these systems often developed from a single original campus, this often became identified as the 'flagship' campus of the state system. An early typology of British university institutions by

14690-518: The university became collegiate in 2014, with 10 colleges in operation. In New Zealand the University of Otago has 15 residential colleges , of which one (Abbey College) is postgraduate-only, nine are undergraduate-only and five take both postgraduate and undergraduate students. Most of the colleges are owned and managed by the university, but there are five independent "affiliated colleges" ( City College , Knox College , St Margaret's College , Salmond College and Selwyn College ). Membership of

14820-460: The university college in Dundee , founded 1881, became a college of the University of St Andrews in 1897 before becoming an independent university in 1967. The idea of the residential college spread to America in the early 20th century, with Harvard and Yale both establishing colleges (called "houses" at Harvard) in the 1930s. Like the Durham colleges, these were colleges established and owned by

14950-437: The university's teaching with their own tutorials, some universities have built colleges that do not provide teaching but still perform much of the housing and social duties. Such colleges are planned, built and funded entirely by the central administration and are thus dependent on it, however they still retain their own administrative structures and have a degree of independence. This system was pioneered at Durham University in

15080-586: The university, but each residential college follows its own educational philosophy and sets out its own degree requirements. The Claremont Colleges in California operate a hybrid federal-constituent system. All 7 colleges are independently governed: Pomona College , Scripps College , Claremont McKenna College , Harvey Mudd College , Pitzer College as undergraduate colleges as well as Claremont Graduate University and Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences as graduate universities. Their founding model

15210-621: Was an examining university based more directly on London. Also in 1880 another federal university, the Victoria University , was established in the north of England to solve the problem of Owen's College, Manchester, seeking university status. This originally just took in Owen's College, but grew to take in university colleges in Leeds and Liverpool. However, it unravelled in 1903-4 after Birmingham successfully became England's first unitary university, with

15340-513: Was based on that of the University of Oxford and they are linked through the Claremont University Consortium , though, unlike other constituent college systems, degrees are conferred separately by the seven constituent institutions and they exist as universities and liberal arts colleges in their own right. The colleges are spread over a square mile site and share certain departmental, library and research facilities. In addition,

15470-569: Was established in 1992 by an Act of Parliament as an affiliating university of the country to impart graduate and post-graduate level education to the students through its affiliated colleges, schools and professional institutions throughout the country. It is the second largest university in the world according to enrollment. The headquarters is in Gazipur , on the outskirts of Dhaka . After its establishment, it affiliated association degree awarding colleges, where many of them were previously affiliated by

15600-461: Was ever founded, hence the curious position of Trinity College, Dublin (TCD), today. All of the teaching is provided by the college, with degrees being awarded by the university. Within the Republic of Ireland , the four constituent universities of the federal National University of Ireland (NUI) are, for all essential purposes, independent universities. The other truly collegiate university in Ireland

15730-430: Was founded in 1832, taking Oxford for its model, and University College, Durham was created at the same time. This college, unlike those of Oxford and Cambridge, was not legally distinct from the university and nor was it responsible for teaching, which was carried out by university professors rather than college tutors. This restored the teaching role of the central university that had been lost at Oxford and Cambridge and

15860-702: Was founded in 1912 and has its own charter. The university also established Robert Black College in 1967 as a university guesthouse. Over the past decade some of the new residential halls were named colleges, including the Lap-Chee College, the Shun Hing College and the Chi Sun College. Centennial College, a provider of post-secondary education, is affiliated with the university. The Chinese University of Hong Kong has 9 colleges which provide pastoral support and non-formal learning opportunities to supplement

15990-479: Was founded with an endowment by Walter de Merton in 1264. These original Oxford colleges were "merely endowed boardinghouses for impoverished scholars", and were limited to those who had already received their Bachelor of Arts degree and were reading for higher degrees (usually theology). It was not until 1305 that teaching started in the College of Navarre in Paris, an innovation that reached Oxford in 1379 with

16120-510: Was founded with the college and first endowed by James Ussher (1625–56), Archbishop of Armagh, who endowed his own valuable library, comprising several thousand printed books and manuscripts, to the college. The Book of Kells is by far the Library's most famous book and is in the Old Library, along with the Book of Durrow , the Book of Howth and other ancient texts. Also incorporating the Long Room,

16250-535: Was in a position to play its full part, with such teachers as Graves and Stokes, in the great age of Dublin medicine. The Engineering School was established in 1842 and was one of the first of its kind in Ireland and Britain. While Catholics were officially admitted from the foundation, graduation was complicated by the requirement of oaths. Following early steps in Catholic Emancipation , these oaths were removed, allowing Catholics to graduate in 1793, before

16380-728: Was renamed the Eavan Boland Library after the Irish poet Eavan Boland . The Library also includes the William Hamilton Science and Engineering Library and the John Stearne Medical Library, housed at St James's Hospital. The Trinity College Business School's building is in an €80 million construction project and was inaugurated on 23 May 2019 by the Taoiseach , Leo Varadkar , an alumnus of Trinity College School of Medicine. The six-storey building, adjoining

16510-416: Was succeeded by Trinity College's own Botanic Gardens). The 19th century was also marked by important developments in the professional schools. The law school was reorganized after the middle of the century. Medical teaching had been given in the college since 1711, but it was only after the establishment of the school on a firm basis by legislation in 1800, and under the inspiration of one Macartney, that it

16640-409: Was the Archbishop of Dublin , Adam Loftus (after whose former college at Cambridge the institution was named), and he was provided with two initial Fellows, James Hamilton and James Fullerton . Two years after the foundation, a few Fellows and students began to work in the new college, which then lay around one small square. During the 50 years following the foundation, the community increased

16770-407: Was the colleges that came to dominate the universities. The Hebdomadal Board was established by William Laud at Oxford in 1631 with the intent of diluting the influence of Congregation (the assembly of regent masters) and Convocation (the assembly of all graduates). This led to criticism in the 19th century, with William Hamilton alleging that the colleges had unlawfully usurped the functions of

16900-508: Was the responsibility of each local bishop. In April 1900, Queen Victoria visited College Green in Dublin. Women were admitted to Trinity College as full members for the first time in 1904. From 1904 to 1907, women from Oxford and Cambridge, who were admitted but not granted degrees, came to Trinity College to receive their ad eundem degree ; they were known as Steamboat ladies and the fees they paid helped to fund Trinity Hall . In 1907,

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