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30-462: Initially a part of the Principality of Murom , it fully split off from the Principality of Chernigov by 1129 as Murom-Ryazan . Murom was taken by Moscow in 1392, while Ryazan later became dependent on Moscow and was formally taken over by Vasili in 1521, and incorporated into the centralized Russian state. It maintained its formal independence longer than any other Russian principality. Initially

60-465: A monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state , ruled or reigned over by a regnant- monarch with the title of prince and/or princess , or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under the generic meaning of the term prince . Most of these states have historically been a polity , but in some occasions were rather territories in respect of which a princely title is held. The prince's estate and wealth may be located mainly or wholly outside

90-502: A feudal polity (often a former secular principality in the broad sense) held ex officio — the closest possible equivalent to hereditary succession — by a prince of the church , styled more precisely according to his ecclesiastical rank, such as prince-bishop , prince-abbot or, especially as a form of crusader state, grand master . Some of these instances were merely religious offices without sovereign power over any territory, while others, such as Salzburg and Durham , shared some of

120-442: A part of the Principality of Chernigov , Murom-Ryazan became a separate principality under the reign of Yaroslav Sviatoslavich after he was ousted from Chernigov by Vsevolod Olgovich , which remained in possession of his descendants after he died in 1129. The political centre of the principality was later moved to Ryazan. By the end of the 12th century, the principality waged wars with the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Vladimir . In

150-616: Is also sometimes used generically for any small monarchy, especially for small sovereign states ruled by a monarch of a lesser rank than a king, such as a Fürst (usually translated in English as "prince"), as in Liechtenstein, or a Grand Duke . No sovereign duchy currently exists, but Luxembourg is a surviving example of a sovereign grand duchy. Historically there have been sovereign principalities with many styles of ruler, such as Countship , Margraviate and even Lordship , especially within

180-404: Is the best vehicle to realise the aspirations of a people, became popular in the late 19th century. A characteristic of nationalism is an identity with a larger region such as an area sharing a common language and culture. With this development, principalities fell out of favour. As a compromise, many principalities united with neighbouring regions and adopted constitutional forms of government, with

210-570: The Battle of Kulikovo , although he was an ally of Mamai . During almost all its history, the Ryazan Principality conflicted with its provincial Pronsk Principality until Ryazan completely annexed Pronsk in 1483 during the regency of Anna of Ryazan . In 1520, Grand Prince Vasili III of Russia captured and imprisoned in Moscow the last Grand Prince of Ryazan Ivan V because of his relations with

240-582: The Crimean Khan Mehmed I Giray . In 1521, Prince Ivan Ivanovich fled into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . After that, in 1521, the Ryazan Principality was merged with Muscovy. Principality of Murom The Principality of Murom ( Russian : Муромское княжество ), also referred to as the Murom-Ryazan Principality ( Russian : Муромо-Рязанское княжество ) until the mid-12th century,

270-571: The Holy Roman Empire . While the preceding definition would seem to fit a princely state perfectly, the European historical tradition is to reserve that word for native monarchies in colonial countries, and to apply "principality" to the European monarchies. Though principalities existed in antiquity, even before the height of the Roman Empire , the principality as it is known today developed in

300-524: The Middle Ages between 750 and 1450 when feudalism was the primary economic and social system in much of Europe. Feudalism increased the power of local princes within a king's lands. As princes continued to gain more power over time, the authority of the king was diminished in many places. This led to political fragmentation as the king's lands were broken into mini-states ruled by princes and dukes who wielded absolute power over their small territories. This

330-595: The Mongol invasion . The duchy was completely overrun, with almost the whole princely family killed, the capital destroyed and later moved to the present-day location of Ryazan , located 40 miles north from the original site of the capital today known as Ryazan Staraya (Old Ryazan). In 1238, some of the armed forces of Ryazan withdrew to unite with the Vladimir-Suzdal army and meet with the forces of Batu Khan near Kolomna . In 1301 Prince Daniel of Moscow took Ryazan due to

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360-591: The boyars ' betrayal and imprisoned Prince Konstantin Romanovich  [ ru ] . In 1305 Daniel's son Prince Yury of Moscow ordered his death. The two next successors of Konstantin were killed by the Golden Horde . In 1371, the Muscovites defeated prince Oleg II Ivanovich of Ryazan in the Battle of Skornishchevo ; he was exiled for six months before returning to his throne. In 1380, Oleg II did not take part in

390-504: The 10th century, as evidenced by Frankish swords, a tortoiseshell brooch and a sword chape. The Primary Chronicle alleges that Murom came under the control of the Rus' in the 9th century. Gleb Vladimirovich , son of Vladimir the Great , ruled the principality in the early 11th century. Murom was part of the territory of the Principality of Chernigov in the late 11th century, controlled by

420-707: The Habsburgs in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), when these institutions were abolished by the Bourbons due to their support for the Habsburg pretender. "Principality of Asturias" is the official name of autonomous community of Asturias , however, the term "Principality of Catalonia" or simply "Principality" remains in popular and informal contexts to refer to the autonomous community of Catalonia . The term "principality"

450-595: The Sviatoslavichi, the descendants of Yaroslav the Wise ; probably it was retained by Vsevolod Yaroslavich even after this prince of Chernigov became the grand prince in 1076. Oleg Sviatoslavich , a grandson of Yaroslav and the prince of Chernigov, ruled Murom through a posadnik in the early 1090s, and it was recognised as Oleg's sphere of influence at the Liubech Conference of 1097. Here Oleg's brother Davyd

480-543: The characteristics of secular princes. Prior to the European colonialism, South Asia and South East Asia were under the influence of the Indosphere , where numerous Indianized principalities and empires flourished for several centuries in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Cambodia and Vietnam. The influence of Indian culture into these areas was given the term indianization . George Coedes defined it as

510-495: The course of that stand-off, the city of Ryazan was burned twice in a span of twenty years from 1186 to 1208. In 1217, there was a culmination point in the history of Ryazan when during the civil war inside the Duchy six leaders of the state were killed by Gleb Vladimirovich who later defected to the Cumans . Around that time the duchy came under significant influence of Vladimir-Suzdal which

540-616: The distinction between those areas and the March of Wales . The Principality of Catalonia was a state located in the north-eastern area of the Iberian Peninsula and southern France between the late 12th and early 18th centuries, as the term for the political entity ruled by the Catalan Courts (the parliament) as a member of the composite monarchy of the Crown of Aragon , until the defeat of

570-502: The expansion of an organized culture that was framed upon Indian originations of royalty, Hinduism and Buddhism and the Sanskrit dialect . This can be seen in the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism . Indian honorifics also influenced the Malay , Thai , Filipino and Indonesian honorifics. In the colonial context, the term princely states was used, especially for those that came under

600-677: The first millennium, and this trend subsequently led to the creation of such states as France , Portugal , and Spain . Another form of consolidation was orchestrated in Italy during the Renaissance by the Medici family. A banking family from Florence , the Medici took control of governments in various Italian regions and even assumed the papacy . They then appointed family members as princes and assured their protection. Prussia also later expanded by acquiring

630-607: The geographical confines of the principality. Generally recognised surviving sovereign principalities are Liechtenstein , Monaco , and the co-principality of Andorra . Extant royal primogenitures styled as principalities include Asturias (Spain). The Principality of Wales existed in the northern and western areas of Wales between the 13th and 16th centuries; the Laws in Wales Act 1535 which legally incorporated Wales within England removed

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660-513: The monarch acting as a mere figurehead while administration was left in the hands of elected parliaments. The trend in the 19th and 20th centuries was the abolition of various forms of monarchy and the creation of republican governments led by popularly elected presidents. Several principalities where genealogical inheritance is replaced by succession in a religious office have existed in the Roman Catholic Church , in each case consisting of

690-554: The services provided to their citizens. Princes and dukes developed their lands, established new ports and chartered large thriving cities. Some used their new-found wealth to build palaces and other institutions now associated with sovereign states. While some principalities prospered in their independence, less successful states were swallowed by stronger royal houses. Europe saw consolidation of small principalities into larger kingdoms and empires . This had already happened in England in

720-741: The sway of a European colonising power: for example the British Indian and neighbouring or associated (e.g., Arabian) princely states were ruled by monarchs called Princes by the British, regardless of the native styles, which could be equivalent to royal or even imperial rank in the Indigenous cultures. Principalities have also existed in ancient and modern civilizations of Africa , Pre-Columbian America and Oceania . Several micronations , which de facto have few characteristics of sovereign states and are not recognized as such, more or less seriously claim

750-461: The territories of many other states. However, in the 17th to 19th centuries, especially within the Holy Roman Empire, the reverse was also occurring: many new small sovereign states arose as a result of transfers of land for various reasons. Notable principalities existed until the early 20th century in various regions of Germany and Italy . Nationalism , the belief that the nation-state

780-642: Was a principality with its capital in Murom , now in Vladimir Oblast , Russia . Murom lay in an area that was strongly Finnic and for much of its medieval history, located in the homeland of the Muromians . In 1392, it was incorporated into the Grand Principality of Moscow . It appears to have been an important Finnic settlement in the 9th century, with an archaeologically noticeable Scandinavian presence from

810-436: Was a factor in the fight of Ryazan to resume its sovereignty. In 1217, Gleb Vladimirovich with the support of Cumans tried to take Ryazan back out of the influence of the neighboring northern principality of Vladimir, but he was defeated by another Ryazan prince Ingvar Igorevich who in turn became a sole ruler of the state. In December 1237, the duchy became the first of all other former states of Kievan Rus' to suffer from

840-792: Was especially prevalent in Europe , and particularly with the Princes of the Holy Roman Empire . During the Late Middle Ages from 1200 to 1500, principalities were often at war with each other as royal houses asserted sovereignty over smaller principalities. These wars caused a great deal of instability and economies were destroyed. Episodes of bubonic plague also reduced the power of principalities to survive independently. Eventually, agricultural progress and development of new trade goods and services boosted commerce between principalities. Many of these states became wealthy, expanded their territories and improved

870-404: Was made co-ruler of Chernigov, and Oleg's lands were parcelled out between Oleg, Davyd and their brother Iaroslav; the latter obtained Murom with Ryazan . Murom appears to have been destroyed or at least devastated by the Mongol invasion of Rus' in 1237–1238. Khan Batu came to the frontier of Ryazan in the winter of 1237, and demanded tribute from the princes of Ryazan, Murom and Pronsk . This

900-727: Was rejected, and devastation of these lands followed. In 1392, Vasily I , the grand prince of Vladimir and Moscow , obtained a patent from Khan Tokhtamysh authorising the annexation of the Murom principality, along with the principalities of Nizhny Novgorod and Gorodets . After Iaroslav and the destruction of Murom by the Mongols, the princes of Murom disappear for nearly a century, resuming with: 59°56′N 30°20′E  /  59.933°N 30.333°E  / 59.933; 30.333 Principality List of forms of government A principality (or sometimes princedom ) can either be

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