A terrace , terraced house ( UK ), or townhouse ( US ) is a type of medium-density housing which first started in 16th century Europe with a row of joined houses sharing side walls . In the United States and Canada these are sometimes known as row houses or row homes.
118-509: The Royal Crescent is a row of 30 terraced houses laid out in a sweeping crescent in the city of Bath , England. Designed by the architect John Wood, the Younger , and built between 1767 and 1774, it is among the greatest examples of Georgian architecture to be found in the United Kingdom and is a Grade I listed building . Although some changes have been made to the various interiors over
236-482: A Palladian style. The central house (now the Royal Crescent Hotel) boasts two sets of coupled columns with a single window between them which is the middle of the crescent. They are built of Bath stone. They have slate roofs but were originally stone tiled. The appearance of each house is very similar with only minor variations between them, for example, some have small balconettes on the first floor. Many of
354-732: A Jain temple in Jaisingh Pura, and the Jantar Mantar . Plans to have a central business district were developed as the construction of the new capital of British India began to take shape. Headed by W.H. Nicholls, the chief architect to the Government of India , the plans featured a central plaza based on the European Renaissance and in the Classical style. However, Nicholls left India in 1917, and with Lutyens and Baker preoccupied with
472-505: A PVR theatre complex, and various dining outlets. The Central Park of Connaught Place has gained a reputation for hosting cultural events and is regarded as one of the city's top local hangouts. In 2005–06, Central Park was rebuilt following the construction of the Delhi Metro station beneath it. This station, Rajiv Chowk , serves as an interchange for the Yellow and Blue lines and is one of
590-604: A Victorian terrace with a house built after 1980, and found that: The research demonstrated that, contrary to earlier thinking, older housing actually costs less to maintain and occupy over the long-term life of the dwelling than more modern housing. Largely due to the quality and life-span of the materials used, the Victorian terraced house proved almost £1,000 per 100 m cheaper to maintain and inhabit on average each year. Halifax's use of rowhouses, townhouses and terraced housing has been consistent throughout its history, particularly on
708-435: A big circle in the middle with radial roads beaming in all directions. Eight separate roads extend from Connaught Place's inner circle, named Parliament Street and Radial Roads 1 through 7. Twelve different roads lead out from Connaught Circus, the outer ring. The best known of these is Janpath , the continuation of Radial Road 1. Connaught Place is a logically planned area and is home to one of India’s first underground markets,
826-440: A common design and construction. The first and last of the houses is called an end terrace and is often a different layout from the houses in the middle, sometimes called mid-terrace. In Australia, the term "terrace house" refers almost exclusively to Victorian and Edwardian era terraces or replicas almost always found in the older, inner city areas of the major cities. Terraced housing was introduced to Australia from Britain in
944-565: A decline in its former grandeur, though it continued to attract visitors. In response, the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) initiated several redevelopment projects to restore and enhance this iconic Delhi landmark. The plan included the provision of heritage sensitive signage, engineering improvements of roads, drainage sewerage, water supply and substations, development of a traffic management plan, provisions of street furniture including adequate parking, walkways etc. and enhancing
1062-556: A duel on Claverton Down and is buried in the churchyard at the Church of St Nicholas in Bathampton . From 1768 to 1774 number 9 was home to Philip Thicknesse , a soldier of fortune . Number 11 was home to the family of Thomas Linley , a singing-master and conductor of the concerts from 1771. His eldest daughter Elizabeth Ann Linley , a singer in her own right, eloped with the playwright and poet Richard Brinsley Sheridan . The centre house of
1180-593: A food processing brand established in the 1860s. Harnarains currently operates under the name Harnarains International. Davico's, located across Connaught Plaza, and the Standard restaurant were popular for decades before eventually fading away. Another long-standing establishment, the Embassy Restaurant, opened in 1948. New Delhi 's first luxury hotel , The Imperial , established in 1936 in Janpath , eventually became
1298-405: A frontal yard, rear yard, or both. A typical Malaysian and Singaporean terraced house is usually one or two floors high, but a handful of three or four storey terraced homes exist, especially newer terraced houses. Earlier variations followed traditional Western, Malay, India and Chinese architecture, as well as Art Deco and International stylings between the 1930s and 1950s. The manner in which
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#17328480484001416-470: A haunt for the royalty and a place for political discussions. It was here that Jawaharlal Nehru , Mohandas K. Gandhi , Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Lord Mountbatten met to discuss the Partition of India and the birth of Pakistan. Residents of Connaught Place gradually moved into the first-floor quarters, which were nearly fully occupied by 1938. However, it took another decade for the plaza to transform into
1534-437: A plan to convert the middle and inner circles of Connaught Place, into an exclusive pedestrian zone, starting February 2017. Under the auspices of the proposal, people driving into the area would have to park their vehicles at designated parking slots located at Shivaji Stadium and Palika Bazaar and subsequently proceed either on foot to Connaught Place or use the shuttle bus service. However, bicycles would have been allowed in
1652-459: A rooftop deck. While zoning codes do exist which can possibly prevent third stories from being added to homes, Philly Mag claims "The city’s 2012 zoning code overhaul, which increased the height limit for rowhouses from 35 to 38 feet, has made this option increasingly prevalent." San Francisco is also famous for its terraced houses, especially in the older neighborhoods of North Beach , the Castro ,
1770-602: Is a historic house museum , owned and maintained by the Bath Preservation Trust through its membership to illustrate how wealthy owners of the late 18th century might have furnished and occupied such a house. It was purchased in 1967 by Major Bernard Cayzer, a member of the family that made its fortune through the Clan shipping line. He donated it to the Trust with an amount of money for its restoration and furnishing. The restoration
1888-399: Is between through terraces , whose houses have both a front and a back door, and back-to-backs , which are bricked in on three sides. The 1875 Public Health Act imposed a duty on local authorities to regulate housing by the use of byelaws , and subsequently all byelaw terraced housing was required to have its own privy , with rear access to allow the night soil to be collected as per
2006-471: Is known today as "the Royal Crescent" was originally named "The Crescent." It is claimed that the adjective "Royal" was added at the end of the 18th century after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany had stayed there. He initially rented number one and later bought number 16. The Royal Crescent is close to Victoria Park and linked via Brock Street to The Circus which had been designed by John Wood,
2124-591: Is made of brick or stucco. The row houses of New York City are built with a variety of material, including brownstone , limestone , and brick , and some are wood-frame homes. Row houses are especially prominent in neighborhoods like Middle Village , Woodhaven and Jackson Heights in Queens ; Bay Ridge , Bensonhurst , Brooklyn Heights , Bushwick , Canarsie , Marine Park , Park Slope , and Sunset Park in Brooklyn ; and Williamsbridge , Wakefield , and Soundview in
2242-508: Is modelled after the Royal Crescent in Bath , designed by the architect John Wood the Younger and built between 1767 and 1774. While the Royal Crescent is semi-circular and a three-storied residential structure, Connaught Place consists of two floors, which made almost a complete circle intended to house commercial establishments on the ground with residential space on the first floor. The circle
2360-469: Is not known whether it was contemporary with the building of the Royal Crescent, however it is known that when it was first created it was deeper than it is at present. The railings between the crescent and the lawn were included in the Heritage at Risk Register produced by English Heritage but have been restored and removed from the register. In 2003, the archaeological television programme Time Team dug
2478-566: Is occasionally just one. This system of town planning is betrayed at the rear and can be seen from the road behind the Crescent: while the front is uniform and symmetrical, the rear is a mixture of differing roof heights, juxtapositions and fenestration . This architecture, described as " Queen Anne fronts and Mary-Anne backs ", occurs repeatedly in Bath. It was the first crescent of terraced houses to be built and an example of " rus in urbe " (the country in
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#17328480484002596-513: Is one of the main financial, commercial and business centres in New Delhi , Delhi, India. It houses the headquarters of several noted Indian firms and is a major shopping, nightlife, and tourist destination in New Delhi. As of July 2018, Connaught Place ranked as the ninth most expensive office location in the world, with an annual rent of $ 1,650 per square meter ($ 153 per sq ft). Connaught Place,
2714-481: Is the modernisation of exterior construction and façade. Certain older terrace houses tend to be converted for various new roles; some are converted into shophouses or business premises (including clubs, hotels and boarding homes–especially pre-independence houses–and kindergartens). Others have remained in use as residential units, are abandoned, neglected, or razed. Significant expansions are also common on all terrace homes; roofs and additional rooms may be added within
2832-744: The Back Bay , Beacon Hill , and the South End . Back Bay is famous for its rows of Victorian brick townhouse homes – considered one of the best-preserved examples of 19th-century urban design in the United States. Beacon Hill is a neighborhood in Boston consisting of Federal-style rowhouses . The South End is built mostly of mid-nineteenth century bowfronts – aesthetically uniform rows of five-story, predominantly red-brick structures, of mixed residential and commercial uses. In Chicago , row houses can be found in
2950-678: The Bath Blitz of World War II , known as the Baedecker Raids or Baedeker Blitz , some bomb damage occurred, the most serious being the gutting of numbers 2 and 17 by incendiaries. After World War II, during a period of redevelopment which is described as the Sack of Bath , the City Council considered plans that would have seen the Crescent transformed into Council offices. These were unsuccessful. During
3068-500: The Central Business Districts of the major cities. They are therefore sometimes quite expensive even though they may not be the preferred accommodation style. The lack of windows on the side, the small gardens, and the relative darkness of the rooms is at odds with the design favoured for modern Australian homes. In Belgium , the row houses are the predominant type of housing around the country and closely associated with
3186-776: The Haight-Ashbury , Russian Hill , the Mission District , Duboce Triangle and the Western Addition . The " Painted Ladies " on Steiner Street, in the Western Addition's Alamo Square district, although not strictly "terraced", are a symbol of the city. Other ornate, intricately-detailed Victorian-style homes labelled as "painted ladies" around the city are terraced, and others again are semi-detached. Several neighborhoods in Washington, D.C. feature rowhouses, often composing
3304-657: The Huguenot entrepreneur Nicholas Barbon in the rebuilding after the Great Fire of London . Fashionable terraces appeared in London's Grosvenor Square from 1727 onwards and in Bath 's Queen Square from 1729 onwards. The Scottish architect Robert Adam is credited with the development of the house itself. Early terraces were also built by the two John Woods in Bath and under the direction of John Nash in Regent's Park , London. The term
3422-565: The Italianate and Queen Anne architectural styles. As rowhouses are very common, the Philadelphia City Planning Commission (PCPC) publishes a specific guide for rowhouse home owners in an effort to detail some of the ways to maintain their properties. With space within the city's borders at a premium, there has been a push to add a third floor to an existing rowhouse's in recent times, often this third level would include
3540-547: The Netflix series Bridgerton and continued to be used in later seasons. The ITV television series McDonald & Dodds is set in Bath and makes frequent use of the Crescent as interstitial scenery as well as a shooting location. Terraced house Terrace housing can be found worldwide, though it is quite common in Europe and Latin America, and many examples can be found in
3658-597: The Palika Bazaar (Municipal Market), named after the Hindi term "nagarpalika" (municipal council). The Outer Circle, known as Connaught Circus (officially Indira Chowk), consists of rows of restaurants, shops, and hotels. On December 1, 2017, the historic Regal Building was reopened as Madame Tussauds Wax Museum, the first of its kind in India.The Middle Circle houses offices, banks, exchange facilities like Thomas Cook and ATW Exchange,
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3776-907: The Rashtrapati Bhavan , the seat of the President of India ), Secretariat Building , Parliament House , and India Gate (previously known as the All-India War Memorial) completed by 1933, well after the city's inauguration in 1931. Early commercial establishments belonged to traders from the Kashmere Gate area: Harnarain Gopinath (Harnarains), Kanter's, Galgotia and Snowhite. Some of the other oldest and still-extant establishments include Ram Chandra & Sons (1935), Novex (1937), Dhoomi Mal Gallery (1936), Vaish at Rivoli (1939), Indian Arts Palace (1935), Mahatta & Company (1947). Most rulers of
3894-679: The Rochdale system . As recently as 2011, byelaw terraced houses made up over 15% of the United Kingdom's housing stock. Since the Second World War, housing redevelopment has led to many outdated or dilapidated terraces being cleared to make room for tower blocks , which occupy a much smaller area of land. Because of this land use in the inner city areas could in theory have been used to create greater accessibility, employment or recreational or leisure centres. However, sub-optimal or flawed implementation has meant that in many areas (like Manchester or
4012-579: The Royal Crescent Hotel occupying the central properties of the Crescent, which were renovated and additional rooms in pavilions and coach houses within the gardens included in the accommodation. It was sold in 1978 to John Tham, the chairman of the London Sloane Club , and restored. It was later purchased by Von Essen Hotels , which became insolvent in 2011. In September 2011 it was expected that London & Regional Properties would purchase
4130-536: The Secretary of State for the Environment declaring that the door could remain yellow. Other proposals for alteration and development including floodlighting and a swimming pool have been defeated. The first resident of Number 1 was Thomas Brock, Town Clerk of Chester , for whom Brock Street was named. His sister Elizabeth had married the architect of the Crescent, John Wood, the Younger . Brock's first tenant at No. 1
4248-638: The Tapiola garden city, Espoo , from the 1950s. Terraced housing has long been a popular form in Paris, France. The Place des Vosges (1605–1612) was one of the earliest examples of the arrangement. In Parisian squares, central blocks were given discreet prominence, to relieve the façade. Terraced building including housing was also used primarily during Haussmann's renovation of Paris between 1852 and 1870 creating whole streetscapes consisting of terraced rows. The first streets of houses with uniform fronts were built by
4366-537: The rivitalo (literally: row house) has not been seen as a particularly urban house type. What is regarded as the first terraced house to be built, Ribbingshof (1916), in the new Helsinki suburb of Kulosaari was designed by renowned architect Armas Lindgren , and was inspired by ideas from the English Garden City movement and Hampstead Garden Suburb , and was seen as a relatively low density residential area. A similarly leafy suburban street of terraced houses
4484-559: The "Shiela Cinema" in Paharganj . The Rivoli, close to the Regal, was the smallest theatre in the area. Half a century later, while the vast majority of the theatres were still running, most changed ownership. The Plaza and Rivoli are now owned by multiplex giant PVR Cinemas , while the Odeon runs as a joint venture with Reliance Big Pictures . The area is instantly recognisable on any map of Delhi as
4602-570: The 1791 L'Enfant Plan . Outside of Washington DC many townhomes have been built in the last 50 years to encourage density especially around Metro stations and other areas of interest. In other cities throughout the United States, such as Albany, New York ; Cincinnati ; Cleveland ; Covington, Kentucky ; Detroit ; Hoboken, New Jersey ; Jersey City ; Lancaster, Pennsylvania ; Norfolk ; Pittsburgh ; Reading, Pennsylvania ; Richmond ; Troy ; and Wilmington, Delaware , row houses and terraced housing are also common, with row housing more focused on
4720-1005: The 19th century. Society Hill is known to have the largest concentration of original 18th- and early 19th-century residential architecture of any place in the United States. The style and type of material used in constructing Philadelphia's rowhouses vary throughout the city. Even in neighborhoods where twin houses are found, their façades and internal layouts usually resemble those of rowhouses. Most are primarily red brick in construction, often with white stone trim. Some are faced with stone, being brownstone on some blocks in Center City , South Philadelphia , and North Philadelphia and being Wissahickon schist in Mayfair in Northeast Philadelphia and Mt. Airy in Northwest Philadelphia . West Philadelphia has many colorful rowhouses in
4838-410: The 20th century many of the houses which had formerly been the residences of single families with maids or other staff were divided into flats and offices. However, the tradition of distinguished gentlefolk retiring to the crescent continued. The whole crescent was designated as a Grade I listed building in 1950. Number 16 became a guest house in 1950. In 1971 it was combined with number 15 to become
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4956-633: The American Express block. These properties were built and privately owned by Sobha Singh , as the British Government aimed to ensure Delhi had a blend of official and private spaces. Subsequently, Sardar Bahadur Dharam Singh Sethi and Sardar Bahadur Narain Singh of Akoi joined in developing the area, constructing buildings such as the Odeon Cinema and structures on the southern side. Connaught Place
5074-538: The Belgian culture and history. The Grand Place , the central historic place of the capital Brussels , is surrounded by private houses dating from the 17th century, reflecting the city as a mercantile power at that time in northern Europe. Later, in the 19th century, Belgium played an important role in the early history of industrial revolution like the United Kingdom , where an important amount of working class housing
5192-466: The Bronx . In historic Philadelphia , the rowhouse (almost always spelled as one word) has been the most common domestic building type in the city and some of its suburbs since colonial times. Some of the oldest rowhouses in the city are narrow three-story "Trinity" houses that accommodated a large population of indentured servants and immigrant workers, in addition to enclaves of free African-Americans in
5310-491: The Crescent are a mixture of tenures. After World War II when there was a shortage of housing and the city council bought up older properties, including some in Royal Crescent, as public housing to rent out. The Housing Act 1985 changed the succession of Council Houses and facilitated the transfer of council housing to not-for-profit housing associations . Several were subsequently sold into private ownership, however one remains in council ownership. No. 1 Royal Crescent
5428-450: The Crescent, where the Elliot family was supposedly living while in Bath. The Crescent featured in the 2008 film The Duchess , starring Keira Knightley . The fictional heroine of 2008 BBC1 archaeology thriller Bonekickers was depicted as living in the Crescent. In 2014, the hotel in the Crescent was a location for BBC1 series Our Girl . In 2020, the Crescent was first used in
5546-624: The Elder . The land on which the Royal Crescent stands was bought from Sir Benet Garrard of the Garrard baronets , who were the landlords, in December 1766. Between 1767 and 1775 John Wood designed the great curved facade with Ionic columns on a rusticated ground floor. Each original purchaser bought a length of the façade, and then employed their own architect to build a house behind the facade to their own specifications; hence what can appear to be two houses
5664-636: The Indian princely states had residences near King's Way (modern-day Rajpath ) and frequently visited nearby shops for designer clothing, artifacts, shoes, and pianos. Regal cinema , the first cinema in Connaught Place, opened around this time and went on to host popular concerts, theatre groups, and ballet performances. The Odeon and Rivoli followed the Regal, while the Indian Talkie House opened in 1938. Initially, only Indian snacks were available in
5782-659: The Inner Circle came into use in the late 1970s with the construction of an underground market, the first in Delhi, Palika Bazaar , at the junction point. Stretching up to the Outer Circle, it also came with an adjoining underground parking lot. Concurrently, the State Emporiums on Baba Karak Singh Marg radial emerged. However, a major alteration in the skyline was the development of a skyscraper comprising red sandstone (inspired by
5900-547: The Irish capital. They were built in the Victorian era for the city's lower middle class and emulated upper class townhouses. By the early Victorian period , a terrace had come to designate any style of housing where individual houses repeating one design are joined into rows. The style was used for workers' housing in industrial districts during the rapid urbanisation following the Industrial Revolution , particularly in
6018-425: The London estates) the tower blocks offered no real improvement for rehoused residents over their prior terraced houses. In 2005 the English Heritage report Low Demand Housing and the Historic Environment found that repairing a standard Victorian terraced house over 30 years is around 60% cheaper than building and maintaining a newly built house. In a 2003 survey for Heritage Counts a team of experts contrasted
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#17328480484006136-399: The Peninsula where the city first began settlement. In the older sections of the city are sections of terraced housing used historically for military families, as part of established families' real estate holdings in addition to a country house, and as dwellings for the working classes of the city and as public housing. The most well-known of the terraced housing areas is The Hydrostone , which
6254-450: The Quantock Rows on Taylor Street and Jones Street , McDonough Row and Marshall Row. New Orleans has a distinctive style of terrace house in the French Quarter known as the Creole townhouse that is part of what makes the city famous. The façade of the building sits on the property line, with an asymmetrical arrangement of arched openings. Creole Townhouses have a steeply pitched roof, side-gabled, with several roof dormers. The exterior
6372-476: The Royal Crescent in search of a Roman cemetery and the Fosse Way . The remains of a Roman wall were found behind the crescent and evidence of possible Iron and Bronze Age settlement on the lawn in front. In the late 19th century five cast iron lamp columns with decorative scrollwork were added. In 1921, architect Robert Tor Russell used the Crescent as a source of inspiration to design the central business district of Connaught Place, New Delhi , India. During
6490-417: The Royal Crescent since it was built over 240 years ago, and some are commemorated on special plaques attached to the relevant buildings. Of the crescent's 30 townhouses, 10 are still full-size townhouses; 18 have been split into flats of various sizes; One is the No. 1 Royal Crescent museum, and The Royal Crescent Hotel & Spa, at the centre of the crescent, is made up of No. 16 and No.15. The street that
6608-472: The United Kingdom, Belgium, United States, Canada, and Australia. The Place des Vosges in Paris (1605–1612) is one of the early examples of the type. Although in early larger forms it was and still is used for housing the wealthy, as cities and the demands for ever smaller close housing grew, it regularly became associated with the working class . Terraced housing has increasingly become associated with gentrification in certain inner-city areas, drawing
6726-438: The United States is generally referred to as townhouses . In some cities such as New York , Philadelphia , Baltimore , San Francisco , and Washington, D.C. , where they have been part of the landscape for over a century, they are often called row houses or row homes. Despite the narrow lots, many row houses are relatively large, some being over 2,000 square feet. They typically have two stories, but may have three or more (with
6844-455: The area during the weekends for partridge hunting. The Hanuman Temple attracted many visitors from the old walled city , who came only on Tuesdays and Saturdays and before sunset, as the return trip was considered dangerous. Residents of villages including Madhoganj , Jaisingh Pura and Raja ka Bazaar were evicted to clear the area for the construction of Connaught Place and the development of its nearby areas. The villages once bordered
6962-416: The area; gradually, restaurants opened in the plaza, with outlets like Kwality, United Coffee House and others offering Continental and Mughlai cuisines. Wenger's, the confectioners, was one of the first shops in Connaught Place. The firm also owned New Delhi's largest restaurant, located on the first floor of their current A-Block outlet. Originally established in 1926 as Spencers in Kashmere Gate, Wenger's
7080-425: The attention of city planning . Though earlier Gothic examples, such as Vicars' Close, Wells , are known, the alignment of the house fronts with the property line really began in the 16th century following Dutch and Belgian models and became called "row" houses in English. For example, in "Yarmouth Rows" , Great Yarmouth , Norfolk , the building fronts all were right on the property line. The term terrace
7198-430: The blocks were originally planned to be 172 metres (564 ft) in height but later reduced to the present two-storied structure with an open colonnade. Government plans to have New Delhi Railway Station built inside Central Park were rejected by railway authorities as they found the idea impractical, and instead, chose the nearby Paharganj area. Construction work began in 1929, with the Viceroy's House (now known as
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#17328480484007316-501: The bombs went off in garbage cans in and around Connaught Place. Another explosion occurred in the nearby Central Park. Authorities also discovered two undetonated bombs in Delhi, one of which was found at the Regal Cinema complex in Connaught Place. As a response, all trashcans were removed from the area. Redevelopment work to revamp Connaught Place ahead of the 2010 Commonwealth Games was slated to be completed in time; however, owing to huge cost overruns and undue delays, this deadline
7434-400: The building's structure directly erected in front of the road. One of the reasons behind this was the taxing according to street frontage rather than total area, thereby creating an economic motivation to build narrow and deeply. A five foot way porch was usually laid out at the ground floor for use by both the residents and pedestrians. Alternatively, the porch may be sealed from the rest of
7552-409: The buildings were designed varies by their location in an urban area. Derivatives located within city centres may also utilize their space for both commercial on the ground floor and residential use on the first floor and above (accurately known as shophouses , also similar to Lingnan buildings ). Inner city terrace house design tended to lack any frontal yard at all, with narrow street frontages, hence
7670-478: The bustling marketplace it would later become, as World War II began and the Indian independence movement intensified and reached a feverish pitch. Markets experienced dwindling sales, but post-independence business began to burgeon in the 1950s. Until the 1980s, a Phatphat Sewa , a Harley Davidson rickshaw service, took visitors from Connaught Place to the Red Fort and Chandani Chowk , before it ceased operations due to pollution concerns. The empty block of
7788-536: The center of the city, and later changing over to dense detached housing in outer neighborhoods. Scattered row homes and apartment rows can often be found in other eastern and Midwestern U.S. cities, specifically Minneapolis and St. Paul . The F. Scott Fitzgerald House in St. Paul is likely the most notable example of a row home in the Twin Cities . Columbus, Ohio has scattered row homes, along with smaller Midwest cities like Dubuque , Duluth , and Toledo . There are also scattered row homes and apartment rows in
7906-419: The cities often entirely around individually owned parcels where single family row houses were built and occupied by both the middle class and the bourgeois class. Some houses are internationally renowned for their architecture like the Art Nouveau style Hotel Tassel or the Hôtel van Eetvelde both designed by Victor Horta . In Finland, an agrarian country where urbanism was a generally late phenomenon,
8024-438: The city's Northwest quadrant, in the densely populated area east of Rock Creek Park , except for Capitol Hill and its sub-neighborhoods, which occupy the areas of the Northeast and Southeast quadrants directly east of the United States Capitol Building . Because many D.C. rowhouses are historic structures, dating back as far as the early 1800s, they are especially common within the city's original boundaries , as laid out in
8142-417: The city) with its views over the parkland opposite. In front of the Royal Crescent is a ha-ha , a ditch on which the inner side is vertical and faced with stone, with the outer face sloped and turfed , making an effective but invisible partition between the lower and upper lawns. The ha-ha is designed so as not to interrupt the view from Royal Victoria Park , and to be invisible until seen from close by. It
8260-561: The city, featured in David Fennario's Balconville and Mordecai Richler's The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz . Terraced homes are abundant in Old Toronto . Many of them are constructed in the local bay-and-gable style, popular in the 1870s. Examples of Victorian bay-and-gable style can be found in Cabbagetown, Toronto , Parkdale , The Annex , Kensington Market , areas east of Chinatown, Toronto and Spadina Avenue including Baldwin Village. The last surviving row of Georgian -style terraced houses in Toronto, known as Walnut Hall ,
8378-409: The city. A sizable quantity of Baltimore's row houses are clad with formstone , a distinct feature of Baltimore's row houses, typically found in working class areas of the city. Marble front steps also make Baltimore's row houses distinct from other cities' row houses. Much like Philadelphia, some areas of the city that contain row houses are neglected. The row houses of Boston are found primarily in
8496-540: The city. As is common in other North American cities, in Montreal row houses are often referred to as townhouses. The streetscape of the city's 19th century neighbourhoods, such as the Plateau , Centre-Sud , and Hochelaga , are dominated by row houses, duplexes and triplexes . Row houses continued to be built throughout the 20th century. In many neighbourhoods, such as Villeray , Parc Extension , and Ville-Émard , they became
8614-478: The coming years it hosted Western Classical music artists, Russian ballet and British theatre groups, and soon started morning and afternoon movie shows. The next theatre to be built was the Plaza in 1940, designed by Sir Robert Tor Russell, the architect of Connaught Place itself. It was owned by director and actor Sohrab Modi until the early 1950s. The Odeon was built in 1945 and had the city's second 70mm screen after
8732-557: The construction of larger buildings in the capital, design of the plaza was eventually entrusted with Robert Tor Russell , chief architect to the Public Works Department (PWD), Government of India, who worked with Sir Sobha Singh in the construction of New Delhi . Originally barren and arid, the area saw its first development with the construction of Sujan Singh Block A (now Wenger’s Block), followed by Blocks B and C, then Scindia House block, Regal Building, Rivoli Cinema, and
8850-552: The countries' early British colonial rule . Based on British terraced home designs, the Southeast Asian variations are similar to their British counterparts (in which the living quarters are located on the front and top floor and the kitchen at the back) and were adapted to accommodate the area's tropical weather, which is primarily warm throughout the year and receives heavy rainfall. Earlier versions were more open, designed to better circulate air and features inner courtyards, with
8968-584: The crescent (#16) was used as a residence and to host blue stocking events by Elizabeth Montagu . In the nineteenth century the popularity of the Crescent and 'taking the waters' at the Roman Baths diminished somewhat. Amongst the residents of Royal Crescent during this time were the electoral reformer Francis Burdett who lived at number 16 from 1814 to 1822 and his daughter Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts . The retired Admiral William Hargood lived at number 9 from 1834 until 1839 and in 1866
9086-582: The dominant form of housing during the post-war period. In the 21st century, Montreal has continued to build row houses at a high rate, with 62% of housing starts in the metropolitan area being apartment or row units. Apartment complexes, high-rises , and semi-detached homes are less popular in Montreal when compared to large Canadian cities like Toronto or Vancouver but similar to some US cities, in particular Philadelphia . Montreal's characteristic row houses and their iconic alleyways, balconies , and outdoor staircases have become cultural symbols of
9204-565: The downtown and surrounding areas developed in the late 1800s through 1930s. Many are two and three-flat buildings (consisting of one or sometimes two apartments on a three-floored building). A greystone in Chicago is similar to the brownstone found in New York and Boston , except the façade is clad in Indiana limestone. Most row houses are separated by a gangway that leads under the common wall between
9322-516: The first speculative housing developments in the United States. Carstairs Row was built on the southern part of the site occupied by "Morris's Folly" – Robert Morris 's unfinished mansion designed by L'Enfant . Prior to this time houses had been built not in rows, but individually. It can be contrasted with Elfreth's Alley , the oldest continuously occupied road in the U.S., where all the houses are of varying heights and widths, with different street lines, doorways and brickwork. Terraced housing in
9440-676: The floorspace of the house's lot. Concerns are also raised with the limited maintenance and monitoring of deserted terrace homes, which potentially become hiding places for rodents and snakes (in yards with overgrown grass), and drug addicts. Earlier variations of the terrace house were constructed with wood, later replaced with a masonry shell holding wooden beams to form foundations for the upper floors and tiled roof. Contemporary variations are primarily held together with reinforced concrete beams, which are later completed with concrete slabs, brick walls and tiled roofs. Connaught Place, New Delhi Connaught Place , also known as Rajiv Chowk ,
9558-555: The historic Qutb Road, the primary route connecting Shahjahanabad , the walled city of Delhi (now Old Delhi), to Qutb Minar on Delhi's southern edge since the Mughal era. The displaced people were relocated in Karol Bagh to the west, a rocky area that had previously been populated only by trees and wild bushes. However, three structures were spared demolition. These comprised the Hanuman temple,
9676-512: The historic Red Fort) and glass, the Jeevan Bharti building (owned by the LIC ), which was designed by architect Charles Correa . In 1986, it towered over the low-lying, predominantly white Connaught Place and faced criticism for being too futuristic. However, as other skyscrapers were gradually built on the periphery, the debate faded away. With the introduction of talkies to Indian cinema in 1931,
9794-587: The hotel, but negotiations ended in January 2012 without a deal. On 2 April 2012, investment company the Topland Group announced that it had purchased the Royal Crescent Hotel. In the 1970s the resident of No 22, Miss Amabel Wellesley-Colley, painted her front door yellow instead of the traditional white. Bath City Council issued a notice insisting it should be repainted. A court case ensued which resulted in
9912-418: The houses built for workers of the expanding textile industry . The terrace style spread widely across the country, and was the usual form of high-density residential housing up to World War II. The 19th century need for expressive individuality inspired variation of façade details and floor-plans reversed with those of each neighbouring pair, to offer variety within the standardised format. A major distinction
10030-525: The houses leading to the rear of the property (where sometimes a rear house or coach house exists) and alleyway. The vast majority of two and three flats do not share a common wall and are stand alone structures. However, many row houses similar to those found in Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington, D.C. do exist, largely on the near south and west sides, though not as common. Gordon Row , in Savannah ,
10148-607: The largest and busiest stations in the network. Connaught Place hosts various cultural events in the Central Park area such as the Urdu Heritage Festival, One Billion Rising demonstrations, Delhi Government's Youth Festival, Awam Ki Awaz (Voices of People) concert and many others. The first known Indian to hoist the tricolour flag at Connaught Place was Padma Shri Mir Mushtaq Ahmad, the first Chief Executive Councillor of Delhi. Before independence, when Connaught Place
10266-674: The latter often being converted into apartments for separate tenants). The term "townhouse" in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic usually refers to modern terraced houses constructed in the late 20th century and beyond, especially those in suburban settings, which often have home owners associations and include garages. Multi-story attached homes that are grouped in twos or threes are typically called duplexes and triplexes respectively. Most of Baltimore's housing consists of row houses. A few of Baltimore's row houses date back to colonial times. The style and materials used in their constructions vary throughout
10384-446: The main commercial hub of the new city, holds a place of pride and is recognized as one of the top heritage structures in New Delhi. Developed as a showpiece of Lutyens' Delhi , Connaught Place features a prominent Central Business District (CBD). Christened after Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn , construction work began in 1929 and was completed in 1933. It was designed by Robert Tor Russell . Although Connaught Place
10502-413: The majority or a large plurality of the local housing stock. As in other American cities, rowhouses in D.C. span a wide range of architectural styles and building materials. Neighborhoods known for high concentrations of rowhouses include Capitol Hill , Dupont Circle , Logan Circle , Shaw , LeDroit Park , Columbia Heights , Petworth , and Bloomingdale . Many neighborhoods with rowhouses are located in
10620-523: The new medium quickly gained immense popularity. In the 1930s and 1940s, four theaters opened within Connaught Place Plaza: Regal, Rivoli, Odeon, and the short-lived "Indian Talkie House," which opened in 1938. Connaught Place sprouted as the entertainment hub of New Delhi. The Regal, the first theatre in the area, was opened in 1932 by Sir Sobha Singh . It was designed by architect Walter Sykes George and mainly hosted stage performances. In
10738-549: The nineteenth century, basing their architecture on those in the UK, France and Italy. Large numbers of terraced houses were built in the inner suburbs of large Australian cities, particularly Sydney and Melbourne , mainly between the 1850s and the 1890s (terraced housing is rare outside of these cities). Detached housing became the popular style of housing in Australia following Federation in 1901. The most common building material used
10856-463: The oldest neighborhoods of Denver, Colorado . Montevideo and Buenos Aires during the last decades of the 19th century developed a type of terraced house called the Standard House or informally ' Chorizo' House. Introduced around the beginning of the twentieth century, terraced houses (also known as shophouses or linear linkhouses) have been adopted in both Malaysia and Singapore since
10974-460: The opposite side of the road at the top of Victoria Park. The road is surfaced with pennant stone laid when the crescent was constructed. In 1965, the black comedy The Wrong Box (1966) used the Crescent extensively as a location, standing in for London. The 1965 film Catch Us If You Can had a sequence filmed outside the Crescent, and in one of its houses. In 2007, a TV edition of Jane Austen 's Persuasion included many scenes shot at
11092-489: The renovation work. Renovation work on Connaught Place resumed shortly after the Commonwealth Games, with an initial completion target of December 2012. However, by 2016, only the first phase—renovating Blocks A and B—had been completed. The plan aimed to restore all six blocks of Connaught Place to their original grandeur by 2020, although delays have affected the timeline. By late 2020, Connaught Place had experienced
11210-426: The same house was home to Edward Bulwer-Lytton . The jurist and explorer Thomas Falconer briefly lived at number 18 before his death in 1882. A few years later the house next door at number 17 became home to Isaac Pitman who developed the most widely used system of shorthand , now known as Pitman shorthand . English professor George Saintsbury took up residence at number 1A in 1916. The houses and flats in
11328-477: The structural stability of all buildings including retrofitting for earthquake resistance. All these components have been identified based on studies conducted by various reputed agencies such as SPA , RITES , CMCCC and NTPAC, etc. The art project United Buddy Bears was presented in Connaught Place during the summer of 2012. On 5 January 2017, the Union Urban Development Ministry announced
11446-513: The tours given to tourists were disruptive, particularly because of the amplified commentary given by tour guides on open top buses. The crescent is 500 feet (150 m) long and each building is almost 50 feet (15 m) high, including small rooms with dormer windows in the attic. The ground floor is plain emphasising the columns and windows of the first floor. The 114 columns are 30 inches (76 cm) in diameter reaching 47 feet (14.3 m), each with an entablature 5 feet (1.5 m) deep in
11564-460: The twentieth century, and a construction boom of the house design occurred in Malaysia since the 1940s, with numerous housing estates consisting of terrace homes sprouting in and around cities and towns. In the process, the design of the building began to diversify, with various refinements and style changes. Generally, the building's floor space and yards become larger and more elaborate through time, as
11682-407: The walkway to serve as personal space. Such designs became less common after the 1960s. Terrace houses located on the outskirts of city centres were less restrictive, although the design of the building itself was not unlike those in the city. Certain homes tend to feature longer front yards, enough to accommodate cars. Others strictly serve as a small garden. This design remained in demand throughout
11800-450: The windows have been restored to their original style with glazing bars rather than the horned plate glass sash windows which had been installed in the 19th or early 20th centuries. Some of the window sills had also been lowered. This has been reversed at Number 1 but policy has since changed with a decision to keep the alterations which were made in the 19th century. In front of the houses are cast iron railings which are mirrored by those on
11918-419: The year in their country houses . These terraced houses, often surrounding a garden square , are hallmarks of Georgian architecture . The same was true of many British and Irish cities. In Dublin , Georgian squares such as Merrion Square and Fitzwilliam Square housed the city's upper classes. A type of terraced house known latterly as the "one-floor-over-basement" was a style of terraced house particular to
12036-482: The years, the Georgian stone facade remains much as it was when first built. The 500-foot-long (150 m) crescent has 114 Ionic columns on the first floor with an entablature in a Palladian style above. It was the first crescent of terraced houses to be built and an example of " rus in urbe " (the country in the city) with its views over the parkland opposite. Many notable people have either lived or stayed in
12154-485: Was Henry Sandford , a retired Irish MP who rented the house from 1776 until his death in Bath in 1796. Sandford was described as a 'gentleman of the most benevolent disposition'. William Wilberforce stayed at Number 2 in 1798. Christopher Anstey , a well-known writer of the time, was resident in number 4 from 1770 until 1805, although the plaque to him is placed on number 5. Jean Baptiste, Vicomte du Barre took over number 8 in 1778 and hosted parties and gambling. He died in
12272-583: Was brick , often covered with cement render and then painted. Many terraces were built in the " filigree " style, a style distinguished through heavy use of cast iron ornament, particularly on the balconies and sometimes depicting native Australian flora. In the 1950s, many urban renewal programmes were aimed at eradicating them entirely in favour of modern development. In recent decades these inner-city areas and their terraced houses have been gentrified . The suburbs in which terrace houses are often found are often sought after in Australia due to their proximity to
12390-512: Was borrowed from garden terraces by British architects of the late Georgian period to describe streets of houses whose uniform fronts and uniform height created a stylish ensemble rather than a mere "row" of similar homes. Townhouses (or townhomes) are generally two- to three-story structures that share a wall with a neighbouring unit. As opposed to apartment buildings, townhouses do not have neighbouring units above or below them. They are similar in concept to row houses or terraced houses, but share
12508-697: Was built in the 1850s. It (and its individual carriage houses to the rear) is a contributing property of the Savannah Historic District , itself on the National Register of Historic Places , and fills an entire city block. After falling into disrepair, the buildings were renovated in the mid-20th century by the Historic Savannah Foundation . Other similar-style row houses exist in Savannah's Scudder's Row , William Remshart Row House ,
12626-514: Was built to accommodate the coal miners in small brick row houses usually called " Coron ". These types of constructions are very common in the Walloon region, but also in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France . Within the same period (from 1850 to early 1900), major cities like Brussels or Antwerp faced important urban development with the construction of new neighborhoods as extensions of
12744-596: Was demolished in 2007 as a result of structural decay. According to the US Census Bureau, the highest concentration of terraced houses in the United States is in the Mid-Atlantic region, particularly the Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington metropolitan areas. The first terraced houses in the nation were Carstairs Row in Philadelphia , designed by builder and architect Thomas Carstairs c. 1799 through 1820, for developer William Sansom, as part of
12862-407: Was eventually designed with two concentric circles, creating an Inner Circle, Middle Circle and the Outer Circle with seven roads radiating from a circular central park known as Radial Roads. As per the original plan, the different blocks of Connaught Place were to be joined from above, employing archways, with radial roads below them. However, the circle was 'broken up' to give it a grander scale. Even
12980-461: Was led by Philip Jebb . The Bath Preservation Trust was working during 2012–13 to re-unite Number One with its original servants' wing at Number 1A Royal Crescent, which has been in use as a separate dwelling for many years. No. 1 serves as the Trust's headquarters. Number 15 and 16 are still used as a hotel. Bath and North East Somerset council made an order banning coaches and buses from the crescent, after many years of complaints by residents that
13098-462: Was named after Prince Arthur , the 1st Duke of Connaught (1850–1942), the third son of Queen Victoria and uncle of King George VI . Prince Arthur visited India in 1921 and laid the foundation of the Council House (now Sansad Bhavan , or Parliament House). In 2013, Connaught Place was renamed Rajiv Chowk, in honor of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi . Connaught Place's Georgian architecture
13216-476: Was not met. The Performance Audit Report prepared by Controller and Auditor General, India, on the Commonwealth Games 2010 concluded that there were "significant deficiencies in contract management, with consequent avoidable expenditure". Moreover, the mis-management and delays caused great inconvenience to shoppers and shop-owners alike, and led to a decline in trade. Many store-owners complained of erratic power supplies and lost air-conditioning in their shops during
13334-489: Was officially renamed in 1995 after former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi , the term "Rajiv Chowk" is seldom used, with locals and officials alike continuing to refer to it as Connaught Place. An underground Delhi Metro station built beneath Connaught Place is named Rajiv Chowk . Prior to the construction of Connaught Place, the area was a ridge, covered with kikar trees and populated with jackals and wild pigs. Residents of Kashmere Gate and Civil Lines paid visits to
13452-543: Was originally built as replacement housing stock for those made homeless after the Halifax Explosion ; individual owners have, however, altered the exteriors of many of the rowhouses over time to accommodate changing family needs. More recently, there have been rowhouse developments appearing in diverse areas throughout the city. Montreal has the largest stock of terraced houses in Canada and they are typical in all areas of
13570-460: Was owned by a Swiss couple and introduced Delhi to pastries and homemade Swiss chocolates. In its early years, it was primarily patronized by British officers, Indian royalty, and a few businessmen with international exposure, as Delhi remained a city of classical taste within the walled city . Over the years, Wenger's opened another shop adjacent to their original location in Connaught Place's A Block. This space had previously belonged to Harnarains ,
13688-516: Was picked up by speculative builders like Thomas Cubitt and soon became commonplace. It is far from being the case that terraced houses were only built for people of limited means. This is especially true in London, where some of the wealthiest people in the country owned them in locations such as Belgrave Square and Carlton House Terrace . These townhouses, in the British sense , were the London residences of noble and gentry families who spent most of
13806-514: Was seen as the heart of British imperial India, he would annually hoist the tricolour at the bandstand in Central Park on January 26. On March 7, 2014, the largest Indian national tricolour at that time (now the second largest) was erected at the center of Central Park, measuring 90 by 60 feet (27 by 18 m), on a 207-foot (63 m) pole. Two of the five terrorist blasts that occurred during the 13 September 2008 Delhi bombings were in Connaught Place. Ten people were injured; police and witnesses said that
13924-470: Was that of Hollantilaisentie (1920) in the suburb of Munkkiniemi , Helsinki, designed by architect Eliel Saarinen . They were initially envisioned as workers' housing, as part of a grand new urban scheme for the entirety of north-west Helsinki, but from the outset became a fashionable middle-class residential area. Later terraced housing in Finland is similarly associated with suburban middle-class living, such as
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