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60-454: Initially, the term rivethead had been used since the 1940s as a nickname for North American automotive assembly line and steel construction workers and hit the mainstream through the publication of Ben Hamper 's Rivethead: Tales From the Assembly Line , which is otherwise unrelated to the subculture. Glenn Chase, founder of San Diego label Re-Constriction Records , is responsible for

120-439: A dark romantic outgrowth of the punk and post-punk movements that emerged in the early 1980s while rivetheads developed from the industrial dance music scene that came to be in the second half of the 1980s, hand in hand with the media success of post-industrial artists such as Skinny Puppy , Front 242 , Front Line Assembly , Ministry , KMFDM , and Numb . The rivethead scene is a male-dominated youth subculture that shows

180-403: A maneater , Mata Hari , or vamp , is a stock character of a mysterious, beautiful, and seductive woman whose charms ensnare her lovers, often leading them into compromising, deadly traps. She is an archetype of literature and art. Her ability to enchant, entice and hypnotize her victim with a spell was in the earliest stories seen as verging on supernatural; hence, the femme fatale today

240-735: A vamp , a reference to The Vampire , Philip Burne-Jones 's 1897 painting, and Rudyard Kipling 's later 1897 poem, and the 1909 play and 1915 film A Fool There Was . Female mobsters (including Italian-American Mafia or Russian Mafia ) have been portrayed as femmes fatales in films noir . Femmes fatales appear in James Bond films. The femme fatale archetype exists in the culture, folklore and myths of many cultures. Ancient mythical or legendary examples include Inanna , Lilith , Circe , Medea , Clytemnestra , Lesbia , Tamamo no Mae , and Visha Kanyas . Historical examples from classical times include Cleopatra and Messalina , as well as

300-430: A car, and prefer other modes of transport. Other potentially powerful automotive markets are Iran and Indonesia . Emerging automobile markets already buy more cars than established markets. According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the global light-vehicle sales in 2010. The study, performed in 2010 expected this trend to accelerate. However, more recent reports (2012) confirmed

360-657: A description of a youth culture did not exist). “The 'Industrial look' began to emerge in the late 1980s. […] The typical 'Industrial' guy, circa 1989, was a Punk who liked technology.” “In contrast to the old-style Goth look, which was androgynous, the male 'Industrial look' was tough and military, with a sci-fi edge. The men wore […] band T-shirts, black trousers or military cargo pants in black, military accessories, such as dog-tags, heavy boots […] 'Industrial' women, who were fewer in number, tended to wear waist-cinching corsets , small tank tops or 'wife-beaters' [sleeveless t-shirts], trousers, and sometimes suspenders hanging down off

420-899: A female serial killer who murders several men. The femme fatale is one of the most mesmerizing of sexual personae. She is not a fiction but an extrapolation of biologic realities in women that remain constant. The femme fatale has carried on to the present day, in films such as Body Heat (1981) and Prizzi's Honor (1985) – both with Kathleen Turner , Blade Runner (1982) with Sean Young , The Hunger (1983) with Catherine Deneuve , Blue Velvet (1986) with Isabella Rossellini , Fatal Attraction (1987) with Glenn Close , Basic Instinct (1992) with Sharon Stone , Damage (1992) with Juliette Binoche , Final Analysis (1992) with Kim Basinger , Dream Lover (1993) with Madchen Amick , The Last Seduction (1994) with Linda Fiorentino , To Die For (1995) with Nicole Kidman , Lost Highway (1997) with Patricia Arquette , Devil in

480-729: A few femmes fatales in films as To Die For , The Paperboy , Moulin Rouge! and The Northman . The archetype is also abundantly found in American television. One of the most famous femmes fatales of American television is Sherilyn Fenn 's Audrey Horne of the David Lynch cult series Twin Peaks . In the TV series Femme Fatales , actress Tanit Phoenix played Lilith , the host who introduced each episode Rod Serling -style and occasionally appeared within

540-544: A group of major car manufacturers including GM , Ford , Volvo , BYD Auto , Jaguar Land Rover and Mercedes-Benz committed to "work towards all sales of new cars and vans being zero emission globally by 2040, and by no later than 2035 in leading markets". Major car manufacturing nations like the United States, Germany, China, Japan and South Korea, as well as Volkswagen , Toyota , Peugeot , Honda , Nissan and Hyundai , did not pledge. The global automotive industry

600-625: A provocative, insurgent as well as socio-critical approach. The Goth subculture is “equally open to women, men and transgendered [ sic ] people” , and frequently devoid of any interest in ethical activism or political involvements. “Gothic expresses the emotional, beautiful, supernatural, feminine, poetic, theatrical side. Industrial embodies the masculine, angry, aggressive, noisy, scientific, technological, political side. Industrial music often uses electronics, synthesizers , samples from movies or political speeches, loops, and distorted vocals. It tends to be male-oriented in those who make

660-485: A stationary car, to a conveyor belt system where the car passed through multiple stations of more specialized engineers. Starting in the 1960s, robotic equipment was introduced to the process, and most cars are now mainly assembled by automated machinery. For many decades, the United States led the world in total automobile production, with the U.S. Big Three General Motors , Ford Motor Company , and Chrysler being

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720-493: A top producer 1950s : United Kingdom, Germany, and France restarted production. 1960s : Japan started production and increased volume through the 1980s. United States, Japan, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom produced about 80% of motor vehicles through the 1980s. 1990s : South Korea became a volume producer. In 2004, Korea became No. 5 passing France. 2000s : China increased its production drastically, and became

780-456: A year, after reaching 29 million for the first time in 2017 and 28 million the year before. From 1970 (140 models) over 1998 (260 models) to 2012 (684 models), the number of automobile models in the U.S. has grown exponentially. Safety is a state that implies being protected from any risk, danger, damage, or cause of injury. In the automotive industry, safety means that users, operators, or manufacturers do not face any risk or danger coming from

840-417: Is lackadaisical , intriguing, or frivolous. In some cases, she uses lies or coercion rather than charm. She may also make use of some subduing weapon such as sleeping gas , a modern analog of magical powers in older tales. She may also be (or imply that she is) a victim, caught in a situation from which she cannot escape. In early 20th-century American films, a femme fatale character was referred to as

900-691: Is a main characteristic of the genre, whereas the music preferred by the rivethead scene includes several danceable and song-oriented styles that are sometimes considered "post-industrial" . Like post-punk , the term post-industrial describes a musical genre that developed distinctly from its roots and turned into several strands of sound, namely electro-industrial , electronic body music , and industrial rock , often referred to as industrial dance music . Those styles differ from traditional industrial music regarding aesthetics, sound, and production techniques. The rivethead dress style has been inspired by military aesthetics , complemented by fashion "that mimics

960-643: Is a major consumer of water. Some estimates surpass 180,000 L (39,000 imp gal) of water per car manufactured, depending on whether tyre production is included. Production processes that use a significant volume of water include surface treatment, painting, coating, washing, cooling, air-conditioning, and boilers, not counting component manufacturing. Paintshop operations consume especially large amounts of water because equipment running on water-based products must also be cleaned with water. In 2022, Tesla's Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg ran into legal challenges due to droughts and falling groundwater levels in

1020-463: Is a primary mode of transportation for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston Consulting Group predicted that, by 2014, one-third of world demand would be in the four BRIC markets (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). Meanwhile, in developed countries, the automotive industry has slowed. It is also expected that this trend will continue, especially as the younger generations of people (in highly urbanized countries) no longer want to own

1080-465: Is also often found in the genres of opera and musical theatre , where she will traditionally have a mezzo , alto or contralto range, opposed to the ingénue 's soprano , to symbolize the masculinity and lack of feminine purity. An example is Hélène from Natasha, Pierre and the Great Comet of 1812 . The term has been used by the media in connection with highly publicised criminal trials, such as

1140-507: Is considered one of the best practice frameworks for achieving automotive functional safety . In case of safety issues, danger, product defect , or faulty procedure during the manufacturing of the motor vehicle, the maker can request to return either a batch or the entire production run. This procedure is called product recall . Product recalls happen in every industry and can be production-related or stem from raw materials. Product and operation tests and inspections at different stages of

1200-568: Is still often described as having a power akin to an enchantress, seductress, witch, having power over men. Femmes fatales are typically villainous, or at least morally ambiguous, and always associated with a sense of mystification, and unease. The term originates from the French phrase femme fatale , which means 'deadly woman' or 'lethal woman'. A femme fatale tries to achieve her hidden purpose by using feminine wiles such as beauty, charm, or sexual allure. In many cases, her attitude towards sexuality

1260-400: Is unadorned and epitomizes a direct reflection of the social environment ("street survival wear"). Rivetgirls may dress along with the femme fatale look: sexuality as power. Common are fetish wear, such as black PVC and leather corsages , miniskirts , ankle-deep or knee-high stiletto heel boots; less makeup than Goths and 1980s New Wave fashion girls, who were also an influence on

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1320-495: The Greek autos (self), and Latin motivus (of motion ), referring to any form of self-powered vehicle. This term, as proposed by Elmer Sperry (1860–1930), first came into use to describe automobiles in 1898. The automotive industry began in the 1860s with hundreds of manufacturers pioneering the horseless carriage . Early car manufacturing involved manual assembly by a human worker. The process evolved from engineers working on

1380-462: The PSA Group had been in the top 8 1999 to 2012, and 2007 to 2012 one of the eight largest along with the seven largest as of 2017) and the five largest in the top 5 positions since 2007, according to OICA, which, however, stopped publishing statistics of motor vehicle production by manufacturer after 2017. All ten remained as the ten largest automakers by sales until the merger between Fiat-Chrysler and

1440-470: The femme fatale as a subject. In the Western culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the femme fatale became a more fashionable trope , and she is found in the paintings of the artists Edvard Munch , Gustav Klimt , Franz von Stuck , and Gustave Moreau . The novel À rebours by Joris-Karl Huysmans includes these fevered imaginings about an image of Salome in a Moreau painting: No longer

1500-485: The value chain are made to avoid these product recalls by ensuring end-user security and safety and compliance with the automotive industry requirements. However, the automotive industry is still particularly concerned about product recalls, which cause considerable financial consequences. In 2007, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road, consuming over 980 billion litres (980,000,000 m ) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The automobile

1560-1142: The Flesh (1998) and Jawbreaker (1999), both with Rose McGowan , Cruel Intentions (1999) with Sarah Michelle Gellar , Original Sin (2001) with Angelina Jolie , Femme Fatale (2002) with Rebecca Romijn , and Jennifer's Body (2009) with Megan Fox . In 2013, Tania Raymonde played the title role in Jodi Arias: Dirty Little Secret . In 2014, Eva Green portrayed a femme fatale in Sin City: A Dame to Kill For and Rosamund Pike starred in Gone Girl . In Babylon (2022), Margot Robbie plays character with femme fatale tendencies. Academy Award-winning actress Marion Cotillard has frequently played femmes fatales, in such films as A Private Affair (2002), A Very Long Engagement , The Black Box , Inception , Midnight in Paris , The Dark Knight Rises and Macbeth . Nicole Kidman has also played

1620-604: The Night in Mozart's The Magic Flute shows her more muted presence during the Age of Enlightenment . The femme fatale flourished in the Romantic period in the works of John Keats , notably " La Belle Dame sans Merci " and " Lamia ". Along with them, there rose the gothic novel The Monk by Matthew Gregory Lewis, featuring Matilda, a very powerful femme fatale . This led to her appearing in

1680-645: The PSA Group in early 2021 ; only Renault was degraded to 11th place, in 2022, when being surpassed by both BMW (which became the 10th largest in 2021) and Chang'an . These were the twenty largest manufacturers by production volume in 2012 and 2013, or the 21 largest in 2011 (before the Fiat-Chrysler merger ), of which the fourteen largest as of 2011 were in the top 14 in 2010, 2008 and 2007 (but not 2009, when Changan and Mazda temporarily degraded Chrysler to 16th place). The eighteen largest as of 2013 have remained in

1740-500: The Past ( 1947 ). In Gun Crazy (1950), the femme fatale lures a man into a life of crime. In Hitchcock's 1940 film and Daphne du Maurier's 1938 novel Rebecca , the eponymous femme fatale completely dominates the plot, even though she is already dead and we never see an image of her. Rocky and Bullwinkle 's Natasha Fatale, a curvaceous spy, takes her name from the femme fatale stock character. Blonde Ice (1948) features

1800-423: The U.S. was overtaken by Japan and then became a world leader again in 1994. Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production during 2006 and 2007, and in 2008 also China , which in 2009 took the top spot (from Japan) with 13.8 million units, although the U.S. surpassed Japan in 2011, to become the second-largest automobile industry. In 2023, China had for the first time in history more than 30 million produced vehicles

1860-474: The athletics required of 'Industrial' dancing, it was rare to see women in this scene with spike heels, as it would constrain their movement on the dance floor. The male 'Industrial style' also was much closer to Punk, with men wearing shorts, big boots and adopting partially shaved hairstyles. The rivethead scene of the 1980s and 1990s was different from the goth subculture in ideological and musical terms, as well as in their visual aesthetics. Confusion regarding

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1920-525: The biblical figures Delilah , Jezebel , and Salome . An example from Chinese literature and traditional history is Daji . The femme fatale was a common figure in the European Middle Ages , often portraying the dangers of unbridled female sexuality. The pre-medieval inherited biblical figure of Eve offers an example, as does the wicked, seductive enchantress typified in Morgan le Fay . The Queen of

1980-428: The boundaries of those two youth cultures has heightened because of the late-1990s "multi-subcultural" cross-hybridization, which led people to incorrectly believe that rivetheads are an offshoot of the goth subculture. Canadian novelist and author Nancy Kilpatrick labelled this youth-cultural overlap "industrial goth", as does Julia Borden. ( − Note : In the heyday of the rivethead culture, the term "industrial goth" as

2040-644: The cabaret singer portrayed by Rita Hayworth in Gilda ( 1946 ), narcissistic wives who manipulate their husbands; Ava Gardner in The Killers and Cora ( Lana Turner ) in The Postman Always Rings Twice , based on novels by Ernest Hemingway and James M. Cain respectively, manipulate men into killing their husbands. In the Hitchcock film The Paradine Case ( 1947 ), Alida Valli 's character causes

2100-573: The cataleptic spasm that stirs her flesh and steels her muscles, – a monstrous Beast of the Apocalypse, indifferent, irresponsible, insensible, poisoning. In 1891, Oscar Wilde , in his play Salome : she manipulates her lust-crazed stepfather, King Herod, with her enticing Dance of the Seven Veils (Wilde's invention) to agree to her imperious demand: "bring me the head of John the Baptist ". Later, Salome

2160-837: The crime stories of Dashiell Hammett in the 1920s. At the end of that decade, the French-Canadian villainess Marie de Sabrevois gave a contemporary edge to the otherwise historical novels of Kenneth Roberts set during the American Revolution . Film villainess often appeared foreign, often of Eastern European or Asian ancestry. They were a contrast to the wholesome personas of actresses such as Lillian Gish and Mary Pickford . Notable silent-cinema vamps include Theda Bara, Helen Gardner , Louise Glaum , Valeska Suratt , Musidora , Virginia Pearson , Olga Petrova , Rosemary Theby , Nita Naldi , Pola Negri , Estelle Taylor , Jetta Goudal , and, in early appearances, Myrna Loy . During

2220-550: The deaths of two men and the near destruction of another. Another frequently cited example is the character Jane played by Lizabeth Scott in Too Late for Tears ( 1949 ); during her quest to keep some dirty money from its rightful recipient and her husband, she uses poison, lies, sexual teasing and a gun to keep men wrapped around her finger. Jane Greer remains notable as a murderous femme fatale using her wiles on Robert Mitchum in Out of

2280-462: The era of classic film-noirs of the 1940s and 1950s, the femme fatale flourished in American cinema. The archetypal femme fatale is Phyllis Dietrichson , played by Barbara Stanwyck (who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for this role) in the 1944 film Double Indemnity . This character is considered one of the best femme fatale roles in film noir history. The character

2340-780: The grit and grime of industrial sectors in major metropolitan areas" . Additionally, it borrows elements of punk fashion, such as a fanned and dyed Mohawk hairstyle , and fetish wear such as black leather and PVC tops, pants and shorts partly supplemented with modern primitive body modifications such as tattoos and piercings . Occasionally, rivetheads emphasize a post-apocalyptic , dystopian influence, often inspired by movies, e.g. Mad Max (1979), Escape from New York (1981), Gunhed (1989), Death Machine (1994), and Strange Days (1995). Several movies, such as Hardware (1990), Strange Days and Johnny Mnemonic (1995), feature music tracks by Ministry , KMFDM , Diatribe , Stabbing Westward and other bands associated with

2400-416: The late-1980s/early 1990s rivetgirl style (cf. fishnet tights, stilettos, Dr. Martens low boots). Often dyed hair (black, sometimes red or blond) that is long, short, spiked, partially shaved (see Maria Azevedo of Battery and Yone Dudas of Decoded Feedback ) or dreadlocked (see Anna Christine of Luxt ). On the other hand, the female rivethead fashion look may be and often is identical to the tough style of

2460-479: The list below) currently possess the capability to design original production automobiles from the ground up, and 17 countries (listed below) have at least one million produced vehicles a year (as of 2023). These were the ten largest manufacturers by production volume as of 2017, of which the eight largest were in the top 8 positions since Fiat's 2013 acquisition of the Chrysler Corporation (although

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2520-529: The male rivetheads ( Tank Girl aesthetic; military wear such as tank tops, paratrooper pants and combat boots). Kim X, co-founder of California-based music label COP International , compared the female rivethead attitude to the Riot grrrl movement. Women involved in the 'Industrial scene' wore less makeup, particularly less elaborate eye makeup. They also adopted a much more traditional Punk look, with shorter skirts, made of leather or vinyl, and combat boots. Because of

2580-401: The motor vehicle or its spare parts. Safety for the automobiles themselves implies that there is no risk of damage. Safety in the automotive industry is particularly important and therefore highly regulated. Automobiles and other motor vehicles have to comply with a certain number of regulations, whether local or international, in order to be accepted on the market. The standard ISO 26262 ,

2640-500: The music and those who enjoy it.” Automotive industry The automotive industry comprises a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design , development , manufacturing , marketing , selling , repairing , and modification of motor vehicles . It is one of the world's largest industries by revenue (from 16% such as in France up to 40% to countries such as Slovakia). The word automotive comes from

2700-529: The narrative. In the Netflix TV series Orange Is the New Black , actress Laura Prepon played Alex Vause , a modern femme fatale , who led both men and women to their destruction. Femmes fatales appear frequently in comic books . Notable examples include Batman 's long-time nemesis Catwoman , who first appeared in comics in 1940, and various adversaries of The Spirit , such as P'Gell. This stock character

2760-625: The opposite; namely that the automotive industry was slowing down even in BRIC countries. In the United States, vehicle sales peaked in 2000, at 17.8 million units. In July 2021, the European Commission released its " Fit for 55 " legislation package, which contains important guidelines for the future of the automotive industry; all new cars on the European market must be zero-emission vehicles from 2035. The governments of 24 developed countries and

2820-490: The pants. They also […] sometimes shaved their heads.” “Stylistically, both men and women in the Gothic subculture […] rely heavily on feminine signifiers, such as makeup, skirts and corsets, while the 'Industrial scene' adopts a much more masculine style that incorporates more traditional Punk elements, such as combat boots and leather pants. […] Unlike their Gothic counterparts, the male ‘Industrials’ did not wear makeup.” Goths are

2880-527: The publicity for the 1915 film. 1910s American slang for femme fatale was vamp , for vampire . Another icon is Margaretha Geertruida Zelle. While working as an exotic dancer, she took the stage name Mata Hari . She was accused of German espionage during World War I and was put to death by a French firing squad. After her death she became the subject of many sensational films and books. Femmes fatales appear in detective fiction , especially in its 'hard-boiled' sub-genre which largely originated with

2940-770: The region. Brandenburg's Economy Minister Joerg Steinbach said that while water supply was sufficient during the first stage, more would be needed once Tesla expands the site. The factory would nearly double the water consumption in the Gruenheide area, with 1.4 million cubic meters being contracted from local authorities per year — enough for a city of around 40,000 people. Steinbach said that the authorities would like to drill for more water there and outsource any additional supply if necessary. 1960s : Post-war increase 1970s : Oil crisis and tighter safety and emission regulation 1990s : Production started in NICs . 2000s : Rise of China as

3000-497: The rivethead culture. Other influences include sci-fi archetypes such as Lupus Yonderboy and Razorgirl , characters from the Sprawl trilogy by William Gibson . Below some basic characteristics of the rivethead dress style. As a divergence from the extravagance of youth cultures such as New Romantic , goth , cyber , and steampunk , the idea is to make a statement with as few fashion components as possible. The rivethead look commonly

3060-418: The term came from, although he stated that this song title was in his mind for years. The rivethead scene is remotely related but not directly connected to the industrial music culture. Industrial music is a genre of experimental and avant garde music, intertwined with graphical visualization (mostly with disturbing graphical content). The absence of conventional song structures, such as rhythm and melody,

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3120-525: The term's meaning in the 1990s. In 1993, he released Rivet Head Culture , a compilation that contains several electro-industrial and industrial rock acts from the American underground music scene. In the same year, industrial rock group Chemlab − whose members were close friends of Chase − had released their debut album Burn Out at the Hydrogen Bar , which includes a track called " Rivet Head ". Chemlab singer Jared Louche said he did not remember where

3180-596: The top 20 as of 2017, except Mitsubishi which fell out of top 20 in 2016, while Geely fell out of the top 20 in 2014 and 2015 but re-entered it in 2016. It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies. Notable current relationships include: Femme fatale A femme fatale ( / ˌ f ɛ m f ə ˈ t æ l , - ˈ t ɑː l / FEM fə- TA(H)L , French: [fam fatal] ; lit.   ' fatal woman ' ), sometimes called

3240-502: The work of Edgar Allan Poe , and as the vampire , notably in Carmilla and Brides of Dracula . The Monk was greatly admired by the Marquis de Sade , for whom the femme fatale symbolised not evil, but all the best qualities of women; his novel Juliette is perhaps the earliest wherein the femme fatale triumphs. Pre-Raphaelite painters frequently used the classic personifications of

3300-457: The world's largest-producing country in 2009. 2010s : India overtakes Korea, Canada, Spain to become 5th largest automobile producer. 2013 : The share of China (25.4%), India, Korea, Brazil, and Mexico rose to 43%, while the share of United States (12.7%), Japan, Germany, France, and United Kingdom fell to 34%. The OICA counts over 50 countries that assemble, manufacture, or disseminate automobiles. Of those, only 15 countries ( boldfaced in

3360-476: The world's three largest auto manufacturers for a time, and G.M. and Ford remaining the two largest until the mid-2000s. In 1929, before the Great Depression , the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, of which the U.S. automobile enterprises produced more than 90%. At that time, the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons. After 1945, the U.S. produced around three-quarters of the world's auto production. In 1980,

3420-528: The year Dracula was published. The poem, which began: "A fool there was ...", inspired Porter Emerson Browne to write the play, A Fool There Was . The poem was adapted to become a 1909 Broadway production. This was followed by The 1913 film The Vampire by Robert Vignola , containing a "vamp" dance. Protagonist Alice Hollister was publicised as "the original vampire". The 1915 film, A Fool There Was , starring Theda Bara , as "The Vamp" followed. The short poem may have been used in

3480-1042: Was ranked as the #8 film villain of the first 100 years of American cinema by the American Film Institute in the AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains . In a classical film noir trope, she manipulates a man into killing her husband for financial gain. Other examples of femme fatale include Brigid O'Shaughnessy, portrayed by Mary Astor , who murders Sam Spade's partner in The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ); manipulative narcissistic daughter Veda (portrayed by Ann Blyth ) in Mildred Pierce who exploits her indulgent mother Mildred (portrayed by Joan Crawford ) and fatally destroys her mother's remarriage to stepfather Monte Barragon (portrayed by Zachary Scott ); Gene Tierney as Ellen Brent Harland in Leave Her to Heaven ( 1945 ), and

3540-475: Was she merely the dancing-girl who extorts a cry of lust and concupiscence from an old man by the lascivious contortions of her body; who breaks the will, masters the mind of a King by the spectacle of her quivering bosoms, heaving belly and tossing thighs; she was now revealed in a sense as the symbolic incarnation of world-old Vice, the goddess of immortal Hysteria, the Curse of Beauty supreme above all other beauties by

3600-1046: Was the subject of an opera by Strauss, and was popularized on stage, screen, and peep show booths in countless incarnations. She also is seen as a prominent figure in late 19th- and 20th-century opera, appearing in Richard Wagner 's Parsifal ( Kundry ), Georges Bizet 's " Carmen ", Camille Saint-Saëns ' " Samson et Delilah " and Alban Berg 's " Lulu " (based on the plays " Erdgeist " and " Die Büchse der Pandora " by Frank Wedekind ). Other considerably famous femmes fatales include Isabella of France , Hedda Gabler of Kristiania (now Oslo), Marie Antoinette of Austria, and, most famously, Lucrezia Borgia . Mrs Patrick Campbell , George Bernard Shaw 's "second famed platonic love affair", (she published some of his letters) and Philip Burne-Jones 's lover and subject of his 1897 painting, The Vampire , inspired Burne-Jones's cousin Rudyard Kipling to write his poem "The Vampire", in

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