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120-623: A film adaptation of Sin City , co-directed by Robert Rodriguez and Frank Miller , was released on April 1, 2005. A sequel, Sin City: A Dame to Kill For , was released on August 22, 2014. Writer-artist Frank Miller rose to fame within the American comics industry with his 1981–1983 work on Marvel Comics ' Daredevil , and the 1986 DC Comics miniseries The Dark Knight Returns , both of which exhibited subtle elements of film noir . Miller's venture into

240-715: A public house ( British pubs were targeted by the IRA). All are killed by Dwight and Miho. These are the individual stories, usually referred to as "yarns," set in Frank Miller's Sin City universe. The stories have been collected into a number of trade paperbacks and hardcover editions. There is also a collection of art, The Art of Sin City . In 2016, Dark Horse Comics released an ambitious, oversized edition titled Frank Miller’s Sin City The Hard Goodbye Curator’s Collection . This 15 x 21 inch book reprints

360-475: A "private agreement" reached between a woman and a man in a brothel . Yoshiwara has a large number of soaplands where women wash men's bodies. They began when explicit prostitution in Japan became illegal, and were originally known as toruko-buro ( "Turkish bath" ). Japanese prostitutes were held in high regard by European travelling men in the 19th century. A British army officer reported that Japanese women were

480-453: A cardinal, an attorney general, and Roark Junior, 'That Yellow Bastard' . The Girls of Old Town : Populating the region of Basin City known as Old Town is a group of women in the world's oldest profession , having made a truce with the cops to allow them to govern and police themselves. As of A Dame to Kill For , they were led by the twins, Goldie and Wendy. Wallenquist Organization : A powerful crime syndicate led by Herr Wallenquist,

600-453: A corrupt priest, who reveals that the Roark family was behind the murder. Marv kills the priest. As he leaves, Marv is attacked by a woman who looks like Goldie, which he dismisses as a hallucination. Marv goes to the Roark family farm and is subdued by the silent stalker who killed Goldie. He awakens in the basement to find Lucille has been captured after looking into his story. She tells Marv that

720-455: A fanatic for a long time for old crime movies and old crime novels. But it started with the movies. And the old Cagney movies. Bogart and all that. I loved just how the morals of the stories are. They're all about right and wrong. But in Sin City in particular I wanted them all to happen to in a world where virtuous behavior was rare, which greatly resembled the world I lived in. It's kinda like

840-450: A favor, according to Augustine. In urban societies there was an erroneous view that prostitution was flourishing more in rural regions rather than in cities, however, it has been proven that prostitution was more rampant in cities and large towns. Although there were wandering prostitutes in rural areas who worked according to the calendar of fairs, similar to riding a circuit, in which prostitutes stopped by various towns based on what event

960-441: A fight with several Tong gangsters in a dark alleyway. White slavers : Mentioned, but not seen as of A Dame to Kill For . Led by a man named Manuel, whose brothers were also involved. Were "taken care of" by Dwight prior to the events of A Dame to Kill For . Irish mercenaries : Seen during The Big Fat Kill , most of them are evidently former IRA members, as implied by one of the mercenaries referring to his glee at blowing up

1080-404: A given country). In most cases, it can be either an enforced crime, an unenforced crime, a decriminalized activity, a legal but unregulated activity, or a regulated profession. It is one branch of the sex industry , along with pornography, stripping , and erotic dancing . Brothels are establishments specifically dedicated to prostitution. In escort prostitution , the act may take place at

1200-418: A graphic novel. In a more lighthearted piece focusing on the progression of films and the origins of Sin City , fellow Times critic A. O. Scott , identifying Who Framed Roger Rabbit as its chief cinematic predecessor, argued that "Something is missing – something human. Don't let the movies fool you: Roger Rabbit was guilty," with regard to the increasing use of digitisation within films to replace

1320-508: A handful of the cops are honest, though frequently the wealthy of the city bribe the corrupt members of the police into performing their duty (usually as a result of some crime being committed or threatened against a member of their family). During the California Gold Rush , the Roark family "imported" a large number of attractive women to keep the miners happy, making a fortune and turning

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1440-403: A lack of firm values and integrity, and venality, has long been a staple of Russian political rhetoric. One of the famous insults of Leon Trotsky made by Joseph Stalin was calling him a "political prostitute". Leon Trotsky used this epithet himself, calling German Social Democracy, at that time "corrupted by Kautskianism ", a "political prostitution disguised by theories". In 1938, he used

1560-412: A light over here, you grab a light and put it over here. You want a nuclear submarine, you make one out of thin air and put your characters into it." The film was noted throughout production for Rodriguez's plan to stay faithful to the source material, unlike most other comic book adaptations. Rodriguez stated that he considered the film to be "less of an adaptation than a translation". As a result, there

1680-508: A mysterious crime lord with a broad range of criminal enterprises to his name. Although they are one of the city's two "normal" criminal organizations, the Wallenquist management seems to be the most peaceful and forgiving of the various leaders. It is unknown which crime rings they hold. Magliozzi Crime Family : The undisputed heads of the local Cosa Nostra , the Magliozzi family seems to be

1800-575: A necessary evil for society to function. French politicians chose to regulate prostitution, introducing a "Morals Brigade" onto the streets of Paris. A similar situation did in fact exist in the Russian Empire ; prostitutes operating out of government-sanctioned brothels were given yellow internal passports signifying their status and were subjected to weekly physical exams. A major work, Prostitution, Considered in Its Moral, Social, and Sanitary Aspects ,

1920-451: A procuress from her home to public baths and centers established by municipal legislation, the only centers for prostitution legally allowed were the institutionalized and publicly funded brothels. This did not prevent illegal brothels from thriving. Brothels theoretically banned the patronage of married men and clergy, but it was sporadically enforced and there is evidence of clergymen present in brawls that were documented in brothels. Thus

2040-428: A result, several stand-ins were used before the actual actors were digitally added into the film during post-production. Rodriguez, an aficionado of cinematic technology, has used similar techniques in the past. In Roger Ebert 's review of the film, he recalled Rodriguez's speech during production of Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams : "This is the future! You don't wait six hours for a scene to be lighted. You want

2160-522: A scandal involving her husband, Charles Cora, shooting US Marshal William H. Richardson. This led to the rise of new statutes against prostitution, gambling and other activities seen as "immoral". Originally, prostitution was widely legal in the United States. Prostitution was made illegal in almost all states between 1910 and 1915 largely due to the influence of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union . On

2280-442: A soft reboot of the series for television; Stephen L’Heureux who produced the second film was to oversee the series with Sin City creator Frank Miller. The new TV series would feature new characters and timelines and be more like the comics rather than the films. On November 15, 2019, Legendary Pictures bought the rights for the television series. Sin City (film) Sin City (also known as Frank Miller's Sin City )

2400-433: A struggling mining camp into a thriving, bustling city. Over the years, as the Roark family migrated into other areas of business and power, these women ended up forming the district of Old Town, the prostitute quarter of the city where they rule with absolute authority. In addition, the people charged with governing the city, most of them from the Roark line, remained in power for generations, running it as they saw fit. As

2520-640: A woman who "did business trading [their bodies], within the confine[s] of a brothel ." A fourteenth-century English tract, Fasciculus Morum , states that the term prostitute (termed ' meretrix ' in this document), "must be applied only to those women who give themselves to anyone and will refuse none, and that for monetary gain". In general prostitution was not typically a lifetime career choice for women. Women usually alternated their career of prostitution with "petty retailing, and victualing," or only occasionally turned to prostitution in times of great financial need. Women who became prostitutes often did not have

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2640-546: A year. According to Dervish Ismail Agha, in the Dellâkname-i Dilküşâ, the Ottoman archives, in the hammams , the masseurs were traditionally young men , who helped wash clients by soaping and scrubbing their bodies. They also worked as sex workers . The Ottoman texts describe who they were, their prices, how many times they could bring their customers to orgasm , and the details of their sexual practices. In

2760-530: A young woman from a grotesquely disfigured serial killer . The intro and outro of the film are based on the short story "The Customer is Always Right" which is collected in Booze, Broads & Bullets , the sixth book in the comic series. Sin City opened to critical and commercial success, gathering particular recognition for the film's unique color processing which rendered most of the film in black and white while retaining or adding color for selected objects. The film

2880-414: Is sentenced to death in the electric chair . Wendy visits him on death row and thanks him for avenging her sister. Marv is then executed. Shellie is being harassed by her abusive ex-boyfriend Jackie Boy. Her boyfriend Dwight McCarthy violently warns him to leave Shellie alone. Jackie Boy and his cronies drunkenly drive to Old Town. Dwight follows and sees them harass Becky, a young prostitute. Gail,

3000-557: Is a 2005 American neo-noir action crime anthology film directed by Robert Rodriguez and Frank Miller based on Miller's comic book series of the same name . The film stars an ensemble cast led by Jessica Alba , Benicio del Toro , Brittany Murphy , Clive Owen , Mickey Rourke , Bruce Willis , and Elijah Wood , and featuring Alexis Bledel , Powers Boothe , Michael Clarke Duncan , Rosario Dawson , Devon Aoki , Carla Gugino , Rutger Hauer , Jaime King , Michael Madsen , Nick Stahl , and Makenzie Vega among others. Much of

3120-577: Is being followed by a deformed, yellow man. He eventually finds her at Kadie's Bar, where she has become an exotic dancer . Hartigan realizes he was set up to lead "them" to Nancy and the two drive away in her car, followed by the deformed man. As they hide in a motel, Nancy confesses her love for Hartigan, who is unable to reciprocate her feelings. The deformed man ambushes Hartigan and reveals himself as Roark Junior, disfigured by years of treatment to regenerate his body parts. Junior hangs Hartigan and takes Nancy away. Hartigan escapes and tracks down Junior to

3240-405: Is described as a neo-noir film by some authors. Sin City grossed $ 29.1 million on its opening weekend in first place, defeating fellow opener Beauty Shop by more than twice its opening take. The film saw a sharp decline in its second weekend, dropping over 50%. Ultimately, the film ended its North American run with a gross of $ 74.1 million against its $ 40 million negative cost . Overseas,

3360-497: Is in a coma and the Roark legacy is in serious jeopardy. Hartigan will be framed for Junior's crimes; if he tells anyone the truth, his family will die. A grateful Nancy promises to write to him every week. Hartigan goes to jail, though he refuses to confess. He receives weekly letters from Nancy, as promised. After eight years, the letters stop and he receives a severed finger instead. Hartigan confesses to all charges, leading to his parole. He searches for an adult Nancy, not knowing he

3480-425: Is indistinguishable from prostitution. Religious supporters of mut'ah argue that temporary marriage is different from prostitution for a couple of reasons, including the necessity of iddah in case the couple have sexual intercourse. It means that if a woman marries a man in this way and has sex, she has to wait for a number of months before marrying again and therefore, a woman cannot marry more than 3 or 4 times in

3600-677: Is legalised prostitution which has been sanctioned by the Twelver Shia authorities. She quotes the Oxford encyclopedia of modern Islamic world to differentiate between marriage ( nikah ) and mut'ah , and states that while nikah is for procreation, mut'ah is just for sexual gratification. According to Zeyno Baran, this kind of temporary marriage provides Shi'ite men with a religiously sanctioned equivalent to prostitution. According to Elena Andreeva's observation published in 2007, Russian travellers to Iran consider mut'ah to be "legalized profligacy" which

3720-466: Is no screenwriting in the credits; simply "Based on the graphic novels by Frank Miller". There were several minor changes, such as dialogue trimming, new colorized objects, removal of some nudity, slightly edited violence, and minor deleted scenes. These scenes were later added in the release of the Sin City Collectors DVD, which also split the books into four separate stories. The soundtrack

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3840-413: Is not inherent in the etymology, which rather suggests one 'exposed to lust' or sex 'indiscriminately offered.'" The word prostitute was then carried down through various languages to the present-day Western society. Most sex worker activists groups reject the word prostitute and since the late 1970s have used the term sex worker instead. However, sex worker can also mean anyone who works within

3960-447: Is not the killer, the two return to the farm where Marv traps and kills Kevin. He confronts Cardinal Roark, who confesses his part in the murders. Kevin was the cardinal's ward; the two men ate the prostitutes to "consume their souls". Marv kills the cardinal. He is then shot and captured by his guards. Marv is nursed back to health. Corrupt cops threaten to kill his mother to get him to confess to killing Roark, Kevin and their victims. He

4080-438: Is often defined as an activity requiring physical contact (e.g., sexual intercourse , non-penetrative sex , manual sex , oral sex , etc.) with the customer. The requirement of physical contact also creates the risk of transferring infections . Prostitution is sometimes described as sexual services , commercial sex or, colloquially, hooking . It is sometimes referred to euphemistically as "the world's oldest profession " in

4200-398: Is otherwise forbidden. Sunni Muslims, who make up the majority of Muslims worldwide, believe the practice of fixed-term marriage was abrogated and ultimately forbidden by either Muhammad, or one of his successors, Umar . Sunnis regard prostitution as sinful and forbidden. Some writers have argued that mut'ah and nikah misyar approximate prostitution. Julie Parshall writes that mut'ah

4320-565: Is said to practice procuring is a procurer , or procuress . They may also be called panderers or brothel keepers . Examples of procuring include: Clients of prostitutes, most often men by prevalence , are sometimes known as johns or tricks in North America and punters in Britain and Ireland. These slang terms are used among both prostitutes and law enforcement for persons who solicit prostitutes. The term john may have originated from

4440-464: Is the son of the corrupt and powerful Senator Roark , who has bribed Hartigan's corrupt partner, Bob, to cover up his son's crimes. Bob tries to persuade Hartigan to walk away; Hartigan knocks him out. Hartigan, fighting pain from a bad heart , heads into the warehouse where Roark Junior is holding Nancy. After defeating his accomplices, Hartigan confronts Junior and shoots off his ear, hand and genitals. Bob, now recovered, arrives and shoots Hartigan in

4560-414: Is tired of running and that he will save her. The two share a kiss and he shoots her; she dies in his arms. He says he will never know what she was running from but that he will cash her check in the morning. On the docks of Sin City, aging police officer John Hartigan tries to stop serial child-killer Roark Junior from raping and killing his fourth known victim, eleven-year-old Nancy Callahan . Junior

4680-468: The Seattle Post-Intelligencer described it as a celebration of "helpless people being tortured" and "a disturbing gorefest". The New York Times critic Manohla Dargis gave credit for Rodriguez's "scrupulous care and obvious love for its genre influences", but noted that "it's a shame the movie is kind of a bore" because the director's vision seems to prevail on the intensity of reading

4800-533: The American Civil War , the word more likely comes from the concentration of prostitutes around the shipyards and ferry terminal of the Corlear's Hook area of Manhattan in the 1820s, who came to be referred to as "hookers". A streetwalker solicits customers on the streets or in public places, while a call girl makes appointments by phone, or in recent years, through email or the internet. Correctly or not,

4920-519: The Indian subcontinent , particularly during the era of the Mughal Empire . These courtesans danced, sang, recited poetry and entertained their suitors at mehfils . Like the geisha tradition in Japan, their main purpose was to professionally entertain their guests, and while sex was often incidental, it was not assured contractually. High-class or the most popular tawaifs could often pick and choose between

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5040-736: The Old English word hōra , from the Proto-Germanic *hōrōn (prostitute), which derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂- meaning "desire", a root which has also given us Latin cārus (dear), whence the French cher (dear, expensive) and the Latin cāritās (love, charity). Use of the word whore is widely considered pejorative , especially in its modern slang form of ho . In Germany, however, most prostitutes' organizations deliberately use

5160-597: The Palme d'Or at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival , and Rodriguez won the Technical Grand Prize for the film's visual shaping. Graeme Revell 's work in the film was honored with a Best Film Music Award at the BMI Film & TV Awards . Sin City was nominated at the 2006 MTV Movie Awards in three categories: Best Movie , Best Kiss for Clive Owen and Rosario Dawson , and Sexiest Performance for Jessica Alba , winning

5280-476: The classical period is better documented, and includes references to both free-born voluntary prostitutes, including the high social status hetairai , as well as involuntary slave prostitutes. Male prostitutes also existed in Ancient Greece. There was never a unified legal approach to prostitution in ancient Rome . In ancient Rome, prostitutes had low social status and were considered infamia . Under

5400-574: The decriminalization of prostitution . Prostitute is derived from the Latin prostituta . Some sources cite the verb as a composition of " pro " meaning "up front" or "forward" and " stituere ", defined as "to offer up for sale". Another explanation is that prostituta is a composition of pro and statuere (to cause to stand, to station, place erect). A literal translation therefore is: "to put up front for sale" or "to place forward". The Online Etymology Dictionary states, "The notion of 'sex for hire'

5520-401: The " Nordic model " that decriminalizes the act of selling sex and makes the purchase of sex illegal. This approach has also been adopted by Canada , Iceland , Ireland , Northern Ireland , Norway , France and Sweden . Others view sex work as a legitimate occupation, whereby a person trades or exchanges sexual acts for money. Amnesty International is one of the notable groups calling for

5640-624: The 21st century, Afghans revived a method of prostituting young boys which is referred to as " bacha bazi ". India's devadasi girls are forced by their poor families to dedicate themselves to the Hindu goddess Renuka . The BBC wrote in 2007 that devadasis are "sanctified prostitutes". In Latin America and the Caribbean sex worker movements date back to the late 19th century in Havana, Cuba . A catalyst in

5760-502: The English-speaking world. A person who works in the field is usually called a prostitute or sex worker , but other words, such as hooker and whore , are sometimes used pejoratively to refer to those who work in prostitution. The majority of prostitutes are female and have male clients. Prostitution occurs in a variety of forms, and its legal status varies from country to country (sometimes from region to region within

5880-462: The Guild so that the joint credit could remain. The film was released on DVD and VHS on August 16, 2005. Buena Vista Home Entertainment released a two-disc Blu-ray version with DTS-HD Master Audio , which includes a theatrical and extended, unrated, recut of 147 minutes, on April 21, 2009. Sin City opened on April 1, 2005, to generally positive reviews. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ,

6000-402: The Roark farm. He fakes a heart attack , causing Junior to lower his guard. He castrates Junior a second time and brutally beats him to death. He sends Nancy away in her car, promising to join her soon. Knowing that Senator Roark will never stop hunting them, Hartigan commits suicide to ensure Nancy's safety. An injured Becky departs from a hospital, talking on a cell phone with her mother. In

6120-513: The Russian political lexicon, such as when a Huffington Post contributor expressed the opinion that Donald Trump was "prostituting himself to feed his ego and gain power" when he ran for President of the United States. Sex work researcher and writer Gail Pheterson writes that these metaphorical usages exist because "the term prostitute gradually took on a Christian moralist tradition, as being synonymous with debasement of oneself or of others for

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6240-593: The Sin City mythos. The Basin City Police Department : So deep does corruption and criminality run in Basin City that even their police officers qualify as a gang of paid thugs, turning a blind eye to the affairs of those too poor to pay them off. Few among them are considered incorruptible; even the honest officers are unable (or unwilling) to curtail the criminal actions of the dishonest ones. Notable characters in

6360-535: The United Arab Emirates form a large proportion of the customers. In the Islamic world, sex outside of marriage was normally acquired by men not by paying for temporary sex from a free sex worker, but rather by personal sex slave called concubine , which was a sex slave trade that was still ongoing in the early 20th-century . Traditionally, prostitution in the Islamic world was historically practiced by way of

6480-537: The advent of the Protestant Reformation , numbers of Southern German towns closed their brothels in an attempt to eradicate prostitution. In some periods prostitutes had to distinguish themselves by particular signs, sometimes wearing very short hair or no hair at all, or wearing veils in societies where other women did not wear them. Ancient codes regulated in this case the crime of a prostitute that dissimulated her profession. In some cultures, prostitutes were

6600-416: The annual revenue generated by prostitution worldwide to be over $ 100 billion. The position of prostitution and the law varies widely worldwide, reflecting differing opinions. Some view prostitution as a form of exploitation of or violence against women , and children , that helps to create a supply of victims for human trafficking . Some critics of prostitution as an institution are supporters of

6720-409: The arts of dance, music, poetry, and calligraphy as well as sexual services, and an educated wit was considered essential for sophisticated conversation. Many became celebrities of their times outside the pleasure districts. Their art and fashions often set trends among wealthy women. The last recorded oiran was in 1761. Although illegal in modern Japan, the definition of prostitution does not extend to

6840-575: The back. As the sirens approach, Bob leaves and Nancy lies down in Hartigan's lap. Hartigan passes out, reasoning his death is a fair trade for the girl's life. After a one-night stand with a woman named Goldie , Marv awakens to find she has been killed while he slept. He flees the frame-up as the police arrive, vowing to avenge her death. His lesbian parole officer , Lucille, advises him to give up, for Marv may have imagined it all due to his "condition". Marv interrogates several informants, working up to

6960-869: The best of their suitors. They contributed to music, dance, theatre, film, and the Urdu literary tradition. During the East India Company 's rule in India from 1757 until 1857, it was common for European soldiers serving in the presidency armies to solicit the services of Indian prostitutes , and they frequently paid visits to local nautch dancers for purposes of a sexual nature. Prostitutes from Japan were also popular. Asian prostitutes were held in higher regard than prostitutes from Europe because they came from higher social backgrounds and were regarded as cleaner, more attractive and entertaining than prostitutes back in Europe. In

7080-516: The best prostitutes in the world, for their attractiveness, cleanliness, and intelligence. The Mahabharata and the Matsya Purana mention fictitious accounts of the origin of Prostitution. Although, Later Vedic texts tacitly, as well as overtly, mention Prostitutes, it is in the Buddhist literature that professional prostitutes are noticed. A tawaif was a courtesan who catered to the nobility of

7200-527: The clergy were at least present in brothels at some point or another. Brothels also settled the "obsessive fear of the sharing of women" and solved the issue of "collective security." The lives of prostitutes in brothels were not cloistered like that of nuns and "only some lived permanently in the streets assigned to them." Prostitutes were only allowed to practice their trade in the brothel in which they worked. Brothels were also used to protect prostitutes and their clients through various regulations. For example,

7320-544: The client's residence or hotel room (referred to as out-call), or at the escort's residence or a hotel room rented for the occasion by the escort (in-call). Another form is street prostitution . According to a 2011 report by Fondation Scelles there are about 42 million prostitutes in the world, living all over the world (though most of Central Asia, the Middle East and Africa lack data, studied countries in that large region rank as top sex tourism destinations). Estimates place

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7440-486: The comics rather than the films. In November 2019, Deadline reported that Legendary Pictures bought the rights for the television series and are developing both a live action and animated series of Sin City with both Miller and Rodriguez in talks to work on the series as executive producers. Prostitute Prostitution is a type of sex work that involves engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment . The definition of "sexual activity" varies, and

7560-407: The confinement of prostitutes to red light districts . Sumptuary laws became the regulatory norm for prostitutes and included making courtesans "wear a shoulder-knot of a particular color as a badge of their calling" to be able to easily distinguish the prostitute from a respectable woman in society. The color that designated them as prostitutes could vary from different earth tones to yellow, as

7680-427: The death of her mother, betrays the prostitutes. Manute prepares the mob's invasion of Old Town. Dwight trades Jackie Boy's head for Gail's freedom but the head is stuffed with explosives; Dwight detonates it, destroying the evidence and Gail's captors. The other prostitutes gun down the mercenaries while Becky, injured in the fight, escapes. Hartigan is recovering in a hospital when Senator Roark informs him that Junior

7800-518: The early 17th century, there was widespread male and female prostitution throughout the cities of Kyoto , Edo , and Osaka , Japan. Oiran were courtesans in Japan during the Edo period . The oiran were considered a type of yūjo ( 遊女 ) "woman of pleasure" or prostitute. Among the oiran , the tayū ( 太夫 ) was considered the highest rank of courtesan available only to the wealthiest and highest ranking men. To entertain their clients, oiran practiced

7920-456: The elevator she encounters The Salesman, dressed as a doctor. He offers her a cigarette, calling her by name, and she abruptly ends the call with her mother. Frank Miller makes a cameo appearance as a priest, while Robert Rodriguez makes a cameo appearance as a member of the SWAT team. Principal photography began on March 29, 2004. Several of the scenes were shot before any actor had signed on; as

8040-701: The end of the 15th-century attitudes seemed to have begun to harden against prostitution. An outbreak of syphilis in Naples 1494 which later swept across Europe, and which may have originated from the Columbian Exchange , and the prevalence of other sexually transmitted infections from the earlier 13th century, may have been causes of this change in attitude. By the early 16th century, the association between prostitutes, plague, and contagion emerged, causing brothels and prostitution to be outlawed by secular authority. Furthermore, outlawing brothel-keeping and prostitution

8160-407: The entire first storyline, scanned and reproduced exactly from the original art at 1:1 size. When referencing the production process in an interview with Michael Dooley for Print Magazine , editor/designer John Lind gave the anecdote “When Frank and I first reviewed some of the scanned pages from Sin City , he pulled one aside and said, ‘You can see details in some of the scans where you can tell what

8280-600: The era. The Church used Mary Magdalene's biblical history of being a reformed harlot to encourage prostitutes to repent and mend their ways. Simultaneously, religious houses were established with the purpose of providing asylum and encouraging the reformation of prostitution. 'Magdalene Homes' were particularly popular and peaked especially in the early fourteenth century. Over the course of the Middle Ages, popes and religious communities made various attempts to remove prostitution or reform prostitutes, with varying success. With

8400-476: The establishment of prostitution, men were less likely to collectively rape honest women of marriageable and re-marriageable age. This is most clearly demonstrated in St. Augustine 's claim that "the removal of the institution would bring lust into all aspects of the world." Meaning that without prostitutes to subvert male tendencies, men would go after innocent women instead, thus the prostitutes were actually doing society

8520-419: The familial ties or means to protect themselves from the lure of prostitution, and it has been recorded on several occasions that mothers would be charged with prostituting their own daughters in exchange for extra money. Medieval civilians accepted without question the fact of prostitution, it was a necessary part of medieval life. Prostitutes subverted the sexual tendencies of male youth, just by existing. With

8640-442: The fear of women who did not fit into a stereotypical category outside of marriage or religious life. Secular law, like most other aspects of prostitution in the Middle Ages, is difficult to generalize due to the regional variations in attitudes towards prostitution. The global trend of the thirteenth century was toward the development of positive policy on prostitution as laws exiling prostitutes changed towards sumptuary laws and

8760-470: The film grossed $ 84.6 million, for a worldwide total from theater receipts of $ 158.7 million. Mickey Rourke won a Saturn Award , an Online Film Critics Society Award , a Chicago Film Critics Association Award , and an Irish Film & Television Award for his performance. The film also won the Saturn Awards for Best Action Film and Best DVD Special Edition Release . It was also in competition for

8880-456: The film holds an approval rating of 76% based on 257 reviews, with an average rating of 7.50/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Visually groundbreaking and terrifically violent, Sin City brings the dark world of Frank Miller's graphic novel to vivid life." On Metacritic the film has a score of 74 (citing "generally favorable reviews") based on 40 reviews. A 2017 data analysis of Metacritic reviews by Gizmodo UK found Sin City to be

9000-495: The film is based on the first, third, and fourth books in Miller's original comic series. The Hard Goodbye is about an ex-convict who embarks on a rampage in search of his one-time sweetheart's killer. The Big Fat Kill follows a private investigator who gets caught in a street war between a group of prostitutes and a group of mercenaries, the police and the mob. That Yellow Bastard focuses on an aging police officer who protects

9120-604: The film noir genre deepened with his creator-owned series Sin City , which began publishing in serialized form in the Dark Horse Comics anthology series Dark Horse Presents #51–62. The story was released in a trade paperback and later re-released in 1995 under the name Sin City: The Hard Goodbye . In a 2016 interview with the Kubert School , Miller explained his inspiration for Sin City thus: I've been

9240-552: The film on his list of the "Top Ten" films of 2005. Chauncey Mabe of the Sun-Sentinel wrote: "Really, there will be no reason for anyone to make a comic-book film ever again. Miller and Rodriguez have pushed the form as far as it can possibly go." Some reviews focused predominantly on the film's more graphic content, criticizing it for a lack of "humanity", the overwhelmingly dominant themes of violence against women, typically of an exploitative or sexualized nature. William Arnold of

9360-629: The frequent customer practice of giving one's name as "John", a common name in English-speaking countries, in an effort to maintain anonymity. In some places, men who drive around red-light districts for the purpose of soliciting prostitutes are also known as kerb crawlers . Female clients of prostitutes are sometimes referred to as janes or sugar mamas . The word "prostitution" can also be used metaphorically to mean debasing oneself or working towards an unworthy cause or "selling out". In this sense, "prostituting oneself" or "whoring oneself"

9480-415: The human elements. He applauds the fact Rodriguez "has rendered a gorgeous world of silvery shadows that updates the expressionist cinematography of postwar noir" but bemoans that several elements of "old film noirs has been digitally broomed away", resulting instead in a film that "offers sensation without feeling, death without grief, sin without guilt, and, ultimately, novelty without surprise". Sin City

9600-430: The humidity was like when I was lettering because you can see the smudging from my hand.’ That type of reaction represents the level of detail I'm working hard to achieve with the production. A film adaptation of Sin City , co-directed by Robert Rodriguez and Frank Miller , was released on April 1, 2005. A sequel, Sin City: A Dame to Kill For , was released on August 22, 2014. Dimension Films planned to develop

9720-441: The killer is a cannibal named Kevin and that Goldie was a prostitute . They escape the basement, but Lucille is shot by a squad of corrupt cops. Marv kills the cops except for their leader, who reveals Cardinal Patrick Henry Roark arranged for Goldie's murder. Marv goes to Old Town, Sin City's prostitute-run red-light district , to learn more about Goldie and is captured by her twin sister, Wendy . Once he convinces Wendy that he

9840-414: The landscape around the city. The Basin City Police Department are more or less along the lines of paramilitary or SWAT , as they have to deal with incredibly high crime rates among criminals and civilians alike, which is why they have access to what most would consider "heavy weaponry" and full body armor. Those who make up the force have been described as commonly being lazy, cowardly and/or corrupt. Only

9960-571: The last for directing the drive-to-the-pits scene in which Dwight talks with a dead Jack Rafferty ( Benicio del Toro ). Miller and Rodriguez worked as a team directing the rest of the film. When the Directors Guild of America refused to allow two directors that were not an established team to be credited (especially since Miller had never directed before), Rodriguez first planned to give Miller full credit. Miller would not accept this. Rodriguez, also refusing to take full credit, decided to resign from

10080-494: The latter. The film also received three nominations at the 2005 Teen Choice Awards : Choice Action Movie , Choice Action Movie Actress for Jessica Alba and Choice Movie Villain for Elijah Wood . A sequel, Sin City: A Dame to Kill For , was released on August 22, 2014. Production for the sequel began in October 2012 with Robert Rodriguez and Frank Miller directing a script co-written by them and William Monahan . The film

10200-485: The law that "forbid brothel keepers [from] beat[ing] them." However, brothel regulations also hindered prostitutes' lives by forbidding them from having "lovers other than their customers" or from having a favored customer. Courts showed conflicting views on the role of prostitutes in secular law as prostitutes could not inherit property, defend themselves in court, or make accusations in court. However, prostitutes were sometimes called upon as witnesses during trial. By

10320-404: The mob would be free to wage war on Old Town. Dwight takes the bodies to a tar pit , where he is ambushed by an ex- IRA mercenary hired by mob boss Wallenquist. He nearly drowns in the tar before Miho saves him. The mercenary flees to the sewer with Jackie Boy's severed head but Dwight and Miho retrieve it and return to Old Town. Meanwhile, mob enforcer Manute kidnaps Gail. Becky, threatened with

10440-507: The movement being a newspaper published by Havana sex workers. This publication went by the name La Cebolla , created by Las Horizontales . During this period, prostitution was also very prominent in the Barbary Coast, San Francisco as the population was mainly men, due to the influx from the Gold Rush . One of the more successful madams was Belle Cora , who inadvertently got involved in

10560-488: The negative space between panels, or are created by the outline of the panels themselves. This is especially evident in early "yarns," such as The Hard Goodbye , which were more experimental. On April 28, 2022, it was officially announced that Miller was launching the comic book publishing company Frank Miller Presents (FMP), with one of his initial contributions being a Western tale set in Sin City's past, titled Sin City 1858 . Basin City, almost universally referred to by

10680-518: The nickname "Sin City", is a fictional town in the Western United States . The climate is hot and arid, although Sacred Oaks is characterized as being heavily wooded. A major river runs through the city, which has an extensive waterfront. Usually twice a year, a major downpour comes, and the city is prone to heavy snowfall in the winter. Desert lizards and palm trees are common, while tar pits, desert areas, mountain ranges and flat farmland make up

10800-438: The old Rolling Stones song , where every cop's a criminal, and all the sinners are saints, where the lowlifes would often be heroic, and the most stridently beautiful and sweet women would be prostitutes. I wanted it to be a world out of balance, where virtue is defined by individuals in difficult situations, not by an overwhelming sense of goodness that was somehow governed by this godlike Comics Code . The film noir influence on

10920-554: The phenomenon of prostitution, they rarely attempted to define what a prostitute was because it was deemed unnecessary "to specify exactly who fell into that [specific] category" of a prostitute. The first known definition of prostitution was found in Marseille's thirteenth-century statutes, which included a chapter entitled De meretricibus ("regarding prostitutes"). The Marseillais designated prostitutes as "public girls" who, day and night, received two or more men in their house, and as

11040-461: The pimp temporarily selling his slave to her client, who then returned the ownership of the slave after intercourse. The Islamic Law formally prohibited prostitution. However, since Islamic Law allowed a man to have sexual intercourse with his slave concubine , prostitution was practiced by a pimp selling his female slave on the slave market to a client, who returned his ownership on the pretext of discontent after having had intercourse with her, which

11160-474: The prostitute to repent ." The Church was forced to recognize its inability to remove prostitution from the worldly society, and in the fourteenth century "began to tolerate prostitution as a lesser evil." However, prostitutes were to be excluded from the Church as long as they practiced. Around the twelfth century, the idea of prostitute saints took hold, with Mary Magdalene being one of the most popular saints of

11280-464: The prostitutes' leader and Dwight's on-and-off lover, also witnesses the scene. When Jackie Boy threatens Becky with a gun, Miho , a martial arts expert, kills Jackie Boy and his friends. They realize Jackie Boy is actually Detective Lieutenant Jack Rafferty of the Basin City Police, considered a "hero cop" by the press. If the cops learn how he died, their truce with the prostitutes would end and

11400-485: The purest example of "true" Mafia lifestyle. While they appear in only one story, it is hinted that the Mafia influence in Basin City's underworld is a lot larger than just their family and that there are more families. Other groups that have been seen or mentioned in the comics include: Tong gangsters : Mentioned, but not seen as of A Dame to Kill For . Miho's life was saved by Dwight when he secretly protected her during

11520-659: The purpose of ill-gotten gains". Although historically it was suggested that peoples of the Ancient Near East engaged in sacred prostitution based on accounts of ancient Greek authors like Herodotus , the veracity of these claims has been seriously questioned due to a lack of corroborating evidence. Amongst the oldest reliable references to prostitution in ancient Greece comes from the Archaic era poet Anacreon ( c.  575 – c. 495 BC) in his poem about Artemon, which references "whores by choice". The record of prostitution in

11640-600: The reign of emperor Caligula , a taxation on prostitution was implemented. Roman slave owners were able to include the ne serva prostituatur covenant as part of slave sale contracts, which prohibited the slaves being forced to prostitute themselves by their owners after being sold. Throughout the Middle Ages the definition of a prostitute has been ambiguous, with various secular and canonical organizations defining prostitution in constantly evolving terms. Even though medieval secular authorities created legislation to deal with

11760-585: The same description for the Comintern , saying that the chief aim of the Bonapartist clique of Stalin during the preceding several years "has consisted in proving to the imperialist 'democracies' its wise conservatism and love for order. For the sake of the longed alliance with imperialist democracies [Stalin] has brought the Comintern to the last stages of political prostitution." Besides targeting political figures,

11880-400: The sequel, amongst others. Unlike the 2005 original, the sequel was a critical and financial failure. In 2017, news outlets reported that Dimension Films was developing a soft reboot of the series for television. Stephen L'Heureux, who produced the second film, would have overseen the series with Sin City creator Frank Miller. It would be with new characters and timelines and be more like

12000-451: The series who are police include Detective John Hartigan , his partner Bob, Lieutenants Jack Rafferty and Mort, Commissioner Liebowitz, and Officers Manson and Bundy from Hell and Back . Roark family : A dynasty of corrupt landowners and politicians whose influence over Basin City has stretched as far back as the days of the Old West. Famous Roarks of this generation include a senator,

12120-539: The series' artwork is seen in its use of shadow and stark backgrounds. Black and white are the sole colors most of the time, with exception of red, yellow, blue, and pink, of which limited use is made in some stories to draw attention to particular characters. The writing style also draws heavily on detective and crime pulp fiction . Miller's Sin City work challenges some conventions of comic book form. The letters of onomatopoeic words like "blam" are often incorporated into scenes via lighting effects, or are suggested by

12240-612: The services or acts performed are typically not sexual. For instance, in the book The Catcher in the Rye , Holden Caulfield says of his brother ("D.B."): "Now he's out in Hollywood, D.B., being a prostitute. If there's one thing I hate, it's the movies. Don't even mention them to me." D.B. is not literally a prostitute; Holden feels that his job writing B-movie screenplays is morally debasing. The prostitution metaphor, "traditionally used to signify political inconstancy, unreliability, fickleness,

12360-486: The sex industry or whose work is of a sexual nature and is not limited solely to prostitutes. A variety of terms are used for those who engage in prostitution, some of which distinguish between different types of prostitution or imply a value judgment about them. This terminology is hotly contested among scholars. Common alternatives for prostitute include escort and whore ; however, not all professional escorts are prostitutes. The English word whore derives from

12480-548: The sole women allowed to sing in public or act in theatrical performances. In the 19th century, legalized prostitution became the center of public controversy as the British government passed the Contagious Diseases Acts , legislation mandating pelvic examinations for suspected prostitutes; they would remain in force until 1886. The French government , instead of trying to outlaw prostitution, began to view prostitution as

12600-598: The song "Cells" by the London-based alternative group The Servant . The song was heavily featured in the film's publicity, including the promotional trailers and television spots, and being featured on the film's DVD menus. "Sensemayá" by Silvestre Revueltas is also used on the end sequence of "That Yellow Bastard". Fluke 's track "Absurd" is also used when Hartigan first enters Kadie's. Three directors received credit for Sin City : Miller, Rodriguez, and Quentin Tarantino ,

12720-471: The term is used in relation to organizations and even small countries, which "have no choice but to sell themselves", because their voice in world affairs is insignificant. In 2007, a Russian caricature depicted the Baltic states as three "ladies of the night", "vying for the attentions of Uncle Sam, since the Russian client has run out of money". Usage of the "political prostitute" moniker is by no means unique to

12840-400: The third most critically divisive film of recent years. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale. Roger Ebert awarded the film four out of four stars, describing it as "a visualization of the pulp noir imagination, uncompromising and extreme. Yes, and brilliant." Online critical reaction was particularly strong: James Berardinelli placed

12960-473: The use of the word prostitute without specifying a sex may commonly be assumed to be female; compound terms such as male prostitution or male escort are therefore often used to identify males. Those offering services to female customers are commonly known as gigolos ; those offering services to male customers are hustlers or rent boys . Organizers of prostitution may be known colloquially as pimps if male or madams if female. More formally, one who

13080-469: The various yarns progress, the audience gradually becomes familiar with key locations in and around Basin City: Because a large majority of the residents of Basin City are criminals, there are several organizations and cartels central to the stories who are vying for monopoly over the various criminal enterprises in the city. Listed below are crime syndicates, gangs and other low-lifes who figure heavily in

13200-405: The word Hure (whore) since they feel that prostitute is a bureaucratic term. Those seeking to remove the social stigma associated with prostitution often promote terminology such as sex worker , commercial sex worker (CSW) or sex trade worker . Another commonly used word for a prostitute is hooker . Although a popular etymology connects "hooker" with Joseph Hooker , a Union general in

13320-511: Was a legal and accepted method for prostitution in the Islamic world. This form of prostitution was practiced by for example Ibn Batuta , who acquired several female slaves during his travels. According to Shia Muslims, Muhammad sanctioned fixed-term marriage — muta'a in Iraq and sigheh in Iran—which has instead been used as a legitimizing cover for sex workers, in a culture where prostitution

13440-514: Was also used to "strengthen the criminal law" system of the sixteenth-century secular rulers. Canon law defined a prostitute as "a promiscuous woman, regardless of financial elements." The prostitute was considered a "whore … who [was] available for the lust of many men," and was most closely associated with promiscuity. The Church's stance on prostitution was three-fold: "acceptance of prostitution as an inevitable social fact, condemnation of those profiting from this commerce, and encouragement for

13560-481: Was based mainly on A Dame to Kill For , the second book in the Sin City series by Miller, and also included the short story "Just Another Saturday Night" from the Booze, Broads, & Bullets collection, as well as two original stories written by Miller for the film, titled "The Long Bad Night" and "Nancy's Last Dance". Actors Bruce Willis , Mickey Rourke , Rosario Dawson and Jessica Alba all reprised their roles in

13680-400: Was composed by Rodriguez, John Debney , and Graeme Revell . The film's three main stories were each scored by an individual composer: Revell scored "The Hard Goodbye", Debney scored "The Big Fat Kill", and Rodriguez scored "That Yellow Bastard". Additionally, Rodriguez co-scored with the other two composers on several tracks. Another notable piece of music used was the instrumental version of

13800-459: Was going on at the time, most prostitutes remained in cities. Cities tended to draw more prostitutes due to the sheer size of the population and the institutionalization of prostitution in urban areas which made it more rampant in metropolitan regions. Furthermore, in both urban and rural areas of society, women who did not live under the rule of male authority were more likely to be suspected of prostitution than their oppressed counterparts because of

13920-901: Was made illegal by the Street Offences Act 1959 . These laws were partly repealed, and altered, by the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and the Policing and Crime Act 2009 . Since the break up of the Soviet Union , thousands of eastern European women end up as prostitutes in China, Western Europe, Israel, and Turkey every year. Some enter the profession willingly; many are tricked, coerced, or kidnapped, and often experience captivity and violence. There are tens of thousands of women from eastern Europe and Asia working as prostitutes in Dubai . Men from Saudi Arabia and

14040-515: Was nonetheless common. The economic decline brought about by the collapse of the Soviet Union led to increased prostitution in many current and former Communist countries. In 1956, the United Kingdom introduced the Sexual Offences Act 1956 . While this law did not criminalise the act of prostitution in the United Kingdom itself, it prohibited such activities as running a brothel. Soliciting

14160-555: Was published by William Acton in 1857, which estimated that the County of London had 80,000 prostitutes and that 1 house in 60 was serving as a brothel. Leo Tolstoy 's novel Resurrection describes legal prostitution in 19th-century Russia. The leading Marxist theorists opposed prostitution. Communist governments often attempted to repress the practice immediately after obtaining power, although it always persisted. In most contemporary communist states , prostitution remained illegal but

14280-445: Was screened at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival in competition and won the Technical Grand Prize for the film's "visual shaping". A sequel also directed by Miller and Rodriguez was released in 2014, Sin City: A Dame to Kill For , but failed to match the success of its predecessor. The Salesman walks onto a penthouse balcony where The Customer looks out over Basin City. He offers her a cigarette and says that she looks like someone who

14400-482: Was usually designated as a color of shame in the Hebrew communities. These laws, however, proved no impediment to wealthier prostitutes because their glamorous appearances were almost indistinguishable from noble women. In the 14th century , London prostitutes were only tolerated when they wore yellow hoods. Although brothels were still present in most cities and urban centers and could range from private bordelages run by

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