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28-894: Premier Wen Jiabao held a State Council meeting on 10 September 2003 regarding the issue of reviving northeast China. The meeting saw the drafting of the document "Certain Opinions Regarding Implementing the Strategies of Reviving the Old Industrial Bases Including the Northeast", which would be jointly disseminated by the Central Committee of the CCP and the State Council in October 2003. The State Council established

56-606: A number of people formally shared the responsibility of chief minister to the Emperor. Even when one of them dominated government, such as in the case of Li Hongzhang , they were nevertheless formally just one of several ministers of equal status. During much of the Qing dynasty , for example, the traditional role of the Chancellor was performed collectively by the Grand Council . In mid-1911,

84-570: A result, the top party and government leaders of Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia met in Shenyang , capital of Liaoning for the first Northeast Summit in April 2010, and signed a framework agreement of 25 articles for cooperation and integrated regional development. The core of the program is to revitalize the region's traditional industry, while speeding up development in aspects of structural regulation, regional cooperation, economic reform,

112-613: A special Leading Group to define and adopt related strategies, which held its first meeting in August 2009 and the second in August 2010. The Chairman of the Leading Group is Premier Wen Jiabao . Following the first meeting of the Leading Group, the revitalization strategy was affirmed and extended in a document of September 9, 2009. The State Council asked the Northeastern provinces to better coordinate their economic development strategies. As

140-603: Is a list of the premiers of China from 1911–1912, during the Qing dynasty , 1912 onwards of the Republic of China , and 1949 onwards of the People's Republic of China . The first recorded instance of a monarch of China appointing a chief minister was around 1130 BC, by King Tang of the Shang dynasty . Since then, almost every monarch in China appointed a chief minister to help him or her to run

168-652: The Boxer Protocol , the Qing court turned to Sheng Xuanhuai in 1910, a "classic bureaucratic capitalist", and adhered to his policy of securing foreign loans through the nationalization of all railway lines. This policy was met with stiff resistance, particularly in Sichuan, and the resistance quickly turned into a movement known as the Sichuan Railway Protection Movement . In response, the Qing court suppressed

196-701: The Republic of China (ROC), which commemorates the anniversary of the uprising's outbreak on 10 October as the National Day of the Republic of China . The uprising originated from popular unrest about a railway crisis , and the planning process took advantage of the situation. On 10 October 1911, the New Army stationed in Wuchang launched an assault on the residence of the Viceroy of Huguang . The viceroy Ruicheng quickly fled from

224-674: The Wuchang Uprising forced the Qing government to abolish the cabinet, and instead summon Yuan Shikai to head the government. The imperial government collapsed soon afterward. Zhang Xun briefly held the post during his brief attempt to restore the Qing dynasty in July 1917.    Non-Partisan     Beiyang clique , etc.    Non-Partisan     Beiyang clique , etc.     Progressive     Kuomintang (Nationalist)     Democratic Progressive The premiership of PRC

252-619: The Wuxu Coup by Empress Dowager Cixi . Disillusioned with the monarchy and the Qing government , many revolutionary groups began emerging across the country. In 1905, revolutionary leaders such as Sun Yat-sen and Song Jiaoren met in Tokyo to discuss a merger between different revolutionary groups. A new group known as Tongmenghui was formed after this meeting. After the Boxer Rebellion , many Western powers saw railway investments as part of

280-561: The Chinese province of Hubei on 10 October 1911, beginning the Xinhai Revolution that successfully overthrew China's last imperial dynasty. It was led by elements of the New Army , influenced by revolutionary ideas from Tongmenghui . The uprising and the eventual revolution directly led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty with almost three centuries of imperial rule, and the establishment of

308-530: The Qing authorities. With their identities revealed, the revolutionaries in the New Army stationed in Wuchang were facing imminent arrest by the Qing authorities. The decision was made by Jiang Yiwu of the Literary Society to immediately launch the uprising, but the plot was leaked to the Viceroy of Huguang, and he ordered a crackdown of the revolutionaries, arresting and executing several prominent members. On

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336-412: The Qing government by the end of December, 1911. As part of the resolution of the uprising, the Qing government agreed to a general amnesty for political prisoners. Wang Jingwei was among those released. In the same month, Sun returned to China to participate in the provisional presidential election and was elected. Representatives from the seceding provinces met on 1 January 1912, and declared

364-632: The Wuhan area, the Literary Society ( 文學社 ) and the Progressive Association ( 共進會 ). These groups, led by Jiang Yiwu ( 蔣翊武 ) and Sun Wu ( 孫武 ) respectively, worked closely together as commander and chief of staff of the revolutionary efforts in Wuhan. Beginning in September, 1911, these two groups began negotiating with the Tongmenghui ( 同盟會 ) for possible collaboration in the next uprising. The date

392-714: The administration. This role has been known by several different names, most commonly Chancellor . With the unification of China under the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC, the power in the premiers' hands was reduced because of the Emperors' intentions of setting up an absolute monarchy. In 1380, the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty ordered the death of his Chancellor, and did not appoint another in his lifetime. From then until 1911,

420-544: The command. Positions of revolutionary forces in Wuhan were subsequently attacked by the Beiyang Army, and the imperial troops were soon able to recapture Hankou on 1 November and Hanyang on 27 November. The offensive was halted after the capture of these two positions, as Yuan Shikai began to secretly negotiate with the revolutionaries. The Wuchang Uprising took many revolutionary leaders by surprise; Huang Xing and Song Jiaoren were unable to reach Wuchang in time. Sun Yat-sen

448-517: The consecutively numbered term of the premier, while the second column shows his or her chronological position amongst individual premiers. For the modern-day positions referred to as Premiers of China, see: The Qing Imperial Government created the " Imperial Family Cabinet " in May 1911, in order to appease popular anger and calls for reform. But the formation of the Cabinet brought even more disaffection. Soon,

476-479: The consolidation in their spheres of influence over China. Railway constructions took place across Shandong , Yangtze Valley , Kunming and Manchuria . Provincial governments, with permission from the Qing court, also began to construct their own railways. The Canton-Hankou Railway and Sichuan-Hankou Railway were under the oversight of Guangdong , Hunan , Hubei and Sichuan . Faced with ongoing financial struggles, partly due to ongoing indemnity payments from

504-457: The construction of an environment-friendly economy, and increased efforts in education, healthcare, and cultural projects. In 2016, it was announced that 1.6 trillion RMB would be used to continue to revitalize the economy. Cooperation with Russia, the two Koreas (North and South Korea) and Mongolia, as well as securing natural gas supplies will become important factors in this revitalisation program. List of premiers of China This

532-486: The diversion of troops to Sichuan from central China , which later became an important factor in the Wuchang Uprising's success. Meanwhile, inaction toward nationalization of railway lines in both Hunan and Hubei were criticized by the local press. Confidence in the Qing government among the populace continued to deteriorate in response to the escalation of the railway crisis. There were two revolutionary groups in

560-550: The evening of 10 October, Wu Zhaolin ( 吴兆麟 ) as provisional commander led the revolutionary elements of the New Army staged a mutiny against the Qing garrison in Huguang, capturing the residence of the Viceroy in the process along with securing strategic points in the city after intense fighting. As the Viceroy escaped, the Qing garrison fell into disarray. Between the night of 10 October and noon of 11th, "more than 500 Manchu soldiers were killed" with "over 300 captured". On 11 October,

588-517: The modern position of Premier was created, when the Qing Imperial Government created the "Princes' Cabinet" as a reform of Chinese politics, shortly before it was overthrown. When Yuan Shikai took over the premiership, the premiers of China played an influential role in Chinese politics. The list below shows the premiers of China during the Qing dynasty. Multiple terms in office, consecutive or otherwise, are listed. The first column shows

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616-460: The mutineers established a military government representing the Hubei province, and persuaded one of the high-ranking officers in the New Army, Li Yuanhong , to be the temporary leader. Li was initially resistant to the idea, but he was eventually convinced by the mutineers after they approached him. The newly established military government were able to confirm that foreign powers would not intervene in

644-534: The residence, and the revolutionaries soon took control of the entire city. In 1895, China was decisively defeated by Japan in the First Sino-Japanese War . Intellectuals in China were divided into several factions. Constitutional monarchist reformers led by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao took control initially, and orchestrated the Hundred Days' Reform in the Qing government. The reforms failed due to

672-529: The unrest by force, contributing to the declining popularity of its government. By August 11 there were massive strikes and rallies in Chengdu . On 7 September the Viceroy of Sichuan , Zhao Erfeng , was asked to "intervene vigorously", and he ordered the arrest of key leaders in the Railway Protection League, then ordered troops to open fire on the protesters. Subsequent fighting around Chengdu prompted

700-539: The uprising, and they went on to raise the "iron blood 18-star flag" while signaling for the other provinces to follow their suit. On 12 October, the revolutionaries marched toward the rest of the province, capturing Hankou and Hanyang in the process. In response to the uprising, the Qing government called for the help of Yuan Shikai and the Beiyang Army to march toward Wuchang. For the revolutionaries, Huang Xing would arrive at Wuhan in early November to take over

728-461: Was created since the establishment of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949.    First Administration    Second Administration    Third Administration     Hu–Wen Administration     Xi–Li Administration Wuchang Uprising The Wuchang Uprising was an armed rebellion against the ruling Qing dynasty that took place in Wuchang (now Wuchang District of Wuhan ) in

756-550: Was originally set for 6 October, on the Mid-Autumn festival . The date was later postponed, due to inadequate preparations. On 9 October, while Sun Wu was supervising the making of explosive devices in the Russian concession in Hankou , one of the devices exploded unexpectedly, inflicting serious injuries on Sun. When he was hospitalized, the hospital staff discovered his identity and alerted

784-606: Was traveling in the United States speaking to overseas Chinese to appeal for financial support when the uprising took place. Although Sun received a telegram from Huang Xing, he was unable to decipher it, and found out about the uprising the next morning in the newspaper. After the successful uprising in Wuchang, the revolutionaries sent telegraphs to other provinces and asked them to follow in their suit, upon which eighteen provinces in Southern and Central China agreed to secede from

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