The Reese River is a 181-mile-long (291 km) tributary of the Humboldt River , located in central Nevada in the western United States.
26-631: The Reese rises in the southern section of the Toiyabe Range , on the flanks of Arc Dome . In its upper reaches, the Reese River is a fast-flowing mountain stream surrounded by relatively lush growth, including Aspen groves and cottonwood trees. It then flows north between the Toiyabe Range and the Shoshone Mountains for approximately half its length. The river then passes through a low point in
52-638: A pyramidal peak is created. In some cases, this peak will be made accessible by one or more arêtes. The Matterhorn in the European Alps is an example of such a peak. Where cirques form one behind the other, a cirque stairway results, as at the Zastler Loch in the Black Forest . As glaciers can only originate above the snowline, studying the location of present-day cirques provides information on past glaciation patterns and on climate change. Although
78-577: A larger leeward deposition zone, furthering the process of glaciation. Debris (or till) in the ice also may abrade the bed surface; should ice move down a slope it would have a 'sandpaper effect' on the bedrock beneath, on which it scrapes. Eventually, the hollow may become a large bowl shape in the side of the mountain, with the headwall being weathered by ice segregation, and as well as being eroded by plucking . The basin will become deeper as it continues to be eroded by ice segregation and abrasion. Should ice segregation, plucking and abrasion continue,
104-487: A less common usage, the term cirque is also used for amphitheatre-shaped, fluvial-erosion features. For example, an approximately 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi) anticlinal erosion cirque is at 30°35′N 34°45′E / 30.583°N 34.750°E / 30.583; 34.750 ( Negev anticlinal erosion cirque ) on the southern boundary of the Negev highlands . This erosional cirque or makhtesh
130-412: A mountainside near the firn line , they are typically partially surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs . The highest cliff is often called a headwall . The fourth side forms the lip , threshold or sill , the side at which the glacier flowed away from the cirque. Many glacial cirques contain tarns dammed by either till (debris) or a bedrock threshold. When enough snow accumulates, it can flow out
156-510: A result of the Reese River excitement: inhabitants of Union District signed a petition in which they said the district was far from Aurora and Austin, the county seats of respectively Esmeralda and Lander County. Nye County was created by the Nevada Legislature on February 16, 1864. 40°47′58″N 117°03′40″W / 40.79944°N 117.06111°W / 40.79944; -117.06111 Toiyabe Range The Toiyabe Range
182-815: Is a mountain range in Lander and Nye counties, Nevada , United States. Most of the range is included within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest . The highest point in the range, near its southern end, is Arc Dome (11,788 feet, 3592 m), an area protected as the Arc Dome Wilderness . The highest point in Lander County, Bunker Hill , is also located within the Toiyabe Range. The range starts in northwestern Nye County north of Tonopah, Nevada and runs approximately 120 miles (190 km) north-northeast into southern Lander County, making it
208-440: Is formed by intermittent river flow cutting through layers of limestone and chalk leaving sheer cliffs. A common feature for all fluvial -erosion cirques is a terrain which includes erosion resistant upper structures overlying materials which are more easily eroded. Glacial cirques are found amongst mountain ranges throughout the world; 'classic' cirques are typically about one kilometer long and one kilometer wide. Situated high on
234-479: Is most often overdeepened below the level of the cirque's low-side outlet (stage) and its down-slope (backstage) valley. If the cirque is subject to seasonal melting, the floor of the cirque most often forms a tarn (small lake) behind a dam, which marks the downstream limit of the glacial overdeepening. The dam itself can be composed of moraine , glacial till , or a lip of the underlying bedrock . The fluvial cirque or makhtesh , found in karst landscapes,
260-416: Is open on the downhill side, while the cupped section is generally steep. Cliff-like slopes, down which ice and glaciated debris combine and converge, form the three or more higher sides. The floor of the cirque ends up bowl-shaped, as it is the complex convergence zone of combining ice flows from multiple directions and their accompanying rock burdens. Hence, it experiences somewhat greater erosion forces and
286-536: Is the longest continuous maintained trail in Nevada. Its northern terminus, with an elevation of approximately 7,500 feet (2,300 m), is the trailhead on Kingston Creek Road and its southern terminus, with an elevation of approximately 6,100 feet (1,900 m) is the trailhead on Twin River Road ( Forest route 080); both of which are roads off SR 376 . Cirque A cirque ( French: [siʁk] ; from
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#1732851238673312-782: The "Loneliest Highway in America", runs through Austin and then crosses the range at Austin Summit at an elevation of 7,484 feet (2,281 m). U.S. Route 6 passes to the south of the range between Tonopah and Ely . The Toiyabe Range is in the Austin Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest The National Recreation Toiyabe Crest Trail runs through the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest in
338-452: The Latin word circus ) is an amphitheatre -like valley formed by glacial erosion . Alternative names for this landform are corrie (from Scottish Gaelic : coire , meaning a pot or cauldron ) and cwm ( Welsh for 'valley'; pronounced [kʊm] ). A cirque may also be a similarly shaped landform arising from fluvial erosion. The concave shape of a glacial cirque
364-677: The Reese contribute water to the Humboldt, entering near Battle Mountain . Nevada State Route 305 parallels the lower, usually dry portion of the channel from the Austin area to Battle Mountain. The river is named after John Reese, who explored the area in 1854 as part of the expedition of Colonel Edward Steptoe , and who later served as a guide to Captain James H. Simpson 's survey of a military road through central Nevada . The mining boomtown of Austin , located in
390-567: The Shoshone Mountains and continues north between that range and the Fish Creek Mountains . Once it exits the Toiyabe Range, it becomes a slow, muddy stream, and its waters are used for irrigation by scattered farms and ranches along its lower reaches. Although considered a tributary of the Humboldt, in most years, the Reese dwindles into a chain of shallow pools long before it reaches the main stem . Only during infrequent floods does
416-508: The Toiyabe Range in Esmeralda County, namely Marysville, Twin River, and Washington. Also, several villages and ranches were established in the county. After the Toiyabe Range, the Shoshone Mountains were found, and in 1863 silver was found on the western side of the mountain range. At that place, Union District was organized, and the village Ione was founded. Nye County was established as
442-415: The Toiyabe Range, consisting of over 70 miles (110 km) of trail atop the ridge, 30 miles (48 km) of which travel through the Arc Dome Wilderness . The Army Corps of Engineers constructed the trail and its many "feeder" trails in the 1930s. It travels through one of the longest roadless areas in the state, and sits atop the longest mountain range in Nevada at over 120 miles (190 km) long. It
468-667: The Toiyabes, including one along the crest. The Toiyabe Range is separated from the Shoshone Mountains to the west by the Reese River Valley , although they intermingle at their southern extremes. On the east the Toiyabe Range is separated from the Toquima Range by the Big Smoky Valley . The historic mining community of Austin is located on the western slope of the Toiyabe Range, about midway along its length. U.S. Route 50 ,
494-451: The bergschrund changes very little, however, studies have shown that ice segregation (frost shattering) may happen with only small changes in temperature. Water that flows into the bergschrund can be cooled to freezing temperatures by the surrounding ice, allowing freeze-thaw free mechanisms to occur. If two adjacent cirques erode toward one another, an arête , or steep sided ridge, forms. When three or more cirques erode toward one another,
520-406: The dimensions of the cirque will increase, but the proportion of the landform would remain roughly the same. A bergschrund forms when the movement of the glacier separates the moving ice from the stationary ice, forming a crevasse. The method of erosion of the headwall lying between the surface of the glacier and the cirque's floor has been attributed to freeze-thaw mechanisms. The temperature within
546-524: The opening of the bowl and form valley glaciers which may be several kilometers long. Cirques form in conditions which are favorable; in the Northern Hemisphere the conditions include the north-east slope, where they are protected from the majority of the Sun's energy and from the prevailing winds. These areas are sheltered from heat, encouraging the accumulation of snow; if the accumulation of snow increases,
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#1732851238673572-478: The second longest range in the state. Although the Toiyabe Range is in the rain shadow of the higher Sierra Nevada (U.S.) range to the west and is too arid to support forests except for scattered pines, the climate was cold and snowy enough during the Pleistocene to develop alpine glaciers in several places, with cirques , moraines , and other glacial features still apparent. There are numerous hiking routes in
598-472: The snow turns into glacial ice. The process of nivation follows, whereby a hollow in a slope may be enlarged by ice segregation weathering and glacial erosion. Ice segregation erodes the vertical rock face and causes it to disintegrate, which may result in an avalanche bringing down more snow and rock to add to the growing glacier. Eventually, this hollow may become large enough that glacial erosion intensifies. The enlarging of this open ended concavity creates
624-469: The tallest volcanic structure in the Indian Ocean . The island consists of an active shield-volcano ( Piton de la Fournaise ) and an extinct, deeply eroded volcano ( Piton des Neiges ). Three cirques have eroded there in a sequence of agglomerated, fragmented rock and volcanic breccia associated with pillow lavas overlain by more coherent, solid lavas. A common feature for all fluvial-erosion cirques
650-476: The upper reaches of the Reese River, names its long-lived newspaper the Reese River Reveille . The Reese River excitement took place in 1862 and 1863 in the river valley. During this period, the area was explored and settled. After Austin was founded, prospectors went south to explore the Toiyabe Range and crossed the border of Lander County and Esmeralda County. Three mining districts were organized in
676-587: Was formed by intermittent river flow in the Makhtesh Ramon cutting through layers of limestone and chalk, resulting in cirque walls with a sheer 200 metres (660 ft) drop. The Cirque du Bout du Monde is another such feature, created in karst terraine in the Burgundy region of the department of Côte-d'Or in France . Yet another type of fluvial erosion-formed cirque is found on Réunion island , which includes
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