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44-516: [REDACTED] Look up lander in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Lander may refer to: Media and entertainment [ edit ] Lander (video game) , a computer game published by Psygnosis in 1999 Lander (game demo) , the 3D game demo provided with the Acorn Archimedes computer Lander (Transformers) , a fictional character in

88-919: A centre stick or side-stick . It has various switches to control functions of the aircraft controlled by the Pilot and First Officer of the flight. Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have push-buttons whose state can be read by the computer. A popular variation of the joystick used on modern video game consoles is the analog stick . Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks, underwater unmanned vehicles, wheelchairs, surveillance cameras, and zero turning radius lawn mowers . Miniature finger-operated joysticks have been adopted as input devices for smaller electronic equipment such as mobile phones . Joysticks originated as controls for aircraft ailerons and elevators , and are first known to have been used as such on Louis Bleriot 's Bleriot VIII aircraft of 1908, in combination with

132-418: A 3D programmable controller, which was integrated into computer games to experience flight simulations. This line adapted several aspects of NASA's RHC (Rotational Hand Controller), which is used for landing and navigation methods. In 1997 the first gaming joystick with force feedback ( haptics ) was manufactured by CH Products under license from technology creator, Immersion Corporation . The product, called

176-423: A console joypad, so licensed home arcade sticks for these games have been manufactured for home consoles and PCs. A hat switch is a control on some joysticks. It is also known as a POV (point of view) switch in electronic games, where it allows one to look around in one's virtual world, browse menus, etc. For example, many flight simulators use it to switch the player's views, while other games sometimes use it as

220-454: A control method. In 1996, a scientific study established that both chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys could be taught to move a pointer on a screen by using a joystick. Both have consistently managed to demonstrate "conceptual knowledge" of the task required of them during trials, although rhesus monkeys were notably slower to do so. In 2021, another pair of researchers investigated the level of intelligence in domestic pigs by designing

264-417: A degree of flexibility, allowing other input devices such as an analogue joystick and even allows for the use of an analogue throttle to control the ship's thrust, allowing for a much finer control of the craft to the point of being able to hover on the spot and fly in straight lines in directions other than up and down. Due to this unique control system and unlike the earlier games it was inspired by, Lander

308-535: A foot-operated rudder bar for the yaw control surface on the tail. The name joystick is thought to originate with early 20th century French pilot Robert Esnault-Pelterie . There are also competing claims on behalf of fellow pilots Robert Loraine , James Henry Joyce , and A. E. George . Loraine is cited by the Oxford English Dictionary for using the term "joystick" in his diary in 1909 when he went to Pau to learn to fly at Blériot's school. George

352-466: A gaming joystick but which is used to control flight, replacing the traditional yoke . The sidestick saves weight, improves movement and visibility in the cockpit, and may be safer in an accident than the yoke. Ralph H. Baer , inventor of the Magnavox Odyssey console, released in 1972, created the first video game joysticks in 1967. They were able to control the horizontal and vertical position of

396-427: A joystick which could be controlled with their snout. Unlike the chimpanzees or the rhesus monkeys, none of the four pigs was able to fully meet the 1996's test criteria for " motoric or conceptual acquisition" of the task, but they still performed "significantly above chance". Notably, the pigs experienced additional difficulties in comparison to the primates, as they were all far-sighted and so may have struggled with

440-416: A lot of copies of Descent. It was around that time [when] the more modern FPS with mouse and keyboard came out, as opposed to just keyboard like Wolfenstein [3D] or something.". Since the late 1990s, analog sticks (or thumbsticks , due to their being controlled by one's thumbs) have become standard on controllers for video game consoles, popularized by Nintendo 's Nintendo 64 controller , and have

484-428: A producer at Volition Inc., he stated that FreeSpace 2 ' s poor sales could have been due to joysticks' being sold poorly because they were "going out of fashion" because more modern first-person shooters, such as Quake , were "very much about the mouse and [the] keyboard". He went further on to state "Before that, when we did Descent for example, it was perfectly common for people to have joysticks – we sold

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528-417: A spot displayed on a screen. The earliest known electronic game joystick with a fire button was released by Sega as part of their 1969 arcade game Missile , a shooter simulation game that used it as part of an early dual-control scheme, where two directional buttons are used to move a motorized tank and a two-way joystick is used to shoot and steer the missile onto oncoming planes displayed on

572-506: A substitute for the D-pad . Computer gamepads with both an analogue stick and a D-pad usually assign POV switch scancodes to the latter. The term hat switch is a shortening of the term "coolie hat switch," named for the similar looking headgear . In a real aircraft, the hat switch may control things like aileron or elevator trim. Apart from buttons, wheels and dials as well as touchscreens also miniature joysticks have been established for

616-423: A true analog flight stick, used for movement. The joystick could register movement in any direction as well as measure the degree of push, which could move the player character at different speeds depending on how far the joystick was pushed in a certain direction. A variation of the joystick is the rotary joystick. It is a type of joystick-knob hybrid, where the joystick can be moved in various direction while at

660-486: Is a positional gun , which works differently from a light gun . Instead of using light sensors, a positional gun is essentially an analog joystick mounted in a fixed location that records the position of the gun to determine where the player is aiming on the screen. It is often used for arcade gun games , with early examples including Sega 's Sea Devil in 1972; Taito 's Attack in 1976; Cross Fire in 1977; and Nintendo 's Battle Shark in 1978. During

704-639: Is a digital controller with a single fire button. The Atari joystick port was for many years the de facto standard digital joystick specification. Joysticks were commonly used as controllers in first and second generation game consoles , but they gave way to the familiar game pad with the Nintendo Entertainment System and Master System during the mid-1980s, though joysticks—especially arcade-style ones—were and are popular after-market add-ons for any console. In 1985, Sega's third-person arcade rail shooter game Space Harrier featured

748-403: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lander (video game) The player takes on the role of a mercenary lander pilot, looking to make his fortune while travelling on the interplanetary cruise ship Drake's Exception while it makes a historical voyage of visiting each planet of the solar system in turn due to the rare event of all

792-570: Is particularly applicable in maneuvering aircraft without a pilot." The Germans developed an electrical two-axis joystick around 1944. The device was used as part of the Germans' Funkgerät FuG 203 Kehl radio control transmitter system used in certain German bomber aircraft, used to guide both the rocket-boosted anti-ship missile Henschel Hs 293 , and the unpowered pioneering precision-guided munition Fritz-X , against maritime and other targets. Here,

836-531: Is the earliest known usage of the term, although he most certainly did not invent the device. The electrical two-axis joystick was invented by C. B. Mirick at the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and patented in 1926 (U.S. Patent no. 1,597,416)". NRL was actively developing remote controlled aircraft at the time and the joystick was possibly used to support this effort. In the awarded patent, Mirick writes: "My control system

880-628: Is the use of strain gauges to build force transducers from which the output is proportional to the force applied rather than physical deflection. Miniature force transducers are used as additional controls on joysticks for menu selection functions. Some larger manufacturers of joysticks are able to customize joystick handles and grips specific to the OEM needs while small regional manufacturers often concentrate on selling standard products at higher prices to smaller OEMs. Specialist joysticks, classed as an assistive technology pointing device , are used to replace

924-503: The Permobil (1963). During this time period NASA used joysticks as control devices as part of the Apollo missions. For example, the lunar lander test models were controlled with a joystick. In many modern airliners , for example all Airbus aircraft developed from the 1980s, the joystick has received a new lease on life for flight control in the form of the " side-stick ," a controller similar to

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968-797: The Transformers series Lunar Lander (arcade game) , an arcade game Lunar Lander (video game series) , one of several video games Places [ edit ] United States Lander College for Men , a Jewish college in New York Lander County, Nevada , United States Lander, Maryland , United States Lander, Pennsylvania , United States Lander University , a public university in South Carolina Lander, Wyoming , United States Venezuela Lander Municipality Science [ edit ] Benthic lander , oceanographic measuring platform which sits on

1012-548: The computer mouse for people with fairly severe physical disabilities. Rather than controlling games, these joysticks control the pointer . They are often useful to people with athetoid conditions, such as cerebral palsy , who find them easier to grasp than a standard mouse. Miniature joysticks are available for people with conditions involving muscular weakness such as muscular dystrophy or motor neurone disease as well. They are also used on electric powered wheelchairs for control since they are simple and effective to use as

1056-536: The "Six degrees of freedom" 3D shooter Descent . VirPil Controls' MongoosT-50 joystick was designed to mimic the style of Russian aircraft (including the Sukhoi Su-35 and Sukhoi Su-57 ), unlike most flight joysticks. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, these types of games have waned in popularity and are now considered a "dead" genre, and with that, gaming joysticks have been reduced to niche products. In NowGamer 's interview with Jim Boone,

1100-507: The 1990s, joysticks such as the CH Products Flightstick, Gravis Phoenix , Microsoft SideWinder , Logitech WingMan, and Thrustmaster FCS were in demand with PC gamers. They were considered a prerequisite for flight simulators such as F-16 Fighting Falcon and LHX Attack Chopper . Joysticks became especially popular with the mainstream success of space flight simulator games like X-Wing and Wing Commander , as well as

1144-543: The Force FX joystick was followed by force feedback joysticks from Logitech , Thrustmaster , and others, also under license from Immersion. An arcade stick is a large-format controller for use with home consoles or computers. They use the stick-and-button configuration of some arcade cabinets , such as those with particular multi-button arrangements. For example, the six button layout of the arcade games Street Fighter II or Mortal Kombat cannot be comfortably emulated on

1188-428: The ability to indicate the stick's displacement from its neutral position. This means that the software does not have to keep track of the position or estimate the speed at which the controls are moved. These devices usually use potentiometers to determine the position of the stick, though some newer models instead use a Hall effect sensor for greater reliability and reduced size. In 1997, ThrustMaster, Inc. introduced

1232-470: The cargo at will and re-fuel. There is at least one occasion where is not true however, as during the 'Macbeth colony' mission there is a fuel pod in the latter stage of the level where the cargo can be placed beside it, allowing the Player to re-fuel and more importantly, bring the cargo with them from the beginning of the mission rather than leaving it and then backtracking later on. On successful completion of

1276-584: The efficient manual operation of cameras . In recent times, the employment of joysticks has become commonplace in many industrial and manufacturing applications, such as cranes, assembly lines, forestry equipment, mining trucks, and excavators. In fact, the use of such joysticks is in such high demand, that it has virtually replaced the traditional mechanical control lever in nearly all modern hydraulic control systems. Additionally, most unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and submersible remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) require at least one joystick to control either

1320-418: The game (not including the two training missions) but only about 22 are played in a single run. Although Lander had an arcade feel, controlling the ship in three axes proved quite difficult to master, often taking days for some to become confident and competent. The default control system relied upon mouse movement to control tilt and roll, whilst the keyboard controlled the yaw. Lander's input system does have

1364-531: The joystick of the Kehl transmitter was used by an operator to steer the missile towards its target. This joystick had on-off switches rather than analogue sensors. Both the Hs 293 and Fritz-X used FuG 230 Straßburg radio receivers in them to send the Kehl's control signals to the ordnance's control surfaces. A comparable joystick unit was used for the contemporary American Azon steerable munition, strictly to laterally steer

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1408-484: The missile. In the 1960s the use of joysticks became widespread in radio-controlled model aircraft systems such as the Kwik Fly produced by Phill Kraft (1964). The now-defunct Kraft Systems firm eventually became an important OEM supplier of joysticks to the computer industry and other users. The first use of joysticks outside the radio-controlled aircraft industry may have been in the control of powered wheelchairs, such as

1452-414: The mission the player is paid and the money can be used to purchase new Landers, parts, ammo and the bare necessities such as fuel and shield recharges. If the player performs well or performs a special action in certain missions then alternate missions are made available. It is not uncommon for players to complete the game multiple times and end up finding new missions. There are a total of 29 missions it

1496-650: The munition in the yaw axis only. This German invention was picked up by someone in the team of scientists assembled at the Heeresversuchsanstalt in Peenemünde . Here a part of the team on the German rocket program was developing the Wasserfall missile , a variant of the V-2 rocket , the first ground-to-air missile . The Wasserfall steering equipment converted the electrical signal to radio signals and transmitted these to

1540-418: The other for changing the shooting direction. In North America, it was released by Midway under the title Gun Fight . In 1976, Taito released Interceptor , an early first-person combat flight simulator that involved piloting a jet fighter , using an eight-way joystick to aim with a crosshair and shoot at enemy aircraft. The Atari CX40 joystick , developed for the 1977 Atari Video Computer System ,

1584-470: The planets aligning. As the Drakes Exception stops at each planet, the player is able to take on missions tendered by various people and organisations. These missions are delivered to the player via a series of emails. The majority of missions on offer require the player to find the entrance of an underground complex, gain entry and locate a particular object which then must be brought to the surface by

1628-448: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Lander . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lander&oldid=1248199864 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1672-493: The same time being able to rotate the joystick. It is mainly used in arcade shoot 'em up games, to control both the player's eight-directional movement and the gun's 360-degree direction. It was introduced by SNK , initially with the tank shooter TNK III (1985) before it was popularized by the run and gun video game Ikari Warriors (1986). SNK later used rotary joystick controls in arcade games such as Guerrilla War (1987). A distinct variation of an analog joystick

1716-484: The screen; when a plane is hit, an explosion is animated on screen along with an explosion sound. In 1970, the game was released in North America as S.A.M.I. by Midway Games . Taito released a four-way joystick as part of their arcade racing video game Astro Race in 1973, while their 1975 multidirectional shooter Western Gun introduced dual-stick controls with one eight-way joystick for movement and

1760-425: The seabed or benthic zone Lander (crater) , lunar crater Lander (spacecraft) , type of spacecraft, designed for descending the surface of an astronomical body Other uses [ edit ] Lander (surname) Lander (foreigner) , a foreigner See also [ edit ] Länder Landers (disambiguation) Flatlander (disambiguation) Outlander (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

1804-409: The use of the ship's tractor beam. When an object is being towed, its weight and momentum directly affects the handling of the Player's ship. Coupled with the various obstacles present in most missions, such as moving machinery, defensive turrets and armed ground vehicles, making your way to safety becomes a lot more difficult especially when you factor in limited fuel and the Player's inability to drop

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1848-536: The vehicle, the on-board cameras, sensors and/or manipulators. Due to the highly hands-on, rough nature of such applications, the industrial joystick tends to be more robust than the typical video-game controller, and able to function over a high cycle life. This led to the development and employment of Hall effect sensing to such applications in the 1980s as a means of contactless sensing. Several companies produce joysticks for industrial applications using Hall effect technology. Another technology used in joystick design

1892-563: Was a pioneer aviator who with his colleague Jobling built and flew a biplane at Newcastle in England in 1910. The George and Jobling aircraft control column is in the collection of the Discovery Museum in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Joysticks were present in early planes, though their mechanical origins are uncertain. The coining of the term "joystick" may actually be credited to Loraine, as his

1936-405: Was never particularly popular outside of a small loyal fan base. Joystick A joystick , sometimes called a flight stick , is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Also known as the control column , it is the principal control device in the cockpit of many civilian and military aircraft, either as

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