The Red Apple Rest was a cafeteria-style restaurant on New York State Route 17 , in the Southfields section of Tuxedo , New York . It was a noted way station for people traveling to the hotels of the Catskill Mountains of upstate New York.
117-584: Before the New York State Thruway was built, the travel time from New York City to the Catskill Mountains was often four or five hours, especially during weekends. The Red Apple Rest, located almost halfway, became a major roadside stopping place. The restaurant was opened in May 1931 by Reuben Freed. Demolition of the site began on October 31, 2023. The Red Apple Rest had a great deal of business during
234-604: A balanced community of commercial, residential, retail, and park space within its designated 92-acre site on the southern tip of Manhattan. The Long Island Power Authority or LIPA ["lie-pah"], a municipal subdivision of the State of New York, was created under the Long Island Power Act of 1985 to acquire the Long Island Lighting Company (LILCO)'s assets and securities. A second Long Island Power Authority (LIPA),
351-460: A combination of closed ( ticket-based ), and open ( barrier-based ) tolling. From 2016 to 2018, all flat-rate barriers on the Thruway system transitioned to open road tolling , which replaced cash payment with an all-electronic tolling system using E-ZPass and toll by mail . On November 13, 2020, both ticket systems on the Thruway were converted to open road tolling. The Garden State Parkway Connector,
468-648: A favorable lease on a building in Amsterdam, New York . This company closed down, but the Overcoat Development Corporation continues to exist to service the long-term lease it signed. The Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation 's responsibility is to develop Roosevelt Island , a small strip of land in the East River that is part of the borough of Manhattan . Some of the public benefit corporations outside of New York City's metropolitan area, or serving
585-599: A gap in the I-90 designation around Albany until the completion of the 20-mile-long (32 km) Albany-Schodack Freeway in the early 1970s, which is not part of the Thruway system. The entirety of the New England Thruway became part of I-95 upon completion while the Niagara Thruway became I-90N in 1957 when it was built through downtown Buffalo, and later I-190 in 1959 upon completion. The Elmsford– Suffern section of
702-601: A large amusement park located in the town of Darien . I-90 and the Thruway continue into Erie County and the Buffalo area. It meets NY 78 at exit 49 near Depew before passing through the Williamsville toll gantry, the northwestern end of the major closed toll system. Just west of the toll gantry, I-90 and the Thruway—now toll-free—connect to I-290 via exit 50, a semi-directional T interchange. At this point,
819-620: A large semi-directional T interchange (exit 15) near the New Jersey border. At this point, I-287 heads south into New Jersey while I-87 and the Thruway turn northward into the valley of the Ramapo River . NY 17 northbound briefly joins the Thruway at the interchange with I-287 in Suffern, and leaves the Thruway a half-mile north at exit 15A in Hillburn. The Thruway continues north through
936-539: A limited amount of mileage information on their third row. The mainline of the Thruway begins (in terms of exit numbers and mileposts) as a continuation of the Major Deegan Expressway , carrying I-87 northward into Westchester County from New York City at the border between Yonkers and the Bronx . The first few exits serve various local streets and destinations in the city. At exit 4, I-87 connects to
1053-503: A more complete list, see a list of New York State public-benefit corporations Below are some of the authorities operating in and around the New York City metropolitan area . Fully titled the Hugh L. Carey Battery Park City Authority , according to its official website, the authority is: a New York State public benefit corporation whose mission is to plan, create, co-ordinate and maintain
1170-601: A partial diamond interchange . All southbound trucks are forced to exit here, as the Garden State Parkway prohibits trucks north of exit 105. Thus, the final 0.31 miles (0.50 km) of the road south of the Red Schoolhouse Road exit is the only part of the Thruway system that prohibits trucks. The connector continues to the state line, where it becomes the tolled Garden State Parkway. The New York State Thruway system also consists of three other components:
1287-541: A redesign and redevelopment program in the middle of 2021. This project is expected to be completed in two phases with one completed in 2023 and the other in 2025. The operators of the rest stops are Empire State Thruway Partners. They plan to include several restaurant options. Panera Bread All components of the New York State Thruway system except for the Garden State Parkway Connector and
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#17328527092871404-523: A section of the building collapsing that year. As a result, one-thirds of the building came down. 41°14′26.5″N 74°10′34.5″W / 41.240694°N 74.176250°W / 41.240694; -74.176250 New York State Thruway The New York State Thruway (officially the Governor Thomas E. Dewey Thruway and colloquially " the Thruway ") is a system of controlled-access toll roads spanning 569.83 miles (917.05 km) within
1521-624: A spur route leading to downtown Buffalo and Niagara Falls , at exit 53. South of the city, the Thruway meets the Aurora Expressway ( NY 400 ) and the Southern Expressway ( US 219 ) at exits 54 and 55, respectively, in West Seneca . Just southwest of exit 55, I-90 and the Thruway pass through the Lackawanna toll gantry, which serves as the northeast end of
1638-648: A staff of 76 people. Its staffing compensation exceeded its operating expenses in 2017 by almost $ 1.5 million in the 2018 New York State Authorities Budget Office report. The New York State Thruway Authority maintains the New York State Thruway , a system of limited-access highways within New York State. The New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation (EFC) provides low-cost capital, grants, and expert technical assistance for environmental projects in New York State. The EFC has issued more than $ 13 billion in both tax-exempt and taxable revenue bonds. In 2017,
1755-529: A wholly-owned subsidiary of the first, acquired LILCO's transmission and distribution system in June 1998. The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) was formed after the September 11 attacks to plan the reconstruction of Lower Manhattan. It was founded by Governor George Pataki and then-Mayor Rudolph Giuliani. The LMDC is a joint State-City corporation governed by a 16-member Board of Directors, half appointed by
1872-480: A year. I-87 leaves the Thruway mainline here, and the Thruway briefly becomes the unsigned reference route NY 915H, before I-90 merges into it, following the Thruway northwestward toward Schenectady . South of Schenectady, but still in Albany County , the Thruway and I-90 meet I-890 , a loop route of I-90 that directly serves the downtown district of Schenectady, at exit 25. The Thruway, meanwhile, bypasses
1989-541: Is George Carlin, who stayed in room 102 during his Saturday Night Live opening week. He required silence during the morning hours to allow for rest, but was very active with the staff during the night. It was common for him to trial material with the night shift desk clerk. After 53 years under the Freed family management, the Red Apple Rest was sold in 1984 to a Greek businessman who ran it for another 21 years. At that point it
2106-516: Is a collection of six individual components across the state of New York that connect the state to four neighboring states ( Connecticut , Massachusetts , New Jersey , and Pennsylvania ) as well as the Canadian province of Ontario . Together, the highways extend for 569.83 miles (917.05 km), making the Thruway system one of the largest toll highway systems in the United States. The longest of
2223-781: Is a subsidiary of the New York Power Authority (it was a subsidiary of the Thruway Authority before 2017). It is responsible for the oversight, administration and maintenance of the New York State Canal System , which consists of the Erie Canal , Cayuga-Seneca Canal, Oswego Canal and Champlain Canal . It is also involved with the development and maintenance of the New York State Canalway Trail and with
2340-646: Is also attractive because their independent corporate structure theoretically makes them more flexible and efficient than state agencies. Many restrictions placed on state agencies do not apply to public authorities, including, for example, general public bidding requirements (some public bidding requirements do apply under the Public Authorities Law). See Plumbing, Heating, Piping & Air Conditioning Contr. Ass'n v. N.Y.S. Thruway Auth. , 5 N.Y.2d 420 (1959). Most public authorities may also make contracts , and because of public authorities' corporate status, there
2457-656: Is exit 6A; travel farther north requires a toll payment at the Yonkers toll gantry . After the toll, the thruway continues to exit 7, which grants access to Ardsley and Saw Mill River Road. All three highways take generally parallel tracks to Elmsford , where I-87 directly intersects the Saw Mill River Parkway at exit 7A. Not far to the north is exit 8, a semi-directional T interchange with I-287 (the Cross Westchester Expressway). I-287 joins
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#17328527092872574-481: Is generally, no remedy against the state for the breach of such contracts. John Grace & Co. v. State University Constr. Fund , 44 N.Y.2d 84 (1978). Many public authorities, such as industrial development agencies and the Empire State Development Corporation, can also condemn property. The New York State Public Authorities Control Board was created in 1976 to provide oversight for some of
2691-545: Is open 24 hours. Free Wi-Fi service was added to all 27 service areas on March 1, 2007. NYSTA also operates the Thruway Authority Highway Advisory Radio (HAR) system, a network of radio stations across the state that broadcast information on traffic conditions along the Thruway. The system broadcasts at 1610 AM in the Rochester , Albany , Kingston , and Newburgh areas, 1620 AM in
2808-466: Is sited on the hill to the west of the restaurant, was used by performers late into the 1970s. Several Rock and Roll musicians stayed during their bookings in New York City. The location was secluded and the staff was either 'cool about it' or uninformed. Many well known performers roamed through nearby Sterling Forest while waiting to travel to their nighttime venues. One hotel guest that can be named now
2925-503: The Times Herald-Record ran an article about the town of Tuxedo and a group of British entrepreneurs looking to find a location for a new Ace Eatery . Inspired by a YouTube video, the Red Apple Rest was nominated as a potential place to open a new-eatery meant for bikers. Tuxedo town supervisor Peter Dolan mentioned that about 17,000 bikes go through Tuxedo during the summer. However, the building also needed major renovation work and
3042-676: The Connecticut state line, where it connects to the Connecticut Turnpike . The Cross Westchester Expressway, part of I-287, begins at I-87 exit 8 in Elmsford , where I-287 splits from the Thruway mainline, and travels east across Westchester County to I-95, with connections to both the New England Thruway and the Connecticut Turnpike at exit 12 in Rye . The Niagara Thruway comprises
3159-643: The Connecticut Turnpike , and the Niagara Thruway (July 30, 1959), which connects to Canada's Queen Elizabeth Way via a border crossing near Niagara Falls . The Thruway also directly connects to New Jersey's tolled Garden State Parkway , which eventually connects to the New Jersey Turnpike , which is part of a toll road system linking New York City and Chicago that also uses tolled highways in Pennsylvania , Ohio , and Indiana . On August 14, 1957,
3276-817: The Cross County Parkway , an east-west parkway providing access to the Saw Mill River, Bronx River , and Hutchinson River parkways, all of which run parallel to the Thruway through Yonkers. The Hutchinson River and Bronx River parkways leave to the northeast midway through Yonkers, while the Saw Mill and Sprain Brook parkways follow the Thruway out of the city. Exit 5 connects to Central Park Avenue ( NY 100 ) which connects towards White Plains . After that, exit 6 connects to Tuckahoe Road, connecting towards Yonkers and Bronxville. The last free exit heading northbound
3393-709: The Finger Lakes and Syracuse areas, 1630 AM near Buffalo , and 530 AM in the New York City metropolitan area . HAR is also used to broadcast Amber / Silver Alerts if one is issued. As of August 9, 2023, a check of the FCC's Universal Licensing System (ULS) shows that all of the Highway Advisory Radio stations licensed to the New York State Thruway Authority show a status of "Expired" or "Cancelled". The New York Thruway Travel Plazas started
3510-673: The Governor of New York and half by the Mayor of New York City . The development corporation is a subsidiary of the Empire State Development Corporation. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority manages public transportation in the New York metropolitan area (this includes the New York City Subway and MTA Regional Bus Operations systems, as well as the Long Island Rail Road and
3627-585: The Metro-North Railroad ). The MTA includes the following subsidiaries: The New York City Economic Development Corporation was founded in 1966 as the New York City Public Development Corporation. It is New York City's official economic development corporation . The Overcoat Development Corporation was founded in the 1980s in an attempt to convince a men's outerwear company to relocate to New York from Indiana by offering
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3744-629: The Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge . Here, the canal leaves the Thruway for good, turning northwestward to follow the NY ;31 corridor to Rochester and beyond. The portion of the Thruway between Montezuma and the Rochester area is one of mostly rural nature, with the highway passing through remote, open fields, and for the most part avoiding highly populated areas. Along this stretch, it connects to two cities, both located well to
3861-701: The New England Thruway , the Cross Westchester Expressway , and the Niagara Thruway . The New England Thruway (NET) is a 15.01-mile (24.16 km) section of Interstate 95 under the operation and maintenance of the New York State Thruway Authority. It begins at the Pelham Parkway interchange (exit 8) in the Co-op City section of the Bronx and continues northeastward into Westchester County to
3978-660: The New York State Constitution . This allows public authorities to make potentially risky capital and infrastructure investments without directly putting the credit of New York State or its municipalities on the line. As a result, public authorities have become widely used for financing public works, and they are now responsible for more than 90% of the state's debt. The growing influence of public authorities over state and local financing, coupled with their ability to avoid regulations applicable to government agencies, has led to calls for reform. Some reforms were passed in
4095-640: The New York State Police , is 65 miles per hour along most of the Thruway. The main exceptions to this are in the suburbs and city of Buffalo and in Westchester and Rockland counties. There, the speed limit is 55 miles per hour. I-90, which comprises the bulk of the mainline and the Berkshire Connector, runs for 365.55 miles (588.30 km) along the Thruway: 17.70 miles (28.49 km) as part of
4212-576: The Tappan Zee's replacement to be a dual- span twin bridge . Construction officially began in October 2013, with the new spans being built to the north of the existing bridge. The new bridge connects to the existing highway approaches of I-87 and I-287 on both river banks. The northbound/westbound span opened on August 25, 2017. Southbound/eastbound traffic remained on the old bridge until October 6, 2017. At that point, southbound/eastbound traffic shifted to
4329-523: The Turning Stone Resort & Casino via NY 365. The highway continues onward through a sparsely-populated area between Verona and Syracuse, passing roughly 5 miles (8 km) south of Oneida Lake as it connects to the village of Canastota by way of NY 13 at exit 34. As the highway approaches exit 34A ( I-481 ) outside of Syracuse , the surroundings become more developed. The level of development rises sharply west of I-481 as
4446-763: The 1930s and 40s. Much of Moses' power base resulted from his tight control of the Triborough Bridge Authority , which allowed him to earmark revenues from tolls on the bridge for other projects in New York City and around the state. He also served as president of the Jones Beach Parkway Authority (1933–1963), president of the Bethpage State Park Authority (1933–1963), and chairman of the New York Power Authority (1954–1962). Moses, through his control of these authorities,
4563-407: The 1940s and 1950s. It was open 365 days a year, 24 hours a day, and was patronized by so-called " Borscht Belt " comedians and professional athletes as well as families traveling to campgrounds and resorts. Although the Thruway (which was built beginning 1953) bypassed the restaurant, and vacationing in the Catskill Mountains became less popular after the 1960s, the restaurant remained very busy until
4680-457: The 1970s. In 1965 the Red Apple Rest served one million customers. In his book on Jewish comedians in America, The Haunted Smile , author Lawrence J. Epstein said that comedians would stop at the Red Apple Rest late at night and "would go over the acts, describe the audience, and gather gossip about the other comedians and about routines ripe for buying or 'borrowing.'" The Red Apple Motel, which
4797-423: The 1994 case Schulz v. State , 84 N.Y.2d 231. As the court explained, state debt limits were first enacted as a reaction to fiscal crises caused by the state's lending of its credit to "irresponsible" canal and railroad corporations in the early nineteenth century. The state was forced to assume these obligations, which amounted to more than three-fifths of the state's entire debt. In 1846, a referendum requirement
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4914-401: The 426-mile (686 km) mainline between Buffalo and the Bronx were completed and opened throughout 1954 and 1955. The last segment, from Yonkers south to the Bronx, was completed on August 31, 1956. The total cost was $ 600 million (equivalent to $ 5.15 billion in 2023), financed by the sale of $ 972 million in bonds (equivalent to $ 8.35 billion in 2023). At the time, it was
5031-494: The Authority Budget Office in order "to provide the governor and the legislator with conclusions and opinions concerning the performance of public authorities and to study, review and report on the operations, practices and finances of public authorities...." The ABO is intended to promote transparency and accountability and to improve authority governance. The New York State Constitution , Art. X, sec. 5, provides that public benefit corporations may only be created by special act of
5148-477: The Berkshire Connector and 347.85 miles (559.81 km) on the mainline. I-87 comprises the remaining 148.15 miles (238.42 km) of the mainline, including an 18.86-mile (30.35 km) concurrency with I-287 north of New York City. I-287 covers another 29.76 miles (47.89 km) (including the 18.86 miles (30.35 km) shared with I-87), while I-190 spans 21.24 miles (34.18 km) and I-95 covers 15.01 miles (24.16 km). All highways maintained by
5265-454: The Berkshire Connector and follows the spur east into Columbia County . While the Rensselaer County segment follows a mostly east–west routing, the Berkshire Connector in Columbia County takes on a northwest-southeast alignment as the roadway heads towards exit B2 in East Chatham . The junction serves as the northern terminus of the Taconic State Parkway , which connects the spur to the New York City area. About 2 miles (3.2 km) to
5382-433: The Berkshire Connector, the Garden State Parkway Connector, the New England Thruway (I-95), the Niagara Thruway (I-190), and the Cross Westchester Expressway (I-287). The portion of I-84 in New York was maintained by the Thruway Authority from 1991 to 2010, but it was never part of the Thruway system and is currently maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). The Thruway formerly utilized
5499-529: The Capital District of New York State ( Albany , Schenectady , and Rensselaer counties plus part of Saratoga). The function of CDTA is to operate public transportation as well as to operate the Amtrak stations in the service area (Albany-Rennselaer, Schenectady, and Saratoga Springs). It includes the following subsidies: The Central New York Regional Transportation Authority manages most public transportation in four Central New York counties - Onondaga, Oneida, Oswego and Cayuga. This includes bus service serving
5616-405: The Court of Appeals held in Williamsburgh Savings Bank v. State , 243 N.Y. 231, that the state could disclaim any moral obligation for public authority debts. However, amendments to the 1938 Constitution overruled this case and completely disclaimed the state's responsibility for any public authority debt. The widespread use of public authorities in New York State was pioneered by Robert Moses in
5733-406: The Cross Westchester Expressway and the section of the mainline in and around Buffalo are toll-free. Motorists with E-ZPasses receive a greater discount on the toll-by-mail rate than out-of-state E-ZPass members do. The Thruway is partly subsidized by the tolls, whereas other parts are subsidized by NYSDOT, a 50/50 for the toll-free areas, and cashless/tolled areas. The New York State Thruway system
5850-832: The Cross Westchester Expressway are tolled in some capacity. The entire Thruway has used an all-electronic, open road tolling system since November 14, 2020, with tolls being collected by E-ZPass or Tolls by Mail . Seventy electronic toll gantries comprise the Thruway toll system. New York state public-benefit corporations New York state public-benefit corporations and authorities operate like quasi-private corporations, with boards of directors appointed by elected officials, overseeing both publicly operated and privately operated systems. Public-benefit nonprofit corporations share characteristics with government agencies, but they are exempt from many state and local regulations. Of particular importance, they can issue their own debt, allowing them to bypass limits on state debt contained in
5967-458: The EFC had operating expenses of $ 442.35 million, an outstanding debt of $ 5.917 billion, and 115 employees. The EFC's 2009-2010 budget was in excess of $ 500 million. The statutory basis for substantially all EFC activity stems from Title 12 of Article 5 of the NYS Public Authorities Law (also called the "EFC Act") in 1970. The Capital District Transportation Authority (CDTA) is a public benefit organization which provides transportation services to
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#17328527092876084-422: The Mohawk River and the Erie Canal while NY 49 continues northwestward along the northern bank of the water-bodies toward Rome . On the other side of the river, the Thruway curves back to the west, proceeding to exit 32 in Westmoreland . Not far to the west, the Thruway has a junction with NY 365 at exit 33 in Verona . Here, the Thruway connects to the cities of Rome and Oneida and serves
6201-431: The New Rochelle toll barrier was widened by four booths. The Schoharie Creek Bridge was a Thruway bridge over the Schoharie Creek near Fort Hunter and the Mohawk River . On April 5, 1987, it collapsed due to bridge scour at the foundations after a record rainfall. At the time of the collapse, one car and one tractor-semitrailer were on the bridge. Before the road could be blocked off, three more cars drove into
6318-448: The New York State Legislature officially renamed the Thruway in honor of Thomas E. Dewey , the Governor of New York at the time of the Thruway's opening. The official designation is, however, rarely used in reference to the road. The last section of the mainline to receive a designation—from Suffern to Newburgh—finally received one on January 1, 1970, when I-87 was realigned to follow the Thruway for its entire length south of Albany and
6435-492: The New York State Thruway Authority (NYSTA) lack the reference markers that exist on all New York State Department of Transportation -maintained roads, as would be expected. In their place, NYSTA-controlled roadways use small, square tenth-mile markers with a white background and blue numbering. These markers differ from the white-on-green reference markers used by NYSDOT on state-maintained highways, which are 10 inches (254 mm) high and 8 inches (203 mm) wide and display
6552-630: The Office of the State Comptroller had identified at least 640 state and local authorities. The current count stands at 1,098. Some of the most well known major public benefit corporations in New York State include the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (actually a bi-state authority created by interstate compact ), the Metropolitan Transportation Authority , and the Empire State Development Corporation . New York has hundreds of lesser-known public benefit corporations, including industrial development agencies and local development corporations. The Public Authorities Accountability Act of 2005 created
6669-451: The Pennsylvania state line. I-90, however, continues onward into Pennsylvania as a toll-free highway. The Berkshire Connector is a 24.28-mile (39.07 km) east–west spur connecting the Thruway mainline in Coeymans to the Massachusetts Turnpike at the Massachusetts state line in Canaan . It is tolled as part of the closed toll system in place on the mainline between exits 16 and 50. The highway begins at exit 21A off
6786-418: The Public Authorities Accountability Act of 2005. The New York State Authorities Budget Office , in their 2018 annual report, noted that there were 47 state authorities and 531 local authorities, including 109 IDAs and 292 not-for-profit corporations created locally, that they provided oversight for in New York State. According to this same ABO report, the operating expenses in 2017 for the 47 state authorities
6903-442: The State". Because of this, the Court of Appeals has repeatedly affirmed that public authorities are distinct from the state and that the state carries no moral obligation to repay their debts. Although the Constitution prohibits the state from lending its credit to public authorities, it does allow the state to make gifts of money to authorities. As a practical result, this has resulted in some authorities receiving annual funding from
7020-414: The Thruway enters Salina , a northern suburb of Syracuse. Within Salina, I-90 and the Thruway intersect I-81 , which connects the Thruway to both downtown Syracuse and Syracuse Hancock International Airport . West of Salina, the Thruway passes north of Liverpool and Onondaga Lake before intersecting I-690 and its northern continuation, NY 690 , at exit 39 in Van Buren . At this point,
7137-426: The Thruway heads northward, roughly paralleling the Hudson River to the river's west as it serves the city of Newburgh , the village of New Paltz , and the city of Kingston , connecting to the short I-587 in the latter. Past Kingston, the highway runs closer to the river as it parallels U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) through the towns of Saugerties , Catskill , Coxsackie , and Ravena . Just north of Ravena,
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#17328527092877254-514: The Thruway here, following I-87 west across the Hudson River into Rockland County on the Tappan Zee Bridge . I-87 and I-287 remain overlapped for 15 miles (24 km) through the densely-populated southern portion of Rockland County, meeting the Palisades Interstate Parkway (exit 13) and the Garden State Parkway Connector , the latter of which provides access to the Garden State Parkway (exit 14A) in New Jersey. The Thruway continues generally westward to Suffern , where I-87 and I-287 split at
7371-443: The Thruway is the fifth-busiest toll road in the United States. The toll road is also a major route for long distance travelers linking the cities of Toronto , Buffalo, and Montreal with Boston and New York City. A tolled highway connecting the major cities of New York was first proposed in 1949. The first section of the Thruway, between Lowell, New York (south of Rome ) and Rochester , opened on June 24, 1954. The remainder of
7488-483: The Thruway mainline at exit 14A in Ramapo with the Garden State Parkway at the New Jersey state line. It is designated as NY 982L , an unsigned reference route. The highway begins, in terms of mileposts, at Thruway ( I-87 and I-287 ) exit 14A in Ramapo and heads generally southwestward as a toll-free highway toward the state line. Just north of the state line, the southbound connector meets Red Schoolhouse Road ( County Route 41 or CR 41) at
7605-411: The Thruway meets the west end of the Berkshire Connector, a spur linking the Thruway mainline to the Massachusetts Turnpike 25 miles (40 km) to the east. The highway continues into Albany , where it connects to Troy via I-787 at exit 23 and intersects I-90 at exit 24. The latter of the two junctions is the busiest of the Thruway's exits, serving an estimated 27 million vehicles
7722-429: The Thruway serve several riverside communities, including the cities of Amsterdam (exit 27 via NY 30 ) and Little Falls (exit 29A, NY 169 ) and the villages of Fonda (exit 28, NY 30A ), Canajoharie (exit 29, NY 5S and NY 10 ), and Herkimer (exit 30, NY 28 ). Like Schenectady before it, the Thruway bypasses downtown Utica, following an alignment north of
7839-436: The Thruway southwest of Selkirk in the town of Coeymans (south of Albany ) as NY 912M , an unsigned reference route . It proceeds eastward over the Hudson River and into Rensselaer County by way of the Castleton Bridge . It navigates through the southern, rural portion of the county to exit B1 in Schodack , where the connector meets I-90. The unsigned NY 912M designation terminates here while I-90 joins
7956-452: The Thruway turns southward, passing through the immediate eastern suburbs of Buffalo. As it heads south, it meets the Kensington Expressway ( NY 33 ) at exit 51 and Walden Avenue at exit 52, both cloverleaf interchanges . At exit 52, it passes to the west of the Walden Galleria , a shopping mall situated at the nearby junction of Walden Avenue and NY 277 . Two exits later in southern Cheektowaga , I-90 meets I-190 ,
8073-432: The Thruway. The project was to be financed through toll revenue bonds and self-liquidating by receipt of tolls, rents, concessions, and other income. The act also stipulated NYSTA adopt a hybrid system of tolls, with barrier tolls collected in urban areas, and long-distance tickets issued in rural areas. The first section of Thruway, a 115-mile stretch from Lowell to Rochester , opened on June 24, 1954. Other sections of
8190-439: The U.S. state of New York . It is operated by the New York State Thruway Authority (NYSTA), a New York State public-benefit corporation . The 496.00-mile (798.23 km) mainline is a freeway that extends from the New York City line at Yonkers to the Pennsylvania state line at Ripley by way of I-87 and I-90 through Albany , Syracuse , and Buffalo . According to the International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association,
8307-474: The amount of development along the Thruway sharply declines as it heads generally westward through a marshy area of Onondaga County . I-90 and the Thruway reconnect to the Erie Canal (here part of the Seneca River ) at the western county line. Now in Cayuga County , the highway serves Weedsport via exit 40 and NY 34 , exit 41 serving Del Lago Resort and Casino in Tyre, New York and passes north of Port Byron prior to entering Seneca County and
8424-705: The authority. Ciulla v. State , 77 N.Y.S.2d 545 (N.Y. Ct. Cl. 1948). However, public authority employees are covered by the ethics regulations included in section 74 of the Public Officers Law, and the Public Authorities Accountability Act of 2005 imposed additional ethics requirements on board members of some public authorities. Importantly, authority board members are now required to attend training sessions on ethics and governance issues. The New York State Comptroller's Office lists four types of public benefit corporations and authorities: For
8541-507: The bridge carried fewer than 40,000 vehicles per day. Part of the justification for replacing the bridge stems from its construction immediately following the Korean War on a low budget of only $ 81 million. Unlike other major bridges in metropolitan New York , the Tappan Zee was designed only to last 50 years. The Federal Highway Administration issued a report in October 2011 designating
8658-716: The cities of Syracuse , Utica , Rome , Oswego and Auburn . The CNYRTA includes the following subsidiaries: The New York State Bridge Authority owns and operates five bridges on the Hudson River . The Olympic Regional Development Authority was designed to administer and manage the Whiteface Mountain Ski Center and the other Winter Olympic venues used during the Lake Placid 1980 Winter Olympics . The New York Power Authority provides electricity throughout New York State. The New York State Canal Corporation
8775-537: The city to the south and west, intersecting I-88 at exit 25A in Rotterdam before reuniting with I-890 at exit 26 west of Scotia . Travel between I-88 (Exit 25A) and exits 24, 25, and 26 in either direction is toll-free. From exit 26 west to Utica , the mainline of the Thruway parallels the Erie Canal and the Mohawk River , crossing over the water-bodies at Mohawk . In between Schenectady and Utica, I-90 and
8892-507: The city while I-790 serves it directly. I-790 breaks from the Thruway at exit 31 and runs along two carriageways flanking the mainline on both sides for 1.5 miles (2.4 km) before turning southward onto the North-South Arterial. The adjacent highways become NY 49 , which parallels the Thruway for another 2 miles (3.2 km) northwestward. At the end of this stretch, the Thruway turns slightly southwestward, crossing over
9009-448: The concurrency of the New York State Thruway, I-87, and I-287, was a cantilever bridge built during 1952–55. The bridge was three miles (4.8 km) long and spanned the Hudson at its second-widest point. Before its replacement in 2017, the deteriorating structure carried an average of 138,000 vehicles per day, substantially more traffic than its design capacity. During its first decade,
9126-581: The day. Two plazas—the New Baltimore plaza at milepost 127 and the Angola plaza at milepost 447—are accessible from both directions of the Thruway; the remainder are accessible from only one direction (although the Sloatsburg and Ramapo service plazas at milepost 33 were connected via a pedestrian bridge until 2021). Each plaza features a gas station and a variety of restaurants, at least one of which
9243-569: The entire Berkshire Connector part of I-90 and redesignating the non-toll part of I-90 from Thruway exit 24 to exit B1 as I-88 . The Thruway main line would be designated as both I-90 and I-88 between exits 25A and 24, and as I-90 and I-87 from exit 24 to exit 21A. This was never implemented, as the FHWA wished to preserve the I-88 numbering for a potential future corridor connecting Albany and northern interior New England. When I-84
9360-492: The entire Thruway would transition to cashless tolling. Tolls on the entire Thruway became completely cashless two days later. The cashless tolling project cost $ 355 million. There are 27 service areas along the Thruway, all on the New York–Ripley mainline. The service areas, called "travel plazas" by the New York State Thruway Authority (NYSTA), are spaced roughly 30 miles (48 km) apart and are open at all hours of
9477-408: The entire state, are listed below. The Agriculture and New York State Horse Breeding Development Fund serves equine interests in New York State and provides education concerning certain agricultural development. A 2004 audit of the fund found problems with its management. The Dormitory Authority of the State of New York (DASNY) provides construction, financing, and allied services that serve
9594-577: The establishment of each new authority, and to prevent the enactment of general laws pursuant to which a municipal corporation can itself create a corporation of the authority type ' ". While major public authorities can only be created by special legislation, many local development corporations have been created under the general Not-For-Profit Corporation Law. These LDCs function in much the same way as other public benefit corporations and public authorities, but do not need to be established by specific state legislation. Additionally, many public authorities have
9711-751: The first 21.24 miles (34.18 km) of I-190 from I-90 in Buffalo to NY 384 in Niagara Falls . A toll superhighway connecting the major cities of the state of New York that would become part of a larger nationwide highway network was proposed as early as 1949. The following year, the New York State Legislature passed the Thruway Authority Act creating the New York State Thruway Authority (NYSTA), an independent public corporation , which would build and manage
9828-594: The first agency to implement the E-ZPass electronic toll collection system. By December 1996, it was implemented at all of the Thruway's fixed-toll barriers and at exits along the Berkshire Connector and the New York City–Buffalo section of the mainline. E-ZPass was installed at all of the mainline exits by March 1998. In 1999, NYSDOT, the Federal Highway Administration and NYSTA discussed making
9945-470: The former portion of I-87 between White Plains and Brewster became I-684 . On February 28, 1974, exit 14B was opened. The closed-toll (originally ticket) system originally began at Spring Valley but was moved to Woodbury on March 3, 1974, allowing interchanges along the Thruway in Rockland County to be free of tolls. The Suffern toll plaza was demolished soon after this change. In 1984,
10062-506: The gap. The collapse killed ten people. The replacement bridge was completed and fully open to traffic on May 21, 1988. In 1994, exit 5 was rebuilt, replacing the original trumpet interchange with a more complex configuration. Part of the old interchange was not enitrly demloished however. The Spring Vallery barrier's car toll was removed in July 1997. At the time, the toll was $ 0.40 (equivalent to $ 1.00 in 2023). In August 1993, NYSTA became
10179-527: The general development and promotion of the Erie Canal Corridor as both a tourist attraction and a working waterway. The Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority consists of numerous subsidiaries, including: The Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corporation operates Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center in Buffalo, New York. The United Nations Development Corporation was designed to assist
10296-615: The last on its routing, it cuts through the northwestern portion of the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation , situated on Cattaraugus Creek . The Thruway continues alongside US 20 past Dunkirk and Westfield to the Ripley toll gantry, the southwestern end of the minor closed toll system just northeast of exit 61 for Shortman Road. Travelers heading eastbound from Pennsylvania can access Shortman Road toll-free. The Thruway ends about 1 mile (1.6 km) after exit 61 at
10413-463: The legislature. In City of Rye v. MTA , 24 N.Y.2d 627 (1969), the court of appeals explained that "The debates of the 1938 Convention indicate that the proliferation of public authorities after 1927 was the reason for the enactment of section 5 of article X.... Abbott Low Moffat, who supported this proposal, told the convention that its purpose was 'to require the Legislature to pass directly itself upon
10530-562: The longest toll road in the world. In 1957, the mainline was extended 70 miles (113 km) west from Buffalo along Lake Erie to the Pennsylvania state line . From 1957 to 1960, several spurs of the road were built to connect the road to turnpikes in adjacent states. These include the Berkshire Connector (May 26, 1959), which connects to the Massachusetts Turnpike , the New England Thruway (October 31, 1958) and Cross Westchester Expressway (December 1, 1960), which both connect to
10647-525: The mainline near Selkirk and where it joins up with Interstate 90 at exit B1 in Schodack , and a short section of the mainline within exit 24 in Albany that is located between where I-87 departs the roadway and I-90 enters it. They are designated as New York State Route 982L (NY 982L), NY 912M, and NY 915H, respectively, all unsigned reference routes . The speed limit, enforced by
10764-478: The mainline was designated as part of I-287 upon completion of the Cross Westchester Expressway (also I-287) in 1960. The highway was distinctive in that original signage utilized dark blue backgrounds, the same color blue as displayed on the New York state flag . Over time, these signs were replaced with Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)-approved green backgrounds. On September 1, 1964,
10881-411: The mainline was opened in 1955, and many of its spurs connecting to highways in other states and the Canadian province of Ontario were built in the 1950s. In 1957, much of the Thruway system was included as portions of Interstate 87 (I-87), I-90 , and I-95 . Other segments became part of I-190 and I-287 shortly afterward. Today, the system comprises six highways: the New York–Ripley mainline,
10998-492: The minor closed toll system. Once again a toll road, the Thruway heads southwestward, roughly paralleling the shoreline of Lake Erie to Blasdell , where it connects to NY 179 (the Milestrip Expressway). Farther southwestward, the Thruway is joined by US 20 , which follows a parallel routing to that of the Thruway to the Pennsylvania state line . As the route passes from Erie County to Chautauqua County ,
11115-399: The power to create subsidiary authorities without additional legislative authorization. An example is the Empire State Development Corporation, which decided in 2007 to dissolve 13 subsidiaries and merge 25 others into a single holding company. ESDC still encompasses many subsidiary organizations. The 1938 Constitution "expressly empowered public authorities to contract debt independently of
11232-505: The proliferation of public authorities by specifying that they could be created only by special act of the state legislature. By 1956, 53 public authorities had been created. In 1990, the Commission on Government Integrity concluded that "At present, so far as Commission staff has been able to determine, no one has even an approximate count of how many of these organizations exist, where they are, much less an accounting of what they do." By 2004,
11349-476: The public good, to benefit specifically universities, health care facilities, and court facilities. The Empire State Development , also known as the Urban Development Corporation, maintains various programs and subsidiaries to encourage economic development in New York State. The Natural Heritage Trust supports natural resource conservation and historic preservation within New York State through
11466-568: The reception and administration of donations and grants. It partners with several state agencies, including the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation , New York State Department of Environmental Conservation , and the New York State Department of State ; partners also include other public and private entities. The trust was established in 1968. In 2017, it had operating expenses of $ 1.54 million and
11583-510: The river valley toward Harriman , where it encounters the Woodbury toll gantry, the southeastern end of the mainline's major closed toll system. The gantry is located on the mainline within exit 16 ( NY 17 ), a trumpet interchange . Along with the mainline gantry in Harriman, an toll plaza]] exists on future I-86 midway between the Thruway and NY 17. Now a completely tolled highway,
11700-648: The segment of the mainline between the Pennsylvania border and the Adirondack Northway in Albany became part of I-90 while the portions from the Northway south to Newburgh and from Elmsford south to the New York City line were included in I-87 . Between Elmsford and Newburgh, I-87 followed I-287, what is now I-684, and I-84. Upon its completion, the Berkshire Connector east of US 9 also became part of I-90, creating
11817-519: The six components is the 496-mile (798 km) mainline. Of the 570 miles in the Thruway system, 560.85 miles (902.60 km) (98.4%) carries at least one Interstate Highway designation. Only three sections of the system are not part of the Interstate Highway System; these are the Garden State Parkway Connector in Rockland County , a 6-mile (10 km) portion of the Berkshire Connector between its western terminus at exit 21A on
11934-519: The south of the Thruway: Geneva by way of exit 42 for NY 14 and Canandaigua by way of exit 43 via NY 21 . The next exit along the highway, exit 44 for NY 332 , also serves Canandaigua; the junction is the primary exit for Canandaigua-bound travelers from the Rochester area. Here, the Thruway temporarily widens from four to six lanes as it continues generally westward to meet I-490 at exit 45 near Victor . As in
12051-711: The southbound toll plaza at the Tappan Zee Bridge in Westchester County was closed and replaced with a southbound all-electronic toll gantry on the Rockland County side of the bridge. In late 2018, all remaining flat-rate toll barriers on the Thruway were replaced with electronic toll gantries. In October 2020, it was announced that the transition to cashless tolls would go into effect the following month, which would eliminate all toll booths and their operators. On November 12, 2020, Governor Andrew Cuomo announced that
12168-505: The southeast is the Canaan toll gantry, which marks the end of the Thruway ticket system. The last exit on the Berkshire Connector is exit B3 for NY 22 just west of the Massachusetts state line in Canaan . The spur continues east to the state line, where it becomes the Massachusetts Turnpike . The Garden State Parkway Connector is a 2.40-mile (3.86 km) highway that connects
12285-455: The state had a moral obligation to repay the debts if canal revenues proved insufficient, and thus the certificates were deemed "an evasion if not a direct violation of the constitution". In 1921, the legislature chartered the first state public authority, the Port of New York Authority , as a new vehicle for financing public projects while insulating the state from long term debt obligations. In 1926,
12402-588: The state on a consistent basis. The Court of Appeals stated in Schulz v. State , 84 N.Y.2d 231 (1994) that, if "modern ingenuity, even gimmickry, have in fact stretched the words of the Constitution beyond the point of prudence, that plea for reform in State borrowing practices and policy is appropriately directed to the public arena". See also Wein v. State , 39 N.Y.2d 136 (1976); Wein v. Levitt , 42 N.Y.2d 300 (1977). Financing public projects through public authorities
12519-539: The state's debt and 80% of the state's infrastructure, leading some to refer to them as the "shadow government". Public benefit corporations and public authorities are controlled by boards of directors made up of political appointees. Board members have fixed terms and are, at least in theory, considered to be more independent of political influence than elected politicians and appointed agency heads. Board members and employees of public authorities usually are not considered to be state employees, but are rather employees of
12636-511: The state's most powerful authorities. Sections 50 and 51 of the Public Authorities Law currently require 11 authorities to receive approval from the PACB prior to entering into contracts for project-related financing. There are five members on the PACB board, all of whom are appointed by the governor and serve year-long terms. Public authorities are currently responsible for more than 90% of
12753-679: The vicinity of Schenectady and Utica, an auxiliary route of I-90—here I-490—directly serves a city (Rochester) while the Thruway bypasses it. It heads northwestward through the city's southern, mostly rural suburbs to Henrietta , where it meets I-390 at exit 46. Henrietta is as close as the Thruway gets to downtown as it proceeds west to Le Roy , where I-490 reconnects to I-90 at exit 47. I-90 continues onward into Genesee County , intersecting with NY 98 at exit 48 north of Batavia and NY 77 at exit 48A in Pembroke . The latter exit provides access to Six Flags Darien Lake ,
12870-521: The westbound span of the new bridge and the old bridge closed. The bridge's eastbound span opened to traffic on September 11, 2018. Upon completion, the new Tappan Zee Bridge became one of the longest cable-stayed spans in the nation. In late 2018, ramp meters were installed on all entrance ramps to the Thruway mainline in Westchester County (exits 1-9) and at all entrances to the entire Cross Westchester Expressway. Ramp meters were activated at exits 11, 12, and 13 in October 2020. On April 23, 2016,
12987-400: Was $ 34.82 billion. Additionally, the 47 state authorities carried a total of $ 160.4 billion in outstanding debt. Public benefit corporations in New York State have origins in mercantile capitalism . A shared tradition of English common law and Dutch law may explain their origins. The New York Court of Appeals provided a thorough history of state laws regarding public authorities in
13104-760: Was able to build some of New York's most important public works projects, including the Cross Bronx Expressway , the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway , and various bridges and parkways. The public authority model allowed Moses to bypass many of the legal restrictions placed on state agencies, allowing him to expedite development but also allowing him to hide project financing, contracting and operational information from public scrutiny. Because of this, he has been criticized for wasteful spending, patronage, and refusing to consider public opposition to his projects. The 1938 constitutional amendments attempted to limit
13221-539: Was added to the state constitution, prohibiting the state from contracting long term debt without approval by the voters. As early as 1851, the legislature began to search for ways to evade the constitutional debt limit in order to finance public works projects. Canal certificates, which would be repaid through canal revenues, and which by their terms were not state obligations, were nevertheless held to be unconstitutional in Newell v. People , 7 N.Y. 9 (1852). The court held that
13338-543: Was built through the Newburgh area in the early 1960s, no interchange was built between I-84 and the Thruway. Instead, the connection was made via a short segment of NY 300 , which both I-84 and I-87 meet via interchanges. Construction on a direct connection between the Thruway mainline and I-84 began in August 2003. The portion of the exit carrying traffic from I-84 to the Thruway was opened in July 2009. The opposite direction
13455-577: Was mostly catering to locals due to the fact that the Catskills had dwindled away as a destination. It closed in September 2006—purportedly for various reasons. The restaurant was featured in several movies such as Woody Allen 's Deconstructing Harry , A Walk on the Moon , Tenderness and Oliver's Story , and the November 28, 2013, installment of Bill Griffith 's comic strip Zippy . On August 25, 2011,
13572-529: Was opened two months later on September 23. The connection allows cars to travel between I-87, I-84 and NY 300 via splits in the ramp. On May 14, 2010, a new E-ZPass configuration, consisting of two highway speed E-ZPass lanes in each direction, became operational at the Woodbury toll plaza, with concrete barriers separating the faster traffic from the staffed toll lanes necessary for vehicles not equipped for E-ZPass. The original Tappan Zee Bridge , carrying
13689-494: Was up against many other possible locations. If the Red Apple Rest had been chosen, the new restaurant would have opened in 2012. Founder Reuben Freed's youngest daughter, Elaine Freed Lindenblatt, published Stop at the Red Apple ( SUNY Press , 2014), a memoir chronicling the 50-plus-year history of the original Red Apple Rest in its heyday and beyond. A partial demolition of the Red Apple Rest began on October 30, 2023 due to
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