157-447: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela ( transl. A Dance of Bullets: Ram-Leela ), also simply known as Ram-Leela , is a 2013 Indian Hindi -language romantic tragedy film written and directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali , who also composed its original soundtrack. The film was jointly produced by Bhansali and Eros International's Kishore Lulla and stars Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh in lead roles with Priyanka Chopra making
314-414: A turmeric root, leaves of a mango tree , coconut , and major staple grains (usually eight varieties). A lamp is lighted symbolising knowledge and household prosperity, and kept alight through the nine nights of Navaratri. The family worships the pot for nine days by offering rituals and a garland of flowers, leaves, fruits, dry fruits, etc. with a naivedya , and water is offered in order to get
471-573: A core vocabulary of native Prakrit and Sanskrit-derived words. However, Hindi is written in the Devanagari script and contains more direct tatsama Sanskrit -derived words than Urdu, whereas Urdu is written in the Perso-Arabic script and uses more Arabic and Persian loanwords compared to Hindi. Because of this, as well as the fact that the two registers share an identical grammar, a consensus of linguists consider them to be two standardised forms of
628-473: A day, or partially fasting each of the nine days by not eating grains or just taking liquid foods, in remembrance of one of nine aspects of Shakti goddess. The prayers are dedicated to a symbolic clay pot called garbo , as a remembrance of the womb of the family and universe. The clay pot is lit, and this is believed to represent the one Atman (soul, self). In Gujarat and nearby Hindu communities such as in Malwa,
785-451: A decorated elephant and taken on a procession, accompanied by tableaux, dance groups, music bands, decorated elephants, horses, and camels. Another Navaratri tradition in Karnataka has been decorating a part of one's home with art dolls called Gombe or Bombe , similar to Golu dolls of Tamil Nadu. An art-themed Gaarudi Gombe , featuring folk dances that incorporate these dolls, is also
942-422: A fracture on his hand, leading to shooting being postponed till April. When asked about why Ram-Leela was planned to be shot almost entirely in real locations and not sets, Bhansali said, "street rowdyism and gulli-mein-hungama, the desert and the lake" were elements present in the film. He contrasted the planned shooting with that of his previous venture Saawariya , which was entirely shot on sets constructed in
1099-400: A half stars out of five, writing, " Goliyon Ki Raasleela ought to be watched for multiple reasons: the electrifying chemistry between its lead actors, the strong dramatic content, the scintillating musical score, the violent streak in the narrative and of course, Sanjay Leela Bhansali's execution of the material." Meena Iyer of The Times of India gave the movie 4 out of 5 stars, stating that
1256-480: A kingdom. At the end of the Navaratri, comes Dussehra , where the effigies of Ravana, Kumbhakarna , and Indrajit are burnt to celebrate the victory of good ( Rama ) over evil forces. Elsewhere, during this religious observance, goddess Durga's war against deception and evil is remembered. A pot is installed (ghatasthapana) at a sanctified place at home. A lamp is kept lit in the pot for nine days. The pot symbolizes
1413-547: A larger amount are still used in Urdu poetry written in the Devanagari script. Many words borrowed from Persian in turn were loanwords from Arabic (e.g. muśkil "difficult", havā "air", x(a)yāl "thought", kitāb "book"). Hindi also makes extensive use of loan translation ( calqueing ) and occasionally phono-semantic matching of English . Many Hindustani words were derived from Portuguese due to interaction with colonists and missionaries: Navratri The Hindu calendar
1570-529: A literary language in the 19th century. Earliest examples could be found as Prēm Sāgar by Lallu Lal , Batiyāl Pachīsī of Sadal Misra, and Rānī Kētakī Kī Kahānī of Insha Allah Khan which were published in Devanagari script during the early 19th century. John Gilchrist was principally known for his study of the Hindustani language , which was adopted as the lingua franca of northern India (including what
1727-462: A love-relationship" and felt that it wasn't enough "to show a boy and a girl looking at one another when they fall in love". The lovers don't have sex together in the film as Bhansali felt the importance of showing the lovers "united completely in death". Terming Romeo and Juliet as "the mother of all love stories", Bhansali wanted to make a different story with it, one that was not yet explored in cinematic adaptations. While changing many aspects of
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#17328519022921884-465: A major social and public event in eastern and northeastern states of India, where it dominates the religious life. The occasion is celebrated with thousands of pandals (temporary stages) that are built in community squares, roadside shrines, and large Durga temples in West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, eastern Nepal, Assam, Tripura, and nearby regions. It is also observed by some Shakta Hindus as
2041-523: A medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India and to secure its enrichment by assimilating without interfering with its genius, the forms, style and expressions used in Hindustani and in the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages. It
2198-712: A notable pan-Hindu tradition during Navaratri is the adoration of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of knowledge, learning, music, and arts, through Ayudha Puja . On this day, which typically falls on the ninth day of Navaratri, peace and knowledge is celebrated. Warriors thank, decorate, and worship their weapons, offering prayers to Saraswati. Musicians upkeep, play, and pray their musical instruments. Farmers, carpenters, smiths, pottery makers, shopkeepers, and all sorts of tradespeople similarly decorate and worship their equipment, machinery, and tools of trade. Students visit their teachers, express respect, and seek their blessings. This tradition
2355-409: A part of the celebration. In Kerala , three days (Ashtami, Navami, and Vijayadashami ) of Sharada Navaratri are celebrated as Sarasvati Puja in which books are worshipped. The books are placed for Puja on Ashtami in their own houses, traditional nursery schools, or in temples. On Vijayadashami , the books are ceremoniously taken out for reading and writing after worshipping Sarasvati. Vijayadashami
2512-410: A part of the process of Sanskritisation , new words are coined using Sanskrit components to be used as replacements for supposedly foreign vocabulary. Usually these neologisms are calques of English words already adopted into spoken Hindi. Some terms such as dūrbhāṣ "telephone", literally "far-speech" and dūrdarśan "television", literally "far-sight" have even gained some currency in formal Hindi in
2669-413: A private, home-based festival. Durga Puja festival marks the victory of the goddess Durga in the battle against the shape-shifting, deceptive, and powerful buffalo demon Mahishasura . The festival begins with Mahalaya , a day where Shakta Hindus remember the loved ones who have died, as well the advent of the warrior goddess Durga. The next significant day of Durga Puja is called Shashthi, on which
2826-544: A second language. A Hindi proponent, Indian-born Paramananda Jha , was elected vice-president of Nepal. He took his oath of office in Hindi in July 2008. This created protests in the streets for 5 days; students burnt his effigies, and there was a general strike in 22 districts. Nepal Supreme Court ruled in 2009 that his oath in Hindi was invalid and he was kept "inactive" as vice-president. An "angry" Jha said, "I cannot be compelled to take
2983-521: A simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ). Outside India, several other languages are recognised officially as "Hindi" but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other nearby languages, such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which has an official status in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which
3140-615: A special appearance in the song " Ram Chahe Leela ". The supporting cast includes Supriya Pathak , Richa Chadda , Sharad Kelkar , Gulshan Devaiah , Barkha Bisht Sengupta , and Abhimanyu Singh . Based on the tragedy Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare , Ram-Leela narrates the star-crossed romance between the two eponymous lovers from two gangster families, who fall in love with each other, but are forced to separate due to their families' centuries old rivalry. Bhansali conceived Ram-Leela while working on his directional debut Khamoshi: The Musical ; an insufficient budget led to
3297-485: A specially-decorated colourful silver swing, known as Makhar, and for each of the nine nights, swinging Her to the tune of temple music (called as ranavadya ). This is locally called Makharotsav . The last night of the Goa Navaratri festival is a major celebration called the makhar arti . In Karnataka , Navaratri is observed at home and by lighting up Hindu temples, cultural sites, and many regal processions. It
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#17328519022923454-569: A standardised form of Hindustani separate from Urdu took form. In 1881, Bihar accepted Hindi as its sole official language, replacing Urdu, and thus became the first state of India to adopt Hindi. However, in 2014, Urdu was accorded second official language status in the state. After independence, the Government of India instituted the following conventions: On 14 September 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted Hindi written in
3611-464: A strict protein diet which involved eating every 2 hours. He managed to get the required look in 6 weeks. He was put on a diet of fish, broccoli, turkey and green tea and was prevented from eating roti, rice or sweets. Singh said, "I had to work out one hour in the morning and one hour in the evening. I would work out at 5 in the morning, start shooting from 9, shoot for the entire day till 6 pm and then return to workout for an hour again." He felt that
3768-415: A studio. Labelling outdoor shooting as "a big challenge" he added that shooting with different kinds of architecture was "interesting". He felt that putting the lead pair in a real space was "liberating" and that he reacted to spaces "very differently", while noting that parts of Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam and Guzaarish were shot on real locations. Despite the intent to shoot the film in real locations, most of
3925-494: A village in Kutch, making his clothes have duality. According to Basu, "for every ripped jeans or boots he sports, you also see him flaunting a kediyu and kohl-rimmed eyes." The jeans worn by Singh in "Tattad Tattad" were personally worked on by Basu; she ripped the jeans and added the embellishments herself. Modi journeyed to the Bhoj region of Kutch and bought pieces of antique textiles from
4082-868: A year. Of these, the Sharada Navaratri near the September equinox (the autumn equinox in September–October) is the most celebrated and the Vasanta Navaratri near the March equinox (the spring equinox in March–April) is the next most significant to the culture of the Indian subcontinent. In all cases, Navaratri falls in the bright half (waxing phase ) of the Hindu lunisolar months . The celebrations vary by region, leaving much to
4239-642: Is a standard register of the Hindustani language; additionally, Indian media are widely viewed in Pakistan. A sizeable population in Afghanistan , especially in Kabul , can also speak and understand Hindi-Urdu due to the popularity and influence of Bollywood films, songs and actors in the region. Hindi is also spoken by a large population of Madheshis (people having roots in north-India but having migrated to Nepal over hundreds of years) of Nepal . Apart from this, Hindi
4396-571: Is a vagabond who deals in stolen cars and pornography but his goal is to make a truce with the other clan. During Holi , Ram boldly enters the Sanera house and flirts with Leela. The two fall in love and plan to elope, but a grim turn of events follows when Leela's elder brother, Kanji Bhai, accidentally kills Ram's brother, and is, in turn, killed by Ram. Ram and Leela elope and marry anyway but before they can consummate their marriage, Ram's friends betray him by informing Leela's family of their location. She
4553-702: Is a very important tithi and considered as the birthday of Mahishasura mardini rupa of Chandi . On the last day of the festival also known as Navami (ninth day), people pray to Siddhidhatri ("Giver of Perfection"). Sitting on a lotus, she is believed to possess and bestows all types of Siddhis. She mainly bestows nine types of siddhis– anima (the ability to reduce one's body to the size of an atom), mahima (the ability to expand one's body to an infinitely large size), garima (the ability to become heavy or dense), laghima (the ability to become weightless or lighter than air), prapti (the ability to realize whatever one desires), prakamya (the ability to access any place in
4710-460: Is also one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary, standard Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani, as both Hindi and Urdu share a core vocabulary base derived from Prakrit (a descendant of Sanskrit). Hindi is also spoken, to a lesser extent, in other parts of India (usually in
4867-409: Is an official language of Gujarat , along with Gujarati . It acts as an additional official language of West Bengal in blocks and sub-divisions with more than 10% of the population speaking Hindi. Similarly, Hindi is accorded the status of official language in the following Union Territories : Delhi , Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu . Although there
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5024-476: Is associated to an incarnation of the goddess: Pratipada, also known as the first day, is associated with the form Shailaputri ("Daughter of Mountain"), an incarnation of Parvati . It is in this form that Durga is worshipped as the daughter of Himavan (the Guardian God of Himalaya). She is depicted as riding the bull, Nandi , with a trishula in her right hand and lotus flower in her left. Shailaputri
5181-542: Is based on the language that was spoken in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab ( Delhi , Meerut and Saharanpur ) called Khariboli ; the vernacular of Delhi and the surrounding region came to replace earlier prestige languages such as Awadhi and Braj . Standard Hindi was developed by supplanting foreign loanwords from the Hindustani language and replacing them with Sanskrit words, though Standard Hindi does continue to possess several Persian loanwords. Modern Hindi became
5338-399: Is believed that one side of Shiva's body is that of Siddhidatri. Therefore, he is also known by the name of Ardhanarishwara . According to Vedic scriptures, Shiva attained all the siddhis by worshipping this goddess. In most parts of India, tools and weapons are worshipped in a ritual called Ayudha Puja . Many businesses also grant a holiday to their employees on this day. Vijayadashami
5495-511: Is believed to represent prayer and assurance of the goddess's protection to the devotees from harm. Mahagauri symbolizes intelligence and peace. It is believed when Kaalaratri took a bath in the Ganga river, she gained a warmer complexion. The colour associated with this day is pink which depicts optimism. She is celebrated on Ashtami (eighth day). In eastern India, Maha Astami is observed on this day and starting with pushpanjali , kumari puja etc. It
5652-623: Is borrowed from Sanskrit as tatsam borrowings, especially in technical and academic fields. The formal Hindi standard, from which much of the Persian, Arabic and English vocabulary has been replaced by neologisms compounding tatsam words, is called Śuddh Hindi (pure Hindi), and is viewed as a more prestigious dialect over other more colloquial forms of Hindi. Excessive use of tatsam words sometimes creates problems for native speakers. They may have Sanskrit consonant clusters which do not exist in Hindustani, causing difficulties in pronunciation. As
5809-509: Is celebrated as the Durga Puja festival by Bengali Hindus , Assamese people , Bihari people , Tripuri people , Maithils , Nepalese people , Bhutanese people , Burmese people , Odia people as well as some minor tribal ethnicities in Bangladesh and India such as Santal people , Chakma people , Manipuri people and others. It is the most important annual festival to Bengali Hindus and
5966-625: Is celebrated commonly by both Bangladesh's Bengali and non-Bengali Hindu communities. Many Bengali Muslims also take part in the festivities. In Dhaka, the Dhakeshwari Temple puja attracts visitors and devotees. In Nepal , the festivities are celebrated as Dashain . In North India, Navaratri is marked by the numerous Ramlila events, where episodes from the story of Rama and Ravana are enacted by teams of artists in rural and urban centers, inside temples, or in temporarily constructed stages. This Hindu tradition of festive performance arts
6123-464: Is celebrated on Shashti (sixth day). In eastern India, Maha Shashti is observed on this day and starting of shardiya Durga Puja. Considered the most ferocious form of Durga, Kalaratri is revered on saptami. It is believed that Parvati removed her pale skin to kill the asuras Shumbha and Nishumbha . The colour of the day is royal blue. The goddess is depicted in a red-coloured attire or tiger skin with enraged and fiery eyes and dark skin. The red colour
6280-455: Is commonly used to specifically refer the modern literary Hindi language, as opposed to colloquial and regional varieties that are also referred to as Hindi in a wider sense . Like other Indo-Aryan languages, Hindi is a direct descendant of an early form of Vedic Sanskrit , through Shauraseni Prakrit and Śauraseni Apabhraṃśa (from Sanskrit apabhraṃśa "corrupt"), which emerged in the 7th century CE. The sound changes that characterised
6437-419: Is considered auspicious for initiating the children into writing and reading, which is called Vidyarambham . The Vidyarambham day tradition starts with the baby or child sitting on the lap of an elderly person such as the grandfather, near images of Saraswati and Ganesha. The elder writes a letter and the child writes the same with his or her index finger. Navaratri celebrations vary across Maharashtra and
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6594-456: Is considered to be the direct incarnation of Mahakali . The colour of the day is yellow , which depicts action and vigor. She is also considered to be a reincarnation of Sati (Shiva's first wife, who then reincarnates as Parvati) and is also known as Hemavati. On Dwitiya (second day), Goddess Brahmacharini ("Unmarried One"), another incarnation of Parvati, is worshipped. In this form, Parvati became Yogini, her unmarried self. Brahmacharini
6751-468: Is dedicated to Saraswati , in which military personnel upkeep their weapons and families upkeep their tools of livelihood, both offering a prayer to Saraswati, as well as Parvati and Lakshmi. The day after Navaratri, on Vijayadashami , the traditional Dasara procession is held on the streets of Mysore. An image of the Goddess Chamundeshwari is placed on a golden saddle ( hauda ) on the back of
6908-402: Is depicted riding a ferocious lion , having four arms, and holding her baby. Born to sage Katyayana , she is an incarnation of Durga which killed the buffalo-demon, Mahisa and is shown to exhibit courage which is symbolized by the colour red. Known as the warrior goddess, she is considered one of the most violent forms of Devi. In this avatar, Katyayani rides a lion and has four hands. She
7065-411: Is forcibly taken back home by Bhavani, her cousin, while Ram is hailed a hero by his clan for soiling her reputation. He is rewarded by being made the new chieftain. Leela's mother, Dhankor Baa, arranges her engagement with an NRI . Leela refuses, citing Ram's wedding ring she wears; in response, her mother chops off Leela's finger. Upon learning of this, Ram chops off his own finger. Leela sends Rasila,
7222-413: Is increasingly the case, who steals the show with pure, deliberate, ferocious star power. The striking thing about her performance as Leela is how tightly coiled and tense it seems; she's ready at a moment's notice to kiss or kill (or both), never passive, never merely a photographic subject." Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN gave the film three and a half stars out of five and appreciated the chemistry between
7379-516: Is locally called Dasara and it is the state festival ( Naadahabba ) of Karnataka. Of the many celebrations, the Mysuru Dasara is a major one and is popular for its festivities. The contemporary Dasara festivities at Mysore are credited to the efforts of King Raja Wodeyar I in 1610. On the ninth day of Dasara , called Mahanavami , the royal sword is worshipped and is taken on a procession of decorated elephants and horses. Also, Ayudha Puja
7536-429: Is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day is uniquely identified by three calendar elements: māsa (lunar month), pakṣa (lunar fortnight) and tithi (lunar day). Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz. amānta / pūrṇimānta . If a festival falls in the waning phase of the moon, these two traditions identify
7693-518: Is mirror to a hand with bangles, What is Persian to a literate. The emergence of Modern Standard Hindi in the 19th century went along with the Sanskritisation of its vocabulary, leading to a marginalisation of Persian vocabulary in Hindi, which continued after Partition when the Indian government co-opted the policy of Sanskritisation. However, many Persian words (e.g. bas "enough", khud "self") have remained entrenched in Standard Hindi, and
7850-597: Is no specification of a national language in the constitution, it is a widely held belief that Hindi is the national language of India. This is often a source of friction and contentious debate. In 2010, the Gujarat High Court clarified that Hindi is not the national language of India because the constitution does not mention it as such. Outside Asia , the Awadhi language (an Eastern Hindi dialect) with influence from Bhojpuri , Bihari languages , Fijian and English
8007-513: Is now present-day Pakistan ) by British colonists and indigenous people. He compiled and authored An English-Hindustani Dictionary , A Grammar of the Hindoostanee Language , The Oriental Linguist , and many more. His lexicon of Hindustani was published in the Perso-Arabic script , Nāgarī script , and in Roman transliteration .In the late 19th century, a movement to further develop Hindi as
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#17328519022928164-417: Is observed during the lunar month of Magha (January–February). This Navaratri is also known as Gupt (secret) Navaratri. The fifth day of this festival is often independently observed as Vasant Panchami or Basant Panchami , the official start of spring in the Hindu tradition, where in goddess Saraswati is revered through arts, music, writing, and kite flying. In some regions, the Hindu god of love, Kama
8321-483: Is observed for different reasons and celebrated differently in various parts of the Indian subcontinent. In the southern, eastern, northeastern, and some northern states of India, Vijayadashami marks the end of Durga Puja, commemorating goddess Durga's victory against the buffalo-demon Mahishasura to restore and protect dharma. Dussehra, in Hinduism, is a holiday marking the triumph of Rama, an avatar of Lord Vishnu , over
8478-457: Is particularly strong in South India, but is observed elsewhere too. Chaitra Navaratri , also called Vasantha Navaratri , is the second most celebrated Navaratri, named after vasanta which means spring. It is observed during the lunar month of Chaitra (March–April). The festival is devoted to goddess Durga , whose nine forms are worshipped on nine days. The last day is also Rama Navami ,
8635-413: Is revered. Magha Navaratri is observed regionally or by individuals. Ashada Navaratri, also known as Gupta Navaratri, is observed during the lunar month of Ashadha (June–July), during the start of the monsoon season. Ashada Navaratri is observed regionally or by individuals. The festival is associated to the prominent battle that took place between Durga and the demon Mahishasura to celebrate
8792-526: Is set in Gujarat . In Udaipur, Singh shot a song sequence in freezing cold water for about 45 minutes. Padukone was injured on set; however she had to continue shooting as an expensive set was put up at Film City for the song "Nagada Sang Dhol." Sanjay Leela Bhansali had set up a gym on the sets in Filmcity Mumbai for the lead actor Ranveer Singh to not be late for the shooting and to avoid any delays for
8949-713: Is spoken by the large Indian diaspora which hails from, or has its origin from the "Hindi Belt" of India. A substantially large North Indian diaspora lives in countries like the United States of America , the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates , Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, South Africa, Fiji and Mauritius , where it is natively spoken at home and among their own Hindustani-speaking communities. Outside India, Hindi speakers are 8 million in Nepal ; 863,077 in
9106-459: Is spoken in Suriname , Trinidad and Tobago , and Guyana . Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world, after Mandarin, Spanish and English. If counted together with the mutually intelligible Urdu, it is the third most-spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English. According to reports of Ethnologue (2022, 25th edition) Hindi is the third most-spoken language in
9263-477: Is spoken in Fiji. It is an official language in Fiji as per the 1997 Constitution of Fiji, where it referred to it as "Hindustani"; however, in the 2013 Constitution of Fiji , it is simply called " Fiji Hindi " as the official language. It is spoken by 380,000 people in Fiji. Hindi is spoken as a first language by about 77,569 people in Nepal according to the 2011 Nepal census , and further by 1,225,950 people as
9420-453: Is that of a mujrewali or courtesan... since the characteristics of a mujrewali are understood – they are sexy, desirable – the outfit I made for Priyanka was very fitted to the body but still had to look Gujarati." Initially shot in Gujarat , some sequences of Ram-Leela were shot in Udaipur , particularly at Udaipur palace and Gangaur Ghat where a song sequence was shot. The story of the film
9577-565: Is the standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in Devanagari script . It is the official language of India alongside English and the lingua franca of North India . Hindi is considered a Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas. It is an official language in nine states and three union territories and an additional official language in three other states. Hindi
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#17328519022929734-854: Is the dominant form of Hindi online. In an analysis of YouTube comments, Palakodety et al., identified that 52% of comments were in Romanised Hindi, 46% in English, and 1% in Devanagari Hindi. Traditionally, Hindi words are divided into five principal categories according to their etymology: Hindi has naturally inherited a large portion of its vocabulary from Shauraseni Prakrit , in the form of tadbhava words. This process usually involves compensatory lengthening of vowels preceding consonant clusters in Prakrit, e.g. Sanskrit tīkṣṇa > Prakrit tikkha > Hindi tīkhā . Much of Standard Hindi's vocabulary
9891-399: Is worshipped for emancipation or moksha and endowment of peace and prosperity. Depicted as walking bare feet and holding a rudrakshmala (japmala) and a kamandala (water pot) in her hands, she symbolizes bliss and calm. White is the colour code of this day. The orange colour which depicts tranquility is sometimes used so that strong energy flows everywhere. Tritiya (third day) commemorates
10048-566: Is written in the Devanagari script, an abugida . Devanagari consists of 11 vowels and 33 consonants and is written from left to right. Unlike Sanskrit, Devanagari is not entirely phonetic for Hindi, especially failing to mark schwa deletion in spoken Standard Hindi. The Government of India uses Hunterian transliteration as its official system of writing Hindi in the Latin script. Various other systems also exist, such as IAST , ITRANS and ISO 15919 . Romanised Hindi , also called Hinglish ,
10205-575: The Hindi Belt ), as well as an official language of the Government of India, along with English. In Northeast India a pidgin known as Haflong Hindi has developed as a lingua franca for the people living in Haflong , Assam who speak other languages natively. In Arunachal Pradesh , Hindi emerged as a lingua franca among locals who speak over 50 dialects natively. Hindi is quite easy to understand for many Pakistanis , who speak Urdu, which, like Hindi,
10362-686: The Magha Month (Magha Gupta Navaratri) and another starting in the Shukla Paksha Pratipada of Ashadha Month. The word Navaratri means "nine nights" in Sanskrit , nava meaning "nine" and ratri meaning "nights". In the eastern and northeastern states of India , the Durga Puja is synonymous with Navaratri , wherein goddess Durga battles and emerges victorious over the buffalo demon Mahishasura to help restore dharma . In southern states,
10519-814: The United States of America ; 450,170 in Mauritius; 380,000 in Fiji; 250,292 in South Africa; 150,000 in Suriname; 100,000 in Uganda ; 45,800 in the United Kingdom; 20,000 in New Zealand ; 20,000 in Germany ; 26,000 in Trinidad and Tobago; 3,000 in Singapore . Linguistically , Hindi and Urdu are two registers of the same language and are mutually intelligible. Both Hindi and Urdu share
10676-535: The garbo significance is celebrated through performance arts on all nine days. The most visible is group dances called Garba accompanied by live orchestra, seasonal raga , or devotional songs. It is a folk dance where people of different background and skills join and form concentric circles. The circles can grow or shrink, reaching sizes of hundreds or thousands of people, dancing and clapping in circular moves in their traditional attire. The garba dance sometimes deploys dandiyas (sticks), coordinated movements and
10833-410: The "craft traditions and folk culture" of houses in the Kutch region of Gujarat. Khan found the experience of creating sets for Ram-Leela "different" from his previous films. Bhansali and Khan spent about 2–3 months observing locations and discussed references and drawings. According to Khan, despite the decision to shoot half of the film on the sets and the other half in real locations, 90 per cent of
10990-501: The 10-headed demon king Ravana , who abducted Rama’s wife, Sita . The festival’s name is derived from the Sanskrit words dasha (“ten”) and hara (“defeat”). Symbolizing the victory of good over evil, Dussehra is celebrated on the 10th day of the month of Ashvina (September–October), the seventh month of the Hindu calendar, with the appearance of the full moon, an event called the “bright fortnight” ( shukla paksha ). Dussehra coincides with
11147-612: The 50th birthday of Beohar Rajendra Simha on 14 September 1949, the efforts came to fruition following the adoption of Hindi as the official language. Now, it is celebrated as Hindi Day . Part XVII of the Indian Constitution deals with the official language of the Indian Union. Under Article 343, the official languages of the Union have been prescribed, which includes Hindi in Devanagari script and English: (1) The official language of
11304-623: The Devanagari script as the official language of the Republic of India replacing the previous usage of Hindustani in the Perso-Arabic script in the British Indian Empire . To this end, several stalwarts rallied and lobbied pan-India in favour of Hindi, most notably Beohar Rajendra Simha along with Hazari Prasad Dwivedi , Kaka Kalelkar , Maithili Sharan Gupt and Seth Govind Das who even debated in Parliament on this issue. As such, on
11461-402: The Hindi heartland. Persian borrowings reached a heyday in the 17th century, pervading all aspects of life. Even grammatical constructs, namely the izafat , were assimilated into Hindi. The status of Persian language then and thus its influence, is also visible in Hindi proverbs : हाथ कंगन को आरसी क्या, पढ़े लिखे को फ़ारसी क्या। Hāth kaṅgan ko ārsī kyā, Paṛhe likhe ko Fārsī kyā. What
11618-513: The Hindu/Indian people') was often used in the past, for example by Amir Khusrau in his poetry. The terms Hindi and Hindu trace back to Old Persian which derived these names from the Sanskrit name Sindhu ( सिन्धु ), referring to the Indus River . The Greek cognates of the same terms are Indus (for the river) and India (for the land of the river). The term Modern Standard Hindi
11775-530: The Official Languages Act of 1963, which provided for the continued use of English indefinitely for all official purposes, although the constitutional directive for the Union Government to encourage the spread of Hindi was retained and has strongly influenced its policies. Article 344 (2b) stipulates that the official language commission shall be constituted every ten years to recommend steps for
11932-542: The President may, during the said period, by order authorise the use of the Hindi language in addition to the English language and of the Devanagari form of numerals in addition to the international form of Indian numerals for any of the official purposes of the Union. Article 351 of the Indian constitution states: It shall be the duty of the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language, to develop it so that it may serve as
12089-513: The Rajadis are killed, and the village is on the brink of war. Ram and Leela realise that they can never be together like this and shoot one another dead, oblivious to the fact that Dhankor Baa has had a change of heart and killed Bhavani, ordering that peace be made with the clans. She is too late to save the lovers and the two clans come together to cremate their bodies. Bhansali conceived Ram-Leela while directing Khamoshi: The Musical . The latter
12246-464: The Sharada Navaratri culminates in Durga Puja and Vijayadashami . In the past, Shakta Hindus used to recite Durga's legends during the Chaitra Navaratri around the spring equinox . For most contemporary Hindus, it is the Navaratri around the autumn equinox that is the major festival and the one observed. To Bengali Hindus and to Shakta Hindus outside of eastern and northeastern states of India,
12403-460: The Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals. (2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (1), for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, the English language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement: Provided that
12560-457: The birth of Lord Rama. It is the largest cattle trading fair and attracts a large handicraft market in pottery, kitchen, and housewares, as well as traditional clothing. Festive performance arts and celebrations are held at the local Hindu temple dedicated to Sita, Hanuman, Durga, and Ganesha. Navaratri in Gujarat is one of the state's main festivals. The traditional celebrations include fasting for
12717-792: The birthday of Rama . For this reason, it is also called Rama Navaratri by some people. In many regions, the festival falls after spring harvest, and in others, during harvest. It also marks the first day of the Hindu lunisolar calendar, also known as the Hindu Lunar New Year, according to the Vikram Samvat calendar. Chaitra Navaratri is called Navreh by the Kashmiri Pandits , Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra and Ugadi in Andhra Pradesh , Telangana and Karnataka . Magha Navaratri
12874-499: The blame on the Rajadis. With her mother injured, Leela is made chieftain. She bitterly carries out a negotiation with Ram, dividing the travel routes and trades, with the condition that the Saneras and Rajadis will never interact again. Bhavani deceives Leela into signing a document that orders the killing of the entire Rajadi clan. During Dusshera , as the Ramlila parade is ending, many of
13031-427: The character Ram does not depict the Hindu god. Speaking about the influence of his childhood environment on the film, Bhansali said that his family members used to speak "the most outrageously uninhibited things as though they were the most natural". He felt that the language heard by him were idioms for the current generation, who speak directly. Bhansali found it "very liberating to explore the union of body and mind in
13188-424: The costume worn by Padukone in the song "Ishqyaun Dhishqyaun" was over 100 years old. Jewellery was taken from Amrapali Jewels, who lend their antique archives for shooting; these were not for sale. The dialogues of the film were written by Sr. Manager Sawan Vyas After Modi was finalised as the costume designer, she was sent the script for studying the character of Leela. According to Modi, Leela's costumes changed as
13345-448: The costumes, recces, shoot days, editing, subtitling, and post production. After writing the initial screenplay draft, Siddarth-Garima were sent to Gujarat for researching dialect, slang and accent. Rhyming couplets from Romeo and Juliet were translated into Hindi and used in the film, with more emphasis on innuendo and humour as they felt that the elements were "overshadowed" by tragedy in the original play. Pakistani actor Imran Abbas
13502-427: The creative power of the universe, Kushmanda is associated with the endowment of vegetation on earth, and hence, the colour of the day is green. She is depicted as having eight arms and sits on a tiger. Skandamata , the goddess worshipped on Panchami (fifth day), is the mother of Skanda (or Kartikeya ). The green colour is symbolic of the transforming strength of a mother when her child is confronted with danger. She
13659-478: The creativity and preferences of the Hindu. Sharada Navaratri is the most celebrated of the four Navaratri, named after Sharada which means autumn. It commences on the first day ( pratipada ) of the bright fortnight of the lunar month of Ashvini . The festival is celebrated for nine nights once every year during this month, which typically falls in the Gregorian months of September and October. The exact dates of
13816-460: The culmination of the nine-day Navratri festival and with the tenth day of the Durga Puja festival. For many, it marks the beginning of preparation for Diwali , which occurs 20 days after Dussehra. Navaratri is celebrated in different ways throughout India. Certain people revere different aspects of Durga and some people fast while others feast. The Chaitra Navaratri culminates in Ram Navami and
13973-410: The fact he didn't consume alcohol more than once or twice a year helped him to achieve the result before the required date. Padukone was shown wearing a 30 kg ghagra with a 50-metre 'ghera' in the first look of Ram-Leela . Padukone felt that the film was "tough" for her, stating that it was "mentally, physically, and emotionally demanding" for her. She attributes Bhansali's perfectionist outlook as
14130-519: The festival are determined according to the Hindu lunisolar calendar, and sometimes the festival may be held for a day more or a day less depending on the adjustments for sun and moon movements and the leap year. In many regions, the festival falls after the autumn harvest, and in others, during harvest. The festivities extend beyond goddess Durga and various other goddesses such as Saraswati and Lakshmi . Deities such as Ganesha , Kartikeya , Shiva , and Parvati are regionally revered. For example,
14287-404: The fictional Gujarati village Ranjhaar, infamous for its uninhibited manufacture and sale of arms and ammunition, two clans—Rajadi and Sanera—have been at odds with each other for the past 500 years. A violent altercation occurs after Bhavani, a Sanera, fires at the son of Meghji Bhai, a Rajadi chieftain. Bhavani is almost killed by Meghji Bhai, but Ram, Meghji Bhai's younger brother, intervenes. Ram
14444-497: The film "all body and no soul." Raja Sen gave one star out of five and called the film "an overplotted, bloody mess", criticising the dialogues as "very poor... awful rhymes alternated with soap-operatic exposition". He criticised Singh's performance, while calling Padukone "something worth staring at". Ram-Leela collected ₹ 1.52 billion in India and ₹ 491 million, for a total worldwide gross of ₹ 2.01 billion. As of February 2018,
14601-504: The film "first-rate" and praised the visuals and performances of Singh and Padukone, labelling it "one of the finest performances of their careers." However, she found certain portions "a little hard to believe". Anupama Chopra of Hindustan Times gave the movie 3 out of 5 stars and writes: "Deepika has stolen the show from her heroes, but this one, I think, belongs to Ranveer. He’s flamboyant and cheerfully vulgar but also vulnerable and broken." Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express gave
14758-541: The film ended up shot on sets due to difficulties to shoot action sequences in real locations. Some of the sets were created in Reliance and Film City . Interior sets were created at Reliance while an exterior set used to show the mohallas, streets and markets was set in Film City. Khan and Bhansali travelled through villages in Gujarat and got references from the lifestyle, costumes and markets, which were used for putting together
14915-489: The film has "nice doses of raunch and ras" and praised the performances of the cast and "precision" of certain scenes, while noting that the build up of romance could have been better. Writing for Firstpost , Mihir Fadnavis said, "The direction, outstanding production design, gorgeous cinematography are supported by a surprisingly strong cast, and Padukone is a wild-eyed anchor in a sea of formula. Three years ago you'd never have expected her to improve so drastically and command
15072-535: The film is the fifth highest grossing Indian film of 2015 in India, the sixth highest grossing Indian film of 2015 overseas, and the fifth highest grossing Indian film of 2015 worldwide. Ram-Leela had a strong first day with collections of over ₹ 155 million (US$ 1.9 million) despite limited release due to controversies. The film grossed ₹ 165 million (US$ 2.0 million) on Saturday and ₹ 180 million (US$ 2.2 million) on Sunday to take its first weekend domestic total to ₹ 500 million (US$ 6.0 million),
15229-408: The film progressed: "the attire becomes more mature and darker and she’s shown in closed neck, long blouses." For the song 'Lahu Munh Lag Gaya', antique Kutch fabric was woven in the skirt worn by Padukone that showed through. For the promotional poster, Modi created a 30 kilo lehenga. Modi also designed Chopra's costume, speaking of the difference with Padukone's costume, she said, "Priyanka’s character
15386-541: The film was created. Divya Goya of Indian Express writes, "The film promises to be high on drama and violence as this time 'Love is at War'." It also attracted praise from actor Amitabh Bachchan . Some religious groups opposed the movie claiming that the former title Ramleela was misleading because the movie had nothing to do with Ramlila , traditional enactment of the life and story of Hindu deity, Lord Rama . A local court in Mumbai has issued an "ex-parte ad-interim stay" over
15543-499: The film was shot on sets due to difficulties. The soundtrack album is composed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali , which is his second film after Guzaarish (2010), and lyrics were written by Siddharth–Garima. Monty Sharma composed the background score. The album features eleven songs, except one track " Mor Bani Thanghat Kare " is a 1944 Gujarati song translated by Jhaverchand Meghani and composed by Hemu Gadhavi . The remaining tracks were composed by Bhansali himself. The soundtrack album
15700-431: The film, Bhansali kept the theme of "misunderstanding between star-crossed lovers", while transposing them to another level. The idea of a feud between two families that destroys everything really appealed to him. According to Bhansali, "the whole execution of Shakespeare is more flirtatious and voluptuous" and he felt his film was the best interpretation of Romeo and Juliet. When asked about the extensive violence and guns in
15857-486: The film, he said that violence is "an integral part" of Romeo and Juliet, also stating how important it was for a filmmaker "to get out of his comfort zone". The screenplay was written by writing duo Siddharth-Garima. Producer Sandip Ssingh offered the duo three films; they chose Ram-Leela over the other two. They were impressed by its outline and felt that it was similar to Australian writer Baz Luhrmann 's films. In addition to writing, they collaborated with Bhansali for
16014-414: The film, shooting took place at Lake Pichola. While shooting the song Ram Chahe Leela with Chopra, she rehearsed the Indian choreography within four days and completed her shoot. Singh shot Ram-Leela simultaneously with Gunday ; due to an injury from shooting Gunday , Bhansali had to postpone the shoot of some scenes. In February 2013, the cinematographer Ravi Varman injured himself on set and suffered
16171-512: The film. After this unpleasant experience with Bhansali, Chopra stopped talking to Bhansali, as confirmed by the CEO of Bhansali Productions. In August 2012, Padukone had publicly expressed her desire to be a part of the film. After wrapping the filming of his previous film Lootera , Singh confirmed that he was signed on for the film in August 2012. In an interview Bhansali revealed that he met Padukone with
16328-450: The film. However, Kapoor walked out of the film 10 days before the shoot began and instead did Dharma Productions 's romantic comedy Gori Tere Pyaar Mein . With already-complete sets and an approaching filming schedule, Bhansali approached Priyanka Chopra who agreed to do the film. Chopra was officially cast for Leela in July 2012 and was to start filming in August. However, before the filming started Bhansali brought Deepika Padukone in
16485-403: The kind of energy she does now." Shubha Shetty-Saha of Mid-Day gave four stars out of five and labelled the film "a must watch", praising the performances of Pathak, Padukone, Singh, Kelkar, Chaddha and Bisht but felt that Devaviah's talent "seems wasted". Writing for RogerEbert.com , Danny Bowes gave the film 3 out of 4 stars and praised Padukone's performance, writing, "It is Padukone, as
16642-531: The last 125 years, there are no academic studies of any of them – of their use in South Africa, their evolution and current decline. Hindi is adopted as the third official court language in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi . As a result of this status, the Indian workforce in UAE can file their complaints to the labour courts in the country in their own mother-tongue. Hindi is the lingua franca of northern India (which contains
16799-734: The latter. In UAE-GCC, the movie opened with AED 1.3 million (approximately ₹ 22.2 million). It also collected £87,000 (approximately ₹ 8.826 million) in the UK on Friday, debuting at #9 in the chart and two days' collection in New Zealand stands at NZ$ 12,869 ( ₹ 673,000). The film's overseas figures were around the $ 4 million mark in the first weekend. The collections abroad are $ 7.25 million in seventeen days. Ram-Leela collected US$ 7.6 million overseas after its fourth weekend. Hindi Modern Standard Hindi ( आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी , Ādhunik Mānak Hindī ), commonly referred to as Hindi ,
16956-489: The lead pair, writing "Deepika and Ranveer scorch up the screen in their romantic scenes, their intense passion a bold change from Bollywood's mostly tame embraces", and called the film "far more engaging than the lazy blockbusters we've seen lately." David Chute of Variety praised the dance numbers, writing, "The most effective sequences the two stars have together are the large-scale dance numbers, which are beautifully and imaginatively staged." Sarita Tanwar of DNA gave
17113-405: The legend, enacting of the story, and chanting of the scriptures of Hinduism . The nine days are also a major crop season cultural event, such as competitive design and staging of pandals , a family visit to these pandals, and the public celebration of classical and folk dances of Hindu culture. Hindu devotees often celebrate Navaratri by fasting. On the final day, called Vijayadashami ,
17270-529: The local community welcomes the goddess Durga and festive celebrations are inaugurated. On the seventh (Saptami), eighth (Ashtami), and ninth (Navami) day, Durga, along with Lakshmi, Saraswati, Ganesha, and Kartikeya, are revered. These days mark the main Puja (worship) which is performed by the recitation of scriptures, legends of Durga in the Devi Mahatmya, and social visits by families to temples and pandals . On
17427-535: The month of Ashvin (September–October). It is observed for different reasons and celebrated differently in various parts of the Hindu Indian cultural sphere . Theoretically, there are four seasonal Navaratris . However, in practice, it is the post-monsoon autumn festival called Sharada Navaratri. There are 2 Gupta Navaratris or "Secret Navaratris" as well, one starting on the Shukla Paksha Pratipada of
17584-414: The movie 2.5 out of 5 stars, concluding "'Ram-Leela' creates a couple that ignites the screen, and most of the time when these two are on screen, you keep watching. It's when the guns come on, and the gun-masters start roaring and shouting, that the love-story drowns, and everything gets both too noisy and too choreographed." Writing for NDTV , Saibal Chatterjee gave the film two stars out of five and calls
17741-414: The movie 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Ram Leela is a lovely mixture of the familiar and the fresh. The technical aspects of the film are extraordinary: breath-taking sets, spellbinding cinematography, perfect music and a wonderful supporting cast. Deepika is perfect in every scene. Ranveer has surrendered to the director's vision and delivers a power-packed performance." Gayatri Shankar of Zee News called
17898-634: The movie, so Jadeja and Rabari community titles were changed to Saneda and Rajadi . On 21 November 2013, Lucknow bench of Allahabad High Court banned the movie in Uttar Pradesh . Ram-Leela had its television premiere on Set Max . It also notably competed at the 2014 Pyongyang International Film Festival in North Korea in the main Best Film category. Ram-Leela received positive critical reviews. Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama gave four and
18055-399: The movie. The budget of the film has been estimated to be between ₹ 350 million (US$ 4.2 million) and ₹ 850 million (US$ 10 million). For the song 'Tattad Tattad', Singh had 30 trials for his costume, after which Bhansali suggested that he shoot shirtless. The classic balcony and conflict scenes were among those that were recreated from Romeo and Juliet. For a few boat sequences in
18212-402: The muscles she had developed for playing Mary Kom Wasiq Khan was the production designer for Ram-Leela . Khan finished working on Rowdy Rathore , a film produced by Bhansali, when he was called for Ram-Leela . According to Khan, Bhansali sometimes took 3 to 5 hours for one shot to achieve "perfection". Since Bhansali wanted to focus on Gujarat's architecture and royal havelis, the film
18369-641: The oath now in Nepali. I might rather take it in English." Hindi is a protected language in South Africa . According to the Constitution of South Africa , the Pan South African Language Board must promote and ensure respect for Hindi along with other languages. According to a doctoral dissertation by Rajend Mesthrie in 1985, although Hindi and other Indian languages have existed in South Africa for
18526-569: The official language of the imperial court during the reign of Shah Jahan . It is recorded that Emperor Aurangzeb spoke in Hindvi . The Hindustani vernacular became an expression of Indian national unity during the Indian Independence movement , and continues to be spoken as the common language of the people of the northern Indian subcontinent, which is reflected in the Hindustani vocabulary of Bollywood films and songs. Standard Hindi
18683-428: The people." The film was dedicated to Bhansali's mother Leela. According to him, Ram-Leela was his "most violent film" at that point, while the filmmaking style was similar to his previous directional ventures Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam and Devdas . Bhansali called it a "desi adaptation" of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Romeo and Juliet . He clarified that Ram-Leela is not related to Rama or Krishna and that
18840-483: The place of the English borrowings (ṭeli)fon and ṭīvī . Hindi also features significant Persian influence, standardised from spoken Hindustani . Early borrowings, beginning in the mid-12th century, were specific to Islam (e.g. Muhammad , Islām ) and so Persian was simply an intermediary for Arabic. Later, under the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire , Persian became the primary administrative language in
18997-693: The plot and the elements of violence though. Ram-Leela earned ₹ 220.58 crore in its theatrical run and emerged as the sixth highest-grossing Hindi film of 2013 . Ram-Leela received eight nominations at the Filmfare Awards , winning three, including the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for Padukone and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for Pathak. At the International Indian Film Academy Awards , it received nine nominations, including for Best Film, and won two. In
19154-522: The progressive use of Hindi language and impose restrictions on the use of the English language by the union government. In practice, the official language commissions are constantly endeavouring to promote Hindi but not imposing restrictions on English in official use by the union government. At the state level, Hindi is the official language of the following Indian states: Bihar , Chhattisgarh , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh , Jharkhand , Madhya Pradesh , Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand . Hindi
19311-437: The project being postponed. After reviving the project in 2012, Padukone and Singh were cast in the lead roles over many other choices. Principal photography began in Gujarat before moving to Rajasthan. Much of the filming was done on sets, despite previous plans against doing so. The background score was composed by Monty Sharma, while the lyrics were written by Siddharth–Garima. The film's release, scheduled on 15 November 2013,
19468-522: The reason, while admitting she became emotional on the set. For the song Nagada Song Dhol, Padukone had to learn Garba. According to her, the Garba performed in the film was a folk one, rather than the commercial ones often played. Bhansali ordered Padukone and Singh to spend time together to develop their romantic chemistry. Padukone spent more than 12 hours a day for the workshop, which involved partying, watch films and attending premieres together with Singh. Since
19625-420: The rest of the cast. Designer Sabyasachi Mukherjee , who previously worked with Bhansali on Black , was hired initially for the costumes of the leading lady, but was later replaced by Anju Modi. Bhansali asked Basu to create a trial look; impressed with it, he chose the design for Singh's character Ram. Ram's look was inspired by Rabari tribesmen. Ram was a character who was "exposed to the world" yet resides in
19782-440: The same language, Hindustani or Hindi-Urdu. Hindi is the most commonly used scheduled language in India and is one of the two official languages of the union , the other being English. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan and is one of 22 scheduled languages of India , also having official status in Uttar Pradesh , Jammu and Kashmir , Delhi , Telangana , Andhra Pradesh and Bihar . Hindi
19939-471: The same lunar day as falling in two different (but successive) masa. Traditional Navaratri is an annual Hindu festival observed in honor of the goddess Durga , an aspect of Adi Parashakti , the supreme goddess. For Shaivites and Shaktas , Durga is a form or actually is Goddess Parvati . It spans over nine nights, first in the month of Chaitra (March/April of the Gregorian calendar ), and again in
20096-434: The script while she was ill; impressed with her beauty and watery eyes, he cast her. Richa Chadda was reportedly signed on to play a significant role, cast by Shruti Mahajan and Parag Mehta. Although she initially denied the claim, Chadda later agreed to play the role; she was not given the entire script until a month of filming. For Chadda's role, Bhansali wanted someone "with a dusky complexion and Indian features", hence she
20253-562: The sets. The set of the porn film parlour operated by Ram in the film has "neon-lit cut-outs and lurid poster art". The storage area of weapons are made so that the guns poke out of "straw baskets and from inside shimmering back-lit glass cases". The chamber in which Leela and Ram exchange messages has paintings of Raja Ravi Varma hung with "diaphanous curtains". The walls are rough hued and lined with glasswork patches. The film's costumes were designed by Anju Modi and Maxima Basu – Modi designed Padukone's clothes while Basu designed costumes for
20410-447: The specific rites differ between regions, even if they are called the same and dedicated to the same deity. The most common celebration begins on the first day of Navaratri with Ghatasthapana , which literally means "mounting of a jar". On this day, rural households mount a copper or brass jar, filled with water , upon a small heap of rice kept on a wooden stool ( pat ). The jar is typically placed other agriculture symbols such as
20567-489: The statues are either immersed in a water body such as a river or ocean , or the statue symbolising the evil is burnt with fireworks, marking the destruction of evil. During this time preparations also take place for Deepavali (the festival of lights) which is celebrated twenty days after Vijayadashami . According to some Hindu texts such as the Shakta and Vaishnava Puranas, Navaratri theoretically falls two or four times in
20724-433: The story is organized by communities in hundreds of small villages and towns, attracting a mix of audiences from different social, gender. and economic backgrounds. In many parts, the audience and villagers join in and participate spontaneously, some helping the artists, others helping with stage set up, create make-up, effigies, and lights. Navaratri has historically been a prominent ritual festival for kings and military of
20881-679: The striking of sticks between the dancers, and teasing between the genders. Post dancing, the group and the audience socializes and feasts together. Regionally, the same thematic celebration of community songs, music, and dances on Navaratri is called garba . In the temples of Goa , on the first day of the Hindu month of Ashwin, a copper pitcher, surrounded by clay, is installed inside the sanctum sanctorum of Devi and Krishna temples, in which nine varieties of food grains are placed. The nine nights are celebrated through devotional songs and religious discourses. Artists arrive to perform folk musical instruments. Celebrations include placing Durga's image in
21038-458: The tenth day, also known as Vijayadashami , a great procession is held where clay statues of Durga are ceremoniously walked to a river or ocean coast for a solemn goodbye. Many mark their faces with vermilion ( sindooram ) or dress in red clothes. It is an emotional day for some devotees, and the congregation sings emotional goodbye songs. After the procession, Hindus distribute sweets, gifts, and visit their friends and family members. Durga Puja
21195-508: The term Navaratri implies Durga Puja in the warrior goddess aspect of Devi. In other traditions of Hinduism, the term Navaratri implies the celebration of Durga but in her more peaceful forms, such as Saraswati – the Hindu goddess of knowledge, learning, music, and other arts. In Nepal, Navaratri is called Dashain , and is a major annual homecoming and family event that celebrates the bonds between elders and youngsters with Tika Puja , as well as across family and community members. Navaratri
21352-713: The third highest weekend of the year. The film's gross dropped on Monday to ₹ 77.5 million (US$ 930,000). The first week collections were about ₹ 740 million (US$ 8.9 million). The film remained steady in its second weekend with collections of ₹ 150 million (US$ 1.8 million), taking the ten-day gross to ₹ 890 million (US$ 11 million). Ram–Leela grossed around ₹ 970 million (US$ 12 million) in two weeks. The second week collections were around ₹ 230 million (US$ 2.8 million). The film earned ₹ 103 million (US$ 1.2 million) and ₹ 32.5 million (US$ 390,000) in its third week and fourth week respectively, taking its total to ₹ 1.1125 billion (US$ 13 million) and
21509-471: The transition from Middle Indo-Aryan to Hindi are: During the period of Delhi Sultanate in medieval India , which covered most of today's north India, eastern Pakistan, southern Nepal and Bangladesh and which resulted in the contact of Hindu and Muslim cultures , the Sanskrit and Prakrit base of Old Hindi became enriched with loanwords from Persian , evolving into the present form of Hindustani. Hindi achieved prominence in India after it became
21666-464: The two weren't familiar with each other, Bhansali wanted them to socialise. There were rumours that Madhuri Dixit would be performing an item number for the film followed by speculation that Aishwarya Rai had been signed. Priyanka Chopra eventually featured in the song. She confirmed the news, saying that she "loved the song from the time [she] first heard it" and she "was challenged to push [her] boundaries." Chopra had to wear full sleeves to hide
21823-447: The universe and the uninterrupted lit lamp symbolizes Durga. In parts of Bihar and Jharkhand, Durga is revered during the autumn of Navaratri. A huge number of pandals are made. In Bihar , Durga is worshipped alongside Lakshmi, Saraswati, Kartikey, and Ganesha. In other parts like Sitamarhi and close to the Nepal border, the spring Navaratri attracts a large Rama Navami fair, which marks
21980-638: The use of term Ramleela in the movie title. A Delhi court, on 12 November, stayed the release of the movie as per suit filed by six petitioners, including Prabhu Samaj Dharmik Ram Leela Committee, saying the movie hurt the religious sentiments of Hindus. The film's title was changed to Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela , leading to the court lifting the stay order and the film releasing on the fixed date. Ram-Leela released on 14 November 2013. The film got widest release 2000+ screens in domestic market and 550 screens in overseas and worldwide with around 2550 screens. Kshatriya community opposed usage of community names in
22137-459: The victory of Durga or Kali is celebrated. In the western state of Gujarat , Navaratri celebrations are constituted by arti , followed by garba . In all cases, the common theme is the battle and victory of good over evil based on a regionally famous epic or legend such as the Devi Mahatmya . Celebrations include worshipping nine goddesses during nine days, stage decorations, recital of
22294-575: The victory of good over evil. This isn’t just a simple tale of good versus evil, but one filled with layers of symbolism and moral lessons. These nine days are solely dedicated to Durga and her nine avatars – the Navadurga . The specific forms of navadurga are extracted from the Devikavaca, a subsection of the Devipurana text and representative of a major aspect in the life of the goddess, Parvati. Each day
22451-423: The villagers; she had to "mix and match" it with new fabric to create singular outfits. This was done to make Padukone's outfit "as authentic as possible". Speaking about using the antique textiles, she said, "I wanted to use those old, antique fabrics because it's impossible to replicate the authenticity of those colors, the brocades and those beautiful, fine embroideries that were done by hand." The fabric from which
22608-423: The widow of Kanji, to give Ram an ultimatum to take her away. Rasila is assaulted by Ram's friends, and when Dhankor Baa learns of this, she sends her men to assault Kesar, Meghji's widow. In response to this, Ram storms into Leela's house and requests Dhankor Baa to consider peace. She invites him to celebrate Navratri with the intention of killing him. However, Bhavani secretly shoots Dhankor Baa instead to place
22765-668: The world including first and second language speakers. Hindi is the fastest growing language of India , followed by Kashmiri , Meitei , Gujarati and Bengali according to the 2011 census of India . The term Hindī originally was used to refer to inhabitants of the Indo-Gangetic Plain . It was borrowed from Classical Persian هندی Hindī ( Iranian Persian pronunciation: Hendi ), meaning ' of or belonging to Hind (India) ' (hence, ' Indian ' ). Another name Hindavī ( हिन्दवी ) or Hinduī ( हिन्दुई ) (from Persian هندوی 'of or belonging to
22922-459: The world), isitva (the ability to control all material elements or natural forces) and vasitva (the ability to force influence upon anyone). Here, she has four hands. Also known as Mahalakshmi, The purple colour of the day portrays an admiration towards nature's beauty. Siddhidatri is Parvati , the wife of Shiva . Siddhidhatri is also seen as the Ardhanarishvara form of Shiva and Shakti. It
23079-404: The worship of Chandraghanta – the name derived from the fact that after marrying Shiva, Parvati adorned her forehead with the ardhachandra (lit. half-moon). She is the embodiment of beauty and is also symbolic of bravery. Grey is the colour of the third day, which is a vivacious colour and can cheer up everyone's mood. Goddess Kushmanda is worshipped on Chaturthi (fourth day). Believed to be
23236-532: Was commercially successful. The film ended with lifetime collections of ₹ 1.13 billion (US$ 14 million). The movie collected US$ 450,000 (approximately ₹ 28.3 million) in North America on Friday, vis-à-vis US$ 311,000 (approximately ₹ 19.5 million) earned by Krrish 3 . It also earned A$ 66,365 (approximately ₹ 3.91 million) in Australia in two days, beating A$ 58,283 (approximately ₹ 3.435 million) collected by
23393-458: Was critically acclaimed but commercially unsuccessful, leaving Bhansali with no money to fund Ram-Leela . He next directed Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam instead, which was also set in Gujarat like Ram-Leela. Feeling that directing two films set in the same place would be repetitive, Bhansali waited. He intended the film to be a tribute to Gujarat, saying, "I am Gujarati at heart. I love Gujarat's music, culture and food and I want to take all this back to
23550-555: Was envisioned that Hindi would become the sole working language of the Union Government by 1965 (per directives in Article 344 (2) and Article 351), with state governments being free to function in the language of their own choice. However, widespread resistance to the imposition of Hindi on non-native speakers, especially in South India (such as those in Tamil Nadu ) led to the passage of
23707-464: Was from the Jadeja clan and has "enough shades of grey" and was "nothing" like he had done in his career at that point. Devaiah felt that other than the basic frame, Ram-Leela wasn't similar to Romeo and Juliet. Singh, who plays a Gujarati boy, had to learn some Gujarati abuses as well as gain muscle for his character in the film. Singh enrolled for a 12-week transformation programme with Stevens, going on
23864-465: Was initially stayed by the Delhi High Court . The film initially titled Ram-Leela was changed to Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela in response to an order by the court, allowing it to release on the scheduled date. It received positive reviews, with praise directed to the performances of the cast members, particularly Padukone, Pathak, and Singh, as well as the soundtrack. There was some criticism for
24021-489: Was inscribed by UNESCO as one of the "Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity" in 2008. The festivities, states UNESCO, include songs, narration, recital and dialogue based on the Hindu text Ramcharitmanas by Tulsidas . It is particularly notable in the historically important Hindu cities of Ayodhya , Varanasi , Vrindavan , Almora , Satna and Madhubani – cities in Uttar Pradesh , Uttarakhand , Bihar , and Madhya Pradesh . The festival and dramatic enactment of
24178-461: Was released on 4 October 2013 after a delay due to Ranveer Singh's health issues. The first teaser of the poster, featuring the lead actors standing on a cluster guns, was released in January 2013. The release date was revealed by Padukone on her Twitter account. On 16 September 2013, an official poster was released; the trailer launch took place on the same day. At the launch, a special rangoli poster of
24335-409: Was selected. Bhansali ordered Chadda to watch Mirch Masala to prepare for her look, which was inspired by Smita Patil. Chadda also attempted to mimic Patil's acting. Barkha Bisht Sengupta, a television actress, plays a supporting role. Sengupta was asked by Bhansali to forget acting for her role. Gulshan Devaiah was reported to play the role of the antagonist Bhavani. Devaiah said that his character
24492-504: Was the first choice for Ram, he rejected the role due to "contractual obligations". Bhansali offered the role to Sushant Singh Rajput , but he had to turn down the role over scheduling issues. Kareena Kapoor and Ranveer Singh were cast in the lead roles in the film. Singh later confirmed the news and conveyed his excitement on working with Kapoor. Bhansali was impressed with Singh's performance in Band Baaja Baaraat and cast him for
24649-399: Was to be "grand and larger than life". He said that the challenge was to make the film both a romance and action film as the film would have a "rustic feel and texture" depicting action scenes, with many people fighting. Khan found it hard to maintain his realistic designs with Bhansali's "grand sets, big shots, and beautiful costumes". Ram-Leela ' s design and narrative were influenced by
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