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84-595: The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea (often known by its acronym as RBKC ) is an Inner London borough with royal status . It is the smallest borough in London and the second smallest district in England ; it is one of the most densely populated administrative regions in the United Kingdom. It includes affluent areas such as Notting Hill , Kensington , South Kensington , Chelsea , and Knightsbridge . The borough

168-491: A Chelsea-Hackney line , with a station in the King's Road near Chelsea Town Hall , and possibly another at Sloane Square. As of June 2019, the plans for Crossrail 2 materialising show the proposed route tunnelling through Chelsea and featuring the planned King's Road Chelsea station on the site of Dovehouse Green. The future of this station, being the only fully new station on the proposed line, remains ambiguous; initial reports of

252-589: A beefed-up operation in the local area. Anna Stec who gave evidence as an expert witness to the Grenfell Tower Inquiry has urged the authorities to test rescue workers, nearby residents and survivors for carcinogenic chemicals following the fire. Religion in Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea (2018) The following shows the religious identity of residents residing in Kensington and Chelsea according to

336-536: A collection of parishes called "London" and appeared in the 1851 Census . At the time the metropolitan area—commonly called the Metropolis—had its origins in the area of the Bills of mortality that had expanded from the tiny City of London into three surrounding counties over the previous several hundred years. The area become fixed in 1847 with the addition of Lewisham Poor Law Union and the parish of Hampstead. In 1855

420-540: A drive among urban planners for greener, less dense settlements. Inner London reached a post-War nadir, a population not seen since the early 19th century in 1981 having 2,550,100 residents, after which an upward trend ensued and Inner London residents numbered 3,231,901 in 2011 — 1,766,336 short of the 1911 peak. For the purposes of the London Plan planning document produced by the Mayor of London , Inner London consists of

504-458: A grant on occasion of his daughter Margaret Tudor 's marriage to James IV of Scotland . But he came to the House of Commons for a much larger sum than he intended to give with his daughter. The members, unwilling as they were to vote the money, were afraid to offend the king, till the silence was broken by More, whose speech is said to have moved the house to reduce the subsidy of three-fifteenths which

588-533: A key objective. In every corner of the borough signs of its history can be seen: from Grade 1 listed buildings Kensington Palace and the Royal Hospital, Chelsea to others recalled in street names such as Pottery Lane and Hippodrome Mews." In 200 years the area has been transformed from a "rural idyll" to a thriving part of the modern metropolis. Chelsea had originally been countryside upon which Thomas More built Beaufort House . He came to Chelsea in 1520 and built

672-626: A liaison between the King and Lord Chancellor Wolsey. More later served as High Steward for the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge . In 1523 More was elected as knight of the shire (MP) for Middlesex and, on Wolsey's recommendation, the House of Commons elected More its Speaker . In 1525 More became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster , with executive and judicial responsibilities over much of northern England. After Wolsey fell, More succeeded to

756-628: A popular residential area. The Palace was regularly used by reigning monarchs until 1760 and since then by members of the Royal family. Kensington's royal borough status was inherited by the new borough. In the 19th century the last emperor of the Sikh Empire , Maharaja Duleep Singh who was brought to England as a child following the Second Anglo-Sikh War , along with the Koh-i-noor diamond, lived in

840-765: A portion of a house known as the Old Barge (originally there had been a wharf nearby serving the Walbrook river ) on Bucklersbury, St Stephen Walbrook parish, London. Eight years later he took over the rest of the house and in total he lived there for almost 20 years, until his move to Chelsea in 1525. Erasmus reported that More wanted to give his young wife a better education than she had previously received at home, and tutored her in music and literature. The couple had four children: Margaret , Elizabeth , Cecily , and John. Jane died in 1511. Going "against friends' advice and common custom," within 30 days, More had married one of

924-504: A single soul as Pythagoras once said. But such is the flux of human affairs." In a 1532 letter, Erasmus wrote "such is the kindliness of his disposition, or rather, to say it better, such is his piety and wisdom, that whatever comes his way that cannot be corrected, he comes to love just as wholeheartedly as if nothing better could have happened to him." In a 1533 letter, Erasmus described More's character as imperiosus – commanding, far-ruling, not at all timid. For his part, "Thomas More

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1008-513: A tree in his Chelsea garden and whipped them", that "he watched as 'newe men' were put upon the rack in the Tower and tortured until they confessed", and that "he was personally responsible for the burning of several of the 'brethren' in Smithfield." Historian John Guy commented that "such charges are unsupported by independent proof." Modern historian Diarmaid MacCulloch finds no evidence that he

1092-469: Is a major provider of social housing in the borough owning 9,459 properties. Of these over 73 percent are tenanted, with the remainder being leasehold . The management of this housing was devolved to the Kensington and Chelsea TMO (KCTMO), a tenant management organisation . Properties included Trellick Tower . The 2017 Grenfell Tower fire , in which one public-housing tower of the estate Grenfell Tower

1176-734: Is based at Kensington Town Hall on Horton Street. Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly , the borough forms part of the West Central constituency. The borough is divided between two constituencies represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom : Kensington and Bayswater , held by Joe Powell for the Labour Party , and Chelsea and Fulham (partly in Hammersmith & Fulham ), held by Ben Coleman for

1260-600: Is for statistical purposes (see below). This would benefit the borough financially. Only the North Woolwich area of Newham fell within the former County of London , however, and the council's advocacy has not borne fruit. The City of London was not designated as an Inner London borough, but the Corporation of London is usually classed as an inner London local authority. The Office for National Statistics and Eurostat define Inner London differently, explicitly including

1344-676: Is immediately west of the City of Westminster and east of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham . It contains major museums and universities in Albertopolis , department stores such as Harrods , Peter Jones and Harvey Nichols , and embassies in Belgravia , Knightsbridge and Kensington Gardens . The borough is home to the Notting Hill Carnival , Europe's largest, and contains many of

1428-544: Is significant commuting of workers from Outer London and from outside Greater London. Much of the commercial activity is focused on Central London and Canary Wharf . 10% of public sector employment is focused on Westminster around the Government of the United Kingdom . 51°30′30″N 0°07′31″W  /  51.508411°N 0.125364°W  / 51.508411; -0.125364 Thomas More Sir Thomas More PC (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated in

1512-667: Is smaller than Outer London both in terms of population and area, but the population density is more than double that of Outer London. Inner London is officially the wealthiest area in Europe with the most expensive street in Europe: as of 2013, the GDP per capita was more than €80,000 while the UK GDP per capita was around €27,000. The area that is now Inner London was defined by the Registrar General as

1596-440: Is the least populated of the 32 London boroughs . Due to its high French population it has long held the unofficial title of the 21st arrondissement of Paris. In 2005, the borough had more of its land covered by domestic buildings than anywhere else in England at 19%, over half the national average. It also had the fifth highest proportion of land covered by non-domestic buildings at 12 percent. As of 2010 statistics released by

1680-569: The Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More , was an English lawyer, judge, social philosopher, author, statesman, amateur theologian, and noted Renaissance humanist . He also served Henry VIII as Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to May 1532. He wrote Utopia , published in 1516, which describes the political system of an imaginary island state. More opposed the Protestant Reformation , directing polemics against

1764-481: The City of London , adding Haringey and Newham , but excluding Greenwich . The land area is 319 km (123 sq mi) and the population at the 2021 Census was 3,404,300. Figures before 1971 have been reconstructed by the Office for National Statistics based on past censuses in order to fit the 2001 limits. Figures from 1981 onward are ONS midyear estimates (revised as of 2010). After centuries of increase,

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1848-619: The Field of the Cloth of Gold ) and Bruges , More was knighted and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer in 1521. As secretary and personal adviser to King Henry VIII , More became increasingly influential: welcoming foreign diplomats, drafting official documents, attending the court of the Star Chamber for his legal prowess but delegated to judge in the under-court for 'poor man's cases' and serving as

1932-465: The Greater London Council . It was a merger of the old metropolitan boroughs of Chelsea and Kensington, and it inherited Kensington's royal borough status. The new borough was originally intended to be called only "Kensington", but after protests from thousands of Chelsea residents, the then Minister of Housing and Local Government, Sir Keith Joseph , announced on 2 January 1964 that the name of

2016-650: The Inns of Chancery . In 1496, More became a student at Lincoln's Inn , one of the Inns of Court , where he remained until 1502, when he was called to the Bar . More could speak and banter in Latin with the same facility as in English. He wrote and translated poetry. He was particularly influenced by Pico della Mirandola and translated the Life of Pico into English. According to his friend,

2100-648: The Kensington Central Library , Chelsea Library, Kensal Library, Brompton Library, North Kensington Library and the Notting Hill Gate Library. The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea is formally twinned with: The following people and military units have received the Freedom of Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. 51°30′N 0°11′W  /  51.50°N 0.19°W  / 51.50; -0.19 Inner London Inner London

2184-720: The Lollards and Hussites whose heresies fed their sedition. Ambassador to Charles V Cuthbert Tunstall called Lutheranism the "foster-child" of the Wycliffite heresy that had underpinned Lollardy . Historian Richard Rex wrote: Thomas More, as lord chancellor [1529–1532], was in effect the first port of call for those arrested in London on suspicion of heresy, and he took the initial decisions about whether to release them, where to imprison them, or to which bishop to send them. He can be connected with police or judicial proceedings against around forty suspected or convicted heretics in

2268-551: The London Government Act 1963 . The Inner London boroughs occupied the same area as the County of London that was abolished as they were created. North Woolwich was an anomaly as it was part of the County of London, but became part of an Outer London borough. The main difference between Inner and Outer London boroughs between 1965 and 1990 was that the councils of the inner boroughs were not local education authorities and there

2352-478: The Office for National Statistics showed that life expectancy at birth for females was 89.8 years in 2008–2010, the highest in the United Kingdom. Male life expectancy at birth for the same period was 85.1 years. The figures in 1991–1993 were significantly lower: 73.0 years for males (ranking 301st in the nation) and 80.0 for females (ranking 129th). Further investigation indicates a 12-year gap in life expectancy between

2436-466: The Royal Hospital and Holland House . Areas in the borough include: Most parks and open spaces in this borough are quite small, the majority being squares built to service houses around them. The area does contain larger parks, containing Kensington Park and parts of Hyde Park , as well as parts of the "Magnificent Seven" cemeteries. The local authority is Kensington and Chelsea Council, which

2520-676: The historic county of Middlesex . From 1856 the two parishes were in the area governed by the Metropolitan Board of Works , which was established to provide services across the metropolis of London. In 1889 the Metropolitan Board of Works' area was made the County of London . From 1856 until 1900 the lower tier of local government within the metropolis comprised various parish vestries and district boards , with both Chelsea and Kensington being governed by their respective vestries . In 1900

2604-643: The 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses. The borough has a number of notable churches, including: It is home to a small Spanish and Portuguese synagogue , several mosques and the Sikh Central Gurudwara in Holland Park . There are two Armenian churches – Saint Sarkis Armenian Church and Church of Saint Yeghiche . Westminster Synagogue is also partially located in the borough. The borough's notable districts are home to numerous international diplomatic missions: High Commissions Embassies Within

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2688-577: The Blitz much damage was caused by explosive and incendiary bombs, especially along Chelsea's riverside. But worse was to come in 1944 with the arrival of the V2 rockets , or flying bombs. Among the buildings either destroyed or seriously damaged, usually with terrible loss of life, were Chelsea Old Church , Church of Our Most Holy Redeemer , Our Lady of Victories , St Mary Abbots , St Stephens Hospital, St Mary Abbots Hospital , Sloane Square tube station , World's End ,

2772-598: The Church of England . The bishops at the Convocation of Canterbury in 1532 agreed to sign the Oath but only under threat of prosecution for praemunire and only after these words were added: "as far as the law of Christ allows". This was considered to be the final Submission of the Clergy . Cardinal John Fisher and some other clergy refused to sign. Henry purged most clergy who supported

2856-751: The City of London, all the statutory Inner London boroughs, and Newham. The area covered by the London postal district is sometimes referred to as "Inner London". However it is not coterminous with other definitions of Inner London as its area is somewhat larger and covers 624 km (241 sq mi). The southern part of the London Borough of Lewisham as well as a small part of the Royal Borough of Greenwich fall outside its boundaries whilst 44 of its 119 districts are in Outer London and its irregular shape stretches to

2940-519: The Government had demanded to £30,000. One of the chamberlains went and told his master that he had been thwarted by a beardless boy. Henry never forgave the audacity; but, for the moment, the only revenge he could take was upon More's father, whom upon some pretext he threw into the Tower, and he only released him upon payment of a fine of £100. Thomas More even found it advisable to withdraw from public life into obscurity. From 1510, More served as one of

3024-665: The Greater London boundary at Mill Hill and Scratch Wood and beyond it at Sewardstone . From 1990 to 2000 London used two separate telephone dialling codes with one code designated for Inner London , however the area covered by this code was widely different from all of the above definitions and most of Greater London is now covered by a single 020 dialling code. There are approximately 200,000 businesses with around 2,000,000 employees in Inner London. 56% of all private sector jobs in Greater London are located in Inner London. There

3108-603: The Labour Party. At the 2005 General Election , the borough was divided differently: Rifkind held the Kensington seat until the 2015 General Election when he stood down after becoming embroiled in a scandal, uncovered by a television investigation, over accepting money in return for access to influential British diplomats and politicians. At the 2011 census, the borough had a population of 158,649 who were 71 percent White, 10 percent Asian, 5 percent of multiple ethnic groups, 4 percent Black African and 3 percent Black Caribbean. It

3192-470: The Registrar General area, with the addition of Penge , was used to define the district of the Metropolitan Board of Works . The Metropolis was also described as Inner London from the 1881 Census. In 1889 this area became the County of London . The area was adjusted in 1900 when Penge was transferred to Kent and South Hornsey was gained from Middlesex. The "Inner London boroughs " were defined by

3276-401: The affluent wards of Chelsea (Royal Hospital, Hans Town) and the most northerly wards of North Kensington (Golborne, Dalgarno), which have high levels of social housing and poverty. The borough has a higher proportion (16.6 percent) of high earners (over £60,000 per year) than any other local government district in the country. It has the highest proportion of workers in the financial sector and

3360-525: The area. Paddington and Victoria are the nearest major railway termini; National Rail stations in the borough are Kensington (Olympia) and West Brompton (and partly Kensal Green ), both served by London Overground and Southern . Many London bus routes pass through the borough, most of them along King's Road , Fulham Road , Kensington High Street and Ladbroke Grove . Kensington and Chelsea council has been criticised for its lack of support for cycle lanes and active travel in general. In 2019

3444-472: The borough at 53 Holland Park, while his mother Maharani Jind Kaur (wife of Maharaja Ranjit Singh ) lived at the nearby Abingdon House till her death in 1846. During the Second World War civilians suffered great hardship; there were some 800 deaths and 40,000 injuries. A huge army of civilian volunteers was raised, including Auxiliary Fire Service, Red Cross, Air Raid Wardens and Rescue Services. During

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3528-465: The borough there are several of London's tourist attractions and landmarks: The council's education department finances state schools. London's Poverty Profile - a 2017 study by Trust for London and the New Policy Institute - found that 75% of 19-year-olds in Kensington and Chelsea have at least a C in their GCSE English and Maths. This is the highest success rate in London. Libraries include

3612-572: The council vetoed a flagship programme by Transport for London for safer walking and cycling in the borough. In 2020 it scrapped a cycle lane along Kensington High Street just seven weeks after it was installed. In March 2011 the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: underground, metro, light rail, tram, 23.6 percent of all residents aged 16–74; driving a car or van, 8.2 percent; on foot, 8.2 percent; bus, minibus or coach, 8.0 percent; work mainly at or from home, 7.0 percent; bicycle, 3.1 percent; train, 2.1 percent. The RBKC

3696-451: The court when present, who spoke last and cast the deciding vote in case of ties) of the Court of the Star Chamber , an appeals court on civil and criminal matters, including riot and sedition, that was the final appeal in dissenter's trials. More supported the Catholic Church and saw the Protestant Reformation as heresy , a threat to the unity of both church and society. More believed in

3780-614: The cunning intent and purpose that I find in Tyndale: Erasmus my darling should be no more my darling. But I find in Erasmus my darling that he detests and abhors the errors and heresies that Tyndale plainly teaches and abides by and therefore Erasmus my darling shall be my dear darling still. And surely if Tyndale had either never taught them, or yet had the grace to revoke them: then should Tyndale be my dear darling too. But while he holds such heresies still I cannot take for my darling him that

3864-496: The devil takes for his darling. As the conflict over supremacy between the Papacy and the King reached its peak, More continued to remain steadfast in supporting the supremacy of the Pope as Successor of Peter over that of the King of England. Parliament's reinstatement of the charge of praemunire in 1529 had made it a crime to support in public or office the claim of any authority outside

3948-550: The fact, and he began to praise it in the highest terms ... for its pure Latinity, its correctness, its erudition, and its expressions of tender affection. He took out at once from his pocket a portague [A Portuguese gold coin] ... to send to you as a pledge and token of his good will towards you. More's decision to educate his daughters set an example for other noble families. Even Erasmus became much more favourable once he witnessed their accomplishments. A large portrait of More and his extended family, Sir Thomas More and Family ,

4032-399: The family consort. Concerning More's personality, Erasmus gave a consistent portrait over a period of thirty five years. Soon after meeting the young lawyer More, who became his best friend and invited Erasmus into his household, Erasmus reported in 1500 "Did nature ever invent anything kinder, sweeter or more harmonious than the character of Thomas More?". In 1519, he wrote that More

4116-466: The following year. More continued ascetic practices for the rest of his life, such as wearing a hair shirt next to his skin and occasionally engaging in self-flagellation . A tradition of the Third Order of Saint Francis honours More as a member of that Order on their calendar of saints . More married Joanna "Jane" Colt, the eldest daughter of John Colt of Essex in 1505. In that year he leased

4200-536: The greatest income inequality of any London Borough. Private rent for low earners was also found to be the least affordable in London. However, the borough's poverty rate of 28% is roughly in line with the London-wide average. The borough has 12 tube stations, on five of the 11 London Underground lines: the Central line , Circle line , District line , Hammersmith & City line and Piccadilly line . The borough contains

4284-509: The guardian of two young girls: Anne Cresacre who would eventually marry his son, John More; and Margaret Giggs (later Clement) who was the only member of his family to witness his execution (she died on the 35th anniversary of that execution, and her daughter married More's nephew William Rastell ). An affectionate father, More wrote letters to his children whenever he was away on legal or government business, and encouraged them to write to him often. More insisted upon giving his daughters

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4368-492: The house, which in his day had two courtyards laid out between the house and the river, and in the north of the site acres of gardens and orchards were planted. It was from here in 1535 that More was taken to the Tower and beheaded later that year. This area of Cheyne Walk continued its historic significance; nearby Crosby Hall sits on the river near the Church of Thomas More, and what was once Thomas Carlyle 's residence remains on Cheyne Row . Kensington's royal borough status

4452-915: The illegal book trade, notably fronting a diplomatically-sensitive raid in 1525 of the Hanseatic Merchants in the Steelyard in role as chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster and given his diplomatic experience negotiating with the Hanse. More wrote several books against the first edition of Tyndale's English translation of the New Testament :. More wrote the Dialogue concerning Heresies (1529), Tyndale responded with An Answer to Sir T. More's Dialogue (1530), and More replied with his Confutation of Tyndale's Answer (1532). More also wrote or contributed to several other anti-Lutheran books. One of More's criticisms of

4536-415: The initial Tyndale translation was that despite claiming to be in the vernacular, Tyndale had employed numerous neologisms: for example, "Jehovah", "scapegoat", "Passover", "atonement", "mercy seat", "shewbread." More also accused Tyndale of deliberately avoiding common translations in favour of biased words: such as using the emotion "love" instead of the practical action "charity" for Greek agape , using

4620-404: The lower tier was reorganised into metropolitan boroughs , two of which were called Chelsea and Kensington , corresponding to the two parishes. The borough of Kensington was given the honorific title of royal borough in 1901. The modern borough was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 , which reorganised 86 boroughs and urban districts into 32 London boroughs and also created

4704-419: The lowest proportion working in the retail sector. In December 2006 Sport England published a survey which showed that the borough's residents were the fourth most active in England in sports and other fitness activities. 27.9 percent of the population participate at least three times a week for 30 minutes. A 2017 study by Trust for London and the New Policy Institute found that Kensington & Chelsea has

4788-463: The many eligible women among his wide circle of friends. He chose Alice Middleton , a widow, to head his household and care for his small children. The speed of the marriage was so unusual that More had to get a dispensation from the banns of marriage , which, due to his good public reputation, he easily obtained. More had no children from his second marriage, although he raised Alice's daughter from her previous marriage as his own. More also became

4872-408: The most expensive residential properties in the world, as well as Kensington Palace , a British royal residence. The local authority is Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council . Its motto, adapted from the opening words of Psalm 133 , is Quam bonum in unum habitare , which translates roughly as 'How good it is to dwell in unity'. Chelsea and Kensington were both ancient parishes in

4956-476: The neologism senior instead of "priest" for the Greek presbyteros (Tyndale changed this to "elder"), and the latinate "congregation" instead of "church". Tyndale's bibles include text other than the scriptures: some of Tyndale's prefaces were direct translations of Martin Luther, and it included marginal glosses which challenged Catholic doctrine. One notable exchange occurred over More's attack on Tyndale's use of congregation . Tyndale pointed out that he

5040-404: The new borough would be the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Of its history the council states: "Despite the boroughs being separate originally, Kensington and Chelsea still retain their unique characters. Even the amalgamation of the two boroughs, unpopular as it was at the time, has been accepted. Today conservation combined with the adoption of sympathetic new architecture is seen as

5124-401: The office of Lord Chancellor (the chief government minister ) in 1529; this was the highest official responsible for equity and common law, including contracts and royal household cases, and some misdemeanour appeals. He dispatched cases with unprecedented rapidity. In 1532 he was responsible for an anti-pollution act. As Lord Chancellor he was a member (and probably the Presiding Judge at

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5208-407: The papal stance from senior positions in the church. More continued to refuse to sign the Oath of Supremacy and did not agree to support the annulment of Henry's marriage to Catherine. However, he did not openly reject the King's actions and kept his opinions private. On 16 May 1532, More resigned from his role as Chancellor but remained in Henry's favour despite his refusal. His decision to resign

5292-582: The population of Inner London reached its peak of 4,998,237 in 1911. The area's population from World War I began a steady decline as that of Outer London continued to increase. The census of 1951 showed the damage inflicted by the 1940s Blitz as the population of Greater London switched into decline which was reversed in Outer London with house building and territory expansion whereas in Inner London continued. The war damage and early 20th century slums had physical and psychological hence property price effects and focus on New Towns and suburban development reflected

5376-417: The realm (such as the Papacy) to have a legal jurisdiction superior to the King's. In 1530, More refused to sign a letter by the leading English churchmen and aristocrats asking Pope Clement VII to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon , and also quarrelled with Henry VIII over the heresy laws. In 1531, a royal decree required the clergy to take an oath acknowledging the King as Supreme Head of

5460-536: The same classical education as his son, an unusual attitude at the time. His eldest daughter, Margaret, attracted much admiration for her erudition, especially her fluency in Greek and Latin. More told his daughter of his pride in her academic accomplishments in September 1522, after he showed the bishop a letter she had written: When he saw from the signature that it was the letter of a lady, his surprise led him to read it more eagerly ... he said he would never have believed it to be your work unless I had assured him of

5544-513: The sixteenth-century English Protestant historian John Foxe in his polemical Book of Martyrs . Foxe was instrumental in publicizing accusations of torture, alleging that More had often personally used violence or torture while interrogating heretics. Later Protestant authors such as Brian Moynahan and Michael Farris cite Foxe when repeating these allegations. Biographer Peter Ackroyd also lists claims from Foxe's Book of Martyrs and other post-Reformation sources that More "tied heretics to

5628-521: The station idea having been scrapped seem to be contradicted by the station's placement on an official Transport for London map for the route. A Crossrail station on the original Crossrail route, from Paddington to Reading, has been proposed and endorsed by the council. This station would be located near the northern end of Ladbroke Grove , and would serve the areas of North Kensington and Kensal. The council supports this station concept as it would renew infrastructure and build regeneration benefits in

5712-441: The stations of South Kensington , Gloucester Road , High Street Kensington , Earl's Court , Sloane Square , West Brompton , Notting Hill Gate , Holland Park , Latimer Road , Knightsbridge , Westbourne Park and Ladbroke Grove . Chelsea (SW3, SW10 and partly SW1) has significantly less Underground access than Kensington, the only station within Chelsea being Sloane Square . There have for some time been long-term plans for

5796-414: The theologian Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam , More once seriously contemplated abandoning his legal career to become a monk . Between 1503 and 1504 More lived near the Carthusian monastery outside the walls of London and joined in the monks' spiritual exercises. Although he deeply admired their piety, More ultimately decided to remain a layman, standing for election to Parliament in 1504 and marrying

5880-428: The theology of Martin Luther , Huldrych Zwingli and William Tyndale . More also opposed Henry VIII's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as supreme head of the Church of England and the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon . After refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy , he was convicted of treason on what he stated was false evidence, and was executed. At his execution, he

5964-443: The theology, argumentation, and ecclesiastical laws of the church, and "heard Luther's call to destroy the Catholic Church as a call to war." Heresy was the single most time-consuming issue Thomas More dealt with in his chancellorship, and probably in the whole of the last ten years of his life. More wrote a series of books and pamphlets in English and Latin to respond to Protestants, and in his official capacities took action against

6048-571: The two undersheriffs of the City of London , a position of considerable responsibility in which he earned a reputation as an honest and effective public servant. Interested in public health, he became a Commissioner for Sewers in 1514. More became Master of Requests in 1514, the same year in which he was appointed as a Privy Counsellor . After undertaking a diplomatic mission to the Holy Roman Emperor , Charles V , accompanying Thomas Wolsey , Cardinal Archbishop of York , to Calais (for

6132-578: The years 1529–33. Torture was not officially legal in England, except in pre-trial discovery phase of kinds of extreme cases that the King had allowed, such as seditious heresy. It was regarded as unsafe for evidence, and was not an allowed punishment. Stories emerged in More's lifetime regarding persecution of the Protestant "heretics" during his time as Lord Chancellor , and he denied them in detail in his Apologia (1533). Many stories were later published by

6216-585: The young More. Believing that More had great potential, Morton nominated him for a place at the University of Oxford , either in St. Mary Hall or Canterbury College , both now defunct. More began his studies at Oxford in 1492, and received a classical education. Studying under Thomas Linacre and William Grocyn , he became proficient in both Latin and Greek. More left Oxford after only two years—at his father's insistence—to begin legal training in London at New Inn, one of

6300-461: Was "born and designed for friendship; no one is more open-hearted in making friends or more tenacious in keeping them." In 1535, after More's execution, Erasmus wrote that More "never bore ill-intent towards anyone". "We are 'together, you and I, a crowd'; that is my feeling, and I think I could live happily with you in any wilderness. Farewell, dearest Erasmus, dear as the apple of my eye." "When More died I seem to have died myself: because we were

6384-452: Was a single Inner London Education Authority for the area, including the City of London . The inner borough councils became local education authorities on 1 April 1990. The statutory definition is used as part of the grant settlement used to finance local government. The statutory Inner London boroughs are: Newham London Borough Council argues that the municipality should be treated as part of Inner London for statutory purposes, as it

6468-413: Was an unflagging apologist for Erasmus for the thirty-six years of their adult lives (1499–1535)." In 1504 More was elected to Parliament to represent Great Yarmouth , and in 1510 began representing London . More first attracted public attention by his conduct in the parliament of 1504, by his daring opposition to the king's demand for money. King Henry VII was entitled, according to feudal laws, to

6552-522: Was caused by the decision of the convocation of the English Church, which was under intense royal threat, on the day before. There is considerable variation in opinion on the extent and nature of More's prosecution of heretics: witness the difference in portrayals of More in A Man for All Seasons and in Wolf Hall . The English establishment initially regarded Protestants (and Anabaptists ) as akin to

6636-408: Was completely destroyed and 72 lives were lost, drew international attention to the borough. After widespread criticism of the borough council's response to the fire, responsibility for providing services to those affected by the fire was taken away from RBKC. Prime Minister Theresa May previously branded the response to the tragedy "not good enough", with Whitehall civil servants drafted in as part of

6720-474: Was following "your darling" Erasmus' Latin translation of ecclesia by congregatio. More replied that Erasmus needed to coin congregatio because there was no good Latin word, while English had the perfectly fine "church", but that the intent and theology under the words were all important: I have not contended with Erasmus my darling, because I found no such malicious intent with Erasmus my darling, as I find with Tyndale. For had I found with Erasmus my darling

6804-401: Was granted in 1901 as it included of Kensington Palace , where Queen Victoria was born in 1819 and lived until her accession in 1837. Commissioned by King William III , Christopher Wren enlarged and rebuilt the original house in 1689, turning it into a fitting royal residence. With the King came many court officials, servants and followers. Kensington Square, until then a failing venture, became

6888-443: Was painted by Holbein ; however, it was lost in a fire in the 18th century. More's grandson commissioned a copy, of which two versions survive. The Nostell copy of the portrait shown above also includes the family's two pet dogs and monkey. Musical instruments such as a lute and viol feature in the background of the extant copies of Holbein's family portrait. More played the recorder and viol , and made sure his wives could join in

6972-418: Was reported to have said: "I die the King's good servant, and God's first." Pope Pius XI canonised More in 1935 as a martyr. Pope John Paul II in 2000 declared him the patron saint of statesmen and politicians. Born on Milk Street in the City of London , on 7 February 1478, Thomas More was the son of Sir John More , a successful lawyer and later a judge, and his wife Agnes ( née Graunger). He

7056-459: Was the second of six children. More was educated at St. Anthony's School , then considered one of London's best schools. From 1490 to 1492, More served John Morton , the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England, as a household page. Morton enthusiastically supported the " New Learning " (scholarship which was later known as "humanism" or "London humanism"), and thought highly of

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