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42-643: After the February Revolution , Purishkevich was one of the only leaders of the Black Hundreds to remain politically active. He eventually joined the White movement and died from typhus in 1920. Born as the son of a poor nobleman in Kishinev , Bessarabia (now Moldova ), Purishkevich graduated from Novorossiysk University with a degree in classical philology . Around 1900, he moved to Saint Petersburg . He became

84-460: A charming, unstable man who could not stay a single minute in one place. In 1925, Soviet writer Liubosh described Purishkevich as the 'first' fascist . He was subsequently referred to as a "leader of early Russian fascism" by Semyon Reznik , who also claimed that Purishkevich participated in numerous pogroms and was a significant proponent of the blood libel against Jews . February Revolution Too Many Requests If you report this error to

126-409: A letter to several of the participants calling it "an assembly of whores". One of the recipients of the letter, Anna Filosofova , made the letter public and took Purishkevich to court; he was sentenced to one month in jail. During World War I , Purishkevich became critical of the performance of the government, although not of the tsar himself; he saw the rise of pro-Russian sentiment during the war as

168-516: A member of the Russian Assembly group and was appointed under Vyacheslav von Plehve . Purishkevich was a hardline supporter of Russification and sacerdotal autocracy. Purishkevich was hostile towards Jews , who he believed to be the "vanguard of the revolutionary movement". He wanted Jews to be deported to Kolyma . He believed that the " Kadets , socialists, the intelligentsia , the press and councils of university professors" were all under

210-667: A poem describing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk as 'The Trotsky Peace'. After his release, he moved to White Army -controlled Southern Russia . There, during the Russian Civil War he published the monarchist journal Blagovest and returned openly to his traditional political stance of support for the monarchy, a unified Russia, and opposition to the Jews. In some of the towns occupied by the Volunteer Army, he gave lectures in which he denounced

252-458: A popular expression of support for the tsar. Purishkevich was particularly critical of the roles of Empress Alexandra and her close advisor Grigori Rasputin . On 3 November 1916, Purishkevich went to Mogilev and talked with Tsar Nicolas II about Rasputin. On 19 November, Purishkevich delivered a speech in the Duma that denounced Rasputin and the conduct of the government. He compared Rasputin with

294-624: Is a right-hand distributary of the Fontanka and starts its course immediately to the south of the Summer Garden , making the southern border of the garden Island and separating it from the reddish Saint Michael's Castle . The Summer Garden, which during the Swedish possession of these lands until they were taken by Russia in 1703 in the Great Northern War , was part of a Swedish army major. After

336-623: Is next to the Church of the Saviour on the Spilled Blood and a degree college named Higher School of Folk Arts (crafts), originally founded by Empress Alexandra, the wife of Russia's last Emperor, and facing a waterway that starts here off Moyka - Griboyedov Canal , across which westwards there is a square formed chiefly by two buildings of the former Royal Mews and named after them together with two adjoining streets Konyushennaya. The carriage house faces

378-759: The Fontanka river, which is itself a distributary of the Neva, near the Summer Garden past the Field of Mars , crosses Nevsky Prospect and the Kryukov Canal before entering the Neva river. It is also connected with the Neva by the Swan Canal and the Winter Canal . In 1711, Peter the Great ordered the consolidation of the banks of the river. After the Kryukov Canal linked it with

420-569: The Smolny Institute by the first Revolutionary Tribunal. He was condemned to eleven months of 'public work' and four years of imprisonment with obligatory community service and won the admiration of his fellow prisoners in the Fortress of St Peter and St Paul by his courageous bearing. He was given an amnesty on May 1 after the mediation of Felix Dzerzhinsky and Nikolay Krestinsky , as he refrained from any political activity. In jail, he had written

462-572: The last accommodation and museum of Alexander Pushkin . As of 2016 15 bridges cross the Moyka. Most of these have historical and artistic interest: Flowing through the 18th- and 19th-century capital of the Russian Empire , the Moyka, similarly to other downtown rivers and streets got its sides decorated with Russian nobles' city palaces, mansions and gardens, historical churches, monuments, apartment buildings and hotels, public squares etc. The Moyka

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504-533: The " False Dmitri ", and argued that Rasputin's influence over the tsarina had made him a threat to the empire. He stated that the monarchy was becoming discredited: The Tsar's ministers who have been turned into marionettes, marionettes whose threads have been taken firmly in hand by Rasputin and the Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna—the evil genius of Russia and the Tsarina... who has remained a German on

546-700: The British Secret Intelligence Service in Petrograd . On the evening of 16 December 1916, the conspirators gathered in the Moika Palace and eventually killed Rasputin. A curious policeman on duty on the other side of the Moika had heard the shots, rang at the door, and was sent away. Half an hour later, another policeman arrived, and Purishkevich invited him into the palace. Purishkevich told him that he had shot Rasputin and asked him to keep it quiet for

588-504: The British policy towards Russia. In 1918, he formed a new political party, the People's State Party, and called for an "open fight against Jewry"; the party collapsed after his death. Vladimir Purishkevich died from typhus that raged Novorossiysk in 1920, just before the final evacuation of Denikin 's Army. Purishkevich was described by contemporary Russian politician Vladimir Kokovtsov as

630-579: The Castle served as a residence connected with this together with his other ones including Gatchina Priory Palace . (See Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller ). His arbitrary domestic and international politics caused dissatisfaction among some of his courtiers who plotted against him, and he was assassinated in his Castle bedroom despite all his precautions: the Castle was surrounded by water on all four sides, drawbridges raised every night, yet

672-576: The Castle was symbolic both of the Emperor's romantic chivalrous inclinations and his fear for his life. Interested in the high spirit of European knights, he gave shelter in Russia to the Order of Malta when its members lost their island to the troops of Napoleon . Paul's decision was unusual, given known rivalry between their Roman Catholic and his Russian Orthodox Church. He temporarily served as their Grand Master, and

714-513: The Fontanka River four years later, the river became so much cleaner that its name was changed from Muya to "Moyka", the latter from the Russian verb "to wash". With the spread of cars and services for them in post-Soviet Russia, the Russian word Мойка has become a common sight unconnected to the river as it very often means (car)wash, which may confuse foreign tourists. In 1736, the first Moyka quay

756-575: The Hotel Russia at Moika 60. He had a false passport under the surname "Yevreinov". On 18 November 1917, Purishkevich was arrested by the Red Guards for his participation in a counterrevolutionary conspiracy after the discovery of a letter sent by him to General Aleksei Maksimovich Kaledin in which he urged the Cossack leader to come and restore order in Petrograd . He became the first person to be tried in

798-517: The Neva, the Fontanka river, and canals including the Griboyedov and Kryukov , the Moyka encircles the central portion of the city, effectively making that area an island or a group of islands. The river derives its name from the Ingrian word Muya for "slush" or "mire", having its original source in former swamp. It is 5 kilometres (3 mi) long and 40 metres (130 ft) wide. The river flows from

840-403: The Russian throne and alien to the country and its people. He concluded that "While Rasputin is alive, we cannot win". Prince Felix Yusupov was impressed by Purishkevich's speech criticizing Rasputin. He visited Purishkevich, who quickly agreed to participate in the killing of Rasputin. Also, Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich joined the conspiracy. Purishkevich talked to Samuel Hoare , the head of

882-589: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.151 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 394010490 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 05:50:08 GMT Moika The Moyka ( Russian : Мойка , also latinised as Moika ) is a short river in Saint Petersburg which splits from the Neva River . Along with

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924-518: The building under Paul's third son, Alexander's successor Emperor Nicholas I of Russia , and the edifice became also known as Engineers' Castle. Occupied then by various Soviet institutions like the Central Naval Library, now the Castle is part of Russian Museum , has been repaired and holds national exhibitions of art connected with history of Russia. Next to the Castle, on the Fontanka over

966-732: The control of Jews. During the Russian Revolution of 1905 , Purishkevich helped organise the Black Hundreds , a reactionary, monarchist and ultra-nationalist militia that carried out a number of raids (with unofficial government approval) against revolutionary groups as well as pogroms against Jews. After the October Manifesto created the State Duma , he was elected as a deputy for the Bessarabian and Kursk province. He became one of

1008-690: The field was used to bury the casualties of the revolutionary events, and in the Soviet times this part was made into the Monument to the Fighters of the Revolution , a memorial of granite slabs inscribed with dedications to the heroes by the Bolshevik Government Secretary for Education Anatoly Lunacharskiy , and a gas burner eternal flame was placed in the middle. Many cultivars of lilac were planted in

1050-451: The foundation and planning of the new Russian capital in the lands of Saint Petersburg, the victorious Peter I of Russia made this land plot into a gridlined garden where he placed for the first time in Russian history multiple imported statues of Greek and Roman mythology characters and had his Summer Palace built here following Dutch examples he had seen and liked on his grand tour of Europe . The Summer Garden and Palace, as well as

1092-622: The founders of the Union of the Russian People and served as its deputy chairman until 1907, when he split to form the Union of the Archangel Michael. In the Duma, he gained fame and infamy for his flamboyant speeches and scandalous behaviour, such as speaking on International Workers' Day with a red carnation in his fly . When the first Russian women's congress convened in 1908, Purishkevich sent

1134-475: The guard let conspirators pass as the latter included senior supervising officers. After him the Castle was virtually neglected by the royal family of his eldest son and heir Alexander I of Russia and was used as a shared living space by some of the Imperial household until it was converted into a Military Engineering School whose cadets included the future writer Fyodor Dostoevsky . The cadets studied and lived in

1176-417: The late 18th and in 19th centuries it was used for Emperors' military parades of the regiments quartered in the city as the capital of the country. Before that, the once marshy ground had been drained with canals and turned into a public meadow with amusements. When turned to military use, the ground was decorated with two monuments to victorious Russian Field Marshals of the second half of 18th century. One of

1218-628: The memorials - an obelisk to Count Pyotr Rumyantsev - was later moved to a dedicated smaller Rumyantsev Garden in Vassiliyevskiy Island , while the other, the Suvorov Monument depicting Count Alexander Suvorov as Mars , now on Suvorov Square at the other end of the field, facing Trinity Bridge . After the February 1917 democratic revolution that destroyed the Russian autocracy , part of

1260-499: The nearby Saint Michael's Castle and Garden, in post-Soviet Russia became branches of the national treasury of domestic art the Russian Museum and can be visited. The Summer Garden was mentioned by Alexander Pushkin both as his frequent place for pleasant walks, and as destination for childhood walks with a French governor of his classical for Russian literature novel in verse protagonist Eugene Onegin . The garden's Moyka fence

1302-580: The palace with the larger items. Yusupov and Dmitri were placed under house arrest in the Sergei Palace . The tsarina had refused to meet them but said that they could explain to her what had happened in a letter. Purishkevich assisted them and left the city to the Romanian front at ten in the evening. Because of his popularity, Purishkevich was neither punished nor exiled. During the February Revolution in 1917, many right-wingers were arrested but Purishkevich

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1344-499: The playwright Alexander Griboyedov. Next to the garden there stands a brightly coloured tall church of the Saviour on the Spilled Blood . This place of worship and now a museum was built in a traditional Russian style to mark the canalside spot on which Emperor Alexander II who had in 1861 abolished serfdom was on 1 March 1881, assassinated by terrorists from the Narodnaya Volya movement. The Mikhailovsky Garden's western side

1386-454: The sake of the tsar. They had planned to burn Rasputin's possessions. Sukhotin put on Rasputin's fur coat, rubber boots, and gloves. He left with Dmitri and Dr. Lazovert in Purishkevich's car, which suggests that Rasputin had left the palace alive. Because Purishkevich's wife refused to burn the fur coat and the boots in her small fireplace in the ambulance train, the conspirators went back to

1428-560: The square while the neoclassical stable also runs along the Moyka. The 18th-century estate of Count Razumovsky with its palace and outbuildings was converted towards the end of the century into a royal charity - an orphanage that for the first time in national history gave shelter to children born out of wedlock, whose mothers could anonymously leave them in a basket supervised by the gatekeeper. They were nurtured and given general and vocational training and, if born to serfs, were set free from submission to landlords of their parents. Its mascot

1470-510: The square. In post-Soviet Russia the rest of the field has seen a number of public political rallies . Mikhailovsky Garden is across the Moyka from the Field of Mars and across Sadovaya ("Garden") Street. It is a 19th-century landscape garden , whose southern part meets the garden façade of Mikhailovsky Palace facing Arts Square not far from the city's main street Nevsky Prospect . The Palace, built for Paul I's fourth son Grand Duke Mikhail ,

1512-513: The water near the source of Moyka, stands a miniature statue Chizhik-Pyzhik of a little bird siskin across the river from the 19th-century Emperor's Law School, whose students' uniforms' colour matched the bird's colouration. On the right bank of Moyka across the Swan Canal from the Summer Garden lies a large open square named the Field of Mars after the Roman mythology god of war because in

1554-569: Was arrested over the Kornilov Affair but was released. Following the failure of the putsch, he collaborated with Fyodor Viktorovich Vinberg in forming an underground monarchist organisation. During the October Revolution , he organized the "Committee for the Motherland's Salvation". He was joined by a number of officers, military cadets, and others. At the time, Purishkevich was living in

1596-685: Was constructed in wood. Four bridges originally spanned the river: the Blue, the Green, the Yellow, and the Red. The 99-metre (325 ft)-wide Blue Bridge, now hardly visible underneath Saint Isaac's Square , remains the widest bridge in the whole city. Magnificent 18th-century edifices lining the Moyka quay include the Stroganov Palace , Razumovsky Palace, Yusupov Palace , New Holland Arch , Saint Michael's Castle , and

1638-453: Was designed by Ludwig Charlemagne . Behind the fence there is a pond on which swans are released in warm season. Across the Moyka from the Summer Garden stands Saint Michael's Castle commissioned in late 18th century for himself by Emperor Paul I of Russia who had been born on this site when it was occupied by another Summer Palace - of his officially childless unmarried aunt Elisabeth I of Russia . Inspired by Western Europe models,

1680-499: Was later in the 19th century converted to the royal museum of the nation's art named after Alexander III with the nationwide ethnographic department. These serve to this day as the Russian Museum and the Russian Ethnographic Museum . The garden's western side with a decorative fence faces another waterway, a canal originally named after Catherine II who commissioned it, but after the 1917 revolution renamed in honour of

1722-408: Was the pelican, once believed to sacrifice itself nursing its young. The bird is now on the crest of the city's large teacher-training university located in the former estate. Giving multilevel higher education at its colleges (faculties and institutes) grouped by school subjects and administrative spheres, in the 1990s it was recognised as having national importance. Named in the Soviet times after

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1764-471: Was tolerated by the government and so was "virtually the only former national Black Hundred leader to maintain an active political life in Russia after the tsar's downfall". However, the revolution meant that Purishkevich initially had to moderate his politics. He called for the abolition of the Soviets , who were, in turn, calling for the abolition of the Duma. In August 1917, he wanted a military dictatorship; he

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