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123-615: The Princeton Branch, also known as the Dinky, or the Princeton Junction and Back (PJ&B), is a commuter rail line and service owned and operated by New Jersey Transit (NJT) in the U.S. state of New Jersey . The line is a short branch of the Northeast Corridor Line , running from Princeton Junction northwest to Princeton with no intermediate stops (the line had an intermediate stop, Penns Neck, until 1971). The branch

246-579: A Grice & Long wood-burning steam dummy for passenger service, and took about 20 minutes each way. The Pennsylvania Railroad leased and began to operate the C&;A, including the Princeton Branch, in 1871. The branch was re-aligned and double-tracked in 1905 to handle popular college football weekends, upgraded from coal to a gasoline-electric train in 1933, fully electrified in 1936, and single-tracked again in 1956. The 1956 rail bridge over U.S. Route 1

369-526: A car ride from a wealthy upper-class man driven by his resentful working-class chauffeur, a brash Amory speaks out in favor of socialism in the United States—although he admits he is still formulating his thoughts as he is talking. While riding in the expensive Locomobile , Amory concludes his argument about their time's societal ills and articulates his disillusionment with the current historical era. He announces his hope to stand alongside those in

492-651: A city's central business district, and often share right-of-way with intercity or freight trains. Some services operate only during peak hours and others use fewer departures during off peak hours and weekends. Average speeds are high, often 50 km/h (30 mph) or higher. These higher speeds better serve the longer distances involved. Some services include express services which skip some stations in order to run faster and separate longer distance riders from short-distance ones. The general range of commuter trains' travel distance varies between 15 and 200 km (10 and 125 miles), but longer distances can be covered when

615-524: A congratulatory letter to Fitzgerald: "I am very glad, personally, to be able to write to you that we are all for publishing your book This Side of Paradise ... I think that you have improved it enormously... The book is so different that it is hard to prophesy how it will sell but we are all for taking a chance and supporting it with vigor." Upon receiving Perkin's letter and learning of his first novel's impending publication, Fitzgerald became euphoric. "The postman rang, and that day I quit work and ran along

738-646: A cultural phenomenon among young Americans. According to writer John O'Hara , half a million young men and women "fell in love with the book," and, according to essayist Glenway Wescott , Fitgerald's novel became the rallying banner of the "youth movement". The novel's immense popularity among American youth stemmed from its frank portrayal of their chafing under the outdated social mores of Wilsonian America. Although earlier works about collegiate life had been published such as Owen Johnson 's Stover at Yale (1912), Fitzgerald's work became heralded as "the first realistic American college novel", and young Americans viewed

861-532: A failure, Fitzgerald became a recluse and lived on the top floor of his parents' home at 599 Summit Avenue on Cathedral Hill. He decided to make one last attempt to become a novelist and to stake everything on the success or failure of a book. Abstaining from alcohol, he worked day and night to revise The Romantic Egotist as This Side of Paradise —an autobiographical account of his Princeton years and his romances with Ginevra King, Zelda Sayre, Elizabeth Beckwith MacKie, and other young women. Fitzgerald chose

984-713: A famous novelist. "Three months before I was born," Scott later wrote, "my mother lost her other two children... I think I started then to be a writer." While attending Princeton University, his passion for writing literature began to solidify into a career choice, and he wrote fiction as an undergraduate for the Princeton Triangle Club , the Princeton Tiger , and the Nassau Literary Review . During his sophomore year at Princeton, Fitzgerald returned home to Saint Paul, Minnesota during Christmas break where

1107-413: A headway rather than a published timetable and use dedicated tracks (underground or elevated), whereas commuter rail often shares tracks, technology and the legal framework within mainline railway systems, and uses rolling stocks with more seating and higher speed for comfort on longer city-suburban journeys. However, the classification as a metro or rapid rail can be difficult as both may typically cover

1230-545: A man of wealth and status. Rejected by the materialistic Rosalind due to his lack of financial prospects and his inability to support her affluent lifestyle, a distraught Amory quits his advertising job and goes on an alcoholic bender for three weeks until the start of prohibition in the United States . When Amory travels to visit an uncle in Maryland, he meets Eleanor Savage, a beautiful and reckless atheist. Eleanor chafes under

1353-577: A metropolitan area exclusively, run on separate tracks in the centre, and often feature purpose-built rolling stock. The fact that the terminology is not standardised across countries (even across English-speaking countries) further complicates matters. This distinction is most easily made when there are two (or more) systems such as New York's subway and the LIRR and Metro-North Railroad , Paris' Métro and RER along with Transilien , Washington D.C.'s Metro along with its MARC and VRE , London's tube lines of

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1476-444: A national figure. He riveted the public's attention on the promiscuous activities of their sons and daughters cavorting in the rumble seats of Bearcat roadsters and prompted a national conversation over the perceived immorality of this hedonistic younger generation. Despite the fact that Fitzgerald had composed the work nearly half a decade earlier and his novel chronicled the restrained pre-war 1910s social milieu at Princeton,

1599-528: A quote from Zelda's letters for a soliloquy by the narrator in the final pages. Zelda had written a letter eulogizing the Confederate soldiers who died during the American Civil War . "I've spent today in the graveyard," she wrote to Scott, "Isn't it funny how, out of a row of Confederate soldiers, two or three will make you think of dead lovers and dead loves—when they're exactly like the others, even to

1722-679: A result of Fitzgerald's new fame as a celebrated author chronicling "youth in revolt" against traditional values, social conservatives attacked the young author in the press. Heywood Broun decried Fitzgerald's use of modern slang and attempted to discredit Fitzgerald by claiming the young author wholly fabricated his novel's depiction of young people engaging in drunken sprees and premarital sex. An amused Fitzgerald publicly ridiculed such allegations, and he opined that such critics wished to discredit his work in order to retain their outdated conceptions of American society. The majority of critics lauded Fitzgerald's debut novel with "wild enthusiasm", and

1845-439: A sensation in the United States, and reviewers hailed it as an outstanding debut novel. Overnight, F. Scott Fitzgerald became a household name. The book went through twelve printings and sold 49,075 copies. While the book did not make him wealthy, his newfound fame enabled him to earn higher rates for his short stories, and his improved financial prospects persuaded his fiancée Zelda Sayre to marry him. Although not one of

1968-537: A truly amazing first novel—original in structure, extremely sophisticated in manner, and adorned with a brilliancy that is as rare in American writing... The young American novelist usually reveals himself as a naive, sentimental and somewhat disgusting ignoramus—a believer in Great Causes , a snuffler and eye-roller, a spouter of stale philosophies out of Kensington drawing rooms , the doggeries of French hack-drivers , and

2091-519: A wealthy Chicago polo player, a heartbroken Fitzgerald professed his affection for Zelda in September 1918. In October 1918, Fitzgerald submitted a revised version of The Romantic Egoist to Scribner's, but the publisher rejected the work a second time, and he captioned their telegram in his scrapbook: " The end of a dream ." After his army discharge in February 1919, Fitzgerald moved to New York City amid

2214-432: A wealthy debutante whom he first met as a boy. Amory and Isabelle embark upon a romantic relationship. While at Princeton, Amory deluges Isabelle with letters and poems, but she becomes disenchanted with him due to his criticism. After his prom, they break up on Long Island. Following their separation, Amory goes with a Princeton classmate to an apartment occupied by two New York showgirls of easy virtue. He considers staying

2337-500: A young Midwesterner , is convinced that he has a great destiny, but the precise nature of this destiny is uncertain. He attends a posh college-preparatory school where he becomes a football quarterback and then enters Princeton University. He grows estranged from his eccentric mother Beatrice Blaine and becomes the protégé of Monsignor Thayer Darcy, a Catholic priest. During his sophomore year at Princeton, he returns to Minneapolis over Christmas break and falls in love with Isabelle Borgé ,

2460-531: Is an attractive middle-class student at Princeton University who dabbles in literature and engages in a series of unfulfilling romances with young women. The novel explores themes of love warped by greed and social ambition. Fitzgerald, who took inspiration for the title from a line in Rupert Brooke 's poem Tiare Tahiti , spent years revising the novel before Scribner's accepted it for publication. Within months of its publication, This Side of Paradise became

2583-874: Is especially the case for lines operated by Korail , such as the Gyeongui-Jungang Line , the Gyeongchun Line , the Suin-Bundang Line , or the Gyeonggang Line . Even some lines not operated by Korail, such as the AREX Line, the Seohae Line or the Shinbundang Line mostly function as commuter rail. Lastly, even for the "numbered lines" (1–9) of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway which mostly travel in

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2706-457: Is essential to achieving balance. Wandering through a graveyard at twilight, he reflects on mortality and finds solace in the fact that future generations may one day ponder his life. He reflects upon the next generation—inheriting disillusionment and a loss of faith, yet still chasing love and success. Standing alone and gazing at Princeton's gothic towers , Amory feels a newfound freedom. In a moment of self-realization, he stretches out his arms to

2829-591: Is heavily used by commuters in the Greater Tokyo Area , who commute between 100 and 200 km (62 and 124 mi) by Shinkansen . To meet the demand of commuters, JR sells commuter discount passes. Before 2021, they operated 16-car bilevel E4 Series Shinkansen trains at rush hour, providing a capacity of 1,600 seats. Several lines in China, such as the Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway and

2952-417: Is often a case of asset sweating , by using a single large combined fleet for intercity and regional services. Loco hauled services are usually run in push-pull formation, that is, the train can run with the locomotive at the "front" or "rear" of the train (pushing or pulling). Trains are often equipped with a control cab at the other end of the train from the locomotive, allowing the train operator to operate

3075-1884: Is one suburban rail called the Chittagong Circular Railway . Another suburban railway called the Dhaka Circular Railway is currently proposed. Karachi in Pakistan has a circular railway since 1969. Tehran Metro currently operates the Line 5 commuter line between Tehran and Karaj . Turkey has lines connecting Başkentray , İZBAN , Marmaray and Gaziray . Major metropolitan areas in most European countries are usually served by extensive commuter/suburban rail systems. Well-known examples include BG Voz in Belgrade (Serbia), S-Bahn in Germany, Austria and German-speaking areas of Switzerland, Proastiakos in Greece, RER in France and Belgium, Servizio ferroviario suburbano in Italy, Cercanías and Rodalies ( Catalonia ) in Spain, CP Urban Services in Portugal, Esko in Prague and Ostrava (Czech Republic), HÉV in Budapest (Hungary) and DART in Dublin (Ireland). London has multiple commuter rail routes: The Merseyrail network in Liverpool consists of two commuter rail routes powered by third rail, both of which branch out at one end. At

3198-470: Is operationally more like a typical metro system (frequent trains, an emphasis on standing passengers , short station spacings) than it is like commuter rail in other countries. Japanese commuter rail commonly interline with city center subway lines, with commuter rail trains continuing into the subway network, and then out onto different commuter rail systems on the other side of the city. Many Japanese commuter systems operate various stopping patterns to reduce

3321-517: Is risen, who speaketh for Youth in Revolt!" wrote The Montgomery Advertiser , describing the reaction to Fitzgerald's novel. "All things formerly held to be beautiful, good and true are now become futile, fatuous and fabulous, and worthy of respect no more. The bob-haired girl and the mop topped boy shall teach you the Facts of Life. Go to, ye elders, hearken unto them!'" The author became identified as leading

3444-432: Is served by special 1-or-2 car trains. Now running 2.7 mi (4.3 km) along a single track, it is the shortest scheduled commuter rail line in the United States. The run takes approximately 5 minutes in each direction. At the initiative of Princeton University , the line was shortened by 460 ft (140 m) in order to construct a new University Arts Center. A new station opened on November 17, 2014. Service on

3567-526: Is still possible to tell them apart. Some operators, for example Thameslink , focus solely on commuter services. Others, such as Avanti West Coast and LNER , run solely intercity services. Others still, such as GWR and EMR , run a mixture of commuter, regional and intercity services. Some of these operators use different branding for different types of service (for example EMR brands its trains as either "InterCity", "Connect" for London commuter services, and "Regional") but even for those operators that do not,

3690-469: Is the only adequate study that we have had of the contemporary American in adolescence and young manhood." "The prize first novel of a decade is F. Scott Fitzgerald's This Side of Paradise ," critic Fanny Butcher raved in her June 1920 column for The Chicago Tribune , singling out Fitzgerald for particular praise amid other competitors that included the U.S. publication of Virginia Woolf 's first novel The Voyage Out and Zane Grey 's novel A Man for

3813-570: Is used in Australia (Sydney for example) to describe the regional trains operating beyond the boundaries of the suburban services, even though some of these "inter-city" services stop all stations similar to German regional services. In this regard, the German service delineations and naming conventions are clearer and better used for academic purposes. Sometimes high-speed rail can serve daily use of commuters. The Japanese Shinkansen high speed rail system

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3936-426: Is widely used in many commuter rail trains to increase capacity in rush hours. Carriages are usually not organized to increase seating capacity (although in some trains at least one carriage would feature more doors to facilitate easier boarding and alighting and bench seats so that they can be folded up during rush hour to provide more standing room) even in the case of commuting longer than 50 km and commuters in

4059-900: The Brisbane ( Queensland Rail 's City network ) and Perth ( Transperth ) systems in Australia, in some systems in Sweden, and on the Genoa-Casella line in Italy. Some countries and regions, including Finland , India, Pakistan, Russia , Brazil and Sri Lanka, as well as San Francisco ( BART ) in the US and Melbourne and Adelaide in Australia, use broad gauge track. Metro rail and rapid transit usually cover smaller inner-urban areas within 12 to 20 km (7 to 12 mi) of city centers, with shorter stop spacing, use rolling stocks with larger standing spaces, lower top speed and higher acceleration, designed for short-distance travel. They also run more frequently, to

4182-747: The Chennai MRTS , also covers over 300 stations and carries more than 2.5 million people daily to different areas in Chennai and its surroundings. Other commuter railways in India include the Hyderabad MMTS , Delhi Suburban Railway , Pune Suburban Railway and Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway . In 2020, Government of India approved Bengaluru Suburban Railway to connect Bengaluru and its suburbs. It will be unique and first of its kind in India as it will have metro like facilities and rolling stock. In Bangladesh, there

4305-519: The Greater Tokyo Area , Seoul metropolitan area , and Jabodetabek area have to stand in the train for more than an hour. Currently there are not many examples of commuter rail in Africa . Metrorail operates in the major cities of South Africa , and there are some commuter rail services in Algeria , Botswana , Kenya , Morocco , Egypt and Tunisia . In Algeria, SNTF operates commuter rail lines between

4428-811: The Guangshen Railway have more frequent metro-like service. The two MTR lines which are owned and formerly operated by the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation ( East Rail line and Tuen Ma line which is integrated from the former West Rail line and Ma On Shan line in 2021), then the "KCR" ), and MTR's own Tung Chung line connect the new towns in New Territories and the city centre Kowloon together with frequent intervals, and some New Territories-bound trains terminate at intermediate stations, providing more frequent services in Kowloon and

4551-571: The Jakarta city center with surrounding cities and sub-urbans in Banten and West Java provinces, including Depok , Bogor , Tangerang , Serpong , Rangkasbitung , Bekasi and Cikarang . In July 2015, KRL Commuterline served more than 850,000 passengers per day, which is almost triple of the 2011 figures, but still less than 3.5% of all Jabodetabek commutes. Other commuter rail systems in Indonesia include

4674-947: The Metro Surabaya Commuter Line , Commuter Line Bandung , KAI Commuter Yogyakarta–Solo Line , Kedung Sepur , and the Sri Lelawangsa . In the Philippines, the Philippine National Railways has two commuter rail systems currently operational; the PNR Metro Commuter Line in the Greater Manila Area and the PNR Bicol Commuter in the Bicol Region . A new commuter rail line in Metro Manila,

4797-597: The North–South Commuter Railway , is currently under construction. Its North section is set to be partially opened by 2021. In Malaysia, there are two commuter services operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu . They are the KTM Komuter that serves Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding Klang Valley area , and the KTM Komuter Northern Sector that serves Greater Penang , Perak , Kedah and Perlis in

4920-695: The Réseau Express Régional (RER) in Paris, the S Lines in Milan, many Japanese commuter systems, the East Rail line in Hong Kong, and some Australasian suburban networks, such as Sydney Trains . Many commuter rail systems share tracks with other passenger services and freight . In North America, commuter rail sometimes refers only to systems that primarily operate during rush hour and offer little to no service for

5043-753: The Shanghai–Nanjing High-Speed Railway , serve a similar role with many more under construction or planned. In South Korea, some sections of the high-speed rail network are also heavily used by commuters, such as the section between Gwangmyeong Station and Seoul Station on the KTX network ( Gyeongbu HSR Line ), or the section between Dongtan Station and Suseo station on the SRT Line. The high-speed services linking Zürich , Bern and Basel in Switzerland (200 km/h (120 mph)) have brought

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5166-573: The Underground and the Overground , Elizabeth line , Thameslink along with other commuter rail operators , Madrid's Metro and Cercanías , Barcelona's Metro and Rodalies , and Tokyo's subway and the JR lines along with various privately owned and operated commuter rail systems. Regional rail usually provides rail services between towns and cities, rather than purely linking major population hubs in

5289-592: The Yamanote Line , Keihin Tohoku Line , Chūō–Sōbu Line services arguably are more akin to rapid transit with frequent stops, simple stopping patterns (relative to other JR East lines) no branching services and largely serving the inner suburbs; other services along the Chūō Rapid Line , Sōbu Rapid Line / Yokosuka Line , Ueno–Tokyo Line , Shōnan–Shinjuku Line etc. are mid-distance services from suburban lines in

5412-580: The armistice with Imperial Germany in November 1918, Amory settles in New York City as it undergoes the birth pangs of the Jazz Age . Rebounding from Isabelle, he becomes infatuated with Rosalind Connage , a cruel and narcissistic flapper . Desperate for a job, Amory is hired by an advertising agency, but he detests the work. His relationship with Rosalind deteriorates as she prefers a rival suitor, Dawson Ryder,

5535-439: The "Dinky" or the "PJ&B" (for "Princeton Junction and Back"), is a unique symbol of Princeton University that has grown over time to emblemize the university. It is mentioned in F. Scott Fitzgerald 's This Side of Paradise , featured in the television program Family Ties when young Alex Keaton goes for his on-campus interview, and it is also in the 1934 Bing Crosby movie She Loves Me Not . The theme of Princeton and

5658-405: The 18-year-old aspiring writer met and fell in love with 16-year-old Chicago debutante Ginevra King . They began a passionate romantic relationship spanning several years. Although Ginevra loved him, her upper-class family belittled Scott's courtship because of his lower-class status compared to her other wealthy suitors. Rejected by Ginevra as a suitable match, a suicidal Fitzgerald enlisted in

5781-495: The 300 km/h (186 mph) Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway . The regional trains Stockholm – Uppsala , Stockholm– Västerås , Stockholm– Eskilstuna and Gothenburg – Trollhättan in Sweden reach 200 km/h (120 mph) and have many daily commuters. In Great Britain , the HS1 domestic services between London and Ashford runs at a top speed of 225 km/h, and in peak hours

5904-492: The Ages . Butcher declared Fitzgerald's book to be "the living, palpitant being of the youth of the hour, a book which, I haven't a doubt in the world, will have a serious and far reaching effect on American literature." Perhaps the most influential review of Fitzgerald's novel came from critic H. L. Mencken , the notoriously acerbic editor of the influential literary magazine The Smart Set . Mencken's authoritative opinions on

6027-517: The Central Business Districts (CBDs) of these three cities within 1 hour of each other. This has resulted in unexpectedly high demand for new commuter trips between the three cities and a corresponding increase in suburban rail passengers accessing the high-speed services at the main city-centre stations ( Hauptbahnhof ). The Regional-Express commuter service between Munich and Nuremberg in Germany runs at 200 km/h (120 mph) on

6150-425: The Dinky was the usual mode of transportation for women dating members of the then all-male student body. On a Friday evening, four Princeton University students, riding horses in Western attire , ambushed the train as it was arriving at Princeton station. A convertible was parked across the track, forcing the Dinky to come to an abrupt halt. The men, including George R. Bunn Jr. of the Bunn coffee maker family, who

6273-402: The East Rail Line share tracks with intercity trains to mainland China . The three KCR lines are integrated into the MTR network since 2008 and most passengers do not need to exit and re-enter the system through separate fare gates and purchase separate tickets to transfer between such lines and the rest of the network (the exceptions are between the Tuen Ma line's East Tsim Sha Tsui station and

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6396-523: The Jazz Age generation were those Americans younger than Fitzgerald who had been adolescents during World War I and largely untouched by the conflict's psychological horrors. Fitzgerald later described this younger generation as brusquely shouldering himself and his contemporaries out of the way and dancing with wild abandon into the national spotlight: "This was the generation whose girls dramatized themselves as flappers". Due to its focus on liberated flappers and college life, Fitzgerald's novel became

6519-526: The Jazz Age generation were younger Americans who had been adolescents during World War I and largely untouched by the conflict's horrors. Fitzgerald's novel riveted the nation's attention on the leisure activities of this hedonistic younger generation and sparked societal debate over their perceived immorality. The novel created the widespread perception of Fitzgerald as a libertine chronicler of rebellious youth and proselytizer of Jazz Age hedonism which led many reactionary societal figures to denounce

6642-433: The Netherlands carry many commuters, while their equipment, range, and speeds are similar to those of commuter trains in some larger countries. The United Kingdom has a privatised rail system, with different routes and services covered by different private operators. The distinction between commuter and intercity rail is not as clear as it was before privatisation (when InterCity existed as a brand of its own), but usually it

6765-569: The Princeton Branch was temporarily suspended and replaced by shuttle buses from October 14, 2018, through May 11, 2019, as part of NJT's systemwide service reductions during the installation and testing of positive train control . The Princeton Branch provides rail service directly to the Princeton University campus from Princeton Junction, where New Jersey Transit and Amtrak provide Northeast Corridor rail service, heading northeast to Newark , New York City , and Boston , and southwest to Trenton , Philadelphia , and Washington, D.C. As of 2016,

6888-411: The Tsuen Wan line's Tsim Sha Tsui station . In Taiwan, the Western line in the Taipei - Taoyuan Metropolitan Area, Taichung Metropolitan Area and Tainan - Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area as well as the Neiwan - Liujia line in the Hsinchu Area are considered commuter rail. In South Korea, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway includes a total of 22 lines, and some of its lines are suburban lines. This

7011-503: The United States Army amid World War I. In November 1917, hoping to have a novel published before his deployment to Europe and his anticipated death in the muddy trenches of World War I, Fitzgerald began writing a 120,000-word manuscript titled The Romantic Egotist . Having never before undertaken a novel, he relied upon H. G. Wells ' 1909 novel Tono-Bungay and Sir Compton Mackenzie 's 1913 novel Sinister Street as his literary templates. He sought to write "searchingly

7134-418: The author and his work. He subsequently became regarded as "the outstanding aggressor" in the social rebellion of " flaming youth " against the "old guard". Consequently, when Fitzgerald died in 1940, many social conservatives rejoiced. Due to this perception of Fitzgerald and his works, the Baltimore Diocese refused his family permission to bury him at St. Mary's Church in Rockville, Maryland . Here

7257-470: The branch schedule includes 41 round trips each weekday. The line is served by a two-car set of GE Arrow III self-propelled electric coach cars. In September 2018, New Jersey Transit announced that it would be suspending all service on the Princeton Branch from mid-October 2018 until mid-January 2019, and providing shuttle bus service instead. Restoration of train service was later postponed until May 12, 2019. Systemwide service reductions were attributed to

7380-467: The capital Algiers and its southern and eastern suburbs. They also serve to connect Algiers ' main universities to each other. The Dar es Salaam commuter rail offers intracity services in Dar es Salaam , Tanzania. In Botswana, the ( Botswana Railways ) "BR Express" has a commuter train between Lobatse and Gaborone . In Japan, commuter rail systems have extensive network and frequent service and are heavily used. In many cases, Japanese commuter rail

7503-446: The change in morals among young Americans and did not leave "any real lasting effect," Fitzgerald attributed the sexual revolution among youth to a combination of popular literature by H. G. Wells and other intellectuals criticizing repressive social norms, Sigmund Freud 's sexual theories gaining salience, and the invention of the automobile allowing youths to escape parental surveillance in order to engage in premarital sex . As

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7626-404: The company agreed to publish it. "My feeling is that a publisher's first allegiance is to talent. And if we aren't going to publish a talent like this, it is a very serious thing," Perkins declared at the meeting. "If we're going to turn down the likes of Fitzgerald, I will lose all interest in publishing books." Despite the fact that Fitzgerald's manuscript repelled older employees at Scribner's,

7749-413: The condition that he could now afford her privileged lifestyle. By the time of their wedding in April 1920, Fitzgerald claimed neither he nor Zelda still loved each other, and the early years of their marriage proved a disappointment. Despite the disappointment of his marriage, Fitzgerald had achieved the peak of his fame and cultural salience, and he recalled traveling in a taxi one afternoon through

7872-424: The creation of the organization Save the Dinky and a lengthy series of legal challenges. In October 2010, the Princeton Regional Planning Board passed a resolution supporting the continuation of train service. The new Princeton station opened on November 17, 2014, with construction continuing on a complex of arts and dining buildings in the surrounding area. As of 2017, weekday ridership was down 20 percent from 2012,

7995-417: The dense parts of Seoul, some track sections extend far outside of the city, and operate large sections at ground level, such as on the Line 1 , Line 3 and Line 4 . In Busan, the Donghae Line , while part of the Busan Metro system, mostly functions as a commuter rail line. In Indonesia , the KRL Commuterline is the largest commuter rail system in the country, serving the Greater Jakarta . It connects

8118-417: The executives relented out of fear of losing Perkins as a gifted editor and literary talent scout. On September 16, eight days before Fitzgerald's 23rd birthday, Scribner's accepted the novel for publication. Now able to express their opinions, lower-ranking editors at Scribner's opined that they believed Fitzgerald's novel represented the "voice of a new age". Soon after Scribner's decision, Perkins wrote

8241-416: The former BR 's Regional Railways , France's TER ( Transport express régional ), Germany's Regionalexpress and Regionalbahn , and South Korea's Tonggeun and Mugunghwa-ho services. In some European countries, the distinction between commuter trains and long-distance/intercity trains is subtle, due to the relatively short distances involved. For example, so-called " intercity " trains in Belgium and

8364-412: The free-spirited character based on Ginevra in his unpublished manuscript. After sharing his ambitions, Zelda dismissed Fitzgerald's remarks as mere boastfulness and concluded that he would never become a famous writer. A romance blossomed, although Fitzgerald continued secretly writing to Ginevra, hoping in vain for a chance to resume their relationship. Three days after Ginevra's arranged marriage to

8487-401: The installation and testing of positive train control , compounded by a shortage of train engineers. The automatic braking system will not be installed on the Princeton Branch itself. When the Camden and Amboy Rail Road and Transportation Company (C&A) opened its original Trenton – New Brunswick line in 1839, completing the first rail connection between Philadelphia and New York Harbor,

8610-463: The last full year of the old station. The Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission and New Jersey Transit have conducted studies to develop the Central New Jersey Route 1 Bus Rapid Transit Project . Parts of the proposals call for the construction of a "Dinky Transitway" along the Princeton Branch right-of-way, which would incorporate the rail service and add exclusive bus lanes and a greenway for bicycle and pedestrian traffic. In April 2012,

8733-446: The later chapters, particularly Amory's relations with Eleanor. In his annotated copy of This Side of Paradise , Fitzgerald belatedly deemed his Eleanor subplot to be unintentionally hilarious and admitted he could not "even bear to read it." ) Believing that Fitzgerald's protagonist began to elude the author in the second half, Mencken criticized Fitzgerald for dropping "his Amory Blaine as Mark Twain dropped Huckleberry Finn , but for

8856-401: The latest literary endeavors often lifted their authors upward toward greater success or cast them down into cultural oblivion. In his August 1920 review of This Side of Paradise , Mencken described Fitzgerald's work as an amazing debut and lavished praise on its author: The best American novel that I have seen of late is also the product of a neophyte, to wit, F. Scott Fitzgerald... He offers

8979-403: The line was located along the east bank of the newly completed Delaware and Raritan Canal , about one mile (2 km) from downtown Princeton. A new alignment (now the Northeast Corridor Line ) opened on November 23, 1863, but some passenger trains continued to use the old line until the Princeton Branch opened on May 29, 1865, at the end of the American Civil War . The branch's first train used

9102-507: The lower floor of the Munich Hofbräuhaus ... Fitzgerald is nothing of the sort. On the contrary, he is... an artist—an apt and delicate weaver of words... Mencken declared the first half of This Side of Paradise to be superior to the second half, perceiving that Fitzgerald's novel became more "thin" as the young author followed less autobiographical, more imaginary plot strands. (Fitzgerald seemingly agreed with Mencken's low opinion of

9225-430: The manuscript after making these revisions. By June 1918, Fitzgerald served with the 45th and 67th Infantry Regiments at Camp Sheridan near Montgomery, Alabama. Attempting to rebound from Ginevra's rejection, a lonely Fitzgerald began courting young women, including Zelda Sayre , an idle Southern belle , who reminded him of Ginevra. At their first meeting, Fitzgerald told Zelda that she reminded him of Isabelle,

9348-520: The manuscript, but senior editors Edward L. Burlingame and William C. Brownell disagreed with him regarding its quality and instructed him to reject the work. In an August 19, 1918 letter to Fitzgerald, Perkins turned down the manuscript but praised the writer's talent. Although he had been instructed to reject the work, Perkins provided detailed guidance on how to revise it, suggesting that Fitzgerald add more significance and details about his "affairs with girls." Perkins encouraged Fitzgerald to resubmit

9471-450: The most enthusiastic reviewers went so far as to hail the young Midwestern writer as a literary genius. In his April 1920 review, critic Burton Rascoe of The Chicago Tribune urged his readers to "make a note of the name, F. Scott Fitzgerald. It is borne by a 23 year old novelist who will, unless I am much mistaken, be much heard of hereafter." Rascoe asserted that Fitzgerald's first novel bore "the impress, it seems to me, of genius. It

9594-469: The new title based on a line in Rupert Brooke 's poem Tiare Tahiti , "Well this side of Paradise!... There's little comfort in the wise." While revising the manuscript, Fitzgerald drew upon the correspondence of friends and acquaintances. He quoted verbatim three letters and one poem by Father Sigourney Fay, a possibly gay Catholic priest with whom Fitzgerald had a close relationship. He also used

9717-582: The next three months, and the two became engaged by March 1919. As time passed, Fitzgerald continued living in poverty in New York City, and he could not convince Zelda that he could support her affluent lifestyle. She broke off their engagement in June. Limbs that gleam and shadowy hair, Or floating lazy, half-asleep. Dive and double and follow after, Snare in flowers, and kiss, and call, With lips that fade, and human laughter And faces individual, Well this side of Paradise! . . . There's little comfort in

9840-528: The night with the showgirls, but his conscience and an apparition compel him to leave. After graduating from his alma mater , he enlists in the United States Army amid World War I . He is shipped overseas to serve in the muddy trenches of the Western front . While overseas, he learns his mother Beatrice has died and most of his family's wealth has been lost due to a series of failed investments. After

9963-917: The northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. In Thailand, the Greater Bangkok Commuter rail and the Airport Rail Link serve the Bangkok Metropolitan Region . The SRT Red Lines , a new commuter line in Bangkok, started construction in 2009. It opened in 2021. Another commuter rail system in Southeast Asia is the Yangon Circular Railway in Myanmar . In India, commuter rail systems are present in major cities and form an important part of people's daily lives. Mumbai Suburban Railway ,

10086-412: The novel as a guide for social conduct. Newspapers reported that young American women read the novel as a guide for their rebellious behavior, and some writers miscredited Fitzgerald's novel with creating the cultural archetype of the flapper. With his photograph appearing in many newspapers, the national press depicted Fitzgerald as the standard-bearer for "youth in revolt". "'Behold a new prophet

10209-433: The novel on the grounds of indecency. At the monthly meeting of Scribner's editorial board, an elderly Charles Scribner II , the president of the company, grumbled that Fitzgerald's work lacked "literary merit," and senior editor William C. Brownell dismissed it as "frivolous." As the lone voice supporting the publication of Fitzgerald's novel at the editorial board meeting, a frustrated Perkins threatened to resign unless

10332-516: The novel provided only modest income for Fitzgerald. Copies sold for $ 1.75 (equivalent to $ 27 in 2023), and he earned 10% on the first 5,000 copies and 15% thereafter, totaling $ 6,200 in 1920 (equivalent to $ 94,298 in 2023). Although Fitzgerald complained to his friend Burton Rascoe that "the book didn't make me as rich as I thought it would", his new fame enabled him to earn much higher rates for his short stories, and he could now convince Zelda to marry him. Zelda resumed her engagement on

10455-1003: The number expected to rise even higher upon full completion of the Acharnes Railway Center . Eskişehir-Ankara and Konya-Ankara high speed train routes serve as high speed commuter trains in Turkey. Commuter/suburban trains are usually optimized for maximum passenger volume, in most cases without sacrificing too much comfort and luggage space, though they seldom have all the amenities of long-distance trains. Cars may be single- or double-level , and aim to provide seating for all. Compared to intercity trains, they have less space, fewer amenities and limited baggage areas. Commuter rail trains are usually composed of multiple units , which are self-propelled, bidirectional, articulated passenger rail cars with driving motors on each (or every other) bogie . Depending on local circumstances and tradition they may be powered either by diesel engines located below

10578-522: The oldest suburban rail system in Asia, carries more than 7.24 million commuters on a daily basis which constitutes more than half of the total daily passenger capacity of the Indian Railways itself. Kolkata Suburban Railway , one of the largest suburban railway networks in the world, consists of more than 450 stations and carries more than 3.5 million commuters per day. The Chennai Suburban Railway along with

10701-560: The onset of the Jazz Age . While seeking a breakthrough as an author of fiction, he turned to writing advertising copy for Barron Collier to sustain himself but the vacuity of the work irritated him. "Advertising is a racket, like the movies and the brokerage business," Fitzgerald complained. "You cannot be honest without admitting that its constructive contribution to humanity is exactly minus zero." Although Fitzgerald had not intended to marry Zelda in December 1918, he changed his mind over

10824-563: The other, the Northern line continues out of the city centre to a mainline rail interchange, while the Wirral line has a city-centre loop. This Side of Paradise This Side of Paradise is the debut novel by American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald , published in March 1920. It examines the lives and morality of carefree American youth at the dawn of the Jazz Age . Its protagonist, Amory Blaine,

10947-688: The outer reaches of Greater Tokyo through operating into these lines to form a high frequency corridor though central Tokyo. Other commuter rail routes in Japan include: Commuter rail systems have been inaugurated in several cities in China such as Beijing , Shanghai , Zhengzhou , Wuhan , Changsha and the Pearl River Delta . With plans for large systems in northeastern Zhejiang , Jingjinji , and Yangtze River Delta areas. The level of service varies considerably from line to line ranging high to near high speeds. More developed and established lines such as

11070-423: The passenger compartment ( diesel multiple units ) or by electricity picked up from third rails or overhead lines ( electric multiple units ). Multiple units are almost invariably equipped with control cabs at both ends, which is why such units are so frequently used to provide commuter services, due to the associated short turn-around time. Locomotive hauled services are used in some countries or locations. This

11193-415: The precipice, and Amory realizes that he does not love her. Returning to New York City, Amory learns that the fickle Rosalind is now engaged to be married to his wealthy rival Dawson Ryder, and he declares that Rosalind is now dead to him. Amory is further dispirited to learn that his beloved mentor, Monsignor Darcy, has died. Homeless, Amory wanders from New York City to his alma mater Princeton. Accepting

11316-475: The religious conformity and gender limitations imposed on her by contemporary society in Wilsonian America . Amory and Eleanor spend a lazy summer conversing about love. On their final night together, before Amory must return to New York City, Eleanor attempts suicide by riding her horse over a cliff in order to prove her disbelief in any deity. At the last moment, she leaps to safety as her horse plummets over

11439-442: The replacement of the 1918 Princeton station house, the shortening of the trackage right-of-way , and the creation of a new terminus 460 ft (140 m) to the south. Rail advocates opposed the relocation, fearing that access to the new station would be less convenient, resulting in decreased ridership that could "threaten the train's existence." The proposal prompted protest from residents, students, faculty and alumni, and led to

11562-552: The rest of the day, with regional rail being used to refer to systems that offer all-day service. Most commuter (or suburban) trains are built to main line rail standards, differing from light rail or rapid transit (metro rail) systems by: Compared to rapid transit (or metro rail), commuter/suburban rail often has lower frequency , following a schedule rather than fixed intervals, and fewer stations spaced further apart. They primarily serve lower density suburban areas (non inner-city), generally only having one or two stops in

11685-543: The revised manuscript to his acquaintance, Anglo-Irish journalist Shane Leslie , to deliver to Charles Scribner's Sons in New York City. Fitzgerald had met Leslie when the journalist visited America and toured the Newman School in New Jersey. After proofreading The Romantic Egotist , Leslie asked Scribner's to retain the manuscript no matter what they thought of it. He proclaimed that Fitzgerald, upon his presumed death in

11808-402: The revolt against traditional social mores of Wilsonian America and regarded as "the outstanding aggressor" in the rebellion of " flaming youth " against the "old guard". Capitalizing on his new standing as a celebrated author with his finger on the pulse of young America, Fitzgerald gave interviews discoursing on youth culture. Declaring that World War I "had little or nothing to do" with

11931-488: The same right-of-way can drastically reduce system construction costs. However, frequently they are built with dedicated tracks within that right-of-way to prevent delays, especially where service densities have converged in the inner parts of the network. Most such trains run on the local standard gauge track. Some systems may run on a narrower or broader gauge. Examples of narrow gauge systems are found in Japan, Indonesia , Malaysia , Thailand , Taiwan, Switzerland, in

12054-519: The sky and proclaims, "I know myself . . . but that is all." I don't know what it is in me or that comes to me when I start to write. I am half feminine—at least my mind is.... Even my feminine characters are feminine Scott Fitzgeralds. —F. Scott Fitzgerald, 1935 Most of the characters are drawn from Fitzgerald's life, although he often created composites and imbued many of the female characters with his own personality traits and thoughts. Since childhood, F. Scott Fitzgerald aspired to become

12177-466: The slogan, "A Novel About Flappers Written For Philosophers," the initial printing of 3,000 copies sold out in three days. Although not among the ten best-selling novels of the year, the 23-year-old F. Scott Fitzgerald's first novel proved to be his most popular work and became a cultural sensation across the United States, making him a household name. The book went through twelve printings in 1920 and 1921, totaling 49,075 copies. Despite this success,

12300-556: The story of the youth of our generation" and to put himself "in the middle as a sort of observer and conscious factor". After obtaining a brief leave from the army in February 1918, Fitzgerald continued work on his unpublished manuscript at the University Cottage Club 's library in Princeton. Eighty-one pages of this revised manuscript later appeared in the final version of This Side of Paradise . In March 1918, Fitzgerald gave

12423-463: The streets of New York City and weeping when he realized he that he would never be as happy again. " This Side of Paradise was the flaming skyrocket of its season... [Fitzgerald's] photograph appeared in all of the exclusive journals as the picture of the hope of young America, the first person to turn the spotlight on the flapper in the back seat on a lonely road..." —Fanny Butcher, The Chicago Tribune , 1925 " This Side of Paradise focused

12546-604: The streets, stopping automobiles to tell friends and acquaintances about it⁠—my novel This Side of Paradise was accepted for publication," he recalled, "I paid off my terrible small debts, bought a suit, and woke up every morning with a world of ineffable top-loftiness and promise." After Scott informed Zelda of his novel's upcoming publication, a shocked Zelda replied contritely: "I hate to say this, but I don't think I had much confidence in you at first.... It's so nice to know you really can do things". This Side of Paradise debuted on March 26, 1920. Advertised in newspapers with

12669-476: The ten best-selling novels of the year, the novel became popular among young Americans, and the national press depicted its 23-year-old author as the standard-bearer for "youth in revolt". With his debut novel, social commentators touted Fitzgerald as the first writer to turn the national spotlight on the so-called Jazz Age generation . In contrast to the older Lost Generation to which Gertrude Stein posited that Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway belonged,

12792-433: The thought of the whole nation on the problems of 'flappers and parlor snakes' which it had known before simply as its daughters and sons. Some of the old-lady magazines are still debating these problems with tiresome gravity." —Ralph Coghlan, The St. Louis Post-Dispatch , 1925 Upon its publication, Fitzgerald's This Side of Paradise caused a cultural sensation that sparked societal debate, and overnight, he became

12915-461: The towns closer to Kowloon. They use rolling stocks with a faster maximum speed and have longer stop spacing compared to other lines which only run in the inner urban area, but in order to maximise capacity and throughput, these rolling stocks have longitudinal seatings, 5 pairs of doors in each carriage with large standing spaces like the urban lines, and run as frequent as well. Most of the sections of these four lines are overground and some sections of

13038-515: The train from either end. The motive power for locomotive-hauled commuter trains may be either electric or diesel–electric , although some countries, such as Germany and some of the former Soviet-bloc countries, also use diesel–hydraulic locomotives. In the US and some other countries, a three-and-two seat plan is used. Middle seats on these trains are often less popular because passengers feel crowded and uncomfortable. In Japan, South Korea and Indonesia, longitudinal (sideways window-lining) seating

13161-424: The train is repeated in the university's own traditional homecoming song "Going Back to Nassau Hall" by Kenneth S. Clark (Class of 1905). In it, the lyric "We'll clear the track as we go back" refers to the Princeton Branch track leading to the campus. The Great Dinky Robbery was an incident on May 3, 1963, in which four men boarded the Dinky and abducted four passengers. Princeton was not yet co-educational , and

13284-549: The trains can be full with commuters standing. The Athens Suburban Railway in Greece consists of five lines, 4 of which are electrified. The Kiato – Piraeus line and the Aigio – Airport lines reach speeds of up to 180 km/h (112 mph). The Athens – Chalcis line is also expected to attain speeds of up to 200 km/h (124 mph) upon upgrading of the SKA–Oinoi railway sector. These lines also have many daily commuters, with

13407-517: The trains run between two or several cities (e.g. S-Bahn in the Ruhr area of Germany). Distances between stations may vary, but are usually much longer than those of urban rail systems. In city centres the train either has a terminal station or passes through the city centre with notably fewer station stops than those of urban rail systems. Toilets are often available on-board trains and in stations. Their ability to coexist with freight or intercity services in

13530-465: The travel time to distant locations, often using station passing loops instead of dedicated express tracks. It is notable that the larger Japanese commuter rail systems are owned and operated by for-profit private railway companies, without public subsidy. East Japan Railway Company operates a large suburban train network in Tokyo with various lines connecting the suburban areas to the city center. While

13653-417: The trenches, would become the next Rupert Brooke , a posthumously famous poet killed during World War I. "Though Scott Fitzgerald is still alive it has a literary value," Leslie wrote to Scribner's on May 6, 1918, "Of course when he is killed, it will also have a commercial value." Upon reading Fitzgerald's draft of The Romantic Egotist , Scribner's editor Max Perkins urged his superiors to publish

13776-574: The type of train, amenities offered, and stopping pattern, usually tell the services apart. Russian commuter trains , on the other hand, frequently cover areas larger than Belgium itself, although these are still short distances by Russian standards. They have a different ticketing system from long-distance trains, and in major cities they often operate from a separate section of the train station. Some consider "inter-city" service to be that which operates as an express service between two main city stations, bypassing intermediate stations. However, this term

13899-414: The university submitted a revised plan for the arts and transit center, calling for the extension of the station's freight house onto the right-of-way for possible use as a restaurant. The Regional Planning Board introduced an ordinance requiring the land be preserved for a transportation right-of-way that could eventually extend farther into Princeton's central business district at Nassau Street. According to

14022-575: The university, ownership of the trackage would have to change hands in order for the transitway to be implemented. Approvals were subsequently issued for converting the station house and the extended freight house into a pair of restaurants. Commuter rail The term can refer to systems with a wide variety of different features and service frequencies, but is often used in contrast to rapid transit or light rail . Some services share similarities with both commuter rail and high-frequency rapid transit ; examples include German S-Bahn in some cities,

14145-670: The upcoming younger generation and to bring forth a new age in America. Both the upper-class and working-class men in the car denounce his views, but when Amory discovers that the upper-class man is the father of a Princeton classmate who died in World War ;I, they reconcile. Amory amicably parts ways with his travel companions, and the upper-class man tells him: "Good luck to you and bad luck to your theories." As he approaches Princeton at midnight, Amory recognizes his inherent selfishness and realizes that transcending, not avoiding, this trait

14268-545: The upstairs lounge, [Fitzgerald] announced that he was going to jump out of the window. No one objected; on the contrary, it was pointed out that the windows were French and ideally suited for jumping, which seemed to cool his ardor." Despite Zelda's rejection, Fitzgerald hoped that his success as an author might change her mind. He told a friend, "I wouldn't care if she died, but I couldn't stand to have anybody else marry her." In July 1919, Fitzgerald quit his advertising job and returned to St. Paul. Returning to his hometown as

14391-470: The way inter-city rail does. Regional rail operates outside major cities. Unlike Inter-city, it stops at most or all stations between cities. It provides a service between smaller communities along the line that are often byproducts of ribbon developments , and also connects with long-distance services at interchange stations located at junctions, terminals, or larger towns along the line. Alternative names are "local train" or "stopping train". Examples include

14514-490: The wise. — Rupert Brooke , Tiare Tahiti (1914) In the wake of Fitzgerald's rejection by Ginevra two years prior, his subsequent rejection by Zelda further dispirited him. Unable to earn a successful living, Fitzgerald carried a revolver daily while contemplating suicide, and he threatened to jump to his death from a window ledge of the Yale Club . According to biographer Andrew Turnbull , "one day, drinking martinis in

14637-535: The work nevertheless became popularly and inaccurately associated with the wild collegiate atmosphere of post-war 1920s America immortalized in John Held, Jr. 's satirical drawings. With this debut novel, critics touted Fitzgerald as the first writer to turn the national spotlight upon the so-called Jazz Age generation , especially the flappers . In contrast to the older Lost Generation to which Gertrude Stein posited that Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway belonged,

14760-417: The yellowish moss." In the novel's final pages, Fitzgerald altered Zelda's neo-Confederate sentiments to refer to Union soldiers instead of Confederates. Fitzgerald sent the revised manuscript to Scribner's on September 4, 1919. Although the manuscript again impressed editor Max Perkins who wished to publish the novel, senior executives at the publishing house again disagreed with Perkins and disliked

14883-442: Was a new generation, shouting the old cries, learning the old creeds, through a revery of long days and nights; destined finally to go out into that dirty gray turmoil to follow love and pride; a new generation dedicated more than the last to the fear of poverty and the worship of success; grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken. —F. Scott Fitzgerald, This Side of Paradise (1920) Amory Blaine,

15006-415: Was armed with a pistol loaded with blanks, boarded the train and persuaded four female passengers to leave with them. The Dinky later resumed its trip and arrived at Princeton station. Although the university administrators were aware of the event and may have known who was involved, they took no official action. In 2006, Princeton University announced its intention to construct a new arts center, calling for

15129-574: Was replaced in 1994 to allow further widening of the highway. Penn Central Transportation took over operations in 1968, and discontinued the little-used Penns Neck station in 1971. When Conrail was formed in 1976, the Final System Plan called for the transfer of the Princeton Branch to Conrail and then to the New Jersey Department of Transportation , but the transfer to NJDOT was not made until 1984. The Princeton train, locally called

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