53-508: [REDACTED] The Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System , commonly abbreviated as MMTS , is a suburban rail system in Hyderabad , India . A joint venture of the Government of Telangana (formerly Government of Andhra Pradesh ) and the South Central Railway , it is operated by the latter. The 90-kilometre (56 mi) system caters to the city of Hyderabad and the neighbouring suburban areas connecting Hyderabad , Secunderabad , Falaknuma , Lingampally , Medchal and Umdanagar with
106-563: A 12.5-kilometre (7.8 mi) stretch from Bolaram to Medchal was scheduled to begin in March 2018, and the 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) Moula Ali–Ghatkesar stretch was scheduled to open in July 2018 but it was delayed due to several reasons. Regardless of the delay trial runs started on few sections of phase 2 in August 2020. Quadrupling 4 lines with electrification and installation of Automatic block signaling in
159-497: A nine coach EMU is made up of three units having one power car at each end and one at the middle. The rakes in the suburban rails run on 25 kV AC . Ridership on India's suburban railways has risen from 1.2 million in 1970–71 to 4.4 million in 2012–13. The suburban railways of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai occupy no more than 7.1% of the Indian Railways network, but account for 53.2% of all railway passengers. In some cities of India,
212-619: A separate set of local authorities. In addition to their metro systems, the cities of Chennai and Hyderabad have mass transit systems operated by the Indian Railways, known as the Chennai MRTS and the Hyderabad MMTS , respectively. The first rapid transit system in India is the Kolkata Metro , which started operations in 1984. Kolkata Metro also currently has the only underwater metro line in
265-467: A solution to the urban public transportation. A traditional light rail system soon emerged as the efficient mode but with cheaper cost and greater capacity than what monorail offered. As a result, many Indian cities replaced their monorail projects with either a regular metro or a light rail system. There are currently 17 operational rapid transit (Officially and popularly known as 'Metro') systems in seventeen cities across India, with Delhi Metro being
318-607: A total of 133 MMTS services. Currently 86 MMTS services are being operated due to the effect of COVID-19 . The Hyderabad MMTS project was conceived as a joint venture between the Government of India and the Government of Andhra Pradesh (retrospectively referred to as Government of United Andhra Pradesh) with an MoU signed in September 2000. The first phase was inaugurated on 9 August 2003 by then Deputy Prime Minister of India , L. K. Advani at Bhoiguda. The planning and commencement of
371-899: A total of 38 lines of metro under operation. Note : Only operational lines are listed. Suburban rail plays a major role in the public transport system of many major Indian cities. These services are operated by Indian Railways . Suburban rail is a rail service between a central business district and the suburbs, a conurbation or other locations that draw large numbers of people daily. The trains are called suburban trains. These trains are also referred to as "local trains" or "locals". The suburban rail systems in Hyderabad, Pune, Lucknow–Kanpur and Bengaluru do not have dedicated suburban tracks but share tracks with long-distance trains. The suburban rail system of Mumbai , Kolkata and Chennai have both dedicated tracks and tracks shared with long-distance trains. The first suburban rail system in India
424-469: Is Mumbai Suburban Railway which started operations in 1853. The Kolkata Suburban Railway has the largest network in the entire country. The Chennai Suburban Railway started its operations in 1931. Suburban trains that handle commuter traffic are all electric multiple units (EMUs). They usually have nine or twelve coaches, sometimes even fifteen to handle rush hour traffic. One unit of an EMU train consists of one power car and two general coaches. Thus
477-409: Is a cheap and efficient mode of urban transit which serves for a lower demand. This list excludes Trolleybus or 'Metro Neo' systems which do not use rails. Approved Proposed 91 km (57 mi) In addition to trains, trams were introduced in many cities in the late 19th century, though almost all of these were phased out. The Kolkata Tram is currently
530-541: Is the first and only operational monorail system used for urban transit in India. Many other Indian cities had planned monorail projects, as a feeder system to the metro, but after the Mumbai monorail failed with multiple issues, other cities are reconsidering the plan and may go ahead with much efficient and proven modes of transport such as the Light rail transit system. Approved Proposed Neo
583-584: Is to be expected. In the UK, automatic signals are used where there are no ground frame , flat junctions , railroad switch facing and trailing , manually controlled level crossing , neutral sections, or other interlocking functions. It is standard practice to have an overlap after the signal. These overlaps can vary from 50 to 440 yards (46 to 402 m), with the standard overlap being 200 yards (180 m). The most common forms of ABS were implemented on double-track rail lines in high-density areas that exceeded
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#1732848155926636-445: Is under consideration. Defunct Replaced with other modes Light rail transit (LRT) or popularly known as Metrolite in India, is a form of urban rail transit characterized by a combination of rapid transit and tram systems. It usually operates at a higher capacity than trams, and often on an exclusive right-of-way similar to rapid transit. Several tier-2 cities in India have opted it since it
689-469: The Delhi Metro went on to be the longest and by far the busiest metro system in India, which also served as a role model to other Indian cities. While the political capital of India was expanding on its success by constructing new metro lines, suburban railways remained as the dominant mode of transport in the financial capital, Mumbai. According to Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA)
742-549: The Phase-II. In May 2010, Indian Railways decided to adopt the MMTS 104-kilometre (65 mi) Phase II project at an estimated cost of ₹ 641 crore. The Railway Board approved the second phase after the state government agreed to fund two-thirds of its cost. It was expected to be completed by 2018, and will handle 300,000 passengers a day as per the estimates back then. A 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) stretch from Lingampally to R. C. Puram and
795-558: The UK, is a railroad communications system that consists of a series of signals that divide a railway line into a series of sections, called blocks . The system controls the movement of trains between the blocks using automatic signals. ABS operation is designed to allow trains operating in the same direction to follow each other in a safe manner without risk of rear-end collision. The introduction of ABS reduced railways' costs and increased their capacity. Older manual block systems required human operators. The automatic operation comes from
848-513: The Union and respective State Government. The Union Government would invest an estimated ₹ 5 lakh crore (US$ 60 billion). In a new draft policy unveiled in March 2017, the Central Government stated that it wanted state governments to consider metro rail as the "last option" and implement it only after considering all other possible mass rapid transit systems. The decision was taken due to
901-416: The capacity provided by either timetable and train order or other manual forms of signaling. ABS would be set up in such a way to cover train movements only in a single direction for each track. The movement of trains running in that direction would be governed by the automatic block signals which would supersede the normal superiority of trains, where such systems applied. Movement of trains operating against
954-610: The card since 2006, when it was envisaged as a cashless fare payment system in accordance with the National Urban Transport Policy, 2006 (NUTP-2006). Its aim was to provide seamless connectivity to passengers across transit systems, leading to convenience, higher digital payments penetration, savings on closed loop card lifecycle management cost, and reduced operating cost. Automatic block signaling Automatic block signaling ( ABS ), spelled automatic block signalling or called track circuit block ( TCB ) in
1007-543: The central level. All the interventions in urban transport by the Ministry of Urban Development are carried out as per the provisions of the National Urban Transport Policy, 2006. The Delhi Meerut RRTS is the fastest Urban Transit system in India currently that can run at a speed of 160 kmph with average operational speed of 100 kmph. Indian cities have various types of urban transit systems operational, under construction and planned. These systems are being implemented based on
1060-442: The city bus services operating in narrow and crowded areas of the city were slow-moving and caused traffic congestion hence a rapid transit system was necessary. Since the city already had planned metro services and since the suburban railways also connected major parts of the city, a feeder system to these services was proposed in the form of Monorail . After the construction was completed, On 1 February 2014, Mumbai Monorail became
1113-414: The city's rapid growth in information technology, biotechnology, health, aviation and tourism. This phase was completed in two streams, the first stream of MMTS between Hyderabad , Lingampalli and Secunderabad with a distance of 29 kilometres (18 mi) covering 17 stations. The second steam of MMTS between Secunderabad and Falaknuma , covering a distance of 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) with 11 stations
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#17328481559261166-444: The country as one of the busiest urban rapid transit hubs in the world in terms of commuters. As of 2024, the cumulative length of 923.2 kilometres (573.6 miles ) of seventeen metro systems in India makes it the third longest in operation in the world. The Ministry of Urban Development's Urban Transport wing is the nodal division for coordination, appraisal, and approval of Urban Transport matters including Metro Rail Projects at
1219-487: The country. The Delhi Metro has the largest network in the entire country. In 2006, the National Urban Transport Policy had proposed the construction of a metro rail system in every city with a population of at least 20 lakh (2 million) people. From 2002 to 2014, the Indian metro infrastructure expanded by 248 km. Later on 11 August 2014, Union Government had announced that it would provide financial assistance for
1272-444: The existing double line between Ghatkesar and Moula Ali, doubling and electrification between Falaknuma and Umdanagar in the southern part of city; Doubling and electrification between Moula Ali and Sitafalmandi, connecting Malkajgiri and doubling with electrification between Moula Ali and Sanathnagar along with construction of 5 new stations in the section for providing east-west connectivity bypassing Secunderabad station. The Phase II
1325-447: The first elevated railway line in India and also the country's longest elevated mass rapid transit corridor spanning 17 km. The first concept of an urban rapid transit system in Delhi came out during 1969, when a traffic and travel characteristics study was conducted. The bus systems which catered the public transportation in the city soon began to run out of capacity and the traffic
1378-412: The first of its kind in India. In the early 2010s, many cities had conceived the plan to build monorails as the major urban transportation solution to their cities. However, Mumbai's monorail soon began to reveal the underlying problems of a monorail system. The issues such as low ridership, inefficient track maintenance (accessibility of the tracks during maintenance as well as the time taken to repair
1431-564: The following lines. Part of the 'One Nation, One Card' policy of the Government of India , the National Common Mobility Card is an inter-operable transport card that enables users to pay for multiple kinds of transport charges like metros and buses, as well as do other things like retail shopping and money withdrawal . It is enabled through the RuPay card mechanism. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs have been working on
1484-578: The four major cities of India, viz. Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai, and helped local population to meet their intracity transportation needs. Horse-drawn tram was first introduced in Kolkata in 1873 and the electric trams began to operate in Chennai in 1895, later the cities of Mumbai , Kanpur , and Delhi saw trams being introduced. These services were discontinued in all Indian cities between 1933 and 1964, except for Kolkata where they operate on streets to
1537-579: The high cost of constructing metro rail systems. In August 2017, the Union Government announced that it would not provide financial assistance to the new metro rail project unless some sort of private partnership is involved. MMRC (7.6 mi) ^* Indicates ridership figures based on the fiscal year rather than the calendar year . Under construction Approved Proposed Scrapped 1.5 km (0.93 mi) India has
1590-479: The implementation of a metro rail system to all Indian cities having a population of more than 1 million. In May 2015, the Union Government approved the Union Urban Development Ministry's proposal to implement metro rail systems in 50 cities, with the majority of the planned projects were to be implemented through special purpose vehicles, which will be established as 50:50 joint ventures between
1643-550: The instructions in the timetable, but if a train was delayed for any reason, all other trains might be delayed, waiting for it to appear at the proper place where they could pass safely. Operation of trains by timetable alone was supplemented by telegraphed train orders beginning in 1854 on the Erie Railroad . A railroad company dispatcher would send train orders to stations manned by telegraphers, who wrote them down on standardized forms and handed them to train crews as they passed
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1696-416: The largest. As of July 2024, India has 939.18 kilometres (583.58 miles ) of operational metro lines in 17 cities. India's metro network is the third longest in the world , behind China and USA. A further 779.27 km of lines are under construction. Apart from the Kolkata Metro (which has its own zone under Indian Railways), these rapid transit metro lines are not operated by Indian Railways , but
1749-420: The need for employees to manually operate each signal, reduced the repair costs and damage claims resulting from collisions, made possible a more efficient flow of trains, reduced the number of hours trains and crews sat idle, and decreased overall transit times from point to point. Most ABS systems use three- or four-block arrangements, where an obstruction in the first block will prompt a warning upon entering
1802-629: The only tram system in the country. Due to construction of Kolkata Metro Green line from Salt Lake to Howrah , just 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) of Tramline is operational in Kolkata. Defunct Unlike Broad gauge which form majority of the railway tracks in the sub-continent , metro rail lines in India are of mainly standard gauge . Projects like the Kolkata Metro and Delhi Metro used broad gauge for their earliest lines, but to procure modern foreign rakes and to adopt international standard, India went ahead with standard gauge for all
1855-449: The opening of rapid transit systems has led to a decline in the use of the suburban rail system. [REDACTED] 28 (NER) 109 km (NER) Under construction Proposed Regional Rapid Transit systems in India are passenger rail services that operate beyond the limits of urban areas , and either connect similarly sized cities, or metropolitan cities and surrounding towns/cities, outside at
1908-691: The outer rim of a suburban belt at higher speeds. The following list excludes passenger train services provided by Indian Railways . The Delhi-Meerut RRTS, also known as RapidX, is a partly operational and under-construction semi-high-speed rail line connecting Delhi, Ghaziabad, and Meerut is the only operational system currently. Maximum speed of 180 km/h (110 mph), operating speed of 160 km/h (100 mph), average speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) considering it stops at various station and wait times. Under construction Approved Proposed The Mumbai Monorail , which opened on 2 February 2014,
1961-421: The population of a city, financial feasibility and demand. Note: Suburban rail and Vande Metro in India utilises the broad gauge network of Indian Railways and mostly shares the network and infrastructure with the rest of Indian Railway services. Note: Light Rail systems are mostly fenced and can be built with complete right of way if preferred so. The first-ever mode of the urban rail transit system in India
2014-519: The present day as heritage. In September 1919, during a session of the Imperial Legislative Council at Shimla , a committee was set up by W. E. Crum that recommended a metro line for Kolkata. The next proposal for a metro system was mooted by government of West Bengal in 1949-50 and a survey was conducted by French experts. However, the proposal could not be brought into the effect and India had to wait for its first metro service. It
2067-597: The project cost. Although the Phase-II was scheduled to operate by 2018, it was delayed due to various reasons and was finally opened on 8 April 2023 after 20 years from the Phase-I by the Prime Minister , Narendra Modi at Secunderabad Junction after the operation of a smaller stream in 2019. The first phase was completed at a cost of ₹1.62 billion (US$ 22 million), and it was inaugurated on 9 August 2003 by Deputy Prime Minister of India, L. K. Advani. The project complements
2120-573: The public. On 8 April 2023 13 MMTS services along with 2 other routes under the MMTS Phase II between Secunderabad Bolarum Medchal with a distance of 28-kilometre along with the extension from Falaknuma to Umdanagar with a distance of 12-kilometre was inaugurated by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi totalling to 90-kilometre and 44 stations under the MMTS project. Source Following are the proposed and possible expansion to integrate
2173-505: The routes and lines into the MMTS network. Urban rail transit in India Urban rail transit in India plays an important role in intracity transportation in the major cities which are highly populated. It consists of rapid transit , suburban rail , monorail , and tram systems. According to a report published in 2021, a total of 2.63 billion people traveled annually in metro systems across India's fifteen major cities, placing
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2226-442: The second block, and allow full speed for trains entering the third. Where blocks are short or higher capacity is needed, four or more blocks are used; trains are then given multiple warnings of an impending obstruction. For basic block status, the red/yellow/green system of signaling is nearly universal, with red indicating an obstructed block, yellow indicating that an obstructed block is ahead, and green indicating that no obstruction
2279-525: The station. A manual block system in the United States was implemented by the Pennsylvania Railroad about 1863, a couple of decades before other American railroads began using it. This system required a railroad employee stationed at each signal to set the signals according to instructions received by telegraph from dispatchers. English railroads also used a "controlled manual" block system, which
2332-451: The system's ability to detect whether blocks are occupied or otherwise obstructed, and to convey that information to approaching trains. The system operates without any outside intervention, unlike more modern traffic control systems that require external control to establish a flow of traffic. The earliest way of managing multiple trains on one track was by use of a timetable and passing sidings . One train waited upon another, according to
2385-411: The tracks), train slowing down at the switches and for the fact that the monorail tracks had to be entirely elevated with a dedicated depot and set of rolling stocks, raised the concerns on feasibility, cost of construction and operation of the new lines significantly. For the similar reasons, almost all of the monorail systems around the world are seen in amusement parks or similar theme parks instead as
2438-492: The work was inaugurated by the then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh , N. Chandrababu Naidu . The system initially consisted of three lines, with total length of 44 kilometres (27 mi). In May 2010, Indian Railways decided to take over the 104 kilometre (65 mi) as part of the Phase II at an estimated cost of ₹ 641 crore. The Railway Board cleared the approval of the second phase after the state government agreed to fund two-thirds of
2491-511: Was commuter rail (or suburban rail), built in Mumbai on 16 April 1853. The first passenger train was flagged off from Bori Bunder (present-day Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai ) from where it travelled to Thane , covering a distance of 34 km in an hour and fifteen minutes. This made it the Asia's first suburban railway . At the turn of the 20th century, tram systems began to sprawl across
2544-795: Was adapted for use in the U.S. by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1882. The first use of automatic block signalling in the United Kingdom was installed on the Liverpool Overhead Railway on its opening in 1893. Instead of track circuits, the system used a setup of trackside mechanical, and later, electrical instruments (both functionally similar to treadles ) that made contact with passing trains in order to trigger motor-operated mechanical signals. The first use of track circuit operated automatic block signalling in Britain
2597-455: Was completed the next year, totalling the number of stations to 27 with Secunderabad being the biggest interchange of the 44-kilometre (27 mi) network. The network also consists of the coverage of other areas such as Bolarum towards Manoharabad and Umdanagar which was not completely integrated into the MMTS network. Although many other routes and stations were available, the process of electrification of these other routes were included in
2650-725: Was installed in 1902 by the LSWR's West of England line between Andover junction and Grateley which operated pneumatically powered mechanical signals. By 1906, the Interstate Commerce Commission reported that of the 48,743 miles (78,444 km) of railroad in the United States that used a block system, there were 41,916 miles (67,457 km) protected by the manual block system, and only 6,827 miles (10,987 km) of automatic block, on either single or double track . However, as time went on, many railroads came to see automatic block signaling as cost effective, since it reduced
2703-455: Was on the rise, this soon became a growing concern. The concepts for an urban transit system were considered as the need for the country's capital. After planning, a proposal was made in 1984, which revealed plans for constructing three underground corridors and augmentation of the existing suburban rail system. The construction began on 1 October 1998 and the first line was operational on 24 December 2002. With 348.12 kilometres (216.31 mi),
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#17328481559262756-405: Was stalled for over a decade owing to lack of funds. The Union Government allocated ₹ 600 crore as part of the Union budget (2023-24) towards it for resumption of phase II works. Over time, the sanctioned cost has been escalated to ₹ 1,150 crores. On 9 June 2019 as part of the Phase II project the first stream between Tellapur and R. C. Puram with a distance of 6-kilometre was started and opened for
2809-410: Was twenty three years later when the foundation stone was laid in Kolkata in 1972 to commence the construction of the ambitious metro system. On 24 October 1984, India saw its first metro system operational in Kolkata. After several struggles and bureaucratic hurdles, a stretch of 3.4 km was opened with five stations on the line. On 1 November 1995, the Chennai MRTS began its operations, becoming
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