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28-668: The prime minister of the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : primeiro-ministro da República Portuguesa ) is the head of the Government of Portugal . The officeholder coordinates the actions of all ministers, represents the Government as a whole, reports their actions and is accountable to the Assembly of the Republic , in addition to keeping the president of the Republic informed. There

56-719: A kind of prime minister. Throughout history, the prominent position fell successively on the Mayor of the Palace ( Portuguese Mordomo-Mor ), on the Chancellor ( Chanceler-Mor ), on the King's Private Secretary ( Escrivão da Puridade ) and on the Secretary of State ( Secretário de Estado ). In 1736, three offices of secretary of state were created, with the Secretary of State of the Internal Affairs of

84-606: Is Luís Montenegro , who took office on 2 April 2024 as the 14th prime minister of the Third Portuguese Republic . The official residence of the prime minister is the Palacete de São Bento , a mansion next to São Bento Palace , which, in confusion, is sometimes also called "São Bento Palace". Portuguese prime ministers of the Third Portuguese Republic: Just behind the main building of the Assembly of

112-462: Is also often called "São Bento Palace", although many prime ministers did not live in the palace during their full mandate. The origins of present office of prime minister of Portugal fall back to the beginning of the Portuguese monarchy in the 12th century. Typically, a senior official of the king of Portugal prevailed over the others, ensuring the coordination of the administration of the kingdom as

140-504: Is no limit to the number of mandates as prime minister. They are appointed by the president of the Republic, after the legislative elections and after an audience with every leader of a party represented at the Assembly. It is usual for the leader of the party which receives a plurality of votes in the elections to be named prime minister. The official residence of the prime minister is a mansion next to São Bento Palace , which, in confusion,

168-552: Is no limit to the number of terms a person can serve as prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president following legislative elections , after having heard the parties represented in the parliament. Usually, the person named is the leader of the largest party in the previous election, but there have been exceptions over the years. Since the Middle Ages , some officers of the Portuguese Crown gained precedence over

196-870: The Constitutional Governments . The numbering of the Constitutional Governments is not the same as the numbering of prime ministers since the Constitution because, whenever elections for a new parliament take place, a new constitutional government is installed, even if the prime minister remains the same; however, there is also a change of constitutional government when the prime minister is replaced, even if in mid-parliament. So, because some prime ministers managed to remain in office after fresh elections (thus serving as prime ministers under more than one parliament), there are more constitutional governments than there are prime ministers. The colors indicate

224-666: The Council of Ministers ). In 1911, the official title of the prime minister became Presidente do Ministério (President of the Ministry ). In 1933, it became again Presidente do Conselho de Ministros . The present title Primeiro-Ministro (Prime Minister), attributed to the head of the Government of Portugal , was officially established by the Constitution of 1976 after the revolution of 25 April 1974 The incumbent prime minister of Portugal

252-657: The Estado Novo (New State), which in turn would last until the Carnation Revolution in 1974. The chronic political instability and government's neglect of the army created opportunities for military plots. Historians have considered that the coup had wide support, including all political parties at the time except for the Democratic Party , Portuguese Communist Party , the Portuguese Socialist Party ,

280-566: The Seara Nova group, General Confederation of Labour , and the Democratic Leftwing Republican Party . In 1925 there were three failed coup attempts: on 5 March (led by Filomeno da Câmara); 18 April (inspired by Sinel de Cordes and led by Raul Esteves and Filomeno da Câmara); and 19 July (led by Mendes Cabeçadas ). The plotters were mostly acquitted by a military court. Óscar Carmona , acting as military prosecutor of

308-527: The 18 April plot, asked that the plotters be absolved. During the trial, Óscar Carmona famously asked: "Why do these men sit in the defendant bench? Because their homeland is sick and orders its best sons to be judged and tried." The leaders of the 18 April plot were sent to the Nossa Senhora da Graça Fort , where they recruited the fort's commander, Passos e Sousa, to the rebel forces. The officers decided on General Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa to lead

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336-482: The Kingdom ( Secretário de Estado dos Negócios Interiores do Reino ) occupying a prominent position over the others. Since the 1820 Liberal Revolution of Porto , liberalism and parliamentarism were installed in the country. In the first liberal period, there were three to six secretaries of state with equal position in the hierarchy, but with the Secretary the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (usually known by Minister of

364-679: The Kingdom) continuing to occupy a prominent position. Occasionally there was a Minister Assistant to the Dispatch ( Ministro Assistante ao Despacho ), a coordinator of all secretaries of state, and with a post similar to that of a prime minister. After a brief absolutistic restoration, the second liberalism started. With the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy, the office of President of the Council of Ministers ( Presidente do Conselho de Ministros )

392-402: The Republic , there is a mansion that serves as residence and office for the prime minister of Portugal. The mansion, dated from 1877, was built within the garden of the old monastery that held the Portuguese parliament. It has been the prime minister's official residence since 1938, when Salazar moved in. Although it is the official residence of the prime minister, not all incumbents have lived in

420-462: The Third Republic, a fourth column is also used to distinguish the prime ministers of the provisional governments that existed during the period immediately following the Carnation Revolution of 1974 from the prime ministers that assumed office after the entry into force of Portugal's current democratic Constitution adopted 1976. At the right hand side, a column indicates the official numbering of

448-414: The country. First Salazar and then Marcello Caetano occupied this post for almost 42 years. With the Carnation Revolution came the prime minister, which replaced the president of the council. The official numbering of the prime ministers starts with the first president of the Council of Ministers of the constitutional monarchy. A second column is added after the establishment of the Republic, numbering

476-454: The coup, leading the provincial military forces. Initially believing he failed, Gomes da Costa announced his surrender. On 30 May, President Bernardino Machado appointed José Mendes Cabeçadas as head of government and minister of every ministry and on the following day transferred his powers, as president, to Cabeçadas. On 6 June, General Gomes da Costa marched on Lisbon 's Avenida da Liberdade along with 15,000 men, being acclaimed by

504-422: The four worst (each receiving from 4 to 8% of the votes). In both polls, António Guterres (1995–2002) ranked as the best prime minister. Mário Soares (1976–78 and 1983–85) and Aníbal Cavaco Silva (1985–95) were also among the best prime ministers. On the other hand, José Manuel Durão Barroso (2002–04), Pedro Santana Lopes (2004–05), José Sócrates (2005–11) and Pedro Passos Coelho (2011–15, incumbent at

532-479: The heads of government were under the strong power of the parliament and often fell due to parliamentary turmoils and social instability. With the 28 May 1926 coup d'état , and eventually, after the formation of the Estado Novo quasi- fascist dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar , the prime minister was again named President of the Council of Ministers, and was nominally the most important figure in

560-404: The mansion during their term in office. In 2012 and 2014 newspaper i and the polling agency Pitagórica conducted polls asking for the best Portuguese prime minister among the seven most recent ones (i.e. in the previous 30 years). The results revealed that the public clearly separated the seven evaluated prime ministers between the three best ones (each receiving more than 20% of the votes) and

588-643: The movement, who agreed to join the plotters on 25 May. On 27 May, General Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa arrived at Braga to launch a coup d'état . The First Portuguese Republic and Prime Minister António Maria da Silva , aware of the planned coup, tried to organize resistance. The revolution started in Braga , commanded by General Manuel Gomes da Costa, followed immediately in Porto , Lisbon , Évora , Coimbra and Santarém . Generals Sinel de Cordes , Filomeno da Câmara, Passos e Sousa, and Raul Esteves also took part in

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616-492: The others, serving as a kind of prime ministers. Over time, the role of principal officer of the Crown fell upon the chanceler-mor ( chancellor ), the mordomo-mor ( mayor of the palace ) and the escrivão da puridade (king's private secretary). The first modern prime minister of Portugal was Pedro de Sousa Holstein , 1st Duke of Palmela , who was sworn in on 24 September 1834, as Presidente do Conselho de Ministros (President of

644-478: The people of the city. Five days later, on 11 June, Cabeçadas' units in Santarém demobilized. On 17 June, Gomes da Costa mobilized his units and demanded Cabeçadas' resignation. Cabeçadas resigned and transferred his powers to Gomes da Costa. Gomes da Costa then tried to get the ministers associated with Sinel de Cordes to resign. Yet, on 8 June a group of generals and colonels tried to get Gomes da Costa to accept

672-627: The period of the corporatist Estado Novo (English: New State ), the National Revolution ( Portuguese : Revolução Nacional ), was a military coup of a nationalist origin, that put an end to the unstable Portuguese First Republic and initiated 48 years of corporatist and nationalist rule within Portugal. The regime that immediately resulted from the coup, the Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship), would be later refashioned into

700-1019: The political affiliation of each prime minister.    No party /independent     Chartist /Chamorro    Chamorro     Septemberist     Regenerator     Historic     Reformist     Regenerator / Historic     Progressist     Liberal Regenerator     Republican     Democratic     National Republican/Sidonist     Republican Liberal     Reconstitution Party     Nationalist Republican     Democratic Leftwing Republican     National Union/People's National Action     Democratic Renewal Party     Socialist     Social Democratic     Democratic and Social Centre 1934 , 1938 , 1942 , 1945 , 1949 , 1953 , 1957 , 1961 , 1965 Prime Minister of Portugal There

728-736: The prime ministers from there to the present day. Another column is added for the numbering inside the three regimes: First Republic , the Second Republic and Third Republic, with a fourth column in the Second Republic to mark the numbering of prime ministers since the 1926 revolution that established the National Dictatorship and since the replacement of the National Dictatorship with the Salazarist Estado Novo . In

756-512: The time of the polls) ranked as the worst prime ministers. Pedro Santana Lopes was ranked the worst in the 2012 poll while Barroso ranked as the worst in the 2014 one. Together, the three best prime ministers ruled Portugal uninterruptedly from 1983 to 2002, while the four worst ruled from 2002 to 2015. 28 May 1926 coup d%27%C3%A9tat [REDACTED]   First Portuguese Republic Portuguese Armed Forces The 28 May 1926 coup d'état , sometimes called 28 May Revolution or, during

784-513: Was created. The presidents of the council were clearly the heads of government of the kingdom, holding the executive power that absolute monarchs had, but were restricted by the controlling power of the National Congress. With the advent of the Republic in the 5 October 1910 revolution , the head of government was renamed President of the Ministry ( Presidente do Ministério ). During this period

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