79-564: Ponta Grossa ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpõtɐ ˈɡɾɔsɐ] ) is a municipality in the state of Paraná , southern Brazil . The estimated population is 355,336 according to official data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and it is the 4th most populous city in Paraná (76th in Brazil). It is also the largest city close to Greater Curitiba region, so within
158-478: A need to give the settlement a clear legal distinction. They felt this would solve the difficulties of ecclesiastical matters and civil litigation, since they were under the far off jurisdiction to Vila Nova de Castro . It is reported that Carvalhães would have ordered his foreman, Francisco Mulato, to look for a suitable place in the Boa Vista winter estate to start a new settlement. The place chosen would have been
237-757: A radius of 186 miles (300 km) of Ponta Grossa. It is also known as Princesa dos Campos (in English: Princess of the Fields ) and Capital Cívica do Paraná (in English: Civic Capital of Paraná ). The city is connected to the Caminho das Tropas (in English: Path of the Troops ), being one of the network of routes used by drovers ( tropeiros ) in the middle of a high hill inside a grassy vegetation. The city
316-413: A resting point since 1703 of the long voyages that left Rio Grande do Sul . Along the way was commercialized the charque, where the meat was preserved only with salt. Unlike other settlements , Ponta Grossa was not inhabited, indigenous groups occupied places to the north, with expansion, conflicts later came with European settlers , such as that of the city of Reserva , but outside the urban space of
395-564: A result of the basalts of the Serra Geral Formation. The rivers and sediments flowing downstream from the mineral compound are responsible for Cenozoic deposition . It is famous the sandstone of the Vila Velha Park , an example of ruiniform relief. In geological terms the forms visualized are recent, originated during the gondwana megacontinente, where South America was linked to Africa, Oceania, Antarctica and India. In which
474-490: A route, the landscape in the form of a field became welcome to pass with mules and in the future cattle ranching. At a later point some former tropeiros settled in the area and began to farm. Much of the products from these new farms was used for the feeding of animals used by the muleteers. Other muleteers settled down and started farming because events like floods disrupted the distribution of their goods and so they had to take their losses and began new activities. Preferably,
553-480: A stagnation of the growth of the city where the first built chapel. At the same time, the fields were systematically occupied, with the emergence of large cattle ranches. One important project of this time was the Bom Sucesso Farm. It was established by sergeant-major Miguel da Rocha Ferreira Carvalhães. The farm covered the area that today constitutes the urban perimeter of Ponta Grossa. Prior to 1750 when
632-412: Is 99,317, almost 1/3 of the population, a little more of this proportion represents the number of workers who receive half of a minimum wage stipulated for the country. The schooling rate is 98.2%. GDP per capita (2015) is R$ 34,941.59. The HDI is 0.763 for 2010. Infant mortality is 11 occurrences for every thousand births, a high value for state statistics. The treatment of sewage is 81.3% in relation to
711-530: Is also a consequence of the arching, exposing the older rocks at the edges of the sedimentary basin . Several parallel faults , aquifers and magnetic alignments follow the direction of the Arch of the Ponta Grossa. It is believed that the resulting dikes were not formed simultaneously, but over a period of 100 years, and not necessarily all are situated to the northwest. The drainage of some rivers that pass through
790-483: Is considered of average size, located around a central hill, while most of its growth occurred in the second half of the twentieth century with the weakening of the primary economy . Ponta Grossa is one of the largest tourist destinations in the Paraná, especially because of the area of natural beauty, Vila Velha State Park which is located within the limits of the municipality. The cup of Vila Velha refers to its location in
869-479: Is divided into only 62 municipalities), and therefore they cover large areas incorporating several separated cities or towns that do not necessarily conform to one single conurbation. Southern and eastern states on the other hand, are divided into many small municipalities (e.g. Minas Gerais ), and therefore large urban areas usually extend over several municipalities which form one single conurbation. The Federal District cannot be divided into municipalities , which
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#1732855122396948-471: Is located has a toponymia related to a hill seen long distance during trips to the Campos Gerais. The name would have originated from a high hill that stood out before the whole pastures landscape by its prominent height and the capo of bush that covers it. The tropeiros to refer to its location said that they were near Ponta Grossa. But other stories have the same idea, like that of the foreman when he tells
1027-605: Is located on a rise of the Earth's crust on the eastern limit of the Paraná Basin . It arose about 130 million years ago when the South American and African continents were separating. It has an NW-SE direction with NW trim, diabase dikes appear in subparallel bundles near the arch and these same fractures are responsible for the third plateau basalt effluent. In the second plateau but mainly in horizontal fracturing . The topography
1106-411: Is no grazing, like east of the host district. The other subcategory, the dirty fields, has a few shrubs dominated by vassouras and maria-moles (and/or assa-peixes ). There is the wet version with species adapted to humidity that arise in depressions . Native vegetation of Araucaria moist forests is also found, in total there are 23,500 ha, being therefore the largest natural ecosystem found in
1185-474: Is no history of at least great damage since the beginning of occupation, fortunately. Although there are amateur videos that detected the presence of tornado on 19 December 2010. The fog is a common winter event, which can contribute to the cause of accidents and delayed flights. In ecological terms it is diversified. The composition and species varies according to climatic , pedological and rock formation . The biota differs from region to region. One of
1264-502: Is reported the passage of a non-Iberian: Ulrich Schmidel , a German mercenary in Spanish service, that during the course of his travels in the region brought 20 Paraguayan natives and four other mercenary German soldiers in Spanish service from the current paulista coast. Tropeiros , people who used mules and donkeys to transport goods (normally called muleteers in English) used the region as
1343-475: Is the fruit of rainwater, action of the solar energy , changes in temperature and activity of living beings on the rock (in discontinuities and shear zone ). Graben of Ponta Grossa is a tectonic fossa with blocks slaughtered of the NE-SW direction (average values: 3 km wide and 10 km long), where the city is located in the greater part of the urban perimeter. Caused by the displacement of rocks , so that
1422-454: Is the target of malicious humor due to what its name can send like in Portuguese . One way or another describes the characteristics of the vegetation and the regional topography . According to the historian Paulo Eduardo Dias de Mello the earliest account of European activity in this area is of the tropeiros who travelled with their wares towards the fair of Sorocaba . Ponta Grossa served as
1501-482: Is why its territory is composed of several administrative regions . These regions are directly managed by the government of the Federal District, which exercises constitutional and legal powers that are equivalent to those of the states , as well as those of the municipalities, thus simultaneously assuming all the obligations arising from them. The 1988 Brazilian Constitution treats the municipalities as parts of
1580-539: The Brazilian states . Brazil currently has 5,570 municipalities, which, given the 2019 population estimate of 210,147,125, makes an average municipality population of 37,728 inhabitants. The average state in Brazil has 214 municipalities. Roraima is the least subdivided state, with 15 municipalities, while Minas Gerais is the most, with 853. Northern states are divided into small numbers of large municipalities (e.g. Amazonas
1659-646: The Imperial license, the Freguesia of Estrela was created. The first vicar of the locality was father Joaquim Pereira da Fonseca. In 1840 the patrimony was increased, by area denominated Rincão of the Round and donated by Domingos Ferreira Pinto. By the Provincial Law nº 34, of 7 April 1855, the municipality of Ponta Grossa was created, with territory split out of the municipality of Castro , being duly installed on 6 December of
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#17328551223961738-562: The Santa Catarina coast until Asunción , in Paraguay . Later it was successively moved on account of the seiscentistas bandeirantes , notably for capture of the natives. Portuguese bandeirantes like Aleixo Garcia passed in 1525, five years later Peró Lobo and Francisco Chaves. In 1541 passed the Spaniard Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca who had some conflicts of tribes not too distant. Also, it
1817-621: The Treaty of Madrid was signed, Ponta Grossa was in theory part of the Spanish Empire , but the Spanish do not seem to have exercised much actual cobtrol in the region. The Santa Bárbara chapel, constructed by Jesuit reductions to the control of the Spanish government was used by oratory by the tropeiros and travelers of Campos Gerais from 1727 by donation of sesmaria of Itaiacoca or the Pitangui. With
1896-468: The abolition of slavery , what did not continue with the catechization and slavery , even with religious groups that came later. Not far from the farm, in the 1970s human bones were found possibly from the slaves of the time. Where today is the Metropolitan Cathedral , there was a ranch of inn, erected by tropeiros , next to a centenary fig tree, under which they planted a cross. It was there
1975-476: The countryside ). Municipalities can be split or merged to form new municipalities within the borders of the state, if the population of the involved municipalities expresses a desire to do so in a plebiscite . However, these must abide by the Brazilian Constitution , and forming exclaves or seceding from the state or union is expressly forbidden. Reserva, Paran%C3%A1 Reserva, Paraná
2054-481: The ecosystems found are of field vegetation similar to North American prairies . Tree vegetation is rare, usually dominated by grasses and herbaceous . Sometimes it is interspersed with shrubs . Covering an area of 22,800 ha in 1996. The origin goes back to the own sandstone units found in the urban and rural environment. The trampling of the herds is responsible for the modification of the location and quantity of species that live in these fields. The renovation of
2133-559: The escarpment . One of the largest areas of forest is located in the District of Guaragi. It could have expanded more, but delayed by the fires (in some situations generating the tiguera , then capoeira and in its last stage the campo sujo, in English : dirty field , subtype of undergrowth ) which was replaced by other phases of fields. Despite the predominance of Araucaria angustifolia , other species of arboreal species are found. However,
2212-541: The meso and microregion homonymous to the name of this urban settlement. On the Koppen classification is Cfb , typical of the plateaus of southern Brazil which is usually attributed as subtropical of the highlands with mild or warm summers. Although far from the coast has a strong oceanic influence combined with altitude. The average annual temperature is 63.5 °F (17.5 °C). Winters are cold to their latitude, but are generally mild to be considered temperate as
2291-603: The pasture is done by the slash-and-burn , a technique used a long time ago. Other paradigms for the original conservation of the vegetation is the inclusion of some species with seeds, decharacterizing the original phytogeographic region. The backing for affirmative is also indicated for the presence of agroindustries . Part of the lack of conservation is to for consider the fields as a monotonous vegetation without diversity. It usually appears in regions of smaller altimetric oscillations (for example: Furnas Formation in Itaiacoca or in
2370-461: The tropeiros chose to settle near the banks of the Verde and Pitangui River. These new farmers caused a need for trade which lead to the creation of villages. There were also settlements called freguesias . The later is the word used originally to describe Ponta Grossa and other cities in the region. The actual possession of the land, for purposes of occupation and colonization , which resulted in
2449-556: The Curitiba-Ponta Grossa Railroad was inaugurated (the road facilitated the connection between cities and offered work opportunities), and two years later the construction of the São Paulo-Rio Grande do Sul Railway began. their situation, here have been installed for a long time, the offices and workshops of the railways. Where train maintenance of train. Although some writers consider as something also idealized,
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2528-606: The Downtown and Santa Paula (besides the urban density is associated too with the predominant direction of slopes). According to data from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), Brazilian institute, referring to the period from 1961 to 1973 (until 28 February), the lowest temperature recorded in Ponta Grossa was 21.7 °F (−5.7 °C) on 9 June 1967, and the highest reached 94.5 °F (34.7 °C) on 3 November 1968. The largest accumulated precipitation in 24 hours
2607-454: The Federation and not simply dependent subdivisions of the states. Each municipality has an autonomous local government, comprising a mayor ( prefeito ) and a legislative body called municipal chamber ( câmara municipal ). Both the local government and the legislative body are directly elected by the population every four years. These elections take place at the same time all over the country;
2686-489: The Tibagi accompany the slope, as posteriorly prescribed, while others, like the Pitangui, cross deep valleys between the steep relief towards the 2nd plateau. To the northeast the altitudes can exceed 1800 meters, places where it finds the greater slopes. Larger elevations are explained due to the passage of the topographic step known as Devonian Escarpament to the east and northeast of Ponta Grossa. Devonian sandstone rocks are
2765-466: The actual origin of the city. The dove is used as a symbol by the municipal government appearing in the anthem , the flag , the coat of arms and the march. Some sources give the name Estrela, as an early name of Ponta Grossa, "because it could be seen of some leagues of distance, situated in the middle of the fields, on an eminence as the present city is still" (Land of the Future – Nestor Victor). It
2844-547: The area. Until the Pleistocene was dominated a drier climate that assists the presence of fields, however, as the climate began to become wetter at the end of the geological period and so it was advanced appearing mainly near ciliary or gallery forests (such as those found near the Cara-Cará River or Olarias Arroyo and in municipal conservation units such as Boca da Ronda and Chácara Dantas) and around springs and slopes of
2923-597: The basis of the geological substrate: Furnas and Ponta Grossa, above are carboniferous sandstones of the Itararé Group. Each unit is intercepted by dikes and mesozoic sills as a consequence of the separation grooves of the South American and African Plate , where the breakage began. The sandstones of the Ponta Grossa and Furnas Formation are in the form of shales (when they touch disintegrate on leaf or layer forms) of siltstone or clay structure. It deposited as
3002-602: The beauty of the Campos Gerais. They settled in the environs of the rivers Verde and Pitangui. Shortly after Benedictines of the Monastery of the Saints obtained grant of these fields, that called Santa Bárbara Farm. However, in 1813, the interim governor of the Province of São Paulo , D. Matheus Abreu Pereira , donated these same lands to the lieutenant Atanagildo Pinto Martins , a bandeirante from Paraná who traveled through and surveyed
3081-403: The beginning of Ponta Grossa industrial phase, linking to the grain and food sector. In 1990, it expanded its tertiary sector, in addition to receiving logistic and production companies due to its geographic role. Ponta Grossa was the birthplace of great names of Paraná politics, being known as "Civic Capital of Paraná" (in English: Civic Capital of Paraná ). On 5 December 1931, it acquires
3160-444: The bird landed exactly on the cross of the ranch of the tropeiros , under the centenary fig tree existing there, having been interpreted as a good omen and predestination, for the effective settlement of Ponta Grossa. A chapel was built with the help of the inhabitants there, being here the central focus of growth of the old village. Although the above account exists in folklore there are no contemporary documents that support this as
3239-648: The city and in the region of Campos Gerais is accompanied by canyons , rocky walls and waterfalls as found in the municipality in the São Jorge River, which demonstrates a morfoestrutural control. The main drainage basin that covers Ponta Grossa is the Tibagi River (original indigenous denotation "Tibaji"), tributary of the Paranapanema River in a hierarchy with the Paraná River . Tibagi covers 6.5% of
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3318-420: The city in question. Another version, but not necessarily contradictory, states that the farmers of the area would launch a couple of pigeons and where these birds would land would mark the beginning of the Freguesia with the construction of the chapel Mrs. Saint Anne . Ponta Grossa had its territory traversed from the 16th century, when the Campos Gerais were crossed by Spanish expeditions that demanded of
3397-541: The collective imagination. The München Fest, a party dedicated to German culture and also known as the Festa Nacional do Chopp Escuro (in English: Dark Chopp National Party ), is the biggest event in Paraná and usually lasts a week between November and December. In this city, the industrial sector is fundamental (supported by agriculture). The city hosts the largest concentration of industry in
3476-467: The construction of the railroad was important, being Ponta Grossa an entrocamento region. Viewed as city-crossroads due to the construction of highways and roads that gave this geostrategic favoring. The railroad was important for the modernization of the city as well as its growth in the 20th century. In the early years of the Brazilian Republic, the farmers began to suffer the scarcity of labor, so
3555-423: The current suburb of Boa Vista. When fulfilling the mission Francisco Mulato would have said " Sinhô knows well because it is leaning in that capon that has the thick tip". Having approved the name but not the location, the group of farmers decided that the place of the future settlement would be where a white pigeon with a red ribbon bow on the neck, loose in the prairies , would stay overnight. After many flocks,
3634-510: The district of Guaragi, an extinct municipality named Entre Rios (State Law No. 3,315), being was incorporated of Palmeira . Piriquitos was the last district to be declared. Created on 13 March 1962 (State Law No. 4,556), leaving it to be a district in the 21st century. Today, in all, they are the previous four, including the headquarters. Ponta Grossa is on the Second Plateau Paranaense (also known as Plateau of Ponta Grossa, limited
3713-454: The driest months due to the cold and dry polar air mass advance. January and February are the most humid due to the humidity that advances from the tropical Atlantic , in addition to the evaporation itself in hot periods generating the short and fast convective rains . However, on average the relative humidity of the air is always high. The number of sunshine hours does not change much during seasons. Tornados and cyclones are rare and there
3792-487: The east through the Escarpa Devoniana ), at a latitude of 25º09'S and longitude of 50º16'W, from the capital of Paraná to downtown is 70,8 miles (114 km). The city has 16 neighbourhoods giving the urban area a sum of 17,241 km (6,657 sq mi). The relief is quite bumpy is found numerous valleys within the urban area. It is considered the main road and rail junction in southern Brazil . It has access to
3871-599: The elevated portions of Uvaia with the Itararé Formation). Or also on poorer soils that do not have a long depth and is sandy, as seen near the Escarpa Devoniana towards the east of the municipality. There are two main types of photole vegetation: dry fields, formed in relatively flat places, usually in lithosols and poor cambisols. Among them are the Colchão Glass and the Forquilha Glass. It usually exists where there
3950-767: The entire area of the municipality, its tributaries are the Pitangui River which in its margin is subdivided into: Verde, Cará-Cará and Botuquara known in the city. There are no major watercourses on the left bank. The municipality also has the source of the Ribeira River within the Campos Gerais Park in a depression with altitude much smaller than the urban area and it is found in the 1st Planalto (Plateau of Curitiba). Municipalities of Brazil Recent elections The municipalities of Brazil ( Portuguese : municípios do Brasil ) are administrative divisions of
4029-439: The farmer the place chosen to establish his farm, "there at Ponta Grossa ". Or even that the name had seen later when the owner ceded the lands for settlement . Ponta Grossa was founded on the farm of Miguel da Rocha Ferreira Carvalhaes who chose it as favorable agricultural land . The farm still exists towards Castro . In 1871 the city came to be called Pitangui, but the following year it resumed its original name. Sometimes it
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#17328551223964108-531: The federal highway BR-376 that connects to the north of the state and gives access to BR-277 that allows access from west to east of the state, including Curitiba and Foz do Iguaçu . The same highway gives access in the south direction to resume the BR-376 allowing to go towards Santa Catarina . The average salary is 2.7 Brazilian minimum wage, placing it in a satisfactory position in Paraná in relation to other areas. The number of people to be in regular employment
4187-496: The figure of Lamenha Lins . By the middle of the nineteenth century, altogether 2,300 ethnic Germans from the Russian Empire arrived in the region. This immigration was in part fueled by the arrival of the railroad. The presence of the railroad also lead to other groups of immigrants coming to the city. This included Slavs , Italians and some people from southwest Asia. The city experienced great progress from 2 March 1894, when
4266-447: The foundation was celebrated in the administration of the mayor Brasílio Ribas . On 17 October 1930, Getúlio Vargas and his troops arrived at the train station, which would remain in the republic for fifteen years. On this occasion Getúlio walked through the city streets alongside Lieutenant-Colonel Galdino Luís Esteves and Aristides Krauser do Canto , being cheered by the population who waved red handkerchiefs and flags, symbols of
4345-402: The founding of the city of Ponta Grossa, took place from 1800, about a century or more after the area began having regular visits from muleteers. When the settlement first began the Campos Gerais were under the jurisdiction of Vila Nova de Castro . The first settlers who settled here were farmers from the state of São Paulo . They chose this area due to the abundance of natural pastures and
4424-611: The increase of sapopema and imbuia, more similar to that found in the vicinity of the capital of Paraná . The city has a rich geological heritage. It is located on the Paraná Sedimentary Basin (morphostructural unit) of Paleozoic age on the Crystalline Basement presenting metamorphic and igneous rocks . Pre-Cambrian igneous rocks of the Cunhaporanga granitic complex are the exception because do not belong of
4503-542: The initiative of Augusto Ribas , large scale settlement of ethnic Germans migrating from the Russian Empire Russian-German began in the municipality, two years after the visit of the Emperor Dom Pedro II, main incentive of the immigrations, when he stayed in the residence of Major Domingos Pereira Pinto to whom granted the title of Baron of Guaraúna . The state government also encouraged through
4582-411: The interior of Paraná . Agroindustry , lumber and metalworking are the major industries. The result is reflected in national GDP with the contribution from this city within the interior of Brazil, being only below Foz do Iguaçu . Municipal GDP increased over the state and national average between 2013 and 2019, this was also seen in the number of registered companies and employees. The place where it
4661-504: The last municipal elections were held on 15 November 2020. Each municipality has the constitutional power to approve its own laws, as well as collecting taxes and receiving funds from the state and federal governments. However, municipal governments have no judicial power per se , and courts are only organised at the state or federal level. A subdivision of the state judiciary, or comarca , can either correspond to an individual municipality or encompass several municipalities. The seat of
4740-671: The left bank of the Itarare River and the headwaters of the Tibagi River , they donated part of his lands to the Jesuits who in the vicinity of São Miguel Riverside, a tributary of the Pitangui River, erected the Santa Bárbara do Pitangui Chapel. where they established the Curato of the Company of Jesus that in no time knew extraordinary progress. But the route of the main road was diverted, causing
4819-456: The lower quality is used because it is outcrop, since the Furnas normally be lower. The Ponta Grossa Formation has a good form of water storage but difficult to flow and is usually associated with another two in well records. Being in an urban environment is susceptible of contamination. Other cares refer to the karst relief in Furnas that can cause landslides . This arch, named after the city,
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#17328551223964898-450: The main economic source became the yerba mate and wood. In 1904, when Ernesto Guimarães Villela was mayor, the electric lighting system provided by Guimarães' company Ericksen & Filho was inaugurated and the water and sewage system designed and supervised by engineers Alvaro Souza Martins and Jacob Schamber has implemented it only concluded with funding from the state government by Mayor Teodoro Batista Rosas . The centennial of
4977-649: The municipal administration is a nominated city ( cidade ), with no specification in the law about the minimum population, area or facilities. The city always has the same name as the municipality, as they are not treated as distinct entities. Municipalities can be subdivided, only for administrative purposes, into districts (normally, new municipalities are formed from these districts). Other populated sites are villages, but with no legal effect or regulation. Almost all municipalities are subdivided into neighbourhoods ( bairros ), although most municipalities do not officially define their neighbourhood limits (usually small cities in
5056-421: The old municipality of Conchas that happens to be district (Decree nº 2,439). In letters from 1936 and the following year, Itaiacoca appears as another district that on 31 March 1938 was renamed Cerrado (State Decree-Law No. 6,667), returning to the old name on 20 October of the same year (State Decree- Law No. 5773). On 30 December 1943, Conchas became known as Uvaia (State Decree-Law No. 199). On 11 September 1957,
5135-542: The pipes connected to the network. It is also characterized by low urban afforestation in relation to most of the paranaenses cities. For a historical and phytogeographic regionalization, the city is located in the Campos Gerais do Paraná (In English: General Fields of the Paraná ) the most important of the region. For the IBGE 's official regionalization, the city is located in the Central-Eastern region of Paraná. Locating in
5214-519: The point of stop of troops and travelers. Another point of reference at this time was the Casa de Telhas (in English: House of Tiles ), constructed by the Jesuits for relate with people of the region. In this house were celebrated the offices of the sacrament and religious festivals. In a short time, around the Casa de Telhas appeared the first huts. In addition to serving as Church to hold celebrations
5293-434: The prominence that the cities of the north had been obtaining and other cities that appreciated the construction of highways, the axis Ponta Grossa-Curitiba would have been important in the dynamics of the coffee flow. In addition to banking, administrative and commercialization of manufacturing and primary resources . Although it is also affected when there were economic problems in the cultivation of coffee. The 1970s marked
5372-410: The revolution. Until the 1950s, Ponta Grossa was the main city in the interior of the state of Paraná, due to the railways, factories processing the yerba mate , leather and wood processing as well as ceramics workshops , among which the production of bricks. This changed when cities were emerging in the north of the state (for example: Londrina and Maringá ) attracted by the coffee economy. Even with
5451-481: The ruins lie in the Carboniferous period was a more southern latitude covered by glaciers. The landscape itself was formed after several burials and erosive processes. Different shapes can be found: flutes, dissolution cones, pointed tops, towers and pillars. Although the popular saying has long ago explained that Vila Velha was originated by the action of the wind, geological research however has been stating that it
5530-419: The same year. The Provincial Law nº 82, of 24 March 1862, elevated the town to the category of city. On 15 April 1871, through Law 281, it was renamed Pitangui. Very shortly after that it was named Ponta Grossa on 5 April 1872. Ponta Grossa passed the seat of Comarca on 18 April 1876, by Law No. 469, and was installed on 16 December of it, assuming on this date as the first Judge Conrado Ericksen. In 1878, at
5609-484: The sedimentary basin covering a large part of the state. Within the larger structure that models the relief is the morphosculptural unit represented by the Second Planalto modeled by climatic influence to millions of years of similar origins and modeling. The relief is gently undulating (though rugged) exhibiting prominent hills and points. Furnas and ruiniform reliefs are present within its political limit. Rivers like
5688-454: The symbolic species of Paraná is the one that reached its climax . Among the other species found are imbuia, types of cinnamon , monjoleiro, cedar, guabiroba and bravo pine. Tapexengui, fumo bravo, red scarlet and pau cigarra are found below the canopy . Wildwood was drastically reduced by deforestation as well as by the use of wood until around the 1950s. Such use was replaced by exotic species such as Pinus elliottii . Over time, there
5767-682: The true ocean climates . The average temperature in the winter (July) is from 56.7 °F (13.7 °C) and in the summer (January) is from 70.5 °F (21.4 °C), a high temperature average relatively low for the location. In the plant hardiness of the USDA the city is in zone 9b in almost your totality, in the same zone that the Central Florida by which it allows the growth of the genus Pinus , among other subtropical species. The various valleys are important to create microclimates with different temperatures and humidity. Heat islands can occur in
5846-562: The way of the Fields of Palms . The Benedictines protested, claiming acquired rights, presenting the Term of concession, but nothing of value was worth the appeals, finishing the immense area in possession of bandeirante Atanagildo. It was not long before, and he was lord of the Campos Gerais, the Captain-General José Góes e Moraes. Along with Pedro Taques de Almeida (besides others of noble lineage) that required territories between
5925-549: The whole block can descend. The spaces in vain are occupied by rocks of the fault, allowing that rocks of the Itararé Group and of the Ponta Grossa Formation, therefore of rocks of very different ages are at the same stratigraphic level . The geological unit of Furnas has a fractured and karstic aquifer where it has been receiving innumerable grants in the last decades for the installation of tubular wells due to water quality. The Itararé Group also has aquifer , although
6004-460: Was 5.1' (130.5 mm) on 13 February 1966. Other large accumulations were 4.4' (110.9 mm) on 6 May 1970 and 3.9' (100 mm) on 4 July 1965. The lowest relative humidity was recorded in the afternoon of 9 June 1967, at 14%. Other years recorded were 1975 and 1981. Usually can stay up to 20 years without the occurrence, other times the interval may be 2 years. Frosts are the most common winter event, about 5 annual freezes. August and July are
6083-507: Was a feedback policy on the amount spent for replanting forests. Although araucarias often appear in the gallery forests in extremely humid areas the tree does not develop, and then emerges xaxins and samambais as found in the Serra do Mar among other species. In the district of Itaiacoca there is an influence of the Atlantic Forest , reducing the amount of native conifer in opposition to
6162-507: Was a place of rest. It is believed that the construction of the same was an attempt to press the elevation of Ponta Grossa, until then a neighborhood of Castro to a freguesia . A cemetery and a chapel had also been built. It is he historic moment than the version of the pigeons appears for the choice of place due to divergence between the farmers, described in the sequence. Domingos Teixeira Lobo, Antonio da Rocha Carvalhães and Benedito Mariano Fernandes Ribas were three early settlers who saw
6241-427: Was not until after 1800 that Pinta Grossa became a city. Until then it was an agrarian environment inhabited mainly by subsistence farmers. Criatório (where the cattle are handled) and invernagem (rest period of animals) stimulated trade. So that the farmer "returns" to becomes tropeiro again. Through the agriculture do not effective and as consequence the urbanization process is slow. On 15 September 1823, through
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