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162-452: Broadway cuts through the middle of the district, and Madison Avenue begins at 23rd Street and runs north. At the north (uptown) end of the district is Madison Square Park , which was completely renovated in 2001. The Flatiron District encompasses within its boundaries the Ladies' Mile Historic District and the birthplace of Theodore Roosevelt , a National Historic Site . The Flatiron District

324-490: A frontage of 98.5 feet (30.0 m) on Madison Avenue to the west and 150 feet (46 m) on 25th Street to the south. The original structure measured 150 feet (46 m) wide along 25th Street, with a depth of 50 feet (15 m) on its western end (facing Madison Avenue) and 100 feet (30 m) on its eastern end. Madison Square Park is across Madison Avenue, while the New York Merchandise Mart occupies

486-520: A metonym for it, as well as in the names of alternative theatrical ventures such as Off-Broadway and Off-off-Broadway . Broadway was originally the Wickquasgeck trail, carved into the brush of Manhattan by its Native American inhabitants. This trail originally snaked through swamps and rocks along the length of Manhattan Island. Upon the arrival of the Dutch , the trail was widened and soon became

648-403: A Holocaust memorial on the building in 1986; the memorial cost $ 200,000 and was formally dedicated in 1990. Queens –based firm Nab Interiors was hired in 1999 to restore the interior of the courthouse for $ 1.5 million. Over the next year, architectural firm Platt Byard Dovell White restored the courtroom in conjunction with restoration consultant Building Conservation Associates . Once

810-411: A formal opening on January 2, 1900. Following unsuccessful attempts to relocate the court in the 1930s and 1940s, the northern annex was built between 1952 and 1955, and the original courthouse was also renovated. The structure was again renovated in the 1980s and in the 2000s. Throughout the courthouse's existence, its architecture has received largely positive commentary. The Appellate Division Courthouse

972-442: A frieze and cornice. In addition, there are ornate, paneled coat stalls with decorations such as griffins and finials , and there are stained-glass windows on the north wall (shared with the main courtroom), behind the coat stalls. The anteroom has holes for holding canes and hooks for holding hats, which are illuminated by the stained-glass windows. There is also a lawyers' room next to the waiting room, with similar decorations to

1134-479: A group of four female caryatids on the Madison Avenue front, at the third-floor level, representing the seasons. From left to right are Winter , next to a censer with a flame; Autumn , holding grapes in her hands; Summer , holding a sheaf of wheat and a sickle ; and Spring , which is nude to her waist and holding a garland. The six-story annex north of the original building is made of Alabama marble and

1296-414: A high base, and flat walls. The structure has been likened to an 18th-century English country house because of its Palladian details, and it was similar in scale to low-rise residential buildings at the time of its construction. A six-story annex next to the original building on Madison Avenue was designed by Rogers & Butler in 1952. Sixteen sculptors, led by Daniel Chester French , worked on

1458-642: A hotel, live seals were kept in indoor fountains inside its lobby. Later, it was home to the infamous Plato's Retreat nightclub. Immediately north of Verdi Square is the Apple Bank Building , formerly the Central Savings Bank, which was built in 1926 and designed to resemble the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Broadway is also home to the Beacon Theatre at West 74th Street , designated

1620-474: A national landmark in 1979 and still in operation as a concert venue after its establishment in 1929 as a vaudeville and music hall, and "sister" venue to Radio City Music Hall . At its intersection with West 78th Street, Broadway shifts direction and continues directly uptown and aligned approximately with the Commissioners' grid. Past the bend are the historic Apthorp apartment building, built in 1908, and

1782-471: A one-block stretch between 24th and 25th Streets. At Greeley Square (West 32nd Street), Broadway crosses Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas), and is discontinuous to vehicles until West 35th Street. Macy's Herald Square department store, one block north of the vehicular discontinuity, is located on the northwest corner of Broadway and West 34th Street and southwest corner of Broadway and West 35th Street; it

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1944-588: A pilot program; the right-of-way is intact and reserved for cyclists and pedestrians. From the northern shore of Manhattan, Broadway crosses Spuyten Duyvil Creek via the Broadway Bridge and continues through Marble Hill (a discontiguous portion of the borough of Manhattan) and the Bronx into Westchester County . U.S. 9 continues to be known as Broadway until its junction with NY 117 . The section of lower Broadway from its origin at Bowling Green to City Hall Park

2106-404: A sandwich shop that opened in the space in 1928. Notes 40°44′27″N 73°59′23″W  /  40.7408°N 73.9896°W  / 40.7408; -73.9896 Broadway (Manhattan) Broadway ( / ˈ b r ɔː d w eɪ / ) is a road in the U.S. state of New York . Broadway runs from the south at State Street at Bowling Green for 13 mi (20.9 km) through

2268-437: A scroll. Mowbray's figures are painted in green, yellow, and blue and are superimposed on a blue background. Robert Reid's artwork of justice occupies the east wall, as well as the eastern part of the south wall, and depicts various topics, tenets, and types of art. Charles Yardley Turner designed two figures, signifying equity and law, above the main entrances on the south wall. Willard Metcalf's justice artwork occupies

2430-503: A set of stairs leading to the portico. Both statues are variously cited as measuring 6 feet 10 inches (2.08 m) tall or 7 feet 6 inches (2.29 m) tall. They each depict a heroically sized male figure; the Force sculpture is of a man wearing armor, while the Wisdom sculpture holds an open book. Recessed behind the columns of the portico are five bays of doorways;

2592-574: A shared street. Broadway runs the length of Manhattan Island, roughly parallel to the North River (the portion of the Hudson River bordering Manhattan), from Bowling Green at the south to Inwood at the northern tip of the island. South of Columbus Circle , it is a one-way southbound street. Since 2009, vehicular traffic has been banned at Times Square between 47th and 42nd Streets , and at Herald Square between 35th and 33rd Streets as part of

2754-563: A similar street in Amsterdam – or "High Street" or "the Highway"; it was renamed "Broadway" after the British took over the city, because of its unusual width. Although currently the name of the street is simply "Broadway", in a 1776 map of New York City, it is labeled as "Broadway Street". In the 18th century, Broadway ended at the town commons north of Wall Street . The part of Broadway in what

2916-480: A site at 99 Park Avenue (between 39th and 40th Streets) and filed plans for a new appellate courthouse at that site in early 1938, although officials predicted that the new courthouse would not be completed for several years. Plans for the replacement courthouse had been postponed by that October, when funding earmarked for the new courthouse was used instead to finance the construction of the Belt Parkway . After

3078-750: A site directly to the north. Other nearby buildings include the New York Life Building one block north, the Metropolitan Life North Building across 25th Street to the south, and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower one block south. The original three-story Beaux-Arts courthouse, at the corner of Madison Avenue and 25th Street, was built between 1896 and 1899. It was designed by James Brown Lord in an Italian Renaissance Revival style with Palladian -inspired details, which include tall columns,

3240-425: A small group of guests, including Appellate Division justices and their friends, to tour the interior. The Appellate Division, First Department, had moved the last of its furnishings from its old courthouse on Fifth Avenue by the end of that month. The First Department formally took possession of the new courthouse at 1:00   p.m. on January 2, 1900, with speeches from each of the department's seven justices. At

3402-452: A steam-and-warm-air heating plant in the existing courthouse, replace the masonry and stone on the facade, add air-conditioning to part of the interior, and repair the roof. Rogers & Butler filed plans for the annex in July 1952, at which point the building was projected to cost $ 1,184,761; the city borrowed $ 1.25 million to pay for the project. The building's sculptures had become rundown by

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3564-459: Is William Couper 's sculpture of the Hebrew lawman Moses . Between Confucius and Moses is Karl Bitter 's sculptural group Peace . This sculptural group consists of a central figure with uplifted arms, flanked by a female and male figure. Charles Albert Lopez's Mohammed originally stood on the western end of the 25th Street elevation but was removed in 1955 following protests against

3726-429: Is set back slightly and includes rectangular windows, a simple entablature, and a rooftop parapet with sculptures. On the pediment is Charles Henry Niehaus 's Triumph of Law , a group of five figures. The grouping is variously cited as measuring 43 feet (13 m) wide and 9 feet (2.7 m) high, or 32 feet (9.8 m) wide and 14 feet (4.3 m) high. This sculptural group contains icons such as tablets of

3888-462: Is illuminated by a 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) ceiling dome and three large windows, which in turn were designed by Armstrong. The dome bears the names of the Appellate Division's presiding justices. This courtroom's ceiling was protected by a second dome, which extended to a glass dome in the roof. The circumference of the dome contains wrought letters spelling out the names of "past leaders of

4050-594: Is listed on the National Register of Historic Places , and its facade and interior are both New York City designated landmarks . The Appellate Division Courthouse is in the Flatiron District neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City , on the northeast corner of the intersection of Madison Avenue and 25th Street . The rectangular land lot covers approximately 14,812 square feet (1,376.1 m ), with

4212-834: Is now Lower Manhattan was initially known as Great George Street . Traffic continued up the East Side of the island via Eastern Post Road and the West Side via Bloomingdale Road, which opened in 1703, continued up to 117th Street and contributed to the development of the modern Upper West Side into an upscale area with mansions. In her 1832 book Domestic Manners of the Americans , Fanny Trollope wrote of her impressions of New York City in general and of Broadway in particular: This noble street may vie with any I ever saw, for its length and breadth, its handsome shops, neat awnings, excellent trottoir , and well-dressed pedestrians. It has not

4374-439: Is now known as South Broadway. It trends ever westward, closer to the Hudson River , remaining a busy urban commercial street. In downtown Yonkers, it drops close to the river, becomes North Broadway and 9A leaves via Ashburton Avenue. Broadway climbs to the nearby ridgetop runs parallel to the river and the railroad, a few blocks east of both as it passes St. John's Riverside Hospital . The neighborhoods become more residential and

4536-520: Is one of the largest department stores in the world. One famous stretch near Times Square , where Broadway crosses Seventh Avenue in midtown Manhattan , is the home of many Broadway theatres , housing an ever-changing array of commercial, large-scale plays, particularly musicals . This area of Manhattan is often called the Theater District or the Great White Way, a nickname originating in

4698-403: Is the historical location for the city's ticker-tape parades , and is sometimes called the " Canyon of Heroes " during such events. West of Broadway, as far as Canal Street , was the city's fashionable residential area until c.  1825 ; landfill has more than tripled the area, and the Hudson River shore now lies far to the west, beyond Tribeca and Battery Park City . Broadway marks

4860-498: Is used as storage space and a heating plant. To the north of the original courthouse is the six-story annex, which contains additional offices and is connected to the original courthouse by various hallways. The First Department of the New York Supreme Court 's Appellate Division was established in 1894 and had occupied rented quarters at 111 Fifth Avenue , at the intersection with 19th Street. The First Department,

5022-465: The 72nd Street subway station, one of the first 28 subway stations in Manhattan, remains located on one of the wide islands in the center of Broadway, on the south side of West 72nd Street. For many years, all traffic on Broadway flowed on either side of this median and its subway entrance, and its uptown lanes went past it along the western edge of triangular Verdi Square. In 2001 and 2002, renovation of

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5184-475: The 72nd Street station was built in the exact location of these lanes. Northbound traffic on Broadway is now channeled onto Amsterdam Avenue to 73rd Street, makes a left turn on the three-lane 73rd Street, and then a right turn on Broadway shortly afterward. In August 2008, two traffic lanes from 42nd to 35th Streets were taken out of service and converted to public plazas. Bike lanes were added on Broadway from 42nd Street to Union Square . Since May 2009,

5346-529: The Auschwitz concentration camp at its base, as well as a 38-foot-tall (12 m) marble column intended to resemble the smokestack of a Nazi concentration camp . During 2023, a golden sculpture of a female lawgiver, known as NOW , was temporarily mounted atop the easternmost pedestal on 25th Street. Created by Pakistani-American artist Shahzia Sikander , the sculpture was intended to draw attention to gender inequality and gender biases . The first story

5508-768: The First Baptist Church in the City of New York , incorporated in New York in 1762, its current building on Broadway erected in 1891. The road heads north and passes historically important apartment houses such as the Belnord , the Astor Court Building , and the Art Nouveau Cornwall . At Broadway and 95th Street is Symphony Space , established in 1978 as home to avant-garde and classical music and dance performances in

5670-643: The George Washington Bridge / I-95 underpass comprises a portion of U.S. Route 9 . It is the oldest north–south main thoroughfare in New York City, with much of the current street allegedly beginning as the Wickquasgeck trail before the arrival of Europeans. This then formed the basis for one of the primary thoroughfares of the Dutch New Amsterdam colony, which continued under British rule, although most of it did not bear its current name until

5832-594: The Harlem River on the Broadway Bridge to Marble Hill . Afterward, it then enters the Bronx , where it is the eastern border of Riverdale and the western border of Van Cortlandt Park . At 253rd Street, NY 9A joins with US 9 and Broadway. (NY 9A splits off Broadway at Ashburton Avenue in Yonkers.) The northwestern corner of the park marks the New York City limit and Broadway enters Westchester County in Yonkers , where it

5994-645: The John William Draper House , was the site of the first astrophotograph of the Moon . In the next village, Dobbs Ferry , Broadway has various views of the Hudson River while passing through the residential section. Broadway passes by the Old Croton Aqueduct and nearby the shopping district of the village. After intersecting with Ashford Avenue, Broadway passes Mercy College , then turns left again at

6156-523: The New York City Department of Sanitation . Appellate Division Courthouse of New York State The Appellate Division Courthouse of New York State, First Department , is a courthouse at the northeast corner of Madison Avenue and 25th Street in the Flatiron District neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City , United States. The courthouse is used by the First Department of

6318-657: The New York Public Library Main Branch and U.S. Custom House , rather than to municipal buildings like the Tweed Courthouse and the City Hall Post Office . After the courthouse opened, Charles DeKay wrote in The Independent that it "shines like an ivory casket among boxes of ordinary maple". DeKay believed that the small size of the Madison Avenue frontage gave the appearance that

6480-412: The New York Supreme Court 's Appellate Division . The original three-story building on 25th Street and Madison Avenue, designed by James Brown Lord , was finished in 1899. A six-story annex to the north, on Madison Avenue, was designed by Rogers & Butler and completed in 1955. The facade of both the original building and its annex are made almost entirely out of marble . The courthouse's exterior

6642-611: The Pan Am Building . The marble clock tower of the building, modeled on St Mark's Campanile in Venice , dominates Madison Square and the park there. Nearby, on Madison Avenue between 26th and 27th Streets , on the site of the old Madison Square Garden , is the New York Life Building , built in 1928 and designed by Cass Gilbert , with a square tower topped by a pyramid covered with gold-colored tiles. The Appellate Division Courthouse of New York State on Madison Avenue at 25th Street ,

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6804-692: The U.S. Rubber Company Building at 58th Street , the B.F. Goodrich showroom at 1780 Broadway (between 58th and 57th Streets ), the Fisk Building at 250 West 57th Street, and the Demarest and Peerless Buildings at 224 West 57th Street. Broadway once was a two-way street for its entire length. The present status, in which it runs one-way southbound south of Columbus Circle ( 59th Street ), came about in several stages. On June 6, 1954, Seventh Avenue became southbound and Eighth Avenue became northbound south of Broadway. None of Broadway became one-way, but

6966-504: The borough of Manhattan , over the Broadway Bridge , and 2 mi (3.2 km) through the Bronx , exiting north from New York City to run an additional 18 mi (29.0 km) through the Westchester County municipalities of Yonkers , Hastings-On-Hudson , Dobbs Ferry , Irvington , Tarrytown , and Sleepy Hollow , after which the road continues, but is no longer called "Broadway". The latter portion of Broadway north of

7128-517: The image of the prophet from Muslim nations. The next sculptures to the east are Edward Clark Potter 's Zoroaster , depicting the founder of Zoroastrianism ; Jonathan Scott Hartley 's Alfred the Great , depicting an Anglo-Saxon king; George Edwin Bissell 's Lycurgus , depicting a Spartan legislator; and Herbert Adams's Solon , depicting an Athenian legislator. There are three more statues to

7290-411: The judges' bench , which is placed on a dais ; the bench is curved outward and is elaborately decorated. The front portion of the judges' bench contains colonettes and panels. Behind each of the bench's five seats are ornamental panels with scallop-shaped tympana; each panel is separated by engaged columns , and there is an entablature above the columns. There is a wooden balustrade separating

7452-582: The $ 700,000 that had been budgeted for the project. This stood in contrast to other municipal projects like the Manhattan Municipal Building ; the Hall of Records ; and the Williamsburg , Manhattan , and Queensboro bridges, all of which had gone significantly over budget. The decorations alone cost $ 211,300, which Lord said was justified by the fact that artwork on public buildings was invaluable to

7614-556: The 1950s, when the New York Herald Tribune reported that some of the sculptures were standing "only by the grace of guy wires". As part of the renovation, Zurmuhlen announced in January 1953 that the sculptures would be taken down. A restoration expert had estimated that the cost of replacing the works would be similar to the cost of the building's renovation, which was expected to range from $ 1.2 million to $ 1.4 million; restoring

7776-463: The American bar" at the time of the building's completion in 1899. The lawyers' anteroom is located at the southeastern corner of the building, on 25th Street; most of the room's original decorations are still extant. It is accessed by paneled wooden doors at the southern end of the main hall's east wall. The lawyers' anteroom has elaborate woodwork doorways and window frames, and the plaster ceiling has

7938-483: The Appellate Division Courthouse opened, the lawyer Austen George Fox said that the Appellate Division's relocation had been a "wise move". Originally, the Appellate Division Courthouse had a 48-foot-tall (15 m) chimney, but this was expanded in 1908 because the construction of a neighboring building blocked the chimney's opening, forcing gas and dirty air back into the courthouse. The courthouse

8100-496: The Appellate Division Courthouse should be designated as a city landmark. The building's exterior was designated as a city landmark that June. The city's real-estate commissioner, Ira Duchan, leased 100,000 square feet (9,300 m ) of the site's unused air rights to the developer of the neighboring New York Merchandise Mart in April 1970; this was the first time that air rights above a city-owned structure had been leased. As part of

8262-633: The Appellate Division to remove or destroy the Mohammed sculpture, as some sects of Islam prohibited visual depictions of Mohammed. The sculpture's existence was largely unknown before the plans to remove the sculptures were publicly announced. Work on the annex commenced in June 1953 and was completed that September; subsequently, work on the facade began in October 1954 and was completed by 1956. The First Department's justices agreed to permanently remove Mohammed , and

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8424-649: The Herald Square area. Additionally, portions of Broadway in Madison Square and Union Square have been dramatically narrowed, allowing ample pedestrian plazas to exist along the side of the road. A terrorist attempted to set off a bomb on Broadway in Times Square on May 1, 2010. The attempted bomber was sentenced to life in prison. In May 2013, the NYCDOT decided to redesign Broadway between 35th and 42nd Streets for

8586-519: The Square's northwest corner; Union Square is the only location wherein the physical section of Broadway is discontinuous in Manhattan (other portions of Broadway in Manhattan are pedestrian-only plazas). At Madison Square , the location of the Flatiron Building, Broadway crosses Fifth Avenue at 23rd Street , thereby moving from the east side of Manhattan to the west, and is discontinuous to vehicles for

8748-578: The Tower), and taller than the Flatiron Building. The triplex penthouse was purchased for $ 57.3 million in February 2014. Another landmark is the 1909 sidewalk clock outside 200 Fifth Avenue. The campus of the City University of New York 's Baruch College is located between 23rd and 25th Streets on Lexington Avenue , at the eastern edge of the district. The Field Building at 23rd Street and Lexington Avenue,

8910-460: The U.S., the area began to be referred to as the Photo District because of the large number of photographers' studios and associated businesses located there, the photographers having come because of the relatively cheap rents. As of the 2000s, many publishers have their offices in the district, as well as advertising agencies , and the number of computer- and Web-related start-up companies in

9072-525: The United States. The facade is made almost entirely of marble . The original marble was quarried from North Adams, Massachusetts , except for small portions quarried from Proctor, Vermont , but this was replaced in 1954 with Alabama marble. A low marble parapet , also installed in 1954, is placed in front of the building at street level. It contains white marble sculptures depicting subjects related to law; there were originally 21 sculptures, but one

9234-746: The address of Alexander Hamilton 's house, The Grange , which has been moved. Broadway achieves a verdant, park-like effect, particularly in the spring, when it runs between the uptown Trinity Church Cemetery and the former Trinity Chapel, now the Church of the Intercession near 155th Street. NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital lies on Broadway near 166th, 167th, and 168th Streets in Washington Heights . The intersection with St. Nicholas Avenue at 167th Street forms Mitchell Square Park . At 178th Street, US 9 becomes concurrent with Broadway. Broadway crosses

9396-481: The agreement, the Merchandise Mart's developer Samuel Rudin agreed to pay out $ 3.45 million to the New York City government over 75 years. After leasing the air rights, he subleased the courthouse back to the city government. The city also acquired a pair of brownstone residences to the east, intending to expand the courthouse further. The houses were demolished by 1972, with the site being used for parking, but

9558-445: The area caused it to be considered part of " Silicon Alley " or "Multimedia Gulch", along with TriBeCa and SoHo . The Flatiron district was bounded by the center of the printing trades south of 23rd Street and the garment industry starting to the north of 23rd Street. With the collapse of the printing trades and the textile industries in New York City, the area's business focus shifted towards technology companies, and to firms serving

9720-697: The area include Tibet House US , the Tibetan cultural preservation and education nonprofit founded by Robert Thurman and Richard Gere , which features a gallery and exhibitions on 15th Street. The Museum of Sex and the Gershwin Hotel, are both located on 27th Street. The Gershwin is a tribute to the late pop artist Andy Warhol , and features some of his art and memorabilia throughout the hotel. The area has many stores, such as Ann Taylor , Victoria's Secret , Club Monaco , and Origins . " Big-box " retailers dominate Sixth Avenue between 14th Street and 23rd Street, at

9882-404: The bench, Kenyon Cox designed The Reign of Law , a five-part frieze with figures that signify numerous tenets related to the reign of law, mostly in a yellow color scheme. The gilded ceiling is divided into multiple panels and coffers, similar to in the main hall. As in the main hall, the gold-on-red color of the ceiling was intended to harmonize with the marble used on the walls. The space

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10044-523: The bottoms of each column. Behind the colonnade, there are arched windows on the first floor and rectangular windows with balustrades on the second floor, similar to the windows in the entrance portico. As on the 25th Street elevation, the second floor is topped by an entablature and a cornice. The third floor is also set back slightly and is similar in design to that on 25th Street. The third-floor windows on Madison Avenue are flanked by four caryatids representing seasons. Thomas Shields Clarke sculpted

10206-484: The boundary between Greenwich Village to the west and the East Village to the east, passing Astor Place . It is a short walk from there to New York University near Washington Square Park , which is at the foot of Fifth Avenue . A bend in front of Grace Church allegedly avoids an earlier tavern; from 10th Street it begins its long diagonal course across Manhattan, headed almost due north. Because Broadway preceded

10368-548: The building "the rather pleasant little Appellate Court House with its ridiculous adornment of mortuary statuary." The building was featured in a 1977 exhibition, "Temple of Justice", at the clubhouse of the New York City Bar Association . Writing about that show, architectural critic Ada Louise Huxtable wrote in The New York Times that the building was "a compendium of classical culture backed up against

10530-435: The building was "part of a larger structure". Richard Ladegast wrote for Outlook that Lord should be "complimented upon his good taste in building, as it were, a frame for some fine pictures and a pedestal for not a few imposing pieces of sculpture". The Scientific American said the courthouse "is the most ambitious attempt yet realized in this country of a highly decorated public building". The same publication described

10692-479: The building was expected to cost $ 700,000. Ten contractors submitted bids for the project later that month. Charles T. Wills received the contract for $ 638,968, less than Lord's estimate of $ 659,000. Although there were four bids that were lower than Wills's bid, the justices rejected these other bids due to "irregularities". Lord filed plans for the site with the city's Department of Buildings in March 1898. As

10854-419: The building's statues measured 12 feet (3.7 m) tall on average; at the time, such large statues were usually installed on much larger buildings. Many of the statues are installed in pairs and are placed directly above the facade's columns and vertical piers . The freestanding figures were carved out of Lasser marble and cost $ 20,000 each (equivalent to $ 732,000 in 2023). The primary elevation of

11016-429: The center of town just past South Presbyterian Church , headed for equally comfortable Ardsley-on-Hudson and Irvington . Villa Lewaro , the home of Madam C. J. Walker , the first African-American millionaire, is along the highway here. At the north end of the village of Irvington, a memorial to writer Washington Irving , after whom the village was renamed, marks the turnoff to his home at Sunnyside . Entering into

11178-415: The city's public works commissioner Frederick Zurmuhlen approved an $ 800,000 plan by architecture firm Rogers & Butler to erect a six-story annex to the courthouse. The annex would add 25,200 square feet (2,340 m ) of space, including an enlarged library and six justices' chambers, while the existing building would be retrofitted with two additional justices' chambers. Zurmuhlen also planned to install

11340-427: The city. In its early years, the courthouse mainly was used to hear appeals of cases that had been decided by a lower court, such as the New York Supreme Court . The courthouse also hosted bar examinations , as well as other events such as a memorial service for First Department justice Edward Patterson. At the time of the new courthouse's opening, Midtown Manhattan was growing into a business center. Shortly after

11502-413: The courthouse "is said to have more exterior sculpture than any other building in the city". All of the sculptures were of fictional or dead figures. Although members of the then-prominent Tammany Hall political ring had advocated for the inclusion of sculptures of living people, the artists were against the idea of "a number of pants statues, which at a distance would have looked alike". As designed,

11664-514: The courthouse was "the only public building in the United States that from the beginning was designed with a view to complete harmony of detail—architectural, mural decoration and sculptural effect". Blashfield later said that he feared the artwork had been overdone because of the massive efforts that went into decorating the building. Specially-designed furniture was made by the Herter Brothers . There are three paneled-wood doors leading from

11826-522: The courthouse's exterior; all of the sculptors were members of the then-new National Sculpture Society . Lord, with the assistance of the National Society of Mural Painters , commissioned ten artists to execute allegorical murals for the courthouse's interior. According to the New York City Department of Citywide Administrative Services , at the time of the building's construction, it featured decorations by more sculptors than any other edifice in

11988-521: The courthouse. At the time of the courthouse's construction, the American Architect and Building News predicted that "the rest of the country will envy New York the possession of this building". The New-York Tribune wrote that the building "will have no peer, it is confidently believed, even among the imposing-looking courts of justice which the Old World is able to present". When the courthouse

12150-470: The crowded glitter of Bond Street equipages, nor the gorgeous fronted palaces of Regent Street ; but it is magnificent in its extent, and ornamented by several handsome buildings, some of them surrounded by grass and trees. In 1868, Bloomingdale Road between 59th Street (at the Grand Circle, now Columbus Circle ) and 155th Streets would be paved and widened, becoming an avenue with landscaped medians. It

12312-585: The department had seven judges, only five would hear cases at any given time; hence, the bench of the current courthouse has five seats. In June 1895, the New York City Sinking Fund Commission approved the Appellate Division's request to rent the third floor of the Constable Building at 111 Fifth Avenue, at the intersection with 19th Street, for two years. The justices wanted to develop a permanent courthouse, and they first looked to

12474-457: The designation. In the 1960s and 1970s, the area surrounding both Verdi Square and Sherman Square was known by local drug users and dealers as "Needle Park", and was featured prominently in the gritty 1971 dramatic film The Panic in Needle Park , directed by Jerry Schatzberg and starring Al Pacino in his second onscreen role. The original brick and stone shelter leading to the entrance of

12636-468: The district's western edge. One of the neighborhood's older restaurants is Eisenberg's Sandwich Shop , founded in 1929. The classic 40-foot (12 m) lunch counter restaurant at 174 Fifth Avenue, near East 22nd Street, changed owners five times over the last 94 years. It was saved from closing in 2005 by a loyal customer, closed again in March 2021 due to the Covid pandemic, and reopened as S & P, named for

12798-555: The east, Broadway becomes the busy main street of Tarrytown . Christ Episcopal Church , where Irving worshiped, is along the street. Many high-quality restaurants and shops are along this main road. This downtown ends at the eastern terminus of NY 448 , where Broadway slopes off to the left, downhill, and four signs indicate that Broadway turns left, passing the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow , another NHL. The road then enters Sleepy Hollow (formerly North Tarrytown), passing

12960-463: The east: John Talbott Donoghue 's Saint Louis , symbolizing the 13th-century French king; Henry Augustus Lukeman 's Manu , symbolizing the author of Manusmriti ; and Henry Kirke Bush-Brown 's Justinian , symbolizing the 6th-century Byzantine emperor. The remaining sculptures on 25th Street were each relocated to the next pedestal to the west after Mohammed was removed, and the easternmost pedestal (which originally supported Justinian )

13122-502: The eastern wall is a triptych with three panels separated by marble pilasters. From right to left, these panels are Power of the Law by Edwin H. Blashfield; Wisdom of the Law by Henry O. Walker; and Justice of the Law by Edward Simmons. All of these panels contain personifications of numerous concepts related to law. George Maynard carved a pair of seals of the city and state governments of New York, with one seal mounted on either side of

13284-435: The employees in the high-tech, finance, media, legal, and medical sectors. The Flatiron District is located in the part of Manhattan where the bedrock Manhattan schist is located deeper underground than it is above 29th Street and below Canal Street . Under the influence of zoning laws , the tallest buildings in the area used to top out at around 20 stories; older buildings of 3-6 floors are still numerous, especially on

13446-408: The expansion was canceled in 1979 and the land was sold off three years later. By the early 1980s, both the facade and interior were deteriorating. Pieces of the sculptures had fallen onto the street, and, in one case, a stained-glass pane fell out of the courtroom's ceiling dome during a trial. The interior of the courthouse was designated a New York City landmark in 1981, and the entire building

13608-569: The facade is along 25th Street to the south. At the center of the 25th Street elevation is a portico, which consists of a colonnade of six double-height columns supporting an entablature and a triangular pediment with sculpture. Each of the columns rises above a pedestal and is fluted , with capitals in the Corinthian order . The columns measure 24 feet (7.3 m) tall. At street level, "two pedestals holding two monumental seated figures" of Wisdom and Force , by Frederick Ruckstull , flank

13770-461: The featureless glass facade of a recent office tower", the Merchandise Mart. Another New York Times columnist likened the interiors to the "residence of a Middle Western industrialist", while yet another reporter for that paper described the edifice as a "small marble palace". Eric P. Nash wrote in the Times in 1994 that the courthouse's design "details attract the eye and engage the mind", particularly

13932-426: The first decade of the 20th century, the area was occupied mostly by equestrian industries and was "thoroughly lifeless", but by 1907, The New York Times characterized this section of Broadway as having "almost a solid line of motor vehicle signs all the way from Times Square to Sherman Square". In the late 1900s and early 1910s, several large automobile showrooms, stores, and garages were built on Broadway, including

14094-593: The former Symphony Theatre, which was originally built in 1918 as a premier "music and motion-picture house". At 99th Street, Broadway passes between the controversial skyscrapers of the Ariel East and West. At 107th Street, Broadway merges with West End Avenue , with the intersection forming Straus Park with its Titanic Memorial by Augustus Lukeman . Broadway then passes the campus of Columbia University at 116th Street in Morningside Heights , in part on

14256-617: The grid that the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 imposed on the island, Broadway crosses midtown Manhattan diagonally, intersecting with both the east–west streets and north–south avenues. Broadway's intersections with avenues, marked by " squares " (some merely triangular slivers of open space), have induced some interesting architecture, such as the Flatiron Building . At Union Square , Broadway crosses 14th Street , merges with Fourth Avenue , and continues its diagonal uptown course from

14418-480: The headline "Found on the Great White Way" in the February 3, 1902, edition of the New York Evening Telegram . The journalistic nickname was inspired by the millions of lights on theater marquees and billboard advertisements that illuminate the area. After becoming the city's de facto red-light district in the 1960s and 1970s (as can be seen in the films Taxi Driver and Midnight Cowboy ), since

14580-490: The historic 72nd Street station and the addition of a second subway control house and passenger shelter on an adjacent center median just north of 72nd Street, across from the original building, resulted in the creation of a public plaza with stone pavers and extensive seating, connecting the newer building with Verdi Square, and making it necessary to divert northbound traffic to Amsterdam Avenue for one block. While Broadway's southbound lanes at this intersection were unaffected by

14742-663: The increased southbound traffic between Columbus Circle (Eighth Avenue) and Times Square (Seventh Avenue) caused the city to re-stripe that section of Broadway for four southbound and two northbound lanes. Broadway became one-way from Columbus Circle south to Herald Square ( 34th Street ) on March 10, 1957, in conjunction with Sixth Avenue becoming one-way from Herald Square north to 59th Street and Seventh Avenue becoming one-way from 59th Street south to Times Square (where it crosses Broadway). On June 3, 1962, Broadway became one-way south of Canal Street , with Trinity Place and Church Street carrying northbound traffic. Another change

14904-547: The influx of many restaurants into the area – real estate agents needed an appealing name to call the area in their ads. Before that, the area was primarily commercial, with numerous small clothing and toy manufacturers, and was sometimes called the Toy District . The Toy Center buildings at 23rd Street and Broadway date from this period, and the annual American International Toy Fair took place there beginning in 1903, except for 1945. When much of this business moved outside

15066-492: The interior renovations had been completed, Platt Byard Dovell White restored the facade in 2001 in collaboration with the Rambusch Decorating Company . The courthouse continues to house the Appellate Division's First Department in the 21st century, although the department had expanded to 16 judges by the 2000s. The department does not hear any jury trials , so only judges, their staff, and lawyers are allowed into

15228-546: The intermediate appellate court serving Manhattan and the Bronx , heard appeals of civil cases. The First Department was the only appellate department in the state with seven judges, as the Appellate Division's other three departments had five judges. Despite this, the First Department was overwhelmed with cases in the late 1890s: it heard over a thousand cases annually, forcing the department to transfer some cases to Brooklyn and consider adding two more justices. Although

15390-577: The intersection of Broadway and Fifth Avenue was repurposed into a public plaza, simplifying that intersection. As part of the 2017 project, Worth Square was expanded, converting the adjoining block of Broadway into a "shared street". In September 2019, the pedestrian space in the Herald Square area was expanded between 33rd and 32nd Streets alongside Greeley Square . Five blocks of Broadway—from 50th to 48th, 39th to 39th, and 23rd to 21st Street—were converted into shared streets in late 2021. The block between 40th and 39th Streets, known as Golda Meir Square,

15552-448: The issuance of $ 897,000 in bonds, including $ 638,000 for the new courthouse, that June. The next month, the city began looking to sell $ 10 million worth of bonds, including $ 390,000 for the courthouse. There was relatively little media coverage of the building during its construction; by March 1899, the courthouse had been completed up to the first floor. Work on the courthouse was nearly complete when, on December 20, 1899, Lord invited

15714-403: The judges' quarters has a large antechamber attached to it, and there was also a consultation room. The third floor has one additional judge's quarters due to a lack of space on the second story. There are also janitors' rooms and storage rooms on the third floor. The basement, accessed directly from the street, had attendants' rooms, as well as an engine room and a public bathroom. The cellar

15876-465: The justices' houses, but the New York City Comptroller thought the site was "rather expensive". At the time, the site at Madison Avenue was occupied by the houses of Henry C. Miner and Edward H. Peaslee. A group of commissioners was appointed to assess the 25th Street site before it was acquired through eminent domain . The commissioners determined in April 1896 that Miner's land lot

16038-609: The late 1980s Times Square has emerged as a family tourist center, in effect being Disneyfied following the company's purchase and renovation of the New Amsterdam Theatre on 42nd Street in 1993. The New York Times , from which the Square gets its name, was published at offices at 239 West 43rd Street; the paper stopped printing papers there on June 15, 2007. At the southwest corner of Central Park , Broadway crosses Eighth Avenue (called Central Park West north of 59th Street) at West 59th Street and Columbus Circle ; on

16200-450: The late 19th century. Some portions of Broadway in Manhattan are interrupted for continuous vehicle traffic, including Times Square , Herald Square , and Union Square , and instead used as pedestrian-only plazas. South of Columbus Circle , the road is one-way going southbound. Broadway in Manhattan is known widely as the heart of the American commercial theatrical industry , and is used as

16362-411: The law, a crescent moon, a ram, and an owl; the center of the grouping depicts a seated woman flanked by two nude male figures. The Madison Avenue elevation to the west is narrower than that on 25th Street. The original facade there contains a colonnade of four fluted columns with Corinthian capitals, which may have been intended to make that facade look larger. There is a balustrade running between

16524-450: The lawyers' anterooms. There are bronze-and-glass lights in both rooms. Placed on the western half of the ground floor, near Madison Avenue, are the judges' chambers and other rooms, including clerks' and stenographers' offices. A private passage allows judges to access an elevator to the second floor without running into other occupants. On the second story are the library, judges' quarters, stenographers' room, and bathrooms. Each of

16686-553: The main hall and the courtroom. The interiors are decorated with elements such as marble walls, woodwork, and paneled and coffered ceilings; the courtroom also has stained-glass windows and a stained-glass ceiling dome. The remainder of the building contains various offices, judges' chambers, and other rooms. The Appellate Division Courthouse was proposed in the late 1890s to accommodate the Appellate Division's First Department, which had been housed in rented quarters since its founding. Construction took place between 1896 and 1899, with

16848-564: The main road through the island from Nieuw Amsterdam at the southern tip. The Dutch explorer and entrepreneur David Pietersz. de Vries gives the first mention of it in his journal for the year 1642 ("the Wickquasgeck Road over which the Indians passed daily"). The Dutch called it the Heeren Wegh or Heeren Straat , meaning "Gentlemen's Way" or "Gentlemen's Street" – echoing the name of

17010-530: The murals as merit-worthy but too "abstract and philosophical" for an American courthouse. The Municipal Art Society of Baltimore used photographs of the completed courthouse as an inspiration for decorations on Baltimore's then-new Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. Courthouse . One of the courthouse's original justices said the decorators and artists "seem to have conspired with the architect to woo our spirits back from these sombre robes and waft us back to youthful dreams of fairyland". In 1928, The New Yorker called

17172-546: The murals in the entrance hall, while Edwin Howland Blashfield , Henry Oliver Walker , Edward Simmons , Kenyon Cox , and Joseph Lauber were hired to paint murals in the courtroom. Alfred Collins had also been hired to design a courtroom mural but was replaced by George W. Maynard at the last minute. John La Farge was also hired to review the quality and consistency of the paintings and to adjudicate any artistic disputes that arose. The Baltimore Sun wrote that

17334-468: The new construction, its northbound lanes are no longer contiguous at this intersection. Drivers can either continue along Amsterdam Avenue to head uptown or turn left on West 73rd Street to resume traveling on Broadway. Several notable apartment buildings are in close proximity to this intersection, including The Ansonia , its ornate architecture dominating the cityscape here. After the Ansonia first opened as

17496-584: The next block is the Manhattan School of Music . Broadway then runs past the Manhattanville campus of Columbia University, and the main campus of CUNY–City College near 135th Street; the Gothic buildings of the original City College campus are out of sight, a block to the east. Also to the east are the brownstones of Hamilton Heights. Hamilton Place is a surviving section of Bloomingdale Road, and originally

17658-462: The northern border of Sleepy Hollow, New York . Canyon of Heroes is occasionally used to refer to the section of lower Broadway in the Financial District that is the location of the city's ticker-tape parades . The traditional route of the parade is northward from Bowling Green to City Hall Park . Most of the route is lined with tall office buildings along both sides, affording a view of

17820-637: The oldest building on the Baruch campus, sits on the former site of the Free Academy (now City College of New York ), which was founded in 1847 and was the first institution of free public higher education in the United States. Baruch's Newman Vertical Campus as well as the Zicklin School of Business , the largest collegiate school of business in the United States, are also located on 24th and 25th Streets between Third and Lexington Avenues. Cultural attractions in

17982-479: The other triangle is a lush tree-filled garden bordering Amsterdam Avenue from just above West 72nd Street to West 73rd Street. Named Verdi Square in 1921 for its monument to Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi , which was erected in 1909, this triangular sliver of public space was designated a Scenic Landmark by the Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1974, one of nine city parks that have received

18144-575: The outer two bays are topped by triangular pediments with sculptures, while the center three bays are topped by arched pediments. Maximilian N. Schwartzott designed four sculptures for the triangular pediments, which were intended to represent the four periods of the day: The triangular pediment to the left (west) is ornamented with representations of morning and night, while those to the right (east) are ornamented with representations of noon and evening. The spandrels above these openings are 5 feet (1.5 m) long. There are windows with balustrades on

18306-451: The parade for thousands of office workers who create the snowstorm-like jettison of shredded paper products that characterize the parade. While typical sports championship parades have been showered with some 50 tons of confetti and shredded paper, the V-J Day parade on August 14–15, 1945 – marking the end of World War II – was covered with 5,438 tons of paper, based on estimates provided by

18468-401: The piers. The north wall of the main hall contains a pair of staircases with openwork railings made of bronze; the stairs lead to the second and third floors. There is also an elevator on the north wall. The hall's ceiling is paneled and coffered , with a bronze-and-glass chandelier and foliate motifs. The gold-on-red color of the ceiling was intended to harmonize with the marble used on

18630-565: The portico on 25th Street to the courthouse's main hall; these doors are topped by tympana , which are also paneled. The main hall measures 50 by 38 feet (15 by 12 m) across and functions as a lobby and waiting area, with leather-and-wood seats designed by the Herter Brothers. The floors were originally made of mosaic tile. On the Siena-marble walls are fluted Corinthian piers also made of marble, with lighting sconces attached onto

18792-450: The portions of Broadway through Duffy Square , Times Square , and Herald Square have been closed entirely to automobile traffic, except for cross traffic on the Streets and Avenues, as part of a traffic and pedestrianization experiment, with the pavement reserved exclusively for walkers, cyclists, and those lounging in temporary seating placed by the city. The city decided that the experiment

18954-425: The postponement of the replacement courthouse, La Guardia proposed in June 1939 that the Appellate Division Courthouse be converted into a public health museum. The city's health commissioner John L. Rice requested $ 50,000 for the renovation that August. The city eventually announced plans in 1949 to sell the site of the replacement courthouse, and the site was acquired by a developer the next year. In late 1950,

19116-459: The rear of the building. This may have been motivated by a desire to place the courtroom so it faced away from Madison Square Park. The original design called for the appellate courtroom to measure 46 by 68 feet (14 by 21 m) across. The space is decorated with woodwork made by the George C. Flint Company, as well as furniture made by the Herter Brothers. The western wall of the courtroom contains

19278-436: The road gently undulates along the ridgetop. In Yonkers, Broadway passes the historic Philipse Manor house, which dates back to colonial times. It remains Broadway as it leaves Yonkers for Hastings-on-Hudson , where it splits into separate north and south routes for 0.6 miles (1.0 km). The trees become taller and the houses, many separated from the road by stone fences, become larger. Another National Historic Landmark,

19440-464: The same height and proportion, are robed, and appear with various attributes associated with the law, such as book, scroll, tablet, sword , charter , or scepter . Originally, there were ten freestanding sculptures (eight facing 25th Street and two facing Madison Avenue). On Madison Avenue, the northern figure is Philip Martiny 's sculpture of the Chinese philosopher Confucius , while the southern figure

19602-400: The sculptures was planned to cost even more. Instead, Zurmuhlen asked local museums if they wanted the sculptures. The Public Works Department received 25 bids for the sculptures from places such as St. Louis and the government of Indonesia . That March, Zurmuhlen announced that the city would spend $ 8,500 to restore the sculptures. Sources disagree on why Zurmuhlen changed his plans for

19764-560: The sculptures were all removed and transported to Newark, New Jersey , for restoration. All of the statues were restored and reinstalled, except for Mohammed , which ended up in a field in New Jersey. The existing building's offices were completed in June 1955. Workers lowered the ceilings, removed fireplaces and plasterwork, and replaced wood within the original building's offices. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) hosted hearings in April 1966 to determine whether

19926-478: The sculptures; The New York Times cited a survey expressing interest in the sculptures and extensive public opposition to their removal, while the New York Herald Tribune said Zurmuhlen changed his mind after the department conducted a survey of its own. The governments of three majority-Muslim nations, namely Indonesia, Pakistan , and Egypt , asked the United States Department of State to compel

20088-409: The second story, above the doorways. On either side of the central portico are four bays of windows with molded frames. Within these bays, the first-story windows have triangular or arched pediments, while the second-story windows are almost square. On the entirety of the 25th Street elevation, the second floor is topped by an entablature and a cornice with modillions and dentils . The third floor

20250-431: The second time in five years, owing to poor connections between pedestrian plazas and decreased vehicular traffic. With the new redesign, the bike lane is now on the right side of the street; it was formerly on the left side adjacent to the pedestrian plazas, causing conflicts between pedestrian and bicycle traffic. In spring 2017, as part of a capital reconstruction of Worth Square, Broadway between 24th and 25th Streets

20412-488: The section of Broadway between 32nd and 21st Streets would be redesigned as part of a project called Broadway Vision. The section between 32nd and 25th Streets would receive a bidirectional bike lane and would be converted to a shared street. Cars would be banned permanently from 27th to 25th Street. That work was finished the same July. In March 2024, the DOT announced plans to convert the section between 17th and 21st Streets into

20574-537: The side streets. Notable buildings in the district include the Flatiron Building , one of the oldest of the original New York skyscrapers. To the east, at 1 Madison Avenue, is the Met Life Tower , built in 1909 and at 700 feet (210 m) was the tallest building in the world until 1913, when the Woolworth Building was completed. It is now occupied by Credit Suisse since MetLife moved their headquarters to

20736-473: The site of the Sixth Avenue streetcar depot between 43rd and 44th streets. The New York City Bar Association was developing its own building on part of the depot site, and the remainder of the lot would have accommodated the court's 50,000-volume library easily. The justices also considered a site at the intersection of Madison Avenue and 25th Street. The latter site was within a 30-minute walk of four of

20898-442: The site of the courthouse was being excavated, Lord discovered that stone from the site was strong enough to be reused for the courthouse's foundation walls. As a result, he decided not to order brick for the foundations, thereby saving thousands of dollars. On the suggestion of the then-new National Society of Mural Painters , Lord had hired several artists to paint murals in the building by early 1898. The city government authorized

21060-475: The site of the former New York Coliseum convention center is the new shopping center at the foot of the Time Warner Center , headquarters of Time Warner . From Columbus Circle northward, Broadway becomes a wide boulevard to 169th Street; it retains landscaped center islands that separate northbound from southbound traffic. The medians are a vestige of the central mall of "The Boulevard" that had become

21222-575: The southern portion of Tarrytown, Broadway passes by historic Lyndhurst mansion , a massive mansion built along the Hudson River built in the early 1800s. North of here, at the Kraft Foods technical center, the Tappan Zee Bridge becomes visible. After crossing under the Thruway and I-87 again, here concurrent with I-287 , and then intersecting with the four-lane NY 119 , where 119 splits off to

21384-493: The spectators' seats on either side from the court officials' area in the middle. The walls of the courtroom have Siena marble wainscoting interspersed with pilasters of the same material, which in turn are topped by Corinthian capitals. The wainscoting measures 10 feet 9 inches (3.28 m) tall. D. Maitland Armstrong designed several stained-glass windows on the north and south walls; there are marble seating areas beneath each set of stained-glass windows. Above

21546-795: The spine of the Upper West Side , and many of these contain public seating. Broadway intersects with Columbus Avenue (known as Ninth Avenue south of West 59th Street ) at West 65th and 66th Streets where the Juilliard School and Lincoln Center , both well-known performing arts landmarks, as well as the Manhattan New York Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are located. Between West 70th and 73rd Streets, Broadway intersects with Amsterdam Avenue (known as 10th Avenue south of West 59th Street). The wide intersection of

21708-400: The stained-glass windows on the south wall is a Latin inscription that translates to "Civil Law should be neither influenced by good nature, nor broken down by power, nor debased by money." At the top of each wall, a frieze runs across the entire room, except on a portion of the eastern wall (directly opposite the bench); this frieze measures 4 feet 3 inches (1.30 m) tall. On

21870-528: The statuary without a design competition. This provoked complaints from some sculptors, including Fernando Miranda y Casellas , who called it an "insulting presumption that only the elect should have a chance to compete". After 16 sculptors had been hired for the project, Lord appointed himself as the chairman of a four-man committee that oversaw the design of the statues. The courthouse's architectural drawings were finally approved in December 1897, at which point

22032-403: The time, only the sculptures on Madison Avenue had been completed. The city's Sinking Fund Commission agreed to pay Wills $ 1,234 per month until May 1900, when the lighting and the heating plant were supposed to be done. All of the sculptures had been installed by mid-1900, except for the Force and Wisdom statues at the courthouse's main entrance. The courthouse had cost $ 633,768, less than

22194-619: The tract that housed the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum from 1808 until it moved to Westchester County in 1894. Still in Morningside Heights, Broadway passes the park-like campus of Barnard College . Next, the Gothic quadrangle of Union Theological Seminary , and the brick buildings of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America with their landscaped interior courtyards, face one another across Broadway. On

22356-410: The triptych. Both of the seals are supported by figures. The north and south walls are decorated with Judicial Virtues by Joseph Lauber, which consists of eight mural panels depicting virtues on either wall; the leftmost and rightmost panels on either wall depict "four cardinal virtues". Lauber's panels are interspersed with Armstrong's stained-glass windows on these walls. On the west wall above

22518-453: The two thoroughfares has historically been the site of numerous traffic accidents and pedestrian casualties, partly due to the long crosswalks. Two small triangular plots of land were created at points where Broadway slices through Amsterdam Avenue. One is a tiny fenced-in patch of shrubbery and plants at West 70th Street called Sherman Square (although it and the surrounding intersection have also been known collectively as Sherman Square), and

22680-599: The visitors' center for Kykuit , the National Historic Landmark that was (and partially still is) the Rockefeller family 's estate . Broadway then passes the historic Sleepy Hollow Cemetery , which includes the resting place of Washington Irving and the setting for " The Legend of Sleepy Hollow ". Broadway expands to four lanes at the trumpet intersection with NY 117 , where it finally ends and U.S. 9 becomes Albany Post Road (and Highland Avenue) at

22842-405: The walls. During the 20th century, the lobby had busts of lawyers Charles O'Conor and Bernard Botein , but O'Conor's bust was removed in 1982. Above the marble walls are friezes with murals, which wrap around the room. The north wall contains Mowbray's mural Transmission of the Law , which consists of eight winged figures representing different eras of the history of law, all connected by

23004-412: The west wall, as well as the western part of the south wall, and depicts personifications of tenets related to justice. Reid's and Metcalf's murals are designed in a more modern style and did not rely as much on classical motifs, although the colors used in all three murals harmonized with each other. As designed, the courtroom was placed on the eastern half of the first floor, extending northward to

23166-455: Was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The New York City government spent $ 642,000 during the early 1980s to renovate the sculptures and ceiling dome. A bust of 19th-century lawyer Charles O'Conor was moved from the courthouse's lobby to its basement in 1982 after the First Department's chief justice, Francis T. Murphy, learned that O'Conor had actively opposed freeing black slaves in New York state. Murphy also proposed

23328-699: Was also the birthplace of Silicon Alley , a metonym for New York's high technology sector, which has since spread beyond the area. The Flatiron District is part of Manhattan Community District 5 . Residents are represented by the Flatiron Alliance neighborhood association and nearby businesses by the Flatiron NoMad Partnership business improvement district , though the two have different (partially overlapping) boundaries. The designation "Flatiron District" dates from around 1985, and came about because of its increasingly residential character, and

23490-472: Was also used to conduct examinations of the "character and fitness" of prospective lawyers. At the 25th anniversary of the First Department in 1921, the department had heard 30,000 appeals, most in the courthouse. By 1936, there were plans to relocate the Appellate Division's First Department. Mayor Fiorello La Guardia proposed converting the Appellate Division Courthouse into a municipal art center that presented theatrical performances. The state acquired

23652-489: Was built with an 18-foot-high (5.5 m) ceiling, the second story has a 14-foot (4.3 m) ceiling, and the third story has an 11-foot (3.4 m) ceiling. In addition, there are a 10-foot-tall (3.0 m) basement and a sub-cellar. Siena marble, onyx , stained glass , and murals are used throughout the courthouse. The interior has artwork from ten muralists. Henry Siddons Mowbray , Robert Reid , Willard Leroy Metcalf , and Charles Yardley Turner were selected for

23814-527: Was called "Western Boulevard" or "The Boulevard". An 1897 official map of the city shows a segment of what is now Broadway as "Kingsbridge Road" in the vicinity of Washington Heights . On February 14, 1899, the name "Broadway" was extended to the entire Broadway / Bloomingdale / Boulevard / Kingsbridge complex. In the 20th century, a 30-block stretch of Broadway, extending mainly between Times Square at 42nd Street and Sherman Square at 72nd Street , formed part of Manhattan 's "Automobile Row". Before

23976-578: Was closed to vehicular traffic at that time. During 2020, the section from 31st to 25th Street was converted to a temporary pedestrian-only street called NoMad Piazza as part of the New York City Department of Transportation 's Open Streets program. Following the success of the pedestrian-only street, the Flatiron/23rd Street Partnership BID closed the section between 25th and 27th Streets to vehicular traffic again during 2021 and 2022. City officials announced in March 2023 that

24138-488: Was completed in 1900 by architect James Brown Lord , who used a third of the construction budget to decorate the building with statues and murals. Completed in 2010, One Madison Park , a 50-story luxury condominium tower, sits at 23 East 22nd Street, at the foot of Madison Avenue and across from Madison Square Park. It is nearly as tall as the Met Life Tower (617.5 feet (188.2 m), compared to 700 feet (210 m) for

24300-402: Was conceived in 1986 by Francis T. Murphy , chief justice of the First Department, who believed that "a symbol of injustice is just as important" to the court as the "symbols of justice" on the original courthouse. Sixty-two artists participated in a design competition for the memorial, with Feigenbaum being selected in 1988. It was dedicated on May 22, 1990. The sculpture consists of a map of

24462-403: Was converted to a shared street , where through vehicles are banned and delivery vehicles are restricted to 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h). Delivery vehicles go northbound from Fifth Avenue to 25th Street for that one block, reversing the direction of traffic and preventing vehicles from going south on Broadway south of 25th Street. The capital project expands on a 2008 initiative where part of

24624-411: Was hired to design a three-story marble courthouse at a cost of $ 650,000, with various allegorical statues and porticoes on Madison Avenue and 25th Street. Although the justices claimed that they had selected Lord simply because he was the most qualified candidate, Lord's father was a lawyer with the firm of Lord Day & Lord , and his grandfather Daniel Lord had founded that firm. In any case, Lord

24786-524: Was intended to relate to the original courthouse. There are plain rectangular windows on each story of the annex except the first story, where the windows are topped with lintels and cornices . In addition, there is a belt course and cornice above the annex's sixth floor. As designed in 1896, the original courthouse's roof is 56 feet (17 m) above ground level. On the roof, there are nine freestanding sculptures of figures, depicting historical, religious, and legendary lawgivers. These statues are of

24948-411: Was left vacant. The center of the facade contains a sculptural group with three sculptures by Daniel Chester French. A female sculpture of Justice is at the center and is 12 feet (3.7 m) high, while male sculptures of Power and Study stand on either side. The far northern end of the annex's Madison Avenue facade contains a Holocaust Memorial by Harriet Feigenbaum . The memorial

25110-472: Was made on November 10, 1963, when Broadway became one-way southbound from Herald Square to Madison Square ( 23rd Street ) and Union Square ( 14th Street ) to Canal Street, and two routes – Sixth Avenue south of Herald Square and Centre Street , Lafayette Street , and Fourth Avenue south of Union Square – became one-way northbound. Finally, at the same time as Madison Avenue became one-way northbound and Fifth Avenue became one-way southbound, Broadway

25272-419: Was made one-way southbound between Madison Square (where Fifth Avenue crosses) and Union Square on January 14, 1966, completing its conversion south of Columbus Circle. In 2001, a one-block section of Broadway between 72nd Street and 73rd Street at Verdi Square was reconfigured. Its easternmost lanes, which formerly hosted northbound traffic, were turned into a public park when a new subway entrance for

25434-414: Was nearly finished, The New York Times likened the building to a "handsome modern courthouse" because it had so many murals. The New York World said that the courthouse "gave New York an opportunity to study and admire an example of that new architecture which should fix the type and standard of our public buildings hereafter". The World article likened the courthouse to non-municipal buildings such as

25596-421: Was originally decorated with 21 sculptures from 16 separate artists; one of the sculptures was removed in 1955. The main entrance is through a double-height colonnade on 25th Street with a decorative pediment ; there is also a smaller colonnade on Madison Avenue. The far northern end of the annex's facade contains a Holocaust Memorial by Harriet Feigenbaum . Inside the courthouse, ten artists created murals for

25758-415: Was paid $ 3,500 to draw up the initial plans, with the stipulation that he would be retained as supervising architect if his plans were approved. The building plans were jointly approved in June 1896 by the city sinking fund commissioners and the Appellate Division justices. Lord organized a committee, which included Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Daniel Chester French, to invite select sculptors to design

25920-437: Was removed in 1955. The sculptures were treated as a key part of the design, rather than "mere adornment", and they accounted for one-fourth of the total construction cost. While many contemporary buildings in New York City contained niches for statues that were never installed, the statues on the Appellate Division Courthouse were a focal point of the building upon its completion in 1899. The New York Times wrote in 1935 that

26082-523: Was successful, and decided to make the change permanent in February 2010. Though the anticipated benefits to traffic flow were not as large as hoped, pedestrian injuries dropped dramatically and foot traffic increased in the designated areas; the project was popular with both residents and businesses. The current portions converted into pedestrian plazas are between West 47th and 42nd Streets within Times and Duffy Squares, and between West 35th and 33rd Streets in

26244-467: Was worth $ 283,000 and that Peaslee's lot was worth $ 87,500. The acquisition was approved in spite of the New York City Comptroller 's concerns that the valuation of approximately $ 370,000 was evidence of cronyism . There was a delay in issuing construction contracts due to difficulties in acquiring the site. The justices next received permission from the state government to hire an architect without an architectural design competition . James Brown Lord

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