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69-532: In the year 2000, the PDSP mobilized with civil society organizations and groups in support of the impeachment, which led to eventual removal of former President Joseph Estrada from office. Established on May 1, 1973, the PDSP played a leading role in the difficult task of establishing and expanding a progressive and democratic alternative to the Marcos dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism . It made an important contribution to

138-446: A Bureau of Internal Revenue stay order. On October 22, 2007, Acting Justice Secretary Agnes Devanadera stated that Estrada was seeking a "full, free, and unconditional pardon" from President Arroyo. Estrada's lawyer Jose Flaminiano wrote Arroyo: "The time has come to end President Estrada's fight for justice and vindication before the courts. Today [Monday], we filed a withdrawal of his Motion for Reconsideration . " Estrada stressed

207-444: A state of rebellion . Many protesters were injured in the ensuing riots and arrested, with four casualties, while many journalists were also injured due in part to the protesters' general hostility to the media. The government called out the military and was able to quell the riots with tear gases and warning shots under a "maximum tolerance" policy. The riots came to be generally known as EDSA III , though others have argued against

276-535: A bank account known as "Jose Velarde", as well as ₱180 million from the government price subsidy for the tobacco farmers' marketing cooperative after Estrada ordered a full-blown investigation into Chavit Singson's alleged misuse of millions of pesos in public funds. Singson's allegation caused controversy across the nation, which culminated in the House of Representatives' filing of an impeachment case against Estrada on November 13, 2000. House Speaker Manny Villar fast-tracked

345-460: A career as a drama actor, usually playing the role of the villain/antagonist. He adopted the stage name "Joseph Estrada", as his mother objected to his chosen career and his decision to quit schooling multiple times. He also acquired the nickname "Erap" (a play on the Tagalog slang "pare", meaning 'buddy') from his friend, fellow actor Fernando Poe Jr . Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing

414-520: A ceasefire would cause more terrorist attacks. For the next three months of the war, Camp Abubakar, headquarters of the MILF, fell along with other 13 major camps and 43 minor camps, and then all of which became under controlled by the government. The MILF leader Hashim Salamat fled to Malaysia . The MILF later declared a jihad on the government. On July 10 of the same year, the Estrada went to Mindanao and raised

483-415: A charge of plunder for the embezzlement of the $ 80 million from the government but was later granted a pardon by the president and his former deputy, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo . He ran for president again in the 2010 presidential election but was defeated by Senator Benigno Aquino III by a wide margin. He later served as the 22nd Mayor of Manila for two terms, from 2013 to 2019. Joseph Estrada

552-549: A comment within 10 days, on the motion of the Ombudsman's special prosecutor to re-open the trial of his perjury case regarding his 1999 statement of assets, liabilities, and net worth (SALN). The court was also to resolve Banco de Oro 's (formerly Equitable PCI Bank) plea that it could not determine "without hazard to itself" whom to turn over to the P1.1 billion Jose Velarde assets due to claims by Wellex Group / William Gatchalian and

621-669: A constructive national spirit of reconciliation and solidarity. May the Almighty bless our country and beloved people. Mabuhay ! The Supreme Court on March 2, 2001, upheld the constitutionality of Arroyo succeeding Estrada in a unanimous 13–0 decision in Estrada vs. Desierto. After being ousted from the presidency, Estrada returned to his family home in San Juan. On April 25, 2001, the Sandiganbayan charged him and his son Jinggoy with plunder and had them arrested. His supporters marched to

690-699: A million people to Rizal Park against the charter change moves by Ramos and his supporters . In early 1993, Estrada established Club 419 (later the International Business Club) in Cafe Ysabel within San Juan as a private men's club for him and his friends, including Poe. On June 30, 1998, Estrada took his oath of office at the historic Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan. He also gave his inaugural address at

759-572: A progressive economic center. High on the list of priorities was the plight of MILF guerrillas who were tired of fighting and had no camps left to which to report. On October 5, 2000, the first massive surrender of 669 LC-MILF mujahideen led by the renegade vice mayor of Marugong, Lanao del Sur Malupandi Cosandi Sarip and seven other battalion commanders, surrendered to Estrada at the 4th ID headquarters in Camp Edilberto Evangelista, Bgy. Patag, Cagayan de Oro City. They were followed shortly by

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828-465: A railroaded impeachment trial in the Senate courtesy of house speaker Manuel Villar , and in 2001 Estrada was ousted by a coup after the trial was aborted. In his inaugural address, Estrada said: One hundred years after Kawit, fifty years after independence, twelve years after EDSA, and seven years after the rejection of foreign bases, it is now the turn of the masses to experience liberation. We stand in

897-455: A second batch of 855 surrenderees led by Lost command MILF Commander Sayben Ampaso on December 29, 2000. By the end of Estrada's administration, debt supposedly reached ₱ 2.1 trillion in 1999. Domestic debt supposedly amounted to ₱ 986.7 billion while foreign debt stood at US$ 52.2 billion. The fiscal deficit had reportedly doubled to more than ₱ 100 billion from a low of ₱ 49 billion in 1998. Despite such setbacks,

966-500: Is for this reason that I now leave Malacañang Palace, the seat of the presidency of this country, for the sake of peace and to begin the healing process of our nation. I leave the Palace of our people with gratitude for the opportunities given to me for service to our people. I will not shirk from any future challenges that may come ahead in the same service of our country. I call on all my supporters and followers to join me in to promotion of

1035-412: The 2022 presidential election . Days later, Moreno's opponent Manny Pacquiao chose former mayor Lito Atienza as his running mate for vice president. Moreno, Atienza, and Pacquiao both lost their bids in 2022, respectively. The longest-serving mayor of Manila is Ramon Bagatsing , who continuously served as the city's chief executive from 1971 until 1986. His tenure could have been longer if his term

1104-480: The EDSA Shrine to stage a protest demanding Estrada's release and his reinstatement as president, among whom were his wife Loi Ejercito and political allies such as Juan Ponce Enrile , Panfilo Lacson , Gringo Honasan and Miriam Defensor Santiago . In the early morning of May 1, supporters of Estrada marched straight to the gates of Malacañang Palace , where violence erupted and forcing President Arroyo to declare

1173-538: The Philippine National Police . The Party has strongly opposed the electoral participation of party list groups Bayan Muna, Anakpawis, and Gabriela. The PDSP has issued statements that the armed struggle distorts the democratic process by extorting permit-to-campaign fees from candidates and bans campaigns of certain candidates in their areas of control. On September 30, 2021, PDSP Chairperson Norberto Gonzales expressed his willingness to run for President in

1242-695: The Quirino Grandstand in Luneta . He assumed office amid the Asian Financial Crisis and with agricultural problems due to poor weather conditions, thereby slowing the economic growth to −0.6% in 1998 from 5.2% in 1997. The economy recovered by 3.4% in 1999 and 4% in 2000. In 2000 he declared an "all-out-war" against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and captured its headquarters and other camps. Allegations of corruption spawned

1311-948: The "Magnificent 12" in media coverage) voted to terminate the RP-US Military Bases Agreement in 1991, leading to the withdrawal of American servicemen from the Clark Air Base in Pampanga and the Subic Naval Base in Zambales. In 1989, the Free Press cited him as one of the Three Outstanding Senators of the Year. He was conferred the degree of Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa by the University of Pangasinan in 1990, and by

1380-572: The "Pearl of the Orient", a moniker it earned before the outbreak of the war. After Mayor Lacson's term in the 1950s, the city was led by Mayor Antonio Villegas during most of the 1960s, and Mayor Ramon Bagatsing for nearly the entire decade of the 1970s until the 1986 People Power Revolution that overthrew President Marcos. Mayors Lacson, Villegas, and Bagatsing are often collectively considered as "the Big Three of Manila" for their rather long tenures as

1449-562: The "delicate condition" of his mother in asking for pardon. On October 25, 2007, President Arroyo granted executive clemency to Estrada based on the recommendation by the Department of Justice (DoJ). Acting Executive Secretary and Press Secretary Ignacio R. Bunye quoted the signed Order: "In view hereof in pursuant of the authority conferred upon me by the Constitution, I hereby grant Executive clemency to Joseph Ejercito Estrada, convicted by

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1518-647: The Bicol University in April 1997. In 1992, Estrada initially ran for president under the Partido ng Masang Pilipino (PMP), with Vicente Rivera Jr. as his running mate and fellow actor Fernando Poe Jr. as his campaign manager. The Philippine film industry called for a 60-day "moratorium" on all film projects by March for industry figures to help Estrada's presidential campaign. However, Estrada reluctantly withdrew his bid on March 30 due to financial issues and instead became

1587-461: The GDP by 1999 posted a 3.2 percent growth rate, up from a low of −0.5 percent in 1998. Moreover, domestic investments started to increase from 18.8% of GDP in 1999 to 21.2% of GDP in 2000. In October 2000, Ilocos Sur governor Luis "Chavit" Singson , a close friend of Estrada, alleged that he had personally given Estrada ₱400 million as the payoff from jueteng , a grassroots-based numbers game, hidden in

1656-623: The Nacionalistas and became a critic of the Macapagal administration. Lacson would've been likely the Nacionalista's candidate for the presidency in 1965, had not death intervened in 1962. In 1998 , the sitting mayor of Manila, Alfredo Lim , did run as the Liberal Party's candidate for the presidency, but was beaten by Joseph Estrada , finishing fifth in a field of ten candidates, garnering 9% of

1725-532: The Philippine Commonwealth Army including local recognized guerrillas against the Japanese Imperial forces, the earlier setup was used once again. With the amendment of the city's charter in 1951, the position became an elective post. The first mayoral election was in 1951, and Manila's congressman from the 2nd district Arsenio Lacson defeated incumbent Manuel de la Fuente. A few years after

1794-561: The Philippine flag symbolizing victory. After the war Estrada said, "... will speed up government efforts to bring genuine and lasting peace and development in Mindanao". In the middle of July Estrada ordered the military to arrest top MILF leaders. In his state of the nation address (SONA), Estrada highlighted his vision for Mindanao: In addition to this Estrada said his administration can move with more speed in transforming Mindanao into

1863-567: The Philippines, and, despite the agreements, a sequence of terrorist attacks on the Philippine military and civilians still continued. These included the kidnapping of a foreign priest, namely Father Luciano Benedetti; the destruction by arson of Talayan, Maguindanao's municipal hall; the takeover of the Kauswagan Municipal Hall; the bombing of the Lady of Mediatrix boat at Ozamiz City ; and

1932-558: The Quirino Grandstand where he promised to bring peace and harmony to the people and pledged to fight corruption and continue the economic reforms of the previous Ramos administration. The elected vice-president was Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo from the LAKAS-NUCD. "Erap Para sa Mahirap" became the campaign slogan of the presidency. He drove his election campaign vehicle JEEP, which meant Justice, Economy, Environment, and Peace. Estrada

2001-511: The Sandiganbayan gave its decision, finding Estrada not guilty in his perjury case but guilty of plunder "beyond reasonable doubt". He was sentenced to reclusión perpetua . He was thus the first Philippine president to be convicted of plunder. On September 26, 2007, Estrada appealed by filing a 63-page motion for reconsideration of the Sandiganbayan judgment penned by Teresita de Castro (submitting five legal grounds). Estrada alleged that

2070-405: The Sandiganbayan of plunder and imposed a penalty of reclusión perpetua. He is hereby restored to his civil and political rights . " Bunye noted that Estrada committed in his application not to seek public office, and he would be free from his Tanay resthouse on October 26, at noon. On October 26, 2007, after almost seven years of detention, Estrada was released after the Sandiganbayan promulgated

2139-517: The World's All-Time Most Corrupt Leaders in the World. Estrada was listed tenth and was said to have amassed between $ 78 million to $ 80 million. On the evening of January 16, 2001, the impeachment court voted not to open an envelope that allegedly contained incriminating evidence against Estrada as it was not part of the impeachment complaint. The final vote was 11–10 to keep the envelope closed. The prosecution panel (of congressmen and lawyers) walked out of

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2208-543: The age of 87, he is currently the oldest living former Philippine president. Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over a hundred films in an acting career spanning some three decades. He also worked as a model, beginning as a fashion and ramp model at the age of 13. He used his popularity as an actor to make gains in politics, serving as the 14th Mayor of San Juan from 1969 to 1986, as Senator from 1987 to 1992, then as Vice President under President Fidel V. Ramos from 1992 to 1998. Estrada

2277-639: The city hall's chief executive (continuously for over three decades, from 1952 to 1986), but more importantly, for their indelible contribution to the development and progress of the city and their lasting legacy in uplifting the quality of life and welfare of the people of Manila. With the ouster of Marcos following the People Power Revolution, President Corazon Aquino vacated all local executive officials and appointed officers in charge (OICs) in their place; she appointed party-mate Mel Lopez as OIC of Manila. Local elections were held in 1988 , and Lopez

2346-479: The court erred " when it convicted him by acquitting his alleged co-conspirators. " On October 5, 2007, the Sandiganbayan's Special Division ruled to set October 19 as an oral argument (instead of a defense reply) on Estrada's motion for reconsideration. Estrada asked for the court's permission to attend the hearing, since it ordered the prosecution to file a comment before October 11. The Sandiganbayan 's special division, on June 27, 2008, ordered Estrada to file

2415-431: The declaration of martial law by President Ferdinand Marcos , Manila and nearby cities like Quezon City , Caloocan , and Pasay , were overshadowed by the office of the governor of the newly created Metro Manila , whom Marcos appointed his wife, Imelda Marcos , to the position. With Arsenio Lacson becoming the first elected mayor, the city of Manila underwent The Golden Age , was revitalized, and once again became

2484-504: The elections (out of 24 winners). He was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Public Works. He was Vice-Chairman of the Committees on Health, Natural Resources and Ecology, and Urban Planning. In the Senate, Estrada sponsored bills on irrigation projects and the protection and propagation of the carabao , the beast of burden in the rural areas. Estrada and eleven other senators (dubbed

2553-647: The eruption of the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War , the position reverted to an appointive head. With the advent of World War II , President Manuel L. Quezon appointed Jorge B. Vargas as mayor of the City of Greater Manila (forerunner of Metro Manila ) in 1941. With the liberation of Manila in 1945 by combined Filipino and American soldiers under the United States Army and

2622-660: The establishment of the first Municipal High School, the Agora complex, a modern slaughterhouse, a sprawling government center with a post office, a mini-park, and the paving of 98 percent of the town's roads and alleys. As mayor, he paid particular attention to the elementary education of children by improving and renovating school buildings, constructing additional school structures, health centers, barangay halls, and playgrounds in all barangays, and providing artesian wells to areas with low water supply. He relocated some 1,800 squatter families out of San Juan to Taytay, Rizal , at no cost. He

2691-486: The following press release: At twelve o'clock noon today, Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo took her oath as President of the Republic of the Philippines. While along with many other legal minds of our country, I have strong and serious doubts about the legality and constitutionality of her proclamation as President, I do not wish to be a factor that will prevent the restoration of unity and order in our civil society. It

2760-646: The formation of the Bishops Ulama Conference (BUC) with Romeo Intengan , S.J. and Dr. Mahid M. Mutilan. PDSP Secretary-General, Danilo R. Yang, a human rights defender and Provincial Board Member in Laguna, was assassinated by alleged members of the Communist Party of the Philippines – New People's Army (CPP-NPA) in June 2009. In 2013 and 2014 the gunmen responsible for the assassination of Mr. Yang were arrested by

2829-450: The impeachment complaint. The impeachment suit was brought to the Senate and an impeachment court was formed, with Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. as presiding officer. Estrada pleaded "not guilty". This was the first time the Filipino public witnessed, through radio and television, an elected president stand in trial and face possible impeachment with full media coverage. During the trial,

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2898-508: The impeachment court in protest of this vote. The 11 senators who voted not to open the envelope are known as the "Craven Eleven." That night, anti-Estrada protesters gathered in front of the EDSA Shrine at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue , not too far away from the site of the 1986 People Power Revolution that overthrew President Ferdinand Marcos. On January 19, 2001, Armed Forces of the Philippines Chief of Staff Angelo Reyes , seeing

2967-471: The incoming 2022 presidential and local elections , reaffirming their views of elections as vehicles for change. As a social democratic party, the PDSP participates in the political processes of the state, insisting on elections as a legitimate and viable means of achieving socialism . It opposes taking the extralegal route preferred and deemed necessary by Marxist–Leninist–Maoist national democrats . According to their party platform , they affirm

3036-433: The independent and mainstream sectors of the industry since its inception in 1979. He also founded, together with Guillermo de Vega , the first Metro Manila Film Festival in 1975. Estrada entered politics in 1967, running for mayor of San Juan , failing and only succeeding in 1969 after winning an electoral protest against Braulio Sto. Domingo. His administration achieved many infrastructure developments. These included

3105-623: The lead role in over a hundred films in an acting career spanning some three decades. In 1974, Estrada founded the Movie Workers Welfare Foundation (Mowelfund), which helps filmmakers through medical reimbursements, hospitalization, surgery and death benefits, livelihood, alternative income opportunities, and housing. Its educational arm, the Mowelfund Film Institute, has produced some of the most skilled and respected producers, filmmakers, writers, and performers in both

3174-707: The mass campaigns which eventually led to the People Power revolution in 1986. The PDSP then helped much to consolidate the newly restored democracy, especially through education and mobilization among the small farmers and fisherfolk, workers, urban poor, women, youth, Bangsamoro, and the indigenous peoples of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The PDSP, mainly through its members in people's organizations and non-government organizations, has helped much to draft laws and government regulations, especially in relation to issues and concerns of farmers, fishermen, workers, urban poor, women, and other sectors of Philippine society. The Party

3243-402: The mayor is elected via popular vote , and may not be elected for a fourth consecutive term (although the former mayor may return to office after an interval of one term). In case of death, resignation or incapacity, the vice mayor becomes the mayor. Prior to the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi , Manila was a chiefdom headed by datus . From the defeat of Rajah Sulayman 's forces in 1575 to

3312-493: The nickname Erap , is a Filipino politician and former actor, who served as the 13th President of the Philippines from 1998 until his removal in 2001 , the 9th Vice President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998, and the 22nd Mayor of Manila , the country's capital from 2013 to 2019, also served as the 14th Mayor of San Juan from 1969 to 1986. In 2001, he became the first chief executive in Asia to be formally impeached. At

3381-596: The passage of the Maura Law in 1895, the chief executive of the city was appointed by the Spanish government to a person of Spanish descent. The highest position a Filipino was able to hold was the cabeza de barangay . With the passage of the Maura Law, the office of capitan municipal was established, with the people electing their own town heads, although the Spanish retained considerable influence and could veto decisions. With

3450-465: The people for their support and gave them relief goods such as food, medicines and clothing. Mayor of Manila The City Mayor of Manila ( Filipino : Punong Lungsod ng Maynila , sometimes referred to as, Alkalde ng Maynila ) is the head of the executive branch of Manila 's city government. The mayor holds office at Manila City Hall . Like all local government heads in the Philippines ,

3519-513: The political upheaval throughout the country, decided to "withdraw his support" of Estrada and pay his allegiance to the vice president, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. The following day, the Supreme Court declared the presidency vacant even without Estrada's resignation. At noon, Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was sworn in by Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. as president of the Philippines. Before Estrada departed from Malacañang , he issued

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3588-399: The prosecution presented witnesses and alleged pieces of evidence to the impeachment court regarding Estrada's alleged involvement in jueteng. The existence of secret bank accounts which he allegedly used for receiving payoffs was also brought to the fore. In the 2004 Global Transparency Report by Transparency International , Estrada, together with Ferdinand Marcos , made it into the list of

3657-494: The prosecution walked out of the impeachment court when the senator-judges voted not to open an envelope that allegedly contained incriminating evidence against him. After his arrest on April 25, 2001, on charges of plunder, his supporters rallied and marched to Malacañang Palace and attempted to storm the premises in EDSA III . In 2007, Estrada was sentenced by a special division of the Sandiganbayan to reclusión perpetua under

3726-454: The resolution. When Estrada was released from detention, he gave a message to the Filipino people that he could once again help the lives of the people, especially the poor. He also stated that he made errors as a public servant but assured them that, notwithstanding his conviction for it, corruption was not one of them. After the message was released, he had a nationwide tour called "Lakbay Pasasalamat" (Thank you tour) during which he thanked

3795-478: The running mate of Eduardo Cojuangco Jr. under the Nationalist People's Coalition ; Estrada expressed that the decision was "very painful, if not traumatic". Though Cojuangco lost to former National Defense Secretary Fidel V. Ramos for the presidency, Estrada won the vice-presidency garnering more votes than his closest opponent Marcelo Fernan , Ramon Mitra Jr. 's running mate. As vice president, Estrada

3864-603: The shadow of those who fought to make us free – free from foreign domination, free from domestic tyranny, free from superpower dictation, free from economic backwardness. During the Ramos administration a cessation of hostilities agreement was signed between the Philippine government and the MILF in July 1997. This was continued by a series of peace talks and negotiations in Estrada administration. The MILF, an Islamic group based in formed in 1977, seeks to be an independent Islamic state from

3933-542: The takeover of the Narciso Ramos Highway. By doing so, they inflicted severe damage on the country's image abroad, and scared much-needed investments away. For this reason, on March 21, 2000, Estrada declared an "all-out war" against the MILF. During the war the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) asked Estrada to negotiate a ceasefire with the MILF, but Estrada opposed the idea arguing that

4002-588: The use of the name. Estrada was initially detained at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City and then transferred to a military facility in Tanay, Rizal , but he was later transferred to a nearby vacation home, virtually under house arrest. Under Philippine law at the time, plunder had the maximum penalty of death; the death penalty was eventually repealed by 2006. On September 12, 2007,

4071-520: The vision for a first world Philippines and had released a document titled Building a New Philippines . Good politics and governance can provide the foundation for an upright, disciplined and prosperous country. The document is summarised into three major points: As such, the party holds thirteen principles: Party officials: Joseph Estrada Joseph Ejercito Estrada KGCR ( Tagalog: [ʔɛˌhɛːɾ.sɪˈto ʔɛsˈtɾaː.dɐ] ; born Jose Marcelo Ejercito ; April 19, 1937), also known by

4140-537: The vote; Estrada later nominated him as Secretary of the Interior and Local Government . Lim later ran and won a Senate seat in 2004 , but forfeited it three years when he ran and won as mayor again. Estrada, who was previously the mayor of bordering San Juan , defeated Lim as mayor of Manila in 2013 . Their vice mayor, Isko Moreno , ran for the Senate and lost in 2016 . Moreno defeated both Estrada and Lim in 2019 . In 2021, Moreno announced his candidacy for president in

4209-489: Was elected president in 1998 with a wide margin of votes separating him from the other challengers and was sworn into the presidency on June 30, 1998. In 2000, he declared an "all-out-war" against Moro Islamic Liberation Front and captured its headquarters and other camps. Allegations of corruption spawned an impeachment trial in the Senate, and in 2001, Estrada was ousted in the Second EDSA Revolution after

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4278-581: Was accredited by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) as a legitimate political party in 1990. In 1992, the party became a consultative member of the Socialist International (SI). In 2019, the PDSP was granted full member status in the SI. Starting in 1996, the PDSP actively participated in the interfaith dialogues held between Christian and Muslim groups in the Philippines. These series of events led to

4347-632: Was also the first mayor to computerize the assessment of the Real Estate Tax at the Municipal Assessor's Office. When Corazon Aquino assumed the presidency in 1986, all elected officials of the local government were forcibly removed and replaced by appointed officers-in-charge, including Estrada In 1987, Estrada won a seat in the Senate under the Grand Alliance for Democracy (GAD) placing 14th in

4416-541: Was born as Jose Marcelo Ejercito at 8:25 pm on April 19, 1937 in Tondo , an urban district of Manila . His family later moved to the wealthy suburb of San Juan , then a municipality in the province of Rizal . He belonged to a wealthy family and was the eighth of ten children of Emilio Ejercito Sr. (1899–1977) and his wife, Maria Marcelo (1906–2009). After graduating from the Ateneo Elementary School in 1951, he

4485-455: Was elected as mayor. The Local Government Code was enacted in 1991, and standardized the powers of Manila's mayor making it at par with other cities in the country. The office of the mayor is often used as a springboard for further political ambitions. In 1961, Lacson bolted the Nacionalista Party to become the campaign manager of the Liberal Party 's Diosdado Macapagal 's presidential campaign. After Macapagal's victory, Lacson returned with

4554-415: Was expelled during his second year of secondary studies at the Ateneo High School for disciplinary conduct. Later during college, he enrolled in a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering course at the Mapúa Institute of Technology to please his father. He would leave once again and later transferred to Central Colleges of the Philippines College of Engineering but dropped out. In his twenties, he began

4623-432: Was not disrupted by the forced resignation of all local government unit heads and the appointment of officers in charge in their place after the 1986 revolution, to which Bagatsing fully supported and complied with, voluntarily handing over his position to OIC Mel Lopez. The vice mayor is the second-highest official of the city. The vice mayor is elected via popular vote; although most mayoral candidates have running mates ,

4692-609: Was the chair of President Ramos' Presidential Anti-Crime Commission (PACC). Estrada arrested criminal warlords and kidnapping syndicates. He repeatedly topped surveys on government officials' performance conducted by the Social Weather Stations within his first two years as vice president and was named "Man of the Year" by ABS-CBN for 1993. He resigned as chair in 1997. In the same year Estrada, together with former president Corazon Aquino , Cardinal Jaime Sin , Senator Gloria Macapagal Arroyo , and other political leaders, led an anti-charter change rally that brought in an estimated half

4761-416: Was the first president to use a special name as his official address name, combining his real family name, Ejercito, with his screen name, thus forming "Joseph Ejercito Estrada". Estrada was inaugurated on June 30, 1998, in the historical town of Malolos in Bulacan province in paying tribute to the cradle of the First Philippine Republic . That afternoon the new president delivered his inaugural address at

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