57-579: Pangasinan is a coastal province in the Philippines, on the island of Luzon. Pangasinan or Pangasinense may also refer to: Pangasinan Pangasinan , officially the Province of Pangasinan ( Pangasinan : Luyag/Probinsia na Pangasinan , [paŋɡasiˈnan] ; Ilocano : Probinsia ti Pangasinan ; Tagalog : Lalawigan ng Pangasinan ), is a coastal province in the Philippines located in
114-666: A Liberal Party congressman representing the fourth district of Pangasinan, was elected Speaker of the lower Legislative House . He led the House until 1953 when the Nacionalista Party became the dominant party. Pangasinan, which is historically and geographically part of the Central Luzon Region , was made politically part of the Ilocos Region (Region I) by the gerrymandering of Ferdinand Marcos , even though Pangasinan has
171-624: A Chinese corsair and warlord, briefly invaded the polity after his failure in the Battle of Manila (1574) . He then set up an enclave of wokou (Japanese and Chinese pirates) in Pangasinan. Nevertheless, the Mexico-born Juan de Salcedo and his force of Tagalog , Visayan , and Latino soldiers assaulted and destroyed the pirate kingdom and then incorporated the Pangasinan people and their polity into
228-441: A Chinese pirate, fled to Pangasinan after his fleet was driven away from Manila in 1574. Limahong failed to establish a colony in Pangasinan, as an army led by de Salcedo chased him out of Pangasinan after a seven-month siege. Pangasinan as a province dates back to an administrative and judicial district as early as 1580, with Lingayen as the capital, but its territorial boundaries were first delineated in 1611. Lingayen has remained
285-652: A Franciscan missionary from Friuli , Italy, is believed by some to have celebrated a Catholic Mass and baptized natives at Bolinao. In July 2007, memorial markers were set up in Bolinao to commemorate Odoric's journey, based on a publication by Luigi Malamocco. The 1324 mass would have predated the mass held in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan which is generally regarded as the first mass in the Philippines by some 197 years. However, historian William Henry Scott concluded after examining Oderic's writings about his travels that he likely never set foot on Philippine soil and if he did, there
342-692: A center at about 15° 55′ N and 120° 30′ E near the Cabaruan Hills. Several rivers traverse the province. The longest is the Agno River which originates in the Cordillera Mountains of Benguet and eventually terminates at Lingayen Gulf . Other major rivers include the Bued River , Angalacan River , Sinocalan River , Pantal River , Patalan River and the Cayanga River . The province of Pangasinan
399-561: A distinct language and culture, Pangasinan. The political classification of Pangasinan as part of the Ilocos Region generated confusion among some Filipinos. The residents of Pangasinan are Ilocanos, even though Ilocanos constitute a minority in the province. Its economy is larger than the Ilocano provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur and La Union and its population is more than 50 percent of the population of Region 1. The Philippine economy took
456-507: A turn for the worse in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis being one of the early landmark events. Economic analysts generally attribute this to the ramp-up on loan-funded government spending to promote Ferdinand Marcos’ 1969 reelection campaign . Many students from Pangasinan were part of the protests that began in 1970 and continued through 1971 and early 1972, calling for government and economic reforms. In September 1972, one year before
513-635: A victory for Ferdinand Marcos . Weeks later, Vice Chief of Staff General Fidel V. Ramos , a Pangasinense who was head of the Philippine Integrated National Police, became an instrumental figure in the EDSA people power revolution which removed Ferdinand Marcos and compelled him to flee the country. After the downfall of Marcos all local government unit executives were ordered by President Corazon Aquino to vacate their posts. Some local executives were ordered to return to their seats, as in
570-534: Is 1,651,814. The western portion of the province is part of the homeland of the Sambal people , while the central and eastern portions are the homeland of the Pangasinan people . Due to ethnic migration, the Ilocano people settled in the province. Pangasinan is the name of the province, the people and the spoken language. Indigenous Pangasinan speakers are estimated to number at least 2 million. The Pangasinan language, which
627-518: Is 170 kilometres (110 mi) north of Manila , 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Baguio , 115 kilometres (71 mi) north of Subic International Airport and Seaport, and 80 square kilometres (31 sq mi) north of Clark International Airport . At the coast of Alaminos , the Hundred islands have become a famous tourist spot. The terrain of the province, as part of the Central Luzon plains,
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#1732851867711684-593: Is a major producer of salt in the Philippines. Its major products include bagoong ("shrimp-paste") and alamang ("salted- krill "). Pangasinan, like the rest of the Philippine islands , was settled by Austronesian peoples by sea during the Austronesian expansion . They established settlements along the Lingayen Gulf and was part of the ancient Austronesian trade routes to India , China , and Japan , since at least
741-477: Is located in the west central area of Luzon in the Philippines. It is bordered by La Union to the north, Benguet and Nueva Vizcaya to the northeast, Nueva Ecija to the southeast, and Zambales and Tarlac to the south. To the west of Pangasinan is the South China Sea . The province also encloses Lingayen Gulf . The province has a land area of 5,451.01 square kilometres (2,104.65 sq mi). It
798-563: Is no reason to think that he celebrated mass. On April 27, 1565, the Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in the Philippine islands with about 500 soldiers and established a Spanish settlement. On May 24, 1570, the Spanish forces defeated Rajah Sulayman and other rulers of Manila and later declared Manila the capital of the Spanish East Indies . After securing Manila,
855-440: Is official in the province, is one of the officially recognized regional languages in the Philippines. Several ethnic groups enrich the cultural fabric of the province. Almost all of the people are Pangasinans and the rest are descendants of the Bolinao and Ilocano who settled the eastern and western parts of the province. Pangasinan is spoken as a second language by many ethnic minorities in Pangasinan. The minority ethnic groups are
912-494: Is phonetically read in Chinese : 馮嘉施蘭 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Pâng-ka-si-lân ; lit. 'Pangasinan'; IPA : /paŋ˨ ka˧ ɕi˧ lan˨˦/ , was a sovereign pre-colonial Philippine polity ( panarian ) located in the Agno River basin and delta, with Binalatongan as the capital. Places in the present-day province of Pangasinan like Lingayen Gulf were mentioned as early as 1225, when Lingayen, then known as Li-ying-tung,
969-452: Is subdivided into 44 municipalities , 4 cities , and 1,364 barangay (which means "village" or "community"). There are six congressional districts in the province. The capital of the province is Lingayen . In ancient times, the capital of Pangasinan was Binalatongan, now San Carlos . During Japanese occupation, Dagupan was made a wartime capital. Pangasinan has 1,364 barangays comprising its 44 municipalities and 4 cities, ranking
1026-455: Is typically flat, with a few parts being hilly and/or mountainous. The northeastern municipalities of San Manuel , San Nicolas , Natividad , San Quintin and Umingan have hilly to mountainous areas at the tip of the Cordillera mountains . The Zambales mountains extend to the province's western towns of Labrador , Mabini , Bugallon , Aguilar , Mangatarem , Dasol , and Infanta forming
1083-619: The Bolinao-speaking Zambals , and Ilocanos . Popular tourist attractions in Pangasinan include the Hundred Islands National Park in Alaminos the white-sand beaches of Bolinao and Dasol . Dagupan is known for its Bangus Festival ("Milkfish Festival"). Pangasinan is also known for its mangoes and ceramic oven-baked Calasiao puto ("native rice cake"). Pangasinan occupies a strategic geo-political position in
1140-401: The Ilocos Region of Luzon . Its capital is Lingayen while San Carlos City is the most populous. Pangasinan is in the western area of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf and the South China Sea . It has a total land area of 5,451.01 square kilometres (2,104.65 sq mi). According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 3,163,190. The official number of registered voters in Pangasinan
1197-516: The Katipunan in their many pitched battles against Spanish forces that on June 30, 1898, Spanish authorities decided to evacuate all forces to Dagupan for a last stand against the rebels. They were ordered to go to Dagupan were all civilian and military personnel, including members of the volunteer locales of towns not yet in rebel hands. Those who heeded this order were the volunteer forces of Mangaldan, San Jacinto, Pozorrubio, Manaoag, and Villasis. Among
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#17328518677111254-621: The United States of America on November 15, 1935. The 21st Infantry Division were stationed in Pangasinan during the pre-World War II era. Anti-Japanese Imperial military operations included the fall of Bataan and Corregidor along with aiding the USAFFE ground force from January to May 1942 and the Japanese Insurgencies and Allied Liberation in Pangasinan from 1942 to 1945. After the declaration of Independence on July 4, 1946, Eugenio Perez,
1311-556: The 8th century AD. The primary industry along the coastal areas was salt-making, which is the origin of the name "Pangasinan" ("place of salt-making"). The interior lands were called " Caboloan " ("place of bolo bamboos"), referring to the abundance of bolo bamboo ( Gigantochloa levis ). Pangasinan is identified with " Feng-chia-hsi-lan " which appears in Ming Dynasty Chinese records. They are believed to have sent emissaries to China with symbolic "tributes" from 1403 to 1405, which
1368-776: The Americans after the Treaty of Paris , which ended the Spanish–American War . During the Philippine–American War Lieutenant Col. José Torres Bugallón of Salasa fought together with Gen. Antonio Luna to defend the First Philippine Republic against American colonization in Northern Luzon. Bugallon was killed in battle on February 5, 1899. The First Philippine Republic was abolished in 1901. In 1907
1425-491: The House of Representatives in 1992. He was reelected again in 1995. De Venecia was selected by the Ramos' administration party Lakas NUCD to be its presidential candidate in 1998. De Venecia ran but lost to Vice President Joseph Estrada . Oscar Orbos ran for vice president but lost to Senator Gloria Macapagal Arroyo , whose mother, former First Lady Evangelina Macaraeg-Macapagal , hails from Binalonan . Arroyo ascended to
1482-553: The Marcos Family prompted opposition from various Filipino citizens despite the risks of arrest and torture . The Pangasinan Philippine Constabulary (PC) Provincial Camp in Lingayen (renamed Camp Antonio Sison in 2017) was so full of political prisoners that the chapel, which measured a mere 4x9 meters, was divided in two by a wall of bars, with one part treated as a jail. Among the most prominent human rights violations victims
1539-652: The Pangasinan party a state banquet. In the 16th century, the Spanish referred to the port settlement of Agoo as the "Port of Japan". The locals wore apparel typical of other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups in addition to Japanese and Chinese silks. Even common people were clad in Chinese and Japanese cotton garments. They also blackened their teeth and were disgusted by the white teeth of foreigners, which were likened to that of animals. They used porcelain jars typical of Japanese and Chinese households. Japanese-style gunpowder weapons were also encountered in naval battles in
1596-608: The Philippine Assembly was established and for the first time five residents of Pangasinan were elected as its district representatives. In 1921, Mauro Navarro, representing Pangasinan in the Philippine Assembly , sponsored a law to rename the town of Salasa to Bugallon in honor of General Bugallon. Manuel L. Quezon was inaugurated as the first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines with collaboration from
1653-473: The Philippines in the fight for independence and religious freedom. The Philippine Revolution began on August 26, 1896, and was led by the leader of the Katipunan, Andres Bonifacio . On November 18, 1897, a Katipunan council was formed in western Pangasinan with Presidente Generalisimo Roman Manalang and General Mauro Ortiz. General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence on June 12, 1898. Dagupan ,
1710-479: The Spanish and loyal Filipino soldiers holed inside the Church. The tempo of battle changed when the attackers under the command of Don Vicente Prado devised a crude means of protection to shield them from Spanish fire while advancing. They used trunks of bananas bundled up in sawali which enabled them to move upon the Church. In 1901, towns of Nueva Ecija, Balungao , Rosales , San Quintin and Umingan were annexed to
1767-470: The Spanish forces conquered the rest of the island of Luzon, including Pangasinan. In 1571, the Spanish conquest of Pangasinan began with an expedition by the Spanish conquistador Martín de Goiti , who came from the Spanish settlement in Manila through Pampanga . About a year later another Spanish conquistador, Juan de Salcedo , sailed to Lingayen Gulf and landed at the mouth of the Agno River . Limahong ,
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1824-504: The area. In exchange for these goods, traders from all over Asia would come to trade primarily for gold and slaves but also for deerskins, civets and other local products. Other than a notably more extensive trade network with Japan and China, they were culturally similar to other Luzon groups to the south, especially the Kapampangans and they are neighbors to the Ilocanos too. Limahong ,
1881-466: The area. In exchange for these goods, traders from all over Asia would come to trade primarily for gold and slaves, but also deerskins, civet and other local products. Other than a notably more extensive trade network with Japan and China they were culturally similar to other Luzon groups to the south. Pangasinans were also described as a warlike people who were known for their resistance to Spanish conquest. Bishop Domingo Salazar described Pangasinans as
1938-426: The capital of the province except for a brief period during the revolutionary era when San Carlos City served as temporary administrative headquarters and during the slightly longer Japanese occupation, when Dagupan was the capital. The province of Pangasinan was formerly classified as an alcaldía mayor de término or first class civil province during the Spanish regime and has remained a first class-A province to
1995-570: The case of Mayor Ludovico Espinosa of Dasol , who claimed to have joined UNIDO during the height of the EDSA Revolution . Fidel Ramos was appointed as AFP Chief of Staff and later as Defense Secretary replacing Juan Ponce Enrile . Oscar Orbos , a congressman from Bani, was appointed by Aquino to head the Department of Transportation and Communications and later to Executive Secretary. On May 11, 1992, Fidel V. Ramos ran for President . He became
2052-474: The central plain of Luzon. Pangasinan has been described as the gateway to northern Luzon. The name Pangasinan means "place of salt" or "place of salt-making"; it is derived from the prefix pang- , meaning "for", the root word asin , meaning "salt”, and suffix -an , signifying "location". The Spanish form of the province's name, Pangasinán , remains predominant, albeit without diacritics and so does its pronunciation: [paŋɡasiˈnan] . The province
2109-426: The expected end of his last constitutionally allowed term as president in 1973, Ferdinand Marcos finally placed the Philippines under Martial Law - an act which allowed him to remain in power for fourteen more years, during which Pangasinan went through many social and economic ups and downs. The human rights abuses , crony capitalism , propagandistic construction projects , and personal expensive lifestyles of
2166-509: The fiercest and cruelest in the land. They were untouched by Christianity but like Christians they used vintage wine in small quantities for sacramental practices. The church bragged that they, not the Spanish military, won the northern part of the Philippines for Spain. The church was strict with adulterers; the punishment was death for both parties. Pangasinans were known to take defeated Sambal , ( Aeta ) and Negrito warriors to sell as slaves to Chinese traders. In 1324, Odoric of Pordenone ,
2223-417: The first Pangasinense President of the Philippines. Under his leadership, the Philippines recovered from the oil and power crisis of 1991. His influence sparked the economic growth of Pangasinan when it hosted the 1995 Palarong Pambansa (Philippine National Games). Jose de Venecia , who represented the same district as Eugenio Perez (his former father-in-law), was the second Pangasinense to become Speaker of
2280-625: The forces of Prado and Quesada before they attacked Dagupan. On April 17, 1898, General Makabulos appointed Prado to politico-military governor of Pangasinan with Quesada as his second in command. In May 1898 General Emilio Aguinaldo returned from his exile in Hong Kong following the signing of the Pact of Biac-na-Bato in December 1897. Aguinaldo's return gave renewed the flames of the revolution. On June 3, 1898, General Makabulos entered Tarlac. So successful were
2337-658: The items brought to Dagupan was the image of the Most Holy Rosary of the Virgin of Manaoag which was the patron saint of Pangasinan. The siege began when the forces of Maramba and Prado converged in Dagupan on July 18, 1898. The arrival of General Makabulos strengthened the rebel forces until the Spanish, holed up inside the Catholic Church, waved the flag of surrender five days later. The poorly armed Filipino rebels were no match for
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2394-485: The last Spanish garrison in Dagupan. On March 7, 1898, rebels under the command of Prado and Quesada attacked convents in the province of Zambales which now constitute western Pangasinan. Attacked and brought under Filipino control were Alaminos, Agno, Anda, Alos, Bani, Balincaguin, Bolinao, Dasol, Eguia and Potot. The revolt then spread to Labrador, Sual, Salasa and many other towns in the west. The towns of Sual, Labrador, Lingayen, Salasa and Bayambang were occupied first by
2451-406: The major commercial center of Pangasinan, was surrounded by Katipunan forces on July 18, 1898. The Battle of Dagupan lasted from July 18 to 23 of that year with the surrender of 1,500 Spanish soldiers under Commander Federico J. Ceballos and Governor Joaquin de Orengochea. The Battle of Dagupan was fought by local Katipuneros under the command of General Francisco Makabulos and the last remnants of
2508-401: The mountainous portions of those towns. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported several inactive volcanoes in the province: Amorong , Balungao , Cabaluyan, Cahelietan, Candong, and Malabobo. PHIVOLCS reported no active or potentially active volcanoes in Pangasinan. A caldera -like landform is located between the towns of Malasiqui and Villasis with
2565-1037: The municipality of Lingayen has the highest population at 12,642. Iton in Bayambang has the lowest with only 99 as of the 2010 census. These list includes the historical towns that that were once used to be in the province before they are ceded to nearby provinces: The population of Pangasinan in the 2020 census was 3,163,190 people, with a density of 580 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,500 inhabitants per square mile. Caboloan Caboloan (also spelled Kaboloan ; Pangasinan : Luyag na Caboloan ), referred to in Literary Chinese records as「馮嘉施蘭」 historically romanized in an atonal Wade-Giles -inspired romanization of Mandarin as Feng-chia-hsi-lan ( Mandarin simplified Chinese : 冯嘉施兰 ; traditional Chinese : 馮嘉施蘭 ; pinyin : Féngjiāshīlán ; IPA : /fɤŋ˧˥ t͡ɕi̯ä˥ ʂʐ̩˥ län˧˥/ ) although in Hokkien , it
2622-469: The neighboring provinces of Pampanga and Ilocos, but were repelled by a Spanish-led coalition of loyalist tribal warriors and mercenaries. In February 1661, the newly independent Kingdom of Pangasinan fell to the Captaincy General of the Philippines . On November 3, 1762, the people of Pangasinan proclaimed independence from Spain after a rebellion led by Juan de la Cruz Palaris . The Pangasinan revolt
2679-475: The once mighty Spanish Army under General Francisco Ceballos. Three local heroes fought in the five-day battle, Don Daniel Maramba of Santa Barbara, Don Vicente Prado of San Jacinto and Don Juan Quezada of Dagupan. Their armies amassed in Dagupan making a last stand at the brick-walled Catholic Church. Maramba led the liberation of the town of Santa Barbara on March 7, 1898, following a signal for simultaneous attack from Makabulos. Hearing that Santa Barbara fell to
2736-539: The present. Its territorial jurisdiction once included most of the province of Zambales and portions of what are now Tarlac and La Union provinces. By the end of the 1700s, Pangasinan had 19,836 native families and 719 Spanish Filipino families . Andres Malong, a native chief of the town of Binalatongan (now named San Carlos City), liberated the province from Spanish rule in December 1660. The people of Pangasinan proclaimed Andres Malong Ari na Pangasinan ("King of Pangasinan"). Pangasinan armies attempted to liberate
2793-449: The presidency after the second EDSA Revolution when President Joseph Estrada was overthrown. In May 2004, actor-turned-politician Fernando Poe, Jr. of San Carlos City ran for president against incumbent Gloria Macapagal Arroyo . The Pangasinan vote was split by the two presidential candidates, both with Pangasinan roots. Arroyo was elected president but her victory was tainted by charges of electoral fraud and vote-buying. Pangasinan
2850-535: The province at 3rd with the most barangays in a Philippine province, only behind the Visayan provinces of Leyte and Iloilo . Longos Amangonan Parac‑Parac Fabrica is the longest named barangay in the Philippines, it is situated in the municipality of San Fabian, Pangasinan . The most populous barangay in the province is Bonuan Gueset in Dagupan with a population of 22,042 as of 2010. If cities are excluded, Poblacion in
2907-479: The province of Pangasinan, because they were further away from the capital and already considered pacified by US forces. On November 30, 1903, several municipalities from northern Zambales including Agno, Alaminos, Anda, Bani, Bolinao, Burgos, Dasol, Infanta and Mabini were ceded to Pangasinan by the American colonial government for historical basis. Pangasinan and other parts of the Spanish East Indies were ceded to
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#17328518677112964-460: The rebels Spanish forces in Dagupan attempted to retake the town but were repelled by Maramba's forces. After the setback the Spanish decided to concentrate their forces in Lingayen in order to protect the provincial capital. This allowed Maramba to expand his operations to include Malasiqui, Urdaneta and Mapandan which he defeated in succession. He then defeated the town of Mangaldan before proceeding to
3021-460: The regime were student leader Eduardo Aquino who was from Mapandan, Pangasinan and beauty queen turned activist Maita Gomez of Bautista, Pangasinan . Aquino was ambushed by Soldiers during a meeting of activists in Tarlac, while Gomez was jailed numerous times, but survived to be co-founder of women's rights group GABRIELA . Both were eventually recognized by having their names posthumously inscribed on
3078-588: The wall of remembrance of the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani , which honors the martyrs and heroes which fought the dictatorship. In February 1986, both the COMELEC and the NAMFREL counts showed that Corazon Aquino had won the city of Dagupan (in the north along with the provinces of Benguet and Mountain Province) during the 1986 Philippine presidential election , despite widely acknoweledged election fraud meant to assure
3135-587: Was required to establish trade relations . In the sixteenth-century Pangasinan was called the "Port of Japan" by the Spanish. The locals wore native apparel typical of other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups in addition to Japanese and Chinese silks. Even common people were clad in Chinese and Japanese cotton garments. They blackened their teeth and were disgusted by the white teeth of foreigners which were likened to that of animals. They used porcelain jars typical of Japanese and Chinese households. Japanese-style gunpowder weapons were encountered in naval battles in
3192-512: Was listed in Chao Ju-kua's Chu Fan Chih (an account of the various barbarians) as one of the trading places along with Ma-i . Caboloan sent emissaries to China in 1406–1411. The emissaries reported three successive paramount leaders of Caboloan to the Chinese: Kamayin on September 23, 1406, Taymey ("Tortoise Shell"), and Liyli in 1408 and 1409, and on December 11, 1411, the emperor tendered
3249-502: Was sparked by news that Manila had fallen to the British on October 6, 1762. The Traité de Paris ended the Seven Years' War between Britain, France and Spain on March 1, 1763. On January 16, 1765, Juan de la Cruz Palaris was captured and Pangasinan independence was lost again. The Katipunan , a nationalist secret society, was founded on July 7, 1892, with the aim of uniting the peoples of
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