132-448: Pagadian , officially the City of Pagadian ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Pagadian ; Subanen : Gembagel G'benwa Pagadian ; Maguindanaon : Kuta nu Pagadian , كوت نو ڤڬديان; Iranun : Bandar a Pagadian , بندر ا ڤاڬاديان; Chavacano : Ciudad de Pagadian ; Filipino : Lungsod ng Pagadian ), is a 1st class component city and the capital of the province of Zamboanga del Sur , Philippines. It
264-577: A National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines as one of the highlights of the Celebration of the 500 Years of Christianity in the Philippines and the 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines . The name, "Santo Niño" was taken from the Spanish words, "Santo" which means "Holy" in its masculine form and "Niño" which means "Child" in its masculine form. Thus, it is translated as "Holy Child". In
396-555: A hagiography , based on a vision of Teresa of Ávila , the 16th century Discalced Carmelite mystic. In early 1521, a Spanish expedition ordered by King Charles I and led by Ferdinand Magellan was on a voyage from Spain to find a westward route to the Spice Islands. After crossing the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans , on April 7, 1521, they landed in Limasawa, Southern Leyte , and met
528-631: A Cebuano-English dictionary in 1955, and an English-Cebuano dictionary in 1983. During the Spanish Colonial Period , the Spaniards broadly referred to the speakers of Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Waray, Kinaray-a , and Aklanon as Visaya and made no distinctions among these languages. As of the 2020 (but released in 2023) statistics released by the Philippine Statistics Authority , the current number of households that speak Cebuano
660-509: A Spanish priest, compiled a grammar book on the language, but his work was published sometime only by the early 19th century CE. The priest recorded the letters of the Latin alphabet used for the language, and in a separate report, his name was listed as the recorder of the non-Latin characters used by the natives. Cebuano written literature is generally agreed to have started with Vicente Yap Sotto , who wrote " Maming" in 1901, but earlier he wrote
792-541: A chartered city through R.A. 5478 on June 21, 1969, becoming the third city in the Zamboanga Peninsula (Administrative Region) . On August 16, 1976, the city was one of the hardest hit areas in the Moro Gulf earthquake and tsunami of 1976, considered as the most devastating tsunami in the Philippines in recent times. Pagadian was the major city in the area that was struck by both the earthquake and tsunami and sustained
924-605: A civic military parade. On every June 21, the Araw ng Pagadian is celebrated in commemoration of its founding as a chartered city; as Capital of Zamboanga del Sur, the city hosts the annual provincial celebration in September with agro-trade exhibits, a civic-military parade, cultural presentations and sports competitions. The Megayon Festival is a week-long celebration that coincides with the Zamboanga del Sur anniversary in September. It honors
1056-463: A foothold for a colony to trade spices. He attempted a peaceful colonization, but these efforts were rejected. As a result, he opened fire on Cebu and burnt the coastal town down destroying 1,500 homes and possibly killing 500 people. In the ruins of this destruction, on April 28, the Spanish mariner Juan Camus found the image of the Santo Niño in a pine box. According to the local legend, the survival of
1188-510: A furor in the Moro community, and ethnic tensions encouraged with the formation of secessionist movements. Additionally, an economic crisis in late 1969, violent crackdowns on student protests in 1970, and 1971, and eventually the declaration of Martial Law all led to the radicalization of many students. Many of them left schools in Manila and joined New People's Army units in their home provinces, bringing
1320-425: A large part of the local economy; small-scale manufacturing of furniture and decors made out of wood, bamboo, rattan, steel and plastic; handicrafts made out of bamboo, rattan, coco shell, wood, marine shell, ceramics, and weaving. Pagadian Bay and the outer Illana Bay (Iranun Bay) abound with a wide variety of marine products; seaweed culture farming is flourishing in waters off the bay while fishponds near or along
1452-667: A local ruler named Raja Kulambu, who introduced him to Rajah Humabon , ruler of Cebu Island, and his chief consort , Hara Humamay. On April 14, Magellan presented them with three gifts: a bust of Christ as the Ecce Homo , an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the Santo Niño as part of their baptism and strategic alliance. As Humabon adopted the Catholic faith, he took the Christian name of "Carlos" (after Charles I ), while Humamay
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#17328514214351584-583: A martyr of the resistance against the dictatorship at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani memorial. In the 1980s, mayor Benjamin Arao initiated a layout for the city's future expansion by proposing a North Diversion Road of which a part would connect to F.S. Pajares Avenue, one of the city's two major roads via a Rotunda that overlooks the greater Illana Bay and the Moro Gulf beyond. In October 1990 President Corazon Aquino issued Executive Order 429 that designated Pagadian as
1716-545: A more patriotic piece of literature that was published a year later after Maming because of American censorship during the US occupation of the Philippines . However, there existed a piece that was more of a conduct book rather than a fully defined story itself, written in 1852 by Fray Antonio Ubeda de la Santísima Trinidad. Below is the vowel system of Cebuano with their corresponding letter representation in angular brackets: Sometimes, ⟨a⟩ may also be pronounced as
1848-472: A prayer and leads the congregation in singing the refrain of the Laudes Regiæ : Christus Vincit; Christus Regnat; Christus, Christus Imperat (“Christ Conquers; Christ Reigns; Christ Commands”). Drum rolls then announce the moment as the insignia are worn. The rite is explained as highlighting Christ's humility, and on the part of the individual believer, it should inspire an internal, spiritual conversion. It
1980-487: A pronounced dry season from January to March and rainy season from April to December. The area is generally not affected by tropical storms and typhoons as it is located outside the Philippine Typhoon Belt. Temperature ranges from 22.2 to 32.9 °C (72.0 to 91.2 °F). The prevailing winds are the southwest wind that blow from over the sea during dry seasons going northeast, and the trade winds brought from
2112-422: A reenactment of the first Mass and baptism in the islands. A break from tradition, the image of St. Joseph joined the fluvial procession for the first time in 2024. It is then followed by a grand yet solemn foot procession in the afternoon, culminating in a Pontifical Mass concelebrated by bishops and priests. The grand Sinulog Festival is then held on the following Sunday. The festival officially ends on
2244-731: A speaker's aforementioned statements. For instance, a Davaoeño might say "Tuá man atà sa baláy si Manuel" instead of "Tuá man tingáli sa baláy si Manuel" . The word atà does exist in Cebuano, though it means 'squid ink' in contrast to Tagalog (e.g. atà sa nukos ). Other examples include: Nibabâ ko sa jeep sa kanto , tapos niulî ko sa among baláy ("I got off the jeepney at the street corner, and then I went home") instead of Ninaog ko sa jeep sa eskina , dayon niulî ko sa among baláy . The words babâ and naog mean "to disembark" or "to go down", kanto and eskina mean "street corner", while tapos and dayon mean "then"; in these cases,
2376-623: A spirit of brotherhood. And below is the official translation of the Lord's Prayer . Amahán namò nga anaa sa mga langit, pagdaygon ang imong ngalan, umabót kanamò ang imong gingharian, matuman ang imong pagbuót, dinhí sa yutà maingón sa langit. Ang kalan-on namò sa matag adlaw, ihatag kanamò karóng adlawa. Ug pasayloa kamí sa among mga salâ, ingón nga nagapasaylo kamí sa mga nakasalâ kanamò. Ug dilì mo kamí itugyan sa panuláy, hinunua luwasá kamí sa daután. Amen. Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name, your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as it
2508-409: Is approximately 1.72 million and around 6.5% of the country's population speak it inside their home. However, in a journal published in 2020, the number of speakers is estimated to be 15.9 million which in turn based it on a 2019 study. Cebuano is spoken in the provinces of Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor , Negros Oriental , northeastern Negros Occidental (as well as the municipality of Hinoba-an and
2640-620: Is a pushback on these objections. Some language enthusiasts insist on referring to the language as Cebuano because, as they claim, using the terms Bisayâ and Binisayâ to refer to ethnicity and language, respectively, is exclusivist and disenfranchises the speakers of the Hiligaynon language and the Waray language who also refer to their languages as Binisayâ to distinguish them from Cebuano Bisayâ . Existing linguistic studies on Visayan languages, most notably that of R. David Paul Zorc, has described
2772-429: Is also often replaced with d͡ʒ ⟨j/dy⟩ when it is in the beginning of a syllable (e.g. kalayo , "fire", becomes kalajo ). It can also happen even if the ⟨y⟩ is at the final position of the syllable and the word, but only if it is moved to the initial position by the addition of the affix -a . For example, baboy ("pig") can not become baboj , but baboya can become baboja. All of
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#17328514214352904-619: Is also present in the alphabet since it is part of the phonology of most Philippine languages representing the sound of the velar nasal /ŋ/ (e.g. ngipon , "teeth" and ngano , "why"). Cebuano shares many cognates with other Austronesian languages and its descendants. Early trade contact resulted in the adoption of loanwords from Malay (despite belonging in the same language family) like " sulát" ("to write") , "pilak" ("silver"), and " balísa" ("anxious"); it also adopted words from Sanskrit like " bahandì" ("wealth, goods, riches") from "भाण्ड, bhānda" ("goods"), and bása ("to read")
3036-469: Is also the seat of the Provincial Government of Zamboanga del Sur . Elected officials for the 2019–2022 term are: Tricycles or Bao-Bao are the primary public transport in the urban center while jeepneys usually ply the city's rural barangays. Private vehicles comprises the largest percentage of the traffic. Buses, minibuses, and jeepneys are the modes of transportation for transients bound for
3168-714: Is based primarily on faith and heritage: (a) the Subanens (or any other indigenous tribes who had been living in the area before the advent of Islam in Mindanao), (b) the Muslim settlers who came from other parts of Mindanao and other places such as Sabah and Indonesia , and (c) the Christian settlers who generally came from the Visayas and Luzon. The majority of Pagadianons speak the Cebuano language . The national language, Filipino ( Tagalog )
3300-400: Is distinctive in retaining /l/ sounds and longer word forms as well. It is the primary dialectal language of the entire province of Negros Oriental and northeastern parts of Negros Occidental (while the majority of the latter province and its bordered areas speaks Hiligaynon/Ilonggo), as well as some parts of Siquijor . Examples of Negrense Cebuano's distinction from other Cebuano dialects
3432-630: Is from Spanish, being more culturally influenced by Spanish priests from the late 16th century and invigorated by the opening of the Suez canal in the 1860s that encouraged European migrations to Asia, most notably its numeral system. English words are also used extensively in the language and mostly among the educated ones, even sometimes using the English word rather than the direct Cebuano. For example, instead of saying "magpalít" (" to buy ", in future tense), speakers would often say "mag- buy " . Currently,
3564-593: Is governed by the City Mayor. The local Sangguniang Panglungsod (City Legislative Council) is presided by the City Vice Mayor with ten elected councilors, and two ex-officio members from the Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Council) and Association of Barangay Captains (ABC) respectively, as members of the council. The city mayor, vice mayor, and councilors are popularly elected to serve a three-year term. Pagadian
3696-407: Is in heaven. Give us today our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one. Amen. Source: There is no standardized orthography for Cebuano, but spelling in print usually follow the pronunciation of Standard Cebuano, regardless of how it is actually spoken by the speaker. For example, baláy ("house")
3828-550: Is its uniquely designed tricycle built to adopt to the city's hilly terrain. It is the only place in the Philippines with a public transport inclined at about 25-40° angle. In recent years, these iconic inclined public transport has been slowly being replaced by modernized tricycles, locally called "bao-bao" a kind of auto rickshaw , due to the latter's fuel-efficiency, less noise and being environment-friendly due to its smoke-less emissions. The city proper and surrounding areas of today's barangays of Muricay, Tawagan Sur and White Beach
3960-576: Is now located in San Francisco District and was built in 1968. Pagadian Parish became a diocese on November 2, 1971, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Ozamis. Msgr. Jesus B. Tuquib served as the first bishop and was installed on February 24, 1973. At that time, the Columban Fathers took care of the apostolic services for the first 13 parishes in the newly formed diocese. As of 2008,
4092-560: Is on the northeastern side of the Western Mindanao region, bordering on Illana Bay . It is bounded by the municipalities of Tigbao and Dumalinao on the southwest, Lakewood on the west, Labangan on the east and northwest, and Midsalip on the north. About 45% of the total city area is steeply sloping terrain of hills and mountains on the northwestern portion that covers an estimated 15,090 hectares. Mt. Sugarloaf (1,376 m.), Mt. Pinukis (1,213 m.), and Mt. Palpalan (650 m.) are
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4224-439: Is phonemic, which means that words with different accent placements, such as dapít (near) and dápit (place), are considered separate. The stress is predictably on the penult when the second-to-last syllable is closed (CVC or VC). On the other hand, when the syllable is open (CV or V), the stress can be on either the penultimate or the final syllable (although there are certain grammatical conditions or categories under which
4356-549: Is pronounced /baˈl̪aɪ/ in Standard Cebuano and is thus spelled "baláy", even in Urban Cebuano where it is actually pronounced /ˈbaɪ/ . Cebuano is spoken natively over a large area of the Philippines and thus has numerous regional dialects. It can vary significantly in terms of lexicon and phonology depending on where it is spoken. Increasing usage of spoken English (being the primary language of commerce and education in
4488-874: Is served by shipping lines operating for both passenger and cargo vessels. Ports of call include Zamboanga City , Jolo and Siasi in Sulu , Bongao and Sitangkai in Tawi-tawi , and Cotabato City . Integrated Bus Terminal (IBT-Main) . Served by two major bus companies and several other smaller Public Utility Vehicles(PUVs), i.e. vans, the terminal sits atop the hill as the station for both Eastbound and Westbound transport, particularly for public transports bound for Zamboanga City, Butuan, Ozamiz City, Dipolog, Iligan City, Cagayan de Oro, Cotabato City, Kidapawan City, Digos City, Davao CitY, Tacurong City, Koronadal City, and General Santos City. Integrated Bus Terminal (Annex Palacio) , Served by several mini bus companies and other smaller PUVs,
4620-480: Is similar to that of other varieties; however, current speakers exhibit uniquely strong Tagalog influence in their speech by substituting most Cebuano words with Tagalog ones. This is because the older generations speak Tagalog to their children in home settings, and Cebuano is spoken in other everyday settings, making Tagalog the secondary lingua franca. One characteristic of this dialect is the practice of saying atà , derived from Tagalog yatà , to denote uncertainty in
4752-414: Is spoken as a ten and a unit . For example, 11 is spoken as " napulò ug usá" , shortened to " napulò'g usá" (lit. "ten and one"), 111 is spoken as "usa ka gatós, napulò ug usá", and 1111 is spoken as "usá ka libo, usá ka gatós, napulò ug usá". The ordinal counting uses the prefix ika - , and then the unit, except for "first" which is "una" . For example, ika- duhá means "second". Below
4884-531: Is still considered the primary economic resource with the production of rice, corn, coconut, fruit, root crops and animal husbandry. Special funding-assistance programs by the government are made available for local farmers; the City Livelihood Development Assistance Program (CILDAP) extends loans to those who need financial assistance for their livelihood. Production of raw materials like seaweeds, coco processing, cassava constitute
5016-460: Is taken from "वाचा, vācā" ("sacred text") and Arabic like the word "alam" ("to know") is said to be borrowed from Arabic "عَالَم, ʕālam " ("things, creation, existing before") , and " salamat" ("expression of gratitude, thanks, thank you") from "سَلَامَات, salāmāt " ("plural form of salāma, meaning "good health"), both of which were indirectly transmitted to Cebuano through Malays. The biggest component of loanwords that Cebuano uses
5148-416: Is technically not an island, but a sandbar that partially submerges during high tide. Springland Resort is a natural springwater resort, it has three swimming pools, a fishpond and multi-function halls for gatherings. Puting Balas is the literal translation for "white sand" in the local dialect. It is classified as a white sandbar . A number of caves and waterfalls can also be found in remote barangays of
5280-541: Is the official translation of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights taken from the official United Nations website: Ang tanáng katawhan gipakatawo nga adunay kagawasan ug managsama sa kabililhon. Silá gigasahan sa pangisip ug tanlag ug kinahanglang mag-ilhanáy sa usá'g-usá dihâ sa diwà sa panág-higsuonáy. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in
5412-517: Is the oldest Christian artifact in the Philippines, originally a gift from the Conquistador Ferdinand Magellan to Rajah Humabon (baptized as Carlos) and his wife and chief consort, Hara Humamay (baptized as Juana) on account of their Christian baptism in 1521. The image is the only canonically crowned image of Jesus Christ in the Philippines. The dark wood statue measures approximately 12 inches (30 cm) tall, and carved in
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5544-430: Is the regional center of Zamboanga Peninsula and the second-largest city in the region and in the province, after the independent city of Zamboanga . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 210,452 people. The city will be converted to a highly urbanized city by the virtue of Proclamation No. 1247, signed by President Rodrigo Duterte dated November 8, 2021. Pagadian began as stop-over for traders who plied
5676-534: Is the usage of the word maot instead of batî ("ugly"), alálay , kalálag instead of kalag-kalag (Halloween), kabaló/kahibaló and kaágo/kaantígo instead of kabawó/kahíbawó ("know"). Santo Ni%C3%B1o de Ceb%C3%BA The Señor Santo Niño de Cebú is a Catholic title of the Child Jesus associated with a religious image of the Christ Child widely venerated as miraculous by Filipino Catholics . It
5808-651: Is the variety of Cebuano spoken throughout most of Mindanao , and it is the standard dialect of Cebuano in Northern Mindanao . A branch of Mindanaoan Cebuano in Davao is also known as Davaoeño (not to be confused with the Davao variant of Chavacano which is called "Castellano Abakay"). Like the Cebuano of Luzon, it contains some Tagalog vocabulary, which speakers may use even more frequently than in Luzon Cebuano. Its grammar
5940-571: Is to be the oldest church in the Philippines . The church structure was destroyed several times over and was finally rebuilt with a permanent structure made from coralstone much later. The coralstone church structure is the Basilica that we see today. During World War II, the Japanese forces dropped bombs from their planes all over Cebu, including the Basilica. A bomb fell in the Basilica and greatly damaged
6072-475: Is usually turned on at 6:00 in the evening. Dao Dao Islands . The name is shared by two islands within Illana Bay; thus the addition of Dako (big) and Gamay (small) to the names of the islands for simple distinction. "Dao Dao Dako" is the bigger island which is about a hectare and is about 7 to 10‑minute ride by motorboat from the seaport. It has artificial coral reefs made of old tires. "Dao Dao Gamay"
6204-498: Is widely understood and is the native tongue of a small percentage of the population. Maguindanaon , Iranun , Maranao , Tausug , and Samal languages are used by the Muslim community. The Subanen dialect is exclusively used by the Subanen people, the original inhabitants of the area. Remaining percentage of the population are classified as Hiligaynon and Zamboangueño speakers. As with
6336-686: The Bisayan languages . Cebuano is the lingua franca of Central Visayas, the western parts of Eastern Visayas, some western parts of Palawan and most parts of Mindanao . The name Cebuano is derived from the island of Cebu , which is the source of Standard Cebuano. Cebuano is also the primary language in Western Leyte—noticeably in Ormoc . Cebuano is assigned the ISO 639-2 three-letter code ceb , but not an ISO 639-1 two-letter code. The Commission on
6468-522: The Chinese New Year . It honors the local Chinese community. The Pagadian Rotunda is a roundabout and circular park that overlooks Illana Bay where the North Diversion Road and F.S. Pajares Avenue converges, two of the three major roads in the city center (the third one being Rizal Avenue). Plaza Luz is a park located across Pagadian City Hall. The park has a musical dancing fountain that
6600-511: The Flemish style. It depicts the Child Jesus, with a serene countenance, in the attitude and dress of a Spanish monarch. The statue bears imperial regalia , including a golden crown, globus cruciger , and various sceptres, wears fine vestments, and possesses jewelry mostly offered by devotees over several centuries. The image is replicated in various parts of the country with different titles and
6732-472: The Marxist-Leninist Maoist armed conflict to Mindanao for the first time. The September 1972 declaration of Martial Law began a 14-year period historically remembered for its human rights abuses , often involving the warrantless detention, murder, and physical, sexual, or mental torture of political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against
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#17328514214356864-582: The Visayan ethnolinguistic groups native to the islands of Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor , the eastern half of Negros , the western half of Leyte , and the northern coastal areas of Northern Mindanao and the eastern part of Zamboanga del Norte due to Spanish settlements during the 18th century. In modern times, it has also spread to the Davao Region , Cotabato , Camiguin , parts of the Dinagat Islands , and
6996-497: The open-mid back unrounded vowel /ʌ/ (as in English "g u t"); ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ as the near-close near-front unrounded vowel /ɪ/ (as in English "b i t"); and ⟨o⟩ or ⟨u⟩ as the open-mid back rounded vowel /ɔ/ (as in English "th ou ght") or the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ (as in English "h oo k"). During the precolonial and Spanish period, Cebuano had only three vowel phonemes: /a/ , /i/ and /u/ . This
7128-575: The 20th century, most of which came from Cebu as evident on the veneration of the Santo Niño de Cebú . The increasing Christian population prompted the creation of the Parish of Pagadian in 1938 and was administered by the Jesuits, Columban and Filipino priests. The original Santo Niño Church of Pagadian was right across the city plaza, on the site of the current San Jose Parish church. The present Santo Niño Cathedral
7260-510: The Christ Child has become one of the most beloved and recognizable Filipino cultural icons. The annual dancing feast of Sinulog is held on the third Sunday of January every year in His honor. Today, the original image is permanently encased behind bulletproof glass inside its chapel within the Basilica del Santo Niño . The Santo Niño de Cebú was originally produced by Flemish artisans, according to
7392-575: The Diocese of Pagadian had 24 parishes. The present-day Pagadian had its beginnings as a sitio of Margosatubig . In July 1927, it became a barrio under the Municipal District of Labangan , Zamboanga del Sur upon the implementation of Executive Order no.70. The transfer the seat of the Labangan Government to Pagadian was made in 1934 through the efforts of Director Teofisto Guingona, Sr. who
7524-452: The English numeral system instead, especially for numbers more than 100. The language uses a base 10 numeral system, thence the sets of ten are ultimately derived from the unit except the first ten which is "napulò" , this is done by adding a prefix ka- , then followed by a unit, and then the suffix -an . For example, 20 is spoken as ka-duhá-an (lit. "the second set of ten"). The numbers are named from 1-10, for values after 10, it
7656-625: The Filipino Language , the Philippine government body charged with developing and promoting the national and regional languages of the country, spells the name of the language in Filipino as Sebwano . The term Cebuano derives from " Cebu "+" ano ", a Latinate calque reflecting the Philippines' Spanish colonial heritage. Speakers of Cebuano in Cebu and even those from outside of Cebu commonly refer to
7788-531: The Friday after the Holy Child's feast day, and it is marked with the traditional Hubo (Cebuano, "undress") rite. During a Mass, the basilica's priests and sacristans ceremoniously and reverently strip the Santo Niño of its festal vestments and regalia . There is a strict order of divesting the icon: first the crown is removed, followed by the orb and sceptre ; then the cape; then the sash and tunic, and finally,
7920-560: The Jose Sanson appointed as acting mayor. Norberto Bana Sr. was elected as the first officially elected municipal mayor after the regular elections. The Municipality of Pagadian was formed by merging the municipal districts of Labangan and Dinas , as a result, making Labangan a district under its former barrio. The newly created town had 19 barangays or districts. In 1950 the barrios of Dinas, Legarda, Mirapao, Migpulao, Kalipapa, Pisaan, Bubway, Tiniguangan, Tabina and Dimataling which were under
8052-634: The Marcos dictatorship. In Zamboanga del Sur, these were often attributed to military-endorsed militias , which included the Ilaga and a number of armed cult groups, which were used to enhance the military's numbers as it fought various resistance movements. Within Pagadian itself, documented human rights violations directly associated with the Philippine Constabulary included the killing of political prisoners at
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#17328514214358184-496: The Municipality of Pagadian, were incorporated into the newly created town of Dimataling . In the same manner, the barrios of Dumalinao Proper, Begong, Nilo, Tigbao, Ticwas, Balongating, Baguitan, Pantad, Napolan, Tagulo, Camanga, Maragang, Sibucao, Tina, Guling, Miculong, Baga, Rebucon, and Mambilik were constituted into Dumalinao in 1956. Pagadian was occupied by Japanese troops during World War II . From November 5 to 20, 1944,
8316-546: The Pagadian City Jail, while incidents of violence associated with the militias and armed cult groups included violence during the leadup to the 1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum , and the killing of civilians at checkpoints, including that of Catholic church worker Mateo Olivar at a checkpoint in Barangay Labangan, sparking local outrage in the Pagadian parish. Olivar would eventually be honored as
8448-414: The Philippines) has also led to the introduction of new pronunciations and spellings of old Cebuano words. Code-switching forms of English and Bisaya ( Bislish ) are also common among the educated younger generations. There are four main dialectal groups within Cebuano aside from Standard Cebuano and Urban Cebuano. They are as follows: The Boholano dialect of Bohol shares many similarities with
8580-432: The Regional Center for Region - IX (Zamboanga Peninsula). But it was not until November 12, 2004 that Pagadian officially became the Regional Center due in part to the opposition of Zamboanga City , the former regional center, which delayed the process of the transfer. Proclamation No. 1247 was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte on December 8, 2021, which sought to convert Pagadian into a highly urbanized city. Pagadian
8712-425: The Spanish Bible it can be read in Luke 1:35 that: "Y el ángel dijo: —El Espíritu Santo vendrá sobre ti y el poder del Altísimo te cubrirá con su sombra. Así que al Santo Niño que va a nacer lo llamarán Hijo de Dios." - In the King James Version, the title "Holy Child" was also applied even if Jesus was already ascended to heaven. "By stretching forth thine hand to heal; and that signs and wonders may be done by
8844-401: The Spanish colonial era, the Santo Niño was given the high military rank of Captain-General , with the full title of " Celentísimo Capitán General de las Esfuerzas Españolas en Filipinas " (The Most Esteemed Captain-General of the Spanish Forces in the Philippines). For this reason, the statue is vested in a red cape and sash, symbolising the rank of a general, and military boots. Presently,
8976-423: The above substitutions are considered allophonic and do not change the meaning of the word. In rarer instances, the consonant ⟨d⟩ might also be replaced with ⟨r⟩ when it is in between two vowels (e.g. Boholano idô for standard Cebuano irô , "dog"), but ⟨d⟩ and ⟨r⟩ are not considered allophones, though they may have been in the past. Stress accent
9108-408: The area of Barangay San Jose. The Tiguma, Bulatoc, Gatas, and Balangasan Rivers, drain to Pagadian Bay and serve as natural drainage. Due to its topography, most of the city's 54 barangays do not experience flooding. The low-lying southern and eastern part of the city occasionally experience flooding , especially during heavy rains. Located within the tropics of the northern hemisphere, Pagadian has
9240-403: The assistance of the Philippine constabulary due to the rampant banditry and piracy in the area. A detachment led by Col. Tiburcio Ballesteros stationed at Malangas landed at the place and stationed themselves at Dumagoc Island. The arrival of the soldiers restored peace and order, thereby attracting the influx of settlers from other places. Christian settlers started arriving in the early part of
9372-480: The bay yields milkfish, prawns and crabs. A number of large deep-sea fishing vessels that venture into the Sulu Sea and as far as the South China Sea make Pagadian fishport their base of operation. Because of this, the city is also one of the major suppliers of dried fish and other kinds of seafood in the region. Another income-generating industry is mining in an area located 1.5 km southeast of Barangay Lison Valley proper approximately forty-nine kilometers from
9504-510: The beautiful daughter of the Sultan of Pagadian and Royal Bai Putri of Raya. Upon the death of Datu Akob also known as Datu Mimbalawag, his son-in-law, Datu Macaumbang (Sultan of Taga Nonok) assumed leadership; he established the territorial boundaries of the present city proper, from Balangasan River in the west of Tawagan Sur River in the east. Beyond the river of Tawagan Sur was the territory of Datu Balimbingan. At one time, Datu Macaumbang requested
9636-478: The beginning of a word (e.g. ngano , "why"). The glottal stop / ʔ / is most commonly encountered in between two vowels, but can also appear in all positions. Like in Tagalog , glottal stops are usually not indicated in writing. When indicated, it is commonly written as a hyphen or an apostrophe if the glottal stop occurs in the middle of the word (e.g. tu-o or tu'o , "right"). More formally, when it occurs at
9768-424: The cities of Kabankalan and Sipalay to a great extent, alongside Ilonggo ), southern Masbate , western portions of Leyte and Biliran (to a great extent, alongside Waray ), and a large portion of Mindanao , notably the urban areas of Zamboanga Peninsula , Northern Mindanao , Davao Region , Caraga and some parts of Soccsksargen (alongside Ilonggo, Maguindanaon , indigenous Mindanaoan languages and to
9900-574: The city proper which yields gold, copper and molybdenum . The City Fiesta is celebrated every third Sunday of January in honor of its patron saint, the Holy Child Jesus ( Santo Niño ) which coincides with the feastday of Cebu City . It is officially called the Pasalamat Festival highlighted with a fluvial parade ( regatta ), trade exhibits, the Mutya ng Pagadian beauty pageant, carnival shows and
10032-650: The city. The Provincial Government Complex is the civic, sports and cultural center of the Province of Zamboanga del Sur of which Pagadian is the capital. A standard-sized oval track and field, standard-sized swimming pools and buildings for indoor/outdoor sports as well as a cultural village and the Unity Park, a monument to the Tri-people group (the Lumads, Moslems and Christians) who settled in Pagadian, are located there. The city
10164-498: The combined American and Filipino troops attempted to take the town from the Japanese. Sixteen Japanese soldiers were killed, but they remained in possession of Pagadian. The establishment of the general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and the Philippine Constabulary were stationed in Pagadian and active from November 21, 1944, to June 30, 1946, during and in the aftermath of World War II , including
10296-449: The consent of Datu Macaumbang surveyed the western part of the present area and found Talpokan , a part of the barrio of Pagadian, deemed as a suitable place for such transfer. At the same time, Datu Macaumbang donated 260 hectares of land to Christians who were willing to transfer to the area. On March 23, 1937, Pagadian became a municipality through Executive Order 77 due to the eager initiative of then Assemblyman Juan S. Alano, with
10428-476: The consonant /w/ ). Loanwords , however, are usually more conservative in their orthography and pronunciation (e.g. dyip , " jeepney " from English "jeep", will never be written or spoken as dyep ). There are only four diphthongs since ⟨o⟩ and ⟨u⟩ are allophones. These include /aj/ , /uj/ , /aw/ , and /iw/ . For Cebuano consonants, all the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal /ŋ/ occurs in all positions, including at
10560-697: The declaration was met with negative reactions from the Cebuano people , a priest from the Colegio del Santo Niño defended the Archbishop's declaration. Eventually, the Virgin Mary was welcomed as the official patroness and protectress of Cebu, being the closest saint to Jesus. The devotion to the Santo Niño is common with worldwide veneration of the Infant Jesus of Prague . The image is found in many houses, business establishments, and public transportation. Traditionally,
10692-543: The end of the word, it is indicated by a circumflex accent if both a stress and a glottal stop occurs at the final vowel (e.g. basâ , "wet"); or a grave accent if the glottal stop occurs at the final vowel, but the stress occurs at the penultimate syllable (e.g. batà , "child"). Below is a chart of Cebuano consonants with their corresponding letter representation in parentheses: In certain dialects, /l/ ⟨l⟩ may be interchanged with /w/ ⟨w⟩ in between vowels and vice versa depending on
10824-523: The fear of future bombings in the vicinity of the Basilica, the Augustinian friars decided that it was best to seek refuge elsewhere. They sought refuge from the Redemptorist brothers in the Parish of Our Mother of Perpetual Help , commonly known locally as the "Redemptorist Church". The friars hid the image of the Santo Niño in a metal vault under the icon of Our Lady for seven months for safekeeping. After
10956-520: The following conditions: A final ⟨l⟩ can also be replaced with ⟨w⟩ in certain areas in Bohol (e.g. tambal , "medicine", becomes tambaw ). In very rare cases in Cebu, ⟨l⟩ may also be replaced with ⟨y⟩ in between the vowels ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩ / ⟨i⟩ (e.g. tingali , "maybe", becomes tingayi ). In some parts of Bohol and Southern Leyte, /j/ ⟨y⟩
11088-399: The former word is Tagalog, and the latter is Cebuano. Davaoeño speakers may also sometimes add Bagobo or Mansakan vocabulary to their speech, as in " Madayawng adlaw , amigo, kumusta ka?" (" Good day , friend, how are you?", literally "Good morning/afternoon") rather than " Maayong adlaw , amigo, kumusta ka?" The words madayaw and maayo both mean 'good', though the former is Bagobo and
11220-497: The greatest number of casualties. The 1970s brought a period of numerous concurrent conflicts on the island of Mindanao, including Pagadian and Zamboanga del Sur. This included land dispute conflicts arising from the influx of settlers from Luzon and the Visayas, and from the Marcos administration ’s encouragement of militia groups such as the Ilaga . News of the 1968 Jabidah massacre ignited
11352-488: The icon of the church's namesake, thus forming the Holy Family . This transfer, which is common in fiestas throughout the country, is called Traslación . This practice started on January 19, 1989. On the morning of the vísperas ("eve", i.e., the day before) of the feast, the images of Santo Niño de Cebu and Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Cebú are brought back to Cebu City in a fluvial procession that concludes with
11484-420: The image is often dressed in one of two colors: red is common for domestic images, while green – symbolizing luck – is worn by those enshrined in businesses. However, the church declared that red is the prescribed color of the image, not green. It is also often dressed in miniature costumes that often reflect the profession of its devotee such as physicians, nurses, policemen, or teachers. Another popular variation
11616-522: The image was repainted with a brown complexion several years later. Pope Paul VI elevated the church to the status of Minor Basilica on its 400th anniversary (Spanish: Basílica Minore del Santo Niño ). As part of the Culmination for the 400th Commemoration of the Christianization of the Philippines, the image of the Santo Niño was Canonically Crowned. A hundred years later, the Basilica was declared
11748-469: The inner garments. The priest recites a short petition before each removal, which is marked with a festive drum roll. The priest then chants Christe exaudi nos (Latin for “Christ, graciously hear us”). The priest then raises the icon for veneration, carefully dips it in a basin of scented water four times, and wipes it dry. He then dresses it in a plainer set of robes, and replaces the regalia in reverse order of divesture. Upon replacing each item, he intones
11880-416: The introduction of the Latin script, its use was so rare that there is hardly any surviving accounts of Cebuano being written in what was called badlit . Modern Cebuano uses 20 letters from the Latin alphabet and it consists of 5 vowels and 15 consonants. The letters c, f, j, q, v, x and z are also used but in foreign loanwords, while the " ñ " is used for Spanish names (e.g. Santo Niño ). The " Ng " digraph
12012-534: The language as Bisayâ . The name Cebuano , however, has not been accepted by all who speak it. Cebuano speakers in certain portions of Leyte , Northern Mindanao , Davao Region , Caraga , and Zamboanga Peninsula objected to the name of the language and claimed that their ancestry traces back to Bisayâ speakers native to their place and not from immigrants or settlers from Cebu. Furthermore, they refer to their ethnicity as Bisayâ instead of Cebuano and their language as Binisayâ instead of Cebuano. However, there
12144-480: The language simply as Binisayâ or Bisayà . The Cebuano language is a descendant of the hypothesized reconstructed Proto-Philippine language , which in turn descended from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian , making it distantly related to many languages in Maritime Southeast Asia , including Indonesian and Malay . The earlier forms of the language is hard to trace as a result of lack of documents written using
12276-506: The language spoken in Cebu, Negros Occidental, Bohol (as Boholano dialect), Leyte, and most parts of Mindanao as "Cebuano". Zorc's studies on Visayan language serves as the bible of linguistics in the study of Visayan languages. The Jesuit linguist and a native of Cabadbaran , Rodolfo Cabonce, S.J., published two dictionaries during his stays in Cagayan de Oro City and Manolo Fortich in Bukidnon :
12408-407: The language through different time periods and also because the natives used to write on easily perishable material rather than on processed paper or parchment. The earliest record of the Cebuano language was first documented in a list of words compiled by Antonio Pigafetta , an Italian explorer who was part of Ferdinand Magellan 's 1521 expedition. While there is evidence of a writing system for
12540-451: The language, its use appears to have been sporadic. Spaniards recorded the Visayan script , which was called kudlit-kabadlit by the natives. Although Spanish chroniclers Francisco Alcina and Antonio de Morga wrote that almost every native was literate in the 17th century CE, it appears to have been exaggerated as accounted for lack of physical evidence and contradicting reports of different accounts. A report from 1567 CE describes how
12672-482: The latter Cebuano. One of the famous characteristics of this dialect is disregarding the agreement between the verb "To go (Adto, Anha, Anhi, Ari)" and locative demonstratives (Didto, Dinha, Dinhi, Diri) or the distance of the object/place. In Cebu Cebuano dialect, when the verb "to go" is distal (far from both the speaker and the listener), the locative demonstrative must be distal as well (e.g. Adto didto . Not " Adto diri " or " Anha didto "). In Davaoeño Cebuano on
12804-805: The lesser extent, Ilocano ). It is also spoken in some remote barangays of San Francisco and San Andres in Quezon Province in Luzon , due to its geographical contact with Cebuano-speaking parts of Burias Island in Masbate . Some dialects of Cebuano have different names for the language. Cebuano speakers from Cebu are mainly called "Cebuano" while those from Bohol are "Boholano" or "Bol-anon". Cebuano speakers in Leyte identify their dialect as Kanâ meaning that (Leyte Cebuano or Leyteño). Speakers in Mindanao and Luzon refer to
12936-400: The lowland regions of Caraga , often displacing native languages in those areas (most of which are closely related to the language). While Tagalog has the largest number of native speakers among the languages of the Philippines today, Cebuano had the largest native-language-speaking population in the Philippines from the 1950s until about the 1980s. It is by far the most widely spoken of
13068-557: The mass baptism, Magellan undertook a war expedition on the behalf of the newly named King Carlos, attacking Mactan Island and burning down hamlets which resisted. The residents led by Lapu Lapu defended Magellan's attack with force, and Magellan died on April 27, in the Battle of Mactan , about three weeks after he had arrived in Philippines. After Magellan's death, his Spanish colleagues left. The next Spanish expedition arrived on April 27, 1565, led by Miguel López de Legazpi , again to gain
13200-424: The military operations and engagements against the Japanese and liberated areas in Mindanao from November 21, 1944, to August 15, 1945. On June 6, 1952, Congressman Roseller T. Lim authored R.A. 711 dividing Zamboanga into two provinces - Norte (north) and Sur (south) then three months after, on September 17, 1952, it became the capital town of the newly established province of Zamboanga del Sur. Pagadian became
13332-437: The mountain ranges. Rainfall distribution is moderate from 2,500 to 3,000 millimetres (98 to 118 in) annually. Pagadian is politically subdivided into 54 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . Currently, there are 19 barangays which classified as urban (highlighted in bold ) and the rest as rural. The people of Pagadian (Pagadianons) are classified into three main groups which
13464-560: The name of thy holy child Jesus."(Acts 4:30, King James Version 1611) The feast, locally known as Fiesta Señor , starts on the Thursday after the Solemnity of the Epiphany . Each year, the celebration starts with a dawn procession wherein the replica image of Santo Niño de Cebú is brought down to the streets. It is then followed by the novena Masses, which span nine days. On the last day of
13596-482: The native system is mostly used as cardinal numbers and more often as ordinal numbers, and the Spanish-derived system is used in monetary and chronological terminology and is also commonly used in counting from 11 and above, though both systems can be used interchangeably regardless. The table below shows the comparison of native numerals and Spanish-derived numerals, but observably Cebuano speakers would often just use
13728-574: The natives wrote the language , and stated that the natives learned it from the Malays, but a century later another report claimed that the Visayan natives learned it from the Tagalogs. Despite the confirmation of the usage of baybayin in the region, the documents of the language being written in it other than Latin between the 17th century CE and 18th century CE are now rare. In the 18th century CE, Francisco Encina,
13860-587: The nearby Subanen populations who were " getaw Dumenghilas " (from around the Dumangkilas River and Bay), " getaw Sibuguey " (from around the Sibuguey River and Bay), or " getaw Thebed " (from around the river of Thebed in Labangan). Iranun and Maguindanaon settlers then came and converted the people to Islam. A sizeable number of Subanons who refused to convert eventually settled in the highlands. Pagadian
13992-610: The neighboring municipalities and other parts of Zamboanga del Sur. These short-travel transports also serve the bus terminal which is located downtown. Airport . The city is served by a Principal Airport Class 1 (or major domestic ). It is located in Barangay Muricay, approximately five kilometers from the city proper. The airport serves as the only air portal in the Province of Zamboanga del Sur with direct flights to and from Manila and Cebu . Seaport . The port of Pagadian City
14124-573: The northern boundaries. Both North and South Kana are subgroups of Leyteño dialect . Both of these dialects are spoken in western and central Leyte and in the southern province, but Boholano is more concentrated in Maasin City . Northern Kanâ (found in the northern part of Leyte ), is closest to the variety of the language spoken in northern part of Leyte, and shows significant influence from Waray-Waray, quite notably in its pace which speakers from Cebu find very fast, and its more mellow tone (compared to
14256-568: The novena, another dawn procession is held wherein the image of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Cebú is removed from its shrine and brought to the Basílica Menor. After the procession, it will stay for a while in the Basilica. Then, the images of Santo Niño de Cebu and Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Cebú are brought to the National Shrine of St. Joseph in Mandaue City to be reunited with
14388-545: The other hand does not necessarily follow that grammar. Speakers tend to say Adto diri instead of Ari diri probably due to grammar borrowing from Hiligaynon because kadto/mokadto is the Hiligaynon word for "come" or "go" in general regardless the distance. The Cebuano dialect in Negros is somewhat similar to Standard Cebuano (spoken by the majority of the provincial areas of Cebu), with distinct Hiligaynon influences. It
14520-589: The rank is called Celentisimo Capitan General de las Esfuerzas en Filipinas , with the "Españolas" dropped, thusly translating to Most Esteemed Captain-General of the Forces in the Philippines. Further, the image was later honoured by the Philippine Navy with the title "Lord Admiral of the Sea" ( Spanish: Señor Almirante de la Mar ) during the 446th anniversary of the image's Kaplag ("finding" or "rediscovery") in 2011. This
14652-476: The rest of the Philippines, English is widely understood and is used as the primary language for business. Pagadian posted an average annual regular income of P662,511,106.21 from fiscal year 2009 to 2016, thus classifying it as a 1st class component city in the Philippines. As of 2023, it is the 7th wealthiest city in Mindanao with a total asset of P5.568 Billion. The city has an increasing number of businesses in
14784-484: The road between the old Spanish fort-town of Zamboanga on the southwestern tip of the Zamboanga Peninsula and other bigger towns to the north of the old Zamboanga Province . Except for its sheltered bay and good fishing grounds, it was not a promising site because it is situated on steeply rolling terrain. In the course of its local history, waves of different kinds of people came to stay, and eventually called among themselves "Pagadianons". The iconic symbol of Pagadian
14916-478: The roof but, miraculously, did not explode. When the Augustinian friars inspected the immediate impact of the bomb in the church, they found that the image of the Santo Niño was flung out of its place in the High Altar and was dangling by its cape which had been snagged by an electric candle by the altar. After seeing the image displaced from the altar and seeing the rest of the church in great disrepair, and also out of
15048-483: The service sector mainly due to the transfer of the regional offices from Zamboanga City resulting to an influx of visitors from other towns and cities in the Zamboanga Peninsula. This is evident on the current bullish construction trend in the city. Some malls already had made a presence but the most prominent is the city-owned mall, City Commercial Center or C3 Mall, which was built in 2011. However, agriculture
15180-410: The southern Philippines . It is natively, though informally, called by its generic term Bisayâ ( [bisəˈjaʔ] ) or Binisayâ ( [bɪniːsəˈjaʔ] ) (both terms are translated into English as Visayan , though this should not be confused with other Bisayan languages ) and sometimes referred to in English sources as Cebuan ( / s ɛ ˈ b uː ən / seb- OO -ən ). It is spoken by
15312-485: The southern form of Standard Cebuano. It is also spoken in some parts of Siquijor and parts of Northern Mindanao. Boholano, especially as spoken in central Bohol, can be distinguished from other Cebuano variants by a few phonetic changes : Southern Kanâ is a dialect of both southern Leyte and Southern Leyte provinces; it is closest to the Mindanao Cebuano dialect at the southern area and northern Cebu dialect at
15444-455: The statue was seen as a sign of miracle by the colonizers, and ever since it has been believed to have miraculous powers. The image of the Santo Niño is the oldest surviving Catholic relic in the Philippines, along with the Magellan's Cross . A church to house Santo Niño was built on the spot where the image was found by Juan Camus. The church was originally made of bamboo and mangrove palm and
15576-464: The stress is predictable, such as with numbers and pronouns). The Cebuano language is written using the Latin script and the de facto writing convention is based on the Filipino orthography . There is no updated spelling rule of the language as the letter "Ee" is often interchangeable with "Ii" and "Oo" with "Uu" . Though it was recorded that the language used a different writing system prior to
15708-483: The terminal sits in urban Sta. Lucia District, as the station for both Eastbound and Westbound transport, particularly for public transport bound for neighboring towns especially in the Baganian Peninsula area. Educational institutions in Pagadian include: High School: College: Cebuano language Cebuano ( / s ɛ ˈ b w ɑː n oʊ / se- BWAH -noh ) is an Austronesian language spoken in
15840-417: The three notable mountain peaks. Areas in the direct north and central part, have gentle to moderate slopes, making up 47% of the total. The remaining 8% is level or nearly level which makes up most of the eastern and the southern parts of the city. The urban area covers about 845.48 hectares. Elevation of the urban area of the city ranges from 1 MSL ( mean sea level ) near Pagadian Bay to about 100 MSL in
15972-539: The tri-people settlers: the Subanens , BangsaMoro Muslims and Christians . " Megayon " is a Subanen word which means "Unity and Solidarity". The festival is a showcase of three distinctly different cultural heritage in songs, dances, rituals of peace, foods and crafts, to foster unity and understanding among the three cultures. Environment-related activities, peace and development forum, and indigenous sports competitions are being held. Pagadian City also officially celebrates
16104-519: The urban Cebu City dialect, which Kana speakers find "rough"). A distinguishing feature of this dialect is the reduction of /A/ prominent, but an often unnoticed feature of this dialect is the labialisation of /n/ and /ŋ/ into /m/ , when these phonemes come before /p/ , /b/ and /m/ , velarisation of /m/ and /n/ into /ŋ/ before /k/ , /ɡ/ and /ŋ/ , and the dentalisation of /ŋ/ and /m/ into /n/ before /t/ , /d/ and /n/ and sometimes, before vowels and other consonants as well. This
16236-402: The war, the image was brought out of the vault to be displayed and venerated by the public. When the image was brought out of the vault, the friars had found that the dark paint that originally covered the image was peeling off. When they had peeled off all of the dark paint, they found that the image had a much fairer complexion. The image was venerated with its fair complexion for some time until
16368-604: The word pangadyi ("prayer"), later to be known as pangadyian ("a place to pray" or "land of prayers"). The name Pagadian is also speculated to be derived from the Subanen word pengadian which means "school". The first known settlers in Pagadian were the Subanon people . The settlers in what would later become Pagadian referred to themselves as " getaw Belengasa ," or "from around the Balangasan River" to distinguish themselves from
16500-471: Was christened "Juana" (after Joanna of Castile , Charles' mother). According to Antonio Pigafetta – Magellan's memoir writer, along with the ruler, about 500 males along with the Queen and 40 women were also converted by Father Pedro Valderrama. At the ceremony, Raja Kulambu of Limasawa also converted and was given the name Don "Juan", while his Muslim captain was named Don "Cristobal". A few days after
16632-601: Was commissioned by Philippine Governor-General Leonard Wood to find out the possibility of transferring the seat of government of the Labangan municipality to another place. A conference was first held, together with the Datus and the early Christian settlers as the idea of the transfer was at first largely opposed by the Christians. Eventually, a consensus was reached when the designated committee led by Datu Balimbingan of Labangan and with
16764-574: Was done in acknowledgment of Christ's "lordship over seafarers, mariners and the marine ecology." The image was taken aboard the naval ship BRP General Emilio Aguinaldo (PG-140) for a fluvial parade, marking the first time its own naval ensign bearing its coat-of-arms was flown by a Philippine naval vessel. The honour was a joint effort of the Naval Forces Central, Philippine Coast Guard-Cebu District, Cebu Ports Authority, Philippine National Police Maritime Group, among others. The Santo Niño
16896-563: Was later expanded to five vowels with the introduction of Spanish. As a consequence, the vowels ⟨o⟩ or ⟨u⟩ , as well as ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ , are still mostly allophones . They can be freely switched with each other without losing their meaning ( free variation ); though it may sound strange to a native listener, depending on their dialect. The vowel ⟨a⟩ has no variations, though it can be pronounced subtly differently, as either /a/ or /ʌ/ (and very rarely as /ɔ/ immediately after
17028-464: Was only in 1990 when the Augustinian priests caring for the icon first made the rite public. The Hubo Mass today is held on the Friday following the feast day at the Pilgrim Center outside the Basilica, and the masses following generally mark the termination of the long celebrations. The original feast date for the image was April 28, but in the 18th century, the following changes were made: During
17160-405: Was originally named Talapukan, an indigenous word that means "a place of numerous springs." The officially accepted origin of its name are words taken from Iranun , pagad ("to wait") and padian ("market") which shows that Pagadian had been a trading area in the past. Other theories suggest that it was named after a bird that the native inhabitants call gagadian or that the city's name came from
17292-455: Was popularly considered the official patron of Cebu, but the Church in the Philippines suppressed the notion and clarified that it is not the representation of a saint that intercedes to God but rather God in the person of Jesus . Instead, the Archbishop of Cebu, Cardinal Ricardo Vidal , controversially declared Our Lady of Guadalupe of Cebú as the principal patroness of Cebu in 2002. While
17424-490: Was under the rule of Sultan Datu Akob, an Iranun datu whose daughter caught the fancy of Datu Macaumbang (Sultan of Taga Nonok), also an Iranun from Malabang, Tukuran that is now part of Pagadian. He was the son of Sharif Apo Tubo who descended from the bloodline of Sharif Kabungsuan , the first Sultan of the Maguindanao Sultanate . With the approval of Sultan Datu Akob, Datu Macaumbang married Bai Putri Panyawan Akob,
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