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74-593: The first Operation Black Thunder took place on 30 April 1986. About 200 radical Sikh militants had been occupying the temple premises for the last 3 months. The operation was commanded by Kanwar Pal Singh Gill , who was the DGP of Punjab. About 300 National Security Guards commandos stormed the Golden Temple, the holiest shrine of the Sikhs, along with 700 Border Security Force troops and captured about 200 Sikh militants. One person

148-621: A 'small group' of people for the Gujarat riots. In April 2003, there was a report that Gill was being considered for the position of governor of Assam. The Northeast Study Group, of which Gill is a member, had advised against assigning a state's previous security personnel to a state as governor. The Chief minister of Assam agreed. Martin Regg Cohn argued in a Toronto Star editorial that policies followed in Punjab by Gill should be utilised in fighting

222-681: A 'supercop', for his work in Punjab, where he was the Director General of Police from 1988 to 1990 and then again from 1991 until his retirement from the Indian Police Service in 1995. During this era when Sikh extremists in the Khalistan movement were active in Punjab, there were reports of human rights violations in the Punjab region . Amnesty International reported that, from 1983 to 1994, armed groups "struggling" to form an independent Sikh state , assassinating perpetrators of

296-530: A building near the Golden Temple and convinced a militant, Santhok Singh Kala, to join security forces and to carry out terrorist operations for them. Kala taunted other militants which led to them firing and Virk being injured. Hearing about the shooting the Jathedar, Jasbir Singh Rode, hurried to Amritsar. On May 11 and 12, around 1,000 commandos from the Special Action Group were airlifted to Amritsar under

370-530: A complaint against Gill in 1988 for "patting" her "posterior" at a party where he was alleged to be drunk. In August 1996, he was convicted under Section 354 (outraging the modesty of a woman) and Section 509 (word, gesture or act intended to insult a lady), generally summarised as sexual harassment . Gill was sentenced to pay a fine of ₹2,00,000 and to suffer three months rigorous imprisonment , followed by two months' ordinary imprisonment, and finally to serve three years of probation. After final appeals before

444-468: A comprehensive counter-terrorism strategy against Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam He was approached by Lakshman Kadirgamar who was the foreign minister of Sri Lanka After the defeat of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam the similarity in the tactics used by Sri Lanka with the tactics used by Gill in Punjab was noted in an article published in India Today Gill was appointed security adviser to

518-657: A feeling of respect for Sikh intellectuals including writers and preachers, who also would be enthused to improve upon their accomplishments. (f). Streamlining the administration of the gurdwaras by giving better training to their workers. Appropriate steps would also be taken to maintain gurdwara building in proper condition. The representatives of the party in the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee would be directed to focus their resources towards these ends. (g). Making suitable arrangements for error free publications of gurbani , promoting research in

592-675: A sexual harassment case. Gill retired from the IPS in 1995. Gill was an author, editor , speaker , consultant on counter-terrorism , and served as president of the Institute for Conflict Management and president of the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF). Gill was born on 29 December 1934 in Ludhiana , Punjab Province , British India in the Jat Sikh family Rachpal Singh Gill and Amrit Kaur. He

666-517: A unit, should be conceded. (c) The control of headworks should continue to be vested in Punjab and, if need be, the Reorganization Act should be amended. (d) The arbitrary and unjust Award given by Mrs. Indira Gandhi during the Emergency on the distributions of Ravi-Beas waters should be revised on the universally accepted norms and principles, and justice be done to Punjab. (e) Keeping in view

740-534: Is a union and republican geographical entity of different languages, religions and cultures. To safeguard the fundamental rights of the religious and linguistic minorities, to fulfill the demands of the democratic traditions and to pave the way for economic progress, it has become imperative that the Indian constitutional infrastructure should be given a real federal shape by redefining the Central and State relation and rights on

814-477: Is this period that witnessed the most serious escalation of violence. In May 1988, he commanded Operation Black Thunder to flush out militants hiding in the Golden Temple . Compared to Operation Blue Star , little damage was inflicted on the Golden Temple. In what was reported as a successful operation, around 67 Sikhs surrendered and 4 were killed in the encounter. Gill stated that he did not want to repeat

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888-544: The 1984 Sikh massacre ), Operation Black Thunder was far more successful with the blockade tactics paying dividends, and has been credited with breaking the back of the Sikh separatist movement. Soon after this operation, the Indian Government banned the use of religious shrines for political and military purposes and increased penalties for the possession and use of illegal weapons, as part of its strategy to fight extremism in

962-532: The 1984 Sikh pogroms or Congress Party members, and taking hostages. It further reported that the police responded with a crackdown, "illegally detaining, torturing and killing hundreds of young men". Human Rights Watch (HRW) reported that from the 1980s Sikh separatists were guilty of targeted assassinations and attacks upon Hindu minorities in the Punjab state. HRW also reported that the government response resulted in further serious "human rights violations against tens of thousands". HRW report in 1991 described

1036-565: The Dharam Yudh Morcha in 1982 to implement the Resolution. Thousands of people joined the movement, feeling that it represented a real solution to demands such as a larger share of water for irrigation and the return of Chandigarh to Punjab. The SAD officially stated that the Resolution did not envisage an autonomous Sikh State of Khalistan . Its president, Harchand Singh Longowal , declared: Let us make it clear once and for all that

1110-640: The Taliban in Afghanistan. An academic paper, The Gill Doctrine: A Model for 21st Century Counterterrorism? , analysing his tactics in the successful fight against the Punjab insurgency was presented at the annual meeting of American Political Science Association on 30 August 2007. The government of Chhattisgarh state in India appointed him a security adviser to help control Naxalites in 2006. After an attack by Naxalites killed 55 policemen in 2007 Gill commented that

1184-568: The 2001 book Terror And Containment: Perspectives on India's Internal Security with Ajai Sahni . With Sahni, he also co-authored The Global Threat of Terror:Ideological, Material & Political Linkages . Other books published by Gill are Kanwar Pal Singh Gill was admitted to Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in Delhi on 10 May 2017. He had been suffering from peritonitis but died of sudden cardiac arrest due to cardiac arrhythmia on 26 May 2017. Anandpur Resolution The Anandpur Sahib Resolution

1258-625: The Anandpur Sahib Resolution. It was endorsed in the form of a succession of resolutions at the 18th All India Akali Conference of the Shiromani Akali Dal at Ludhiana on 28–29 October 1978. The resolution included both religious and political issues. It asked for recognising Sikhism as a religion separate from Hinduism . It also demanded that power be generally devoluted from the Central to state governments, and more autonomy to Punjab. The resolution declared its goal to give

1332-528: The Chief minister of Assam state, Prafulla Kumar Mahanta , requested his services as security advisor. However, since the sexual harassment case against him was pending he was not able to take this appointment. In 1999, Delhi Police arrested Richhpal Singh, who was allegedly a Babbar Khalsa suicide bomber on a mission to assassinate Gill. He arrived in Delhi from Pakistan on an Afghan passport. Two kilograms of

1406-467: The Indian army during Operation Blue Star. This operation was described as a severe setback to the Anandpur Resolution implementation movement. In contrast to prior operations, minimum force was used under full public scrutiny. It is remembered for the free access the news media was provided unlike during Operation Blue Star . The day after the militants surrendered, nine reporters were allowed into

1480-447: The Indian economy by 30 years of Congress rule in India. This capitalist hold enabled the Central government to assume all powers in its hands after the manner of Mughal imperialism. This was bound to thwart the economic progress of the states and injure the social and economic interests of the people. The Shiromani Akali Dal once again reiterates the Sikh way of life by resolving to fulfil the holy words of Guru Nanak Dev: "He alone realizes

1554-659: The Press and was deemed to provide a great degree of authenticity to the narrative of the events. However, his political coverage was criticised as placing too much responsibility for the insurgency on the Akali Dal , while absolving the Indian National Congress . Gill was editor of the quarterly journal of the ICM, Faultlines: Writings on Conflict and Resolution and also wrote the ICM website, South Asia Terrorism Portal. He edited

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1628-496: The Punjab region. In 2002, Sarabjit Singh, then Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar at the time published a book "Operation Black Thunder: An Eyewitness Account of Terrorism in Punjab". The account was criticised by Kanwar Pal Singh Gill who claimed that the operation was initially called "Operation Gill" before being renamed "Operation Black Thunder". Kanwar Pal Singh Gill This is an accepted version of this page Kanwar Pal Singh Gill (29 December 1934 – 26 May 2017)

1702-578: The Sikh Panth has been separated, for their pilgrimage and proper upkeep. (k). Development of the farmers (kisan) of Punjab. Resolutions adopted, in the light of the Anandpur Sahib Resolution, at open session of the 18th All India Akali Conference held at Ludhiana on 28–29 October 1978, under the presidency of Jathedar Jagdev Singh Talwandi are as under: Resolution No. 1 Moved by Sardar Gurcharan Singh Tohra , president, Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. The Shiromani Akali Dal realizes that India

1776-693: The Sikh; religious fervour and a sense of pride in their great socio-spiritual heritage through the following measures: (a). Reiteration of the concept of unity of God, meditation on His Name, recitation of gurbani , inculcation of faith in the Holy Sikh Gurus as well as in Guru Granth Sahib Ji and other appropriate measures for such a purpose. (b). Grooming at the Sikh Missionary College the Sikh youth with inherent potential to become accomplished preachers, ragis , dhadis and poets so that

1850-523: The Sikhs have no designs to get away from India in any manner. What they simply want is that they should be allowed to live within India as Sikhs, free from all direct and indirect interference and tampering with their religious way of life. Undoubtedly, the Sikhs have the same nationality as other Indians. After Operation Blue Star , Rajiv Gandhi reached a compromise with Longowal, the Rajiv-Longowal Accord , on 24 July 1985. The government accepted

1924-516: The Sikhs] by the previous Congress Government, more particularly during the Emergency, and try to find an early solution to the following problems: (a) Chandigarh originally raised as a Capital for Punjab should be handed over to Punjab. (b) The long-standing demand of the Shiromani Akali Dal for the merger in Punjab of the Punjabi-speaking areas, to be identified by linguistic experts with village as

1998-527: The State. The Shiromani Akali Dal also desires that suitable amendments should be made in the Foreign Exchange rules for free exchange of foreign currencies and thereby removing the difficulties being faced by the Indian emigrants. The Shiromani Akali Dal emphatically urges upon the Indian government to bring about parity between the prices of the agricultural produce and that of the industrial raw materials so that

2072-573: The Supreme Court in July 2005, the conviction was upheld but the jail sentences were reduced to probation. The victim had declined to accept the monetary compensation, and the court ordered that it be donated to women's organisations. Gill was an outspoken critic of the Indian Government 's handling of national security issues. He blamed it for soft nature and under-preparedness, and argued that policy

2146-749: The Supreme Court was presented to Gill, and officials denied that police had detained him. (2005 testimony by Special Police Officer Kuldeep Singh indicated that Gill later visited Khalra in October 1995, a few days before Khalra was killed. ) Under Gill the scope of tracking down and arresting militants went beyond Punjab to other parts of India. "There were several reports during 1993 that Punjab police hit teams were pursuing alleged Sikh militants in other parts of India. On 17 May, one such team raided an apartment in Calcutta looking for alleged militant Lakshmi Singh. According to neighbours, Punjab police commandos broke into

2220-465: The Temple complex. Kirtan was resumed at the Golden Temple on 23 May 1988 after a two-week break during this operation. While Operation Blue Star was widely considered poorly executed and shambolic because of the egregious loss of civilian lives and the damage done to both the Golden Temple and Sikh relations with the government (culminating in the assassination of Indira Gandhi by her bodyguards and

2294-678: The allegations of corruption, the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) suspended the IHF indefinitely on 28 April 2008. IOA president Suresh Kalmadi said in a press conference, "We have great respect for KPS Gill and it is not personal." As of September 2009, Gill remained president of the Institute for Conflict Management. As of July 2009, he was also winding up the affairs of the suspended Indian Hockey Federation as it merged with its replacement, Hockey India. A female Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer named Rupan Deol Bajaj filed

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2368-431: The ancient and modern Sikh history , translating holy gurbani into other languages and producing first-rate literature on Sikhism . (h). Taking appropriate measures for the enactment of an All India Gurdwaras Act with a view to improving the administration of the gurdwaras throughout the country and to reintegrate the traditional preaching sects of Sikhism like Udasis and Nirmalas , without in any way encroaching upon

2442-415: The apartment early that morning, shot Singh and his wife in their bedroom, then fled with the bodies. The government of West Bengal lodged a protest with the Punjab government, but no disciplinary action was reported against the police commandos". Gill founded the Institute for Conflict Management (ICM) and was its first president. Gill began advising governments on counter-terrorism matters. In 1997,

2516-481: The basis of caste, creed or any other ground in keeping with basic principles of Sikhism. 5. Removal of disease and ill health, checking the use of intoxicants and provision of full facilities for the growth of physical well-being so as to prepare and enthuse the Sikh Nation for the national defence. For the achievement of the aforesaid purposes, the Shiromani Akali Dal owed society as its primary duty to inculcate among

2590-527: The command of Brigadier Sushil Nanda. Nanda had a hot line to New Delhi with the National Security Guard control room. On May 11 Rode was able to get a ceasefire that lasted two hours. Rode met with Gurdev Singh Kaunke , journalists, and other associates. He talked to other militants. During this time commandos took their positions replacing the CRPF which had been previously stationed. The ground level

2664-566: The concept of distinct and sovereign identity of the Panth and building up of appropriate condition in which the national sentiments and aspirations of the Sikh Panth will find full expression, satisfaction and facilities for growth. 3. Eradication of poverty and starvation through increased production and more equitable distribution of wealth and also the establishment of a just social order sans exploitation of any kind. 4. Vacation of discrimination on

2738-583: The demands of the SAD, which, in turn, agreed to withdraw its agitation. The accord attracted opposition from several orthodox Sikh leaders of Punjab as well as from the politicians of Haryana . Some of the promises could not be fulfilled because of the disagreements. Longowal was assassinated by Sikh militants who opposed the accord. The Shiromani Akali Dal shall ever strive to achieve the following aims: 1. Propagation of Sikhism, its ethical values and code of conduct to combat atheism. 2. Preservation and keeping alive

2812-422: The discrimination against such states that lack these materials may be removed. The Shiromani Akali Dal demands that the exploitation of the produces of cash crops like cotton, sugarcane, oil seeds, etc., at the hand of traders should be stopped forthwith and for this purpose arrangements be made for purchase by government of these crops at remunerable prices. Besides, effective steps should be taken by government for

2886-425: The economic policies and programme of the Shiromani Akali Dal are the secular, democratic and socialistic concepts of Guru Nanak and Guru Gobind Singh. Our economic programme is based on three principles: While drafting its economic policies and programme, the Shiromani Akali Dal in its historic Anandpur Sahib Resolution has laid particular stress on the need to break the monopolistic hold of the capitalists foisted on

2960-436: The economic programme of the Shiromani Akali Dal is to enable the economically weaker sections of the society to share the fruits of national income. The Shiromani Akali Dal calls upon the Central government to make an international airport at Amritsar which should also enjoy the facilities of a dry port. Similarly, a Stock Exchange should be opened at Ludhiana to accelerate the process of industrialization and economic growth in

3034-400: The explosive RDX , four detonators , and some 'live wire' were recovered from him. In an interview after this incident, Gill claimed that he had been a target of four or five such assassination attempts by Babbar Khalsa and other Sikh militant groups. Gill stated that he was not afraid. In 2000 the government of Sri Lanka sought his expertise as an anti-terrorism expert to help them draw

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3108-419: The failure to qualify, accused Gill of "autocratic functioning", and called on the entire IHF staff to step down. Gill responded that the critics were professional mourners who were proud to run down the establishment, and stated he would respond to these things at a later stage. They did not have an instant coffee machine that they can get results instantly. Alok Sinha, writing for India Times , noted that

3182-543: The issue was one of underdevelopment in police forces. The state policy was to leave these tribal areas alone and that gave Naxalites a base. There used to be just 3,000 police for an area the size of Switzerland. That is now changing but it will take time. But yes, it is a winnable war. In March 2008, India's hockey team failed to qualify for the Olympics for the first time since the team's debut in 1928. Narender Batra, one of 11 IHF vice-presidents, on resigning his position over

3256-543: The lines of the aforesaid principles and objectives. The concept of total revolution given by Lok Naik Jaya Parkash Narain is also based upon the progressive decentralization of powers. The climax of the process of centralization of powers of the states through repeated amendments of the Constitution during the Congress regime came before the countrymen in the form of the Emergency (1975), when all fundamental rights of all citizens

3330-402: The mistakes made by Indian army during Operation Blue Star. In contrast to prior operations, minimum force was used under full public scrutiny. 1991 saw the peak of violence in Punjab, with more than 5000 reported killed. In 1992, the Indian government, intent on retaking Punjab from terrorism, appointed Gill as Chief of Police in Punjab. The police and army instituted a crackdown, and in 1993

3404-613: The operation. By mid February the date of the Operation was set and leave of the Special Action Group commandos had been cancelled. In the lead up to the operation Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale's nephew Jasbir Singh Rode was released and president rule was declared in Punjab. Punjab was further to be declared a state of emergency . State sponsored terrorists used Soviet made RPG-7's at a Vishwakarma Temple near Phagwara where there were 70 CRPF stationed. On May 8 DIG ( Deputy Inspector General of Police ) of CRPF Sarabdeep Singh Virk went to

3478-528: The police to resort to extrajudicial executions and disappearances. The police were awarded financially for killing militants. India's central government created a special fund to finance Punjab's death squads, to pay the network of informants who provided information about militants and those suspected of supporting militants, and to reward police who captured and killed them. The reward was about ₹50,000 ($ 1,670). In an article in India Today on 15 October 1992 it

3552-487: The principle of State autonomy in keeping with the concept of federalism. As such, the Shiromani Akali Dal emphatically urges upon the Janata Government to take cognizance of the different linguistic and cultural sections, religious minorities as also the voice of millions of people and recast the constitutional structure of the country on real and meaningful federal principles to obviate the possibility of any danger to

3626-461: The propagation of Sikhism, its tenets and traditions and its basic religious values could be taken up more effectively and vigorously. (c). Baptising the Sikhs on a mass scale with particular emphasis on schools and colleges wherein the teachers as well as the taught shall be enthused through regular study circles. (d). Revival of the religious institution of Dasvandh among the Sikhs . (e). Generating

3700-408: The properties of their maths . (i). Taking necessary steps to bring the Sikh gurdwaras all over the world under a single system of administration with a view to running them according to the basic Sikh forms and to pool their resources for the propagation of Sikhism on a wider and more impressive scale. (j). Striving to free access to all those holy Sikh shrines, including Nanakana Sahib, from which

3774-542: The purchase of cotton through the Cotton Corporation. The Shiromani Akali Dal strongly feels that the most pressing national problem is the need to ameliorate the lot of millions of exploited persons belonging to the scheduled classes. For such a purpose the Shiromani Akali Dal calls upon the Central and State governments to earmark special funds. Besides, the state governments should allot sufficient funds in their respective budgets for giving free residential plots both in

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3848-423: The reported death toll was less than 500. In 1993, The New York Times reported, the people of Punjab no longer feared the Sikh rebels or gangs, but instead feared the army and police. Patricia Gossman describes Gill as having a goal to eliminate, not merely arrest, militant Sikh leaders and members. KPS Gill also expanded a bounty system of rewards for police who killed known militants – a practice that encouraged

3922-449: The security forces using "increasingly brutal methods to stem the militant movement, resulting in widespread human rights violations." Thousands of civilians and suspected militants were summarily executed in "staged" encounter killings. Many "disappeared" while in police custody and thousands were detained without trial and subjected to torture. The post-1991 period coincides with Gill's second tenure as Director General of Punjab police. It

3996-529: The sobriquet 'supercop' in Punjab, made him "unpopular" among influential sections of the population in Assam and called him "a controversial figure". While Director General of police in Assam, Gill was charged with kicking a demonstrator to death, but was acquitted by the Delhi High Court. Gill lived in the northeast region of India for 28 years, returning to his home state of Punjab in 1984. He has been called

4070-579: The special aptitude and martial qualities of the Sikhs, the present ratio of their strength in the Army should be maintained. (f) The excesses being committed on the settlers in the Tarai region of the Uttar Pradesh in the name of Land Reforms should be vacated by making suitable amendments in the ceiling law on the Central guidelines. Resolution No. 3 (Economic Policy Resolution) The chief sources of inspiration of

4144-499: The state a quasi-independent status and to leave only foreign relations, defence, currency and general communications to be subject to the jurisdiction of the Indian government . Indira Gandhi, the leader of a rival to the SAD, the Indian National Congress (INC), viewed the Anandpur Sahib Resolution as a secessionist document . The document reached prominence in the 1980s when the SAD and Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale joined hands to launch

4218-466: The state as would turn it into the leading state during the next ten years by raising per capita income to Rs. 3,000 and by generating an economic growth rate of 7% per annum as against 4% at the national level. The Shiromani Akali Dal gives first priority to the redrafting of the taxation structure in such a way that the burden of taxation is shifted from the poor to the richer classes and an equitable distribution of national income ensured. The main plank of

4292-522: The state of Gujarat after 2002 Gujarat violence . Gujarat Chief minister Narendra Modi , commenting on his appointment, stated, "It is good to have an experienced person such as Gill as my security advisor. Gill had very effectively tackled the Punjab terrorism problem." He requested deployment of 1,000 extra specially-trained riot police from Punjab state to combat the violence. He was credited with controlling violence after his appointment. He arrived in Gujarat on 3 May 2002 He subsequently blamed

4366-463: The sub-committee took place at Amritsar . The venue then shifted to Chandigarh where the committee completed its task in ten successive meetings. Counsel was available to the sub-committee of Sirdar Kapur Singh , whose impress was carried by the draft emerging from its deliberations. The document was adopted unanimously by the working committee of the Shiromani Akali Dal at a meeting held at Anandpur Sahib on 16–17 October 1973 and came to be known as

4440-570: The top two executives, Gill and the Secretary-General, did not even talk to one another. There were rumours that the secretary general of the IHF, leader of the anti-Gill faction, would also resign. Less than a month after the qualification failure, in April 2008, Aaj Tak Television reported that it had caught the Secretary-General of the IHF taking a bribe on camera to choose a player in a sting. There were renewed calls for Gill to resign. After

4514-612: The true path who labors honestly and shares with others the fruits of that labor." This way of life is based upon three basic principles: The Shiromani Akali Dal calls upon the Central and the State governments to eradicate unemployment during the next ten years. While pursuing this aim, special emphasis should be laid on amelioration the lot of the weaker sections, scheduled and depressed classes, workers, landless and poor farmers and urban poor farmers and urban poor. Minimum wages must be fixed for all of them. The Shiromani Akali Dal urges Punjab government to draw up such an economic plan for

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4588-472: The unity and integrity of the country and, further, to enable the states to play a useful role for the progress and prosperity of the Indian people in their respective areas by a meaningful exercise of their powers. Resolution No. 2 This momentous meeting of the Shiromani Akali Dal calls upon the Government of India to examine carefully the long tale of the excesses, wrongs, illegal actions committed [against

4662-536: The urban and rural areas to the Scheduled Castes. The Shiromani Akali Dal also calls for the rapid diversification of farming. The shortcomings in the Land Reforms Laws should be removed, rapid industrialization of the State ensured, credit facilities for the medium industries expanded and unemployment allowance given to those who are unemployed. For remunerative farming, perceptible reduction should be made in

4736-682: Was a statement with a list of demands made by a Punjabi Sikh political party, the Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD), in 1973. After the tenure of Chief Minister Gurnam Singh in the Punjab , which was newly demarcated in 1966, the SAD captured only one seat at the elections to the Indian Parliament in 1971 from Punjab's 13 seats. In the Punjab Assembly, after the March 1972 Punjab election , their tally

4810-411: Was an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. He served twice as DGP for the state of Punjab , India, where he is credited with having brought the Punjab insurgency under control. While many see him as a hero, there are accusations that he and the forces under his command were responsible for "multiple cases of human rights violation", "in the name of" stamping out terrorism. He was also convicted in

4884-453: Was commanded by Kanwar Pal Singh Gill who was the DGP of Punjab Police . Snipers were used in this operation. Soon civilians and militants surrendered. Compared to Operation Blue Star , little damage was inflicted on the Golden Temple. In what was reported as a successful operation, around 200 militants surrendered, 41 were killed. Gill stated that he did not want to repeat the mistakes made by

4958-531: Was educated at St. Edward's School, Shimla and received a degree in English literature from Panjab University Gill joined the Indian Police Service in 1958 and was assigned to the Assam and Meghalaya states in northeast India. In the early 1980s, Gill served as Inspector General of Police in Assam. Vinayak Ganapathy, writing for rediff.com in 2003, noted Gill's no-nonsense style of functioning, which earned him

5032-417: Was formed without input from anti-terrorism experts, and that the country lacked a national security policy. Gill received a Padma Shri award, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in 1989 for his work in the civil service. Gill wrote his first book Punjab: The Knights of Falsehood in 1997 (reprinted in 2008 in paperback), covering the Punjab insurgency . The book received positive reception in

5106-535: Was killed and two were injured. All of those who were arrested were released a few months after the Operation on account of a lack of evidence.The operation, which lasted eight hours, was approved by then Chief minister of Punjab Surjit Singh Barnala of Shiromani Akali Dal . There were heavy negative reactions to the Operation. Parkash Singh Badal and Amrinder Singh along with 27 Akali MLAs broke from Barnala's party and formed their own party. Soon after SGPC president Gurcharan Singh Tohra joined them. Barnala

5180-574: Was later ostracised by the Sikhs for his role in the operation. Years later he submitted to the Akal Takht Jathedar who made Barnala serve devotees in the Golden temple and other historic gurdwaras to atone for his mistakes. Operation Black Thunder II (sometimes referred to as Operation Black Thunder) began on 9 May 1988 in Amritsar and ended with the surrender of the militants on 18 May. The operation

5254-695: Was reduced to 24 seats out of 117, and the Punjab government passed into the hands of the Congress Party , with Giani Zail Singh as chief minister. Following its defeat, the SAD appointed a sub-committee on 11 December 1972 to reflect upon the situation and to reiterate and clarify the party platform . The sub-committee consisted of Surjit Singh Barnala , Gurcharan Singh Tohra , Jiwan Singh Umranangal , Gurmeet Singh, Dr. Bhagat Singh, Balwant Singh , Gian Singh Rarewala , Amar Singh Ambalavi, Prem Singh Lalpura , Jaswinder Singh Brar , Bhag Singh, and Major General Gurbakhsh Singh of Badhani. The first meeting of

5328-597: Was under control of the Union Home Ministry and had been planned since early 1988. In early 1988 the government created a model of the Golden Temple in the Aravalli Hills where National Security Guards practiced the operation. They later practiced the Operation in a high school and college in Harayana . The Special Action Group commandos had already started to grow their hair so they could blend in as Sikhs during

5402-539: Was usurped. It was then that the programme of decentralization of powers ever advocated by Shiromani Akali Dal was openly accepted and adopted by other political parties including Janata Party, C.P.I. (M), D.M.K., etc. Shiromani Akali Dal has ever stood firm on this principle and that is why after a very careful consideration it unanimously adopted a resolution to this effect first at the All India Akali Conference, Batala, then at Anandpur Sahib which has endorsed

5476-467: Was written that the rush of claiming cash rewards is turning police into mercenaries. Besides the rewards for killing militants (annual outlay for the purpose: ₹ 1.13 crore [$ 338,000]), the department gives 'unannounced rewards' for killing unlisted militants. Jaswant Singh Khalra was a human rights activist who was taken into custody by Punjab Police on 6 September 1995. Human Rights Watch reported that an 11 September 1995 writ of habeas corpus from

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