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50-559: Northumbrian Water Group plc ( NWG ) is the holding company for several companies in the water supply, sewerage and waste water industries. Its largest subsidiary is Northumbrian Water Limited (NWL), which is one of ten companies in England and Wales that are regulated water supply and sewerage utilities. NWL is the principal water supplier in the north-east of England, where it trades as Northumbrian Water, and also supplies water to part of eastern England, as Essex and Suffolk Water . In 2011 it

100-643: A registration county . There was an Ayrshire constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 1868, when the constituency was divided into Ayrshire North and Ayrshire South . During the whole of the 1708 to 1868 period, and until 1950, the burghs of Ayr and Irvine were parliamentary burghs , represented as components of Ayr Burghs . In 1832 Kilmarnock became

150-594: A cost of £823m. The following year, it merged NEW into NWL—which thus became responsible for all water supply in the region, except for the Hartlepool area—and in 2000 it merged Essex & Suffolk Water into NWL. In May 2003 Suez , who had acquired Lyonnaise by merger in 1997, sold 75% of NWG to a consortium of private investors, and the company was listed on the London Stock Exchange in September 2003. In 2011 it

200-477: A large manufacturing plant near Ayr from about 1976 until the company was taken over by Compaq in 1998. Some supplier companies grew up to service this site and the more distant IBM plant at Greenock in Renfrewshire . Scotland's aviation industry has long been based in and around Prestwick and its international airport , and although aircraft manufacture ceased at the former British Aerospace plant in 1998,

250-545: A parliamentary burgh, to be represented as a component of Kilmarnock Burghs until 1918. Ayr Burghs and Kilmarnock Burghs were districts of burghs , and quite different in character from later Ayr and Kilmarnock constituencies. From 1918 to 1983 Ayrshire and Buteshire were treated as if a single area for purposes of parliamentary representation, with their combined area being divided into different constituencies at different times. Scottish local government counties were abolished in 1975, in favour of regions and districts , but

300-466: A period of 12 weeks in the summer, when the reservoirs supplying Honey Hill are unable to meet the full demand. Ayrshire Ayrshire ( Scottish Gaelic : Siorrachd Inbhir Àir , pronounced [ˈʃirˠəxk iɲiˈɾʲaːɾʲ] ) is a historic county and registration county , in south-west Scotland , located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde . The lieutenancy area of Ayrshire and Arran covers

350-617: A significant number of aviation companies are still based on the Prestwick site. However, unemployment in the region (excluding the more rural South Ayrshire) is above the national average. Throughout the 17th century, huge numbers of people from Ayrshire moved to Ulster , the northern province in Ireland , as part of the Plantation of Ulster , many of them with surnames such as Burns, Hamilton, Morrow, Stewart, Flanagan, Kennedy and Cunningham. Today,

400-509: A small area in north Northumberland, centred on the towns of Berwick and Wooler which has no access to stored water and its water supplies come entirely from an aquifer in the underlying Fell Sandstone , from which water is abstracted via boreholes . 99% of the population served by Northumbrian Water is in the Kielder zone, so named from Kielder Water , the largest reservoir in NW's region. The zone

450-532: Is a direct connection between the tunnel and Mosswood treatment works and further access is provided at Waskerley via a submersible pump in the tunnel's airshaft . If water is to be transferred, it is abstracted from the Tyne at Riding Mill, a compensating discharge being made from Kielder Water into the North Tyne. From Riding Mill, the water is pumped up the rising main to Letch House, from where it flows downhill through

500-577: Is by far the largest of NWG's subsidiaries. In 2010 it accounted for £657.8m out of the Group's total revenue of £704.7m (93%), and for £268.9m out of total operating profit of £275.8m (97%), and employed 2,930 of the Group's 3,105 employees (94%). NWL holds an Appointment under the Water Act 1989 as a water and sewerage undertaker. The Appointment covers two areas: Although the Instrument of Appointment covers both

550-544: Is sited across the A67 from Broken Scar. This Victorian facility, which closed in 1980, is still owned by Northumbrian Water, but is now opened as a museum by a Preservation Trust. It contains a 1904-built rotative beam engine , and a 1914 gas engine, believed to be the largest working preserved example in Europe. The Kielder Transfer Scheme provides a means to utilise the excess capacity of Kielder Water to meet shortfalls in either of

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600-405: Is split into three supply zones, Northern, Central and Southern, which correspond broadly to the catchment areas of the rivers Tyne , Wear and Tees respectively, each of which incorporates one of the region's three conurbations. Under normal circumstances, each zone is self-sufficient in water resources, but provision exists to transfer water from the northern zone to either of the others, via

650-508: Is supplied to the treatment works either from a nearby reservoir or by abstraction from one of the major rivers. In the latter case, the flow of the river has to be maintained by discharging water from a reservoir further upstream. The major reservoir in the Northern zone is Kielder Water . Others include: Fontburn , on the River Font , which feeds an adjacent treatment works; and Catcleugh , on

700-525: Is the major partner in a joint venture with the Government of Gibraltar (AquaGib) that operates the territory's dual drinking water and sea water distribution systems. Other minor activities include consultancy (SA Agrer NV) and vehicle leasing services. NWG's present chairman is Andrew Hunter. The Group's chief executive is Heidi Mottram OBE, who was appointed in April 2010. She previously held senior positions in

750-590: The Ayrshire and Arran lieutenancy area . The largest settlement in Ayrshire by population is Kilmarnock , closely followed by Ayr , the county town . Ayrshire is roughly crescent-shaped and is a predominantly flat county with areas of low hills; it forms part of the Southern Uplands geographic region of Scotland. The north of the county contains the main towns and bulk of the population. East of Largs can be found

800-496: The County of Bute . For lieutenancy purposes, the last lord-lieutenant of the county of Ayrshire was made lord-lieutenant for the combined area of the four districts when the reforms came into effect in 1975, with the lieutenancy area being renamed Ayrshire and Arran in 1996. In 1996 the two-tier system of regions and districts was abolished and Ayrshire was divided between the unitary council areas of East Ayrshire (covering

850-565: The North Yorkshire Moors , are no longer used for water supply and serve purely as recreational facilities. Water is abstracted from the Tees for treatment at the Broken Scar treatment works, near Low Coniscliffe on the outskirts of Darlington , and for industrial water at Blackwell , just downstream from Broken Scar, and Low Worsall , near Kirklevington . Tees Cottage Pumping Station

900-558: The River Rede , which is connected by the Rede pipeline with Gunnerton treatment works, 27 miles (44 km) downstream. Catcleugh is also at the start of a sequence that includes reservoirs at Colt Crag , two at Hallington and a complex of seven at Whittle Dene , where there is also a treatment works. Within the Northern zone, water is abstracted from the North Tyne at Barrasford and from

950-554: The Ulster Scots dialect is largely an offshoot of the version of Lowland Scots spoken in Ayrshire. The Ulster Scots dialect is still widely spoken throughout County Antrim and in parts of County Down and County Londonderry , as well as still being widely spoken in West Tír Eoghain and parts of County Donegal (chiefly East Donegal and Inishowen ). Commissioners of Supply were created in 1667 for each shire, and formed

1000-522: The council areas of East Ayrshire , North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire . It has a population of approximately 366,800. The electoral and valuation area named Ayrshire covers the three council areas of East Ayrshire, North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire, therefore covering the whole historic county of Ayrshire but also including the Isle of Arran , Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae from the historic county of Buteshire . The three council areas together also form

1050-598: The 13th century or earlier, and which may have been the birthplace of Robert the Bruce . The historic shire or sheriffdom of Ayr was divided into three districts or bailieries which later made up the county of Ayrshire. The three districts were: The area used to be heavily industrialised, with steel making , coal mining and in Kilmarnock numerous examples of production-line manufacturing, most famously Johnnie Walker whisky. In more recent history, Digital Equipment had

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1100-569: The Central and Southern zones. The heart of the scheme is a 21-mile-long (34 km) tunnel, the Tyne-Tees Tunnel, through which water flows under gravity to outfalls at Frosterley on the Wear and at Eggleston on the Tees. The tunnel is fed by a pipeline, nearly 4 miles long and 6.5 ft (2 metres) in diameter, between Riding Mill , on the Tyne, and Letch House, the high point in the system. There

1150-421: The Central zone, the main reservoirs are Derwent and Burnhope ; other, smaller reservoirs are at Tunstall and Waskerley , both on Waskerley Beck, and at Smiddy Shaw and Hisehope . Derwent reservoir supplies Mosswood treatment works, 2 miles (4 km) away, and Burnhope supplies Wear Valley treatment works at Wearhead . With the opening of the new Wear Valley works, in 2004, an older facility at Tunstall

1200-642: The Firth of Clyde are part of Ayrshire, the chief of these being Horse Isle , Lady Isle and Ailsa Craig . The main rivers flowing to the Clyde coast are, from north to south, the following: The area that today forms Ayrshire was part of the area south of the Antonine Wall which was briefly occupied by the Romans during the reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius (see: Roman Britain#Occupation and retreat from southern Scotland ). It

1250-516: The Kielder Transfer Scheme. The zone's water supplies are supported by a system of impounding reservoirs, river pumping stations, and water treatment works. There are 29 impounding reservoirs, of which three—Kielder, Derwent and Cow Green — account for 78% of the available capacity of nearly 360,000 million litres; Kielder Water , with a capacity of 196,000 million litres, alone accounts for 55% of available resources. Water

1300-811: The Renfrewshire Heights, which continue south to the hill-country around Blae Loch . Southern Ayrshire shares with the Galloway counties some rugged hill country known as the Galloway Hills . These hills lie to the west of the A713 (Ayr to Castle Douglas road) and they run south from the Loch Doon area almost to the Solway Firth . To the east of this route through the hills lie the Carsphairn and Scaur Hills which lie to

1350-510: The Tyne at Ovingham , with discharges from Kielder Water ensuring that the minimum regulated flow is maintained in the two rivers. From Barrasford, water is pumped to West Hallington reservoir, while water abstracted at Ovingham is used to supply Horsley treatment works and can also be used to replenish the Whittle Dene complex. The treatment works at Horsley and Whittle Dean jointly meet the needs of Tyneside and south-east Northumberland. In

1400-510: The area controlled by the county council when it was created in 1890, being deemed capable of running their own services. In 1930 the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 was implemented. This brought Ayr and Kilmarnock under the control of the county council, and re-designated all burghs as either large burghs or small burghs . Ayr and Kilmarnock were both classed as large burghs, allowing them to retain control of many functions, whilst

1450-402: The area of the former Kilmarnock & Loudoun District and Cumnock & Doon Valley District), North Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Cunninghame District Council) and South Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Kyle and Carrick District). The boundaries of the historic county of Ayrshire are still used for some limited official purposes connected with land registration, being

1500-435: The county council was abolished and its functions were transferred to Strathclyde Regional Council . The county area was divided between four new districts within the two-tier Strathclyde region : Cumnock and Doon Valley , Cunninghame , Kilmarnock and Loudoun and Kyle and Carrick . The Cunninghame district included the Isle of Arran , Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae , which had until then been administered as part of

1550-573: The county's other burghs were all classed as small burghs, ceding many functions to the county council. The 1929 act also abolished the parish councils. In Ayrshire in excess of 30 parishes were consolidated into ten district councils . The District Councils were Ayr, Cumnock, Dalmellington, Girvan, Irvine, Kilbirnie, Kilmarnock, Maybole, Troon and Saltcoats. Ayrshire County Council was based at County Buildings in Wellington Square in Ayr. In May 1975

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1600-608: The creation of any new constituency names. A number of railway lines connect the towns of northern Ayrshire to each other and also to Glasgow, as well as south to Stranraer and south-east to Dumfries . Ferries link Ayrshire to the islands of Arran and Great Cumbrae in Buteshire . Glasgow Prestwick International Airport , serving Glasgow and the west of Scotland more generally, is located 32 miles (51 km) away from Glasgow in Ayrshire; it provides various passenger flights to Spain, Portugal, Italy and Poland. The name Glasgow

1650-471: The entirety of the historic county as well as the island of Arran, formerly part of the historic county of Buteshire . Its principal towns include Ayr , Kilmarnock and Irvine and it borders the counties of Renfrewshire and Lanarkshire to the north-east, Dumfriesshire to the south-east, and Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire to the south. Like many other counties of Scotland, it currently has no administrative function, instead being sub-divided into

1700-477: The event that neither Burnhope nor Tunstall can satisfy regulatory discharges to meet the minimum maintained flow on the Wear, water can be transferred into the Wear via the Kielder Transfer Scheme, which can also be used to supplement or replace water from Derwent reservoir or to replenish Waskerley reservoir. Coastal parts of the Central zone, including Sunderland , are supplied with drinking water from boreholes and shafts that abstract groundwater from aquifers in

1750-433: The main administrative body for the area until county councils were created in 1890 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 . The 1889 act also led to a review of boundaries of many of Scotland's counties; in the case of Ayrshire the two parishes of Beith and Dunlop , which had both straddled Ayrshire and Renfrewshire , were brought entirely within Ayrshire. The burghs of Ayr and Kilmarnock were both excluded from

1800-439: The next reform of constituency boundaries was not until 1983. Constituencies covering Ayrshire may be listed by periods as below, but the story is somewhat more complicated than the lists may imply: until 1918, Ayr Burghs and Kilmarnock Burghs included burghs lying outside both Ayrshire and Buteshire; a particular constituency name may represent different boundaries in different periods; in 1974, there were boundary changes without

1850-614: The northern and southern areas, for operational purposes NWL treats them as separate trading divisions, Northumbrian Water and Essex & Suffolk Water. NWG is involved in two projects to build and operate waste water treatment plants in Scotland, one at Levenmouth (Caledonian Environmental) and three in Ayrshire (Ayr Environmental). It also operates a waste water treatment plant for Cork City Council, in Ireland (Northumbrian Water Projects), and

1900-601: The opening of the market in April 2017 (except for customers who pre-registered to switch retailer upon the market opening). This chart shows the structure of the Northumbrian Water group (the Group) up to its ultimate parent, CK Hutchison Holdings Limited, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. The chart shows the principal intermediate holding companies, which are wholly owned unless otherwise shown. NWL

1950-499: The rail industry and was appointed an OBE in the 2010 New Year honours list, for services to the rail industry. Northumbrian Water Northumbrian Water Limited is a private limited company registered in England and Wales under company number 2366703, incorporated in this form in 1989. Northumbrian Water's operations cover an area of 9,400 km and extend from the urban conurbations of Tyneside , Wearside and Teesside to

2000-443: The south east of Dalmellington and south of New Cumnock . Glen Afton runs deep into these hills. Ayrshire is one of the most agriculturally fertile regions of Scotland. Potatoes are grown in fields near the coast, using seaweed-based fertiliser, and in addition the region produces pork products, other root vegetables, and cattle (see below); and summer berries such as strawberries are grown abundantly. A number of small islands in

2050-411: The sparsely populated rural districts of Durham and Northumberland. A small area around Hartlepool is excluded from NW's water supply licence; this area is supplied by Hartlepool Water , a water-only company. The total population served by NW is 2.7m people using: NW's operations are split between two resource zones: Berwick and Fowberry resource zone; and Kielder resource zone. This zone covers

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2100-466: The tunnel. Under normal conditions, transfers to the Wear and the Tees are not required, as Tunstall and Burnhope reservoirs are usually able to meet the demand for compensating flows on the Wear and Cow Green is able to meet demands on the Tees; since the Scheme became operational, transfers to the Tees have only been required in two years, 1983 and 1989. Transfers to the Central zone are usually required for

2150-849: The underlying Magnesian limestone. The largest reservoir in the Southern zone is Cow Green, in upper Teesdale, which is used solely to regulate flow in the River Tees. There are two chains of reservoirs on the Lune and the Balder , tributaries of the Tees, which in combination supply a water treatment works at Lartington , just south of Cotherstone . The main reservoirs are Selset and Grassholme in Lunedale , and Balderhead , Blackton and Hury in Baldersdale . Two further reservoirs, at Lockwood Beck and Scaling Dam , on

2200-409: The water and sewerage activities were vested in a subsidiary company, Northumbrian Water Limited (NWL), while three much smaller subsidiaries were set up to handle other activities, such as solid and liquid waste treatment and environmental consultancy. In November 1989, NWG was privatised, along with the other regional water companies established under the 1989 Act. In 1995, Lyonnaise acquired NWG at

2250-523: Was acquired by Cheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings . In 1974, the Northumbrian Water Authority (NWA), one of ten public sector regional water authorities created under the Water Act 1973 , was formed and became responsible for sewerage and some water supply functions that had previously been split among over 80 local authorities and water undertakings. Water supply to more than half the region

2300-476: Was acquired by Cheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings . Northumbrian Water Limited (NWL) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Northumbrian Water Group Limited (NWGL). NWGL has two other direct subsidiaries, NWG Commercial Solutions Limited, which acts as a holding company for other non-regulated trading companies, and NWG Business Limited, which carries out non-household retail activities in England and in Scotland and to which NWL’s non-household customer base transferred at

2350-454: Was closed, and Tunstall reservoir is now used solely to maintain regulated flow on the Wear. The reservoirs at Waskerley, Hisehope and Smiddy Shaw supply Honey Hill treatment works, which lies just below Smiddy Shaw; Honey Hill is also supplied from Burnhope. Water is abstracted from the Wear at Chester-le-Street to supply a treatment works at Great Lumley , the minimum flow being maintained through discharges from Burnhope or Tunstall. In

2400-722: Was inhabited by the Damnonii , who are presumed to have been Britons . Later, it formed part of the British Kingdom of Strathclyde , which was incorporated into the Kingdom of Scotland during the 11th century. In 1263, the Scots successfully drove off the Norwegian leidang -army in a skirmish known as the Battle of Largs . A notable historic building in Ayrshire is Turnberry Castle , which dates from

2450-564: Was left in the hands of three existing statutory water companies (SWC): In 1988, the Newcastle & Gateshead and Sunderland & South Shields companies were acquired in two separate operations by Lyonnaise des Eaux et de l'Eclairage (Lyonnaise), a company listed on the Paris Bourse , for £39.1m and £35.9m respectively. In 1992, the Newcastle company was merged into the Sunderland company, which

2500-491: Was renamed North East Water (NEW). In 1988, Lyonnaise acquired two further SWCs, Essex Water Company and Suffolk Water Company (formerly East Anglian Water Company) and, in 1994, merged them to form Essex & Suffolk Water . Under the Water Act 1989 , as part of the UK Government's privatisation programme for the water industry , NWA's operations were transferred to a holding company , Northumbrian Water Group (NWG);

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