Misplaced Pages

#154845

139-764: The commission is currently headed by Hon. Nasir Isa Kwarra. The Commission is composed of a policy-making body consisting of 37 Federal Commissioners who are organized into different Standing Committees. The Commission is led by a Chairman, while the administrative head is the Director-General. Departments within the Commission include Cartography, Census, Finance & Accounts, Human Resources and Administration, ICT, Audit, Population Management and Development, Planning and Research, Population Studies, Public Affairs, Procurement, Special Duties, Vital Registration, and Legal Services, General Services. The State offices are headed by

278-631: A Supreme Court , a standard time, a common currency, and a common civil service; he introduced all the necessities needed for infrastructure in a modern state. More importantly, he laid the foundations of continuous legislative assemblies in Nigeria by establishing the Nigerian council in 1914. It consisted of the Governor, Chief Secretary and a few nominated members who met to listen to government policies and give their advice. Unfortunately, it legislated only for

417-741: A permanent secretary , who is a senior civil servant. The ministries are responsible for various parastatals (government-owned corporations), such as universities , the National Broadcasting Commission, and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation . However, some parastatals are the responsibility of the Office of the Presidency, such as the Independent National Electoral Commission ,

556-565: A 25 percent reduction in HIV adult prevalence." The 2022 population policy for Nigeria, named the Revised National Policy on Population for Sustainable Development was launched on 4 February 2022, by President Muhammadu Buhari . The policy is built on top of the background of Nigeria's sustained high fertility rate. To reverse it, the policy plans to increase access to modern family planning methods, birth spacing, and counseling. The outcome of

695-456: A consequence of this, there has been a great deal of corruption in Nigerian politics and general life. A good sign of democracy in Nigeria is the fact that elections are becoming less fraudulent and there is more party competition. Another indicator of a strong democracy is the presence of a civil society in which citizens have the right to act and speak freely in concert with a strong use of media for everyday life. Furthermore, Nigeria has seen

834-460: A credible population census. Population census in Nigeria carries political and religious implications, thus, some Nigerians, especially of Northern extraction rose in opposition to his comments. Governor of Kano State in Northern Nigeria, Rabiu Kwankwaso , visited President at the time Goodluck Jonathan and demanded the dismissal of Odimegwu. He was issued a query, and later forced to resign

973-486: A democratic state. Nigeria is hoping to gain a permanent seat on the UN Security Council in the near future. Despite these achievements, Nigeria continues to face challenges in its foreign relations, such as the fight against terrorism and insurgency in the region, the challenge of migration and human trafficking, and the need to increase economic cooperation and integration with its neighbors. Nigeria's media scene

1112-640: A fresh start in Africa. Around 1880, a group of Swahili traders under Mlozi bin Kazbadema established trading bases in the north-west sector of Lake Malawi , including a stockade at Chilumba on the lake from where ivory and slaves could be shipped across the lake. In 1883 the African Lakes Company set up a base in Karonga to exchange ivory for trade goods from these Swahili merchants . Relations between

1251-420: A great number of citizens who have lost their jobs and source of income. In response to this, the federal government passed economic stimulus packages to promote important production sectors such as agriculture and oil. The government also passed food assistance measures and cash transfers to aid those in poverty who are going hungry. They also pushed for fundraising efforts to secure funds from donors to support

1390-669: A great number of parties as a direct result of corruption and chaos that has ensued in Nigeria surrounding the federal government and elections for years. The vast number of parties has proved to be difficult to monitor. The two major parties are the Peoples Democratic Party and the All Progressives Congress , both of which have held the presidency and seats in the National Assembly for extended periods of time. As opposed to parties in other nations that represent

1529-651: A hand in the present disunity of Nigeria till today. An example is the exclusion of the North from the Legislative Council until 1947. "Thus, it can be said that Lugard sowed the seeds of separatist tendency which has still plagued Nigerian unity". Lugard was also partly responsible for the backwardness in the education and other social services of the Northerners And this is the reason for the South's advance in education over

SECTION 10

#1732851172155

1668-467: A heightened use of media within the realm of political issues, particularly with the recent [Special Anti-Robbery Squad] SARS protest, indicating a sense of freedom for the public to voice their opinions to the government and the world. According to the 2020 World Press Freedom Index , Nigeria is the 115th most free nation in the world. It has been noted as a nation with perpetuating violence against freedom of speech and press. Nigeria has been found to be

1807-635: A key role in drafting a Commission report that exonerated Richardson's governance of Western Samoa and placed the blame of the Western Samoa unrest on the anti-colonial activist Olaf Frederick Nelson . During this period he served first on the Temporary Slavery Commission and was involved in organising the 1926 Slavery Convention . He had submitted a proposal for the convention to the British government. Although they were initially alarmed by it,

1946-688: A large area of the country. He also visited Lake Albert and brought away some thousands of Sudanese who had been left there by Emin Pasha and H. M. Stanley during the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition . When Lugard returned to England in 1892, he successfully dissuaded Prime Minister William Gladstone from allowing the IBEAC to abandon Uganda. In 1894, Lugard was dispatched by the Royal Niger Company to Borgu , where he secured treaties with

2085-549: A late-born child in the family of nations, and must as yet be schooled in the discipline of the nursery." Lugard was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1895. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 1901 New Year Honours and raised to a Knight Grand Cross (GCMG) in 1911. He was appointed to the Privy Council in

2224-468: A loss from the colonies in this period). In addition, these resources and inexpensive native labour (slavery having been abolished by Britain in 1833 ) would provide vital fuel for the industrial revolution in resource-depleted Britain, as well as monies for public works projects. Finally, Lugard reasoned that colonisation had become a fad and that, in order to remain a global power, Britain would need to hold colonies to avoid appearing weak. William Rappard

2363-540: A military system—unlike William MacGregor , a doctor turned governor, who mixed with all ranks of people and listened to what was wanted. The Lugard who opposed "native education" later became involved in Hong Kong University , and the man who disliked traders and businessmen became a director of a Nigerian bank. When the British Government decided to raise a local militia to protect the western frontier of

2502-677: A military takeover of the democratically elected government of Nigeria. The commission was re-established by the National Population Commission Decree No. 23 of 1989, which is now known as the National Population Act, CAP – No_67, Law of the Federal Government of Nigeria (LFN) 2004. The 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) , under section 153 (i) (j) and part of (i) (j) of

2641-559: A minister in the Federal Cabinet . Nigeria has 24 Federal Ministries. The president must include at least one member from each of the 36 states in his cabinet. The president's appointments are confirmed by the Senate of Nigeria . In some cases, a federal minister is responsible for more than one ministry (for example, Environment and Housing may be combined), or a minister may be assisted by one or more ministers of state. Each ministry also has

2780-477: A recent rise in citizen-created, and in particular youth-led groups that are taking action against Boko Haram to protect themselves and their communities. Both the actions of Boko Haram and the government's efforts to combat terrorism have led to a growing refugee crisis in Nigeria. Nigeria's membership in the British Commonwealth began in 1960 and was suspended from 1995 to 1999 when the country became

2919-520: A salary equivalent to over $ 2,200 USD a month, supplemented by expenses of $ 37,500 USD a month (2018 figures). The judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court of Nigeria , the Court of Appeals , the high courts , and other trial courts such as the magistrates ', customary , Sharia and other specialized courts. The National Judicial Council serves as an independent executive body, insulating

SECTION 20

#1732851172155

3058-409: A slew of political opinions that the public can align themselves with, parties in Nigeria act more so as a means through which prominent figures can gain power and influence, and there are so many because they often switch parties to find the one to give them the best chance of achieving authority. Political parties have been an important aspect of Nigerian government both before and after independence

3197-560: A state under military rule. It was reinstated in 1999 when democracy was established with the Presidential Constitution and Fourth Republic of Nigeria, and it remains a part of the Commonwealth to this day. The Commonwealth Secretariat aims to help Nigeria detect and deter corruption within its federal government. In 2018, they taught numerous government officials and financial officers how to combat and condemn corruption within

3336-686: A tendency for people in Nigeria to support parties based on ethnic of religious divisions, particularly along the Muslim-Christian line of division. The 18 political parties are: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. The president and members of

3475-564: A university in Hong Kong. In 1912, Lugard returned to Nigeria as Governor of the two protectorates . His mission was to combine the two colonies into one. Although controversial in Lagos , where it was opposed by a large section of the political class and the media, the amalgamation did not arouse passion in the rest of the country because the people were unaware of the implications. Lugard took scant notice of public opinion, neither did he feel there

3614-407: A vulnerable nation, both at risk of modern slavery and corruption. The nation is vulnerable due to the effects of inner conflict and governance issues. Freedom House has rated Nigeria as a "partly free" nation. In the last presidential election, the process was tainted by violence, intimidation and vote buying, which have been prevalent in many of the recent elections within Nigeria. Similarly, in

3753-493: A way to protect missionaries, local chiefs and local people from each other, as well as from foreign powers. For Lugard, it was also vital that Britain gain control of unclaimed areas before Germany , Portugal or France claimed the land and its resources for themselves. He realised that there were vast profits to be made through the export of resources such as rubber, and through taxation of native populations as well as importers and exporters (the British taxpayer continually made

3892-507: A year into his four-year tenure. The 1952/1953 census was staggered and this made the comparability of data between regions difficult. In Northern Nigeria for instance, it was conducted from May to July 1952, while the West and Mid-West, it was held in December 1952, and January 1953, respectively. With World War II disrupting the previous cycle of the decennial census, many Nigerians were suspicious of

4031-413: Is Bola Tinubu, who was elected in 2023, and the current vice president is Kashim Shettima. The executive branch is divided into Federal Ministries , each headed by a minister appointed by the president , Federal Ministries are those civil service departments which were made responsible for delivering various types of government service and each ministry is headed by a permanent secretary who reports to

4170-412: Is a lack of women elected into the government, and same-sex relationships were criminalized in 2014. The Nigerian federal government's officials like the president and legislators are elected to enact policy and laws, and are usually allowed to do so without interruption, but in recent years, their ability to legislate has been marred by corruption and instability. Corruption has been a major problem for

4309-516: Is a list of substantive chairmen of the National Population Commission of Nigeria. Below is a list of all the present 37 federal commissioners who make up the policy-making body of the National Population Commission. The National Population Commission (NPC) is a Nigerian government agency established by Section 140 (1) of the 1979 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. However, it was suspended on 31 December 1983, following

National Population Commission - Misplaced Pages Continue

4448-514: Is a member of the African Union and sits on that organization's Peace and Security Council . The current minister of foreign affairs of Nigeria is Yusuf Tuggar . Much of Nigeria's foreign affairs , both during the colonial era and post-independence has relied on oil-production. Nigeria's relationships with both its continental neighbors in Africa and throughout the world have improved a great deal since it has transitioned from military rule to

4587-422: Is allowed in Nigeria, however, the government and even non-governmental organizations have been known to violently respond to groups that openly dissent to the federal government. Religion is a contentious topic in Nigeria because of heated, ongoing conflicts between Christians and Muslims within the state. Freedom House rated the Nigerian federal government well in the category of allowing academic freedom, and

4726-707: Is based on the rule of law , the independence of the judiciary , and British common law (due to the long history of British colonial influence ). The common law in the legal system is similar to common-law systems used in England and Wales and other Commonwealth countries . The constitutional framework for the legal system is provided by the Constitution of Nigeria . The major influences on Nigeria's legal system are: The two fundamental sources of Nigerian law through legislation are: (1) Acts of British parliament, popularly referred to as statutes of general application during

4865-602: Is characterized by state and private broadcasters, popular international brands like the BBC and CC and more than a 100 national and local print titles state and private broadcasters. Radio and televised media in Nigeria is mostly state-owned by the National Broadcasting Commission . This is often used as a tactic of the government to assert control over and sway public opinion in favor of the incumbent party and his policies. However, most newspaper are privately owned and

5004-426: Is composed of three distinct branches: the executive , the legislative , and the judicial , whose powers are vested and bestowed upon by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria . One of the primary functions of the constitution is that it provides for separation and balance of powers among the three branches and aims to prevent the repetition of past mistakes made by the government . Other functions of

5143-405: Is elected through universal suffrage which is regarded as more than a privilege extended by the state to its citizenry, and it is rather thought of as an inalienable right that inheres to every adult citizen by virtue of citizenship. In democracies it is the primary means of ensuring that governments are responsible to the governed. The president is head of both the state and government, and heads

5282-509: Is exemplified by the vast number of legitimate parties seen in elections. Similarly, Nigerian opposition parties have a legitimate chance to participate in politics and win official positions. In regards to freedom of political expression, Freedom House indicates that opinions and institutions are often heavily influenced by non-governmental, external entities or individuals. In Nigeria, all ethnic groups and religious backgrounds have an equal opportunity to participate in politics, however, there

5421-484: Is further divided into local government areas (LGAs). These states and their local governments are essential to the function of a federal government because they have a pulse on the local population and can therefore assess the needs of constituents and enact policy or infrastructure that is helpful. They are also important because the federal government has the time and resources to take on national projects and international affairs while local governments can take care of

5560-451: Is named after him. Lugard married, on 10 June 1902, Flora Shaw , daughter of Major-General George Shaw, and granddaughter of Sir Frederick Shaw, 3rd Baronet . She was a foreign correspondent for The Times and coined the place name Nigeria . There were no children from the marriage. She died in January 1929; Lugard survived her by sixteen years and died on 11 April 1945, aged 87. Since he

5699-516: Is the general election that took place in 2007. This election was reportedly marred by ballot-rigging, underage voting, violence, intimidation, and an overall absence of clarity and accuracy from the National Electoral Commission. Islamic law has found its way into the heart of many Nigerian state governments, particularly in the northern sect of the country. There is a deep rift between Christians and Muslim in Nigeria, and therefore

National Population Commission - Misplaced Pages Continue

5838-762: Is the largest of the services, has about 60,000 personnel, deployed between two mechanized infantry divisions, one composite division (airborne and amphibious), the Lagos Garrison Command (a division-size unit), and the Abuja-based Brigade of Guards. The Nigerian Navy (7,000) is equipped with frigates , fast attack craft, corvettes, and coastal patrol boats. The Nigerian Air Force (9,000) flies transports, trainers, helicopters, and fighter aircraft; however, most of their vehicles are currently not operational. Nigeria currently has better foreign relations with its neighbors, due to its current state of democracy. It

5977-434: Is threatening the stability of Nigeria's democracy, internal structure, and civil society, and many political scientists and Nigerian leaders hope the two religions can engage in a peaceful dialogue that hopefully pacifies both sides. The greatest terrorist threat in Nigeria is from the organization Boko Haram , and became a prevalent issue in the summer of 2009. Boko Haram is a radical jihadist Islamist terrorist group from

6116-524: Is typically exercised through bills passed by the NASS which are assented to by the president. Bills generally come in two forms – either a private bill which affects private citizens, corporate entities and/or a particular class of people or public bills which affect the general public. A bill can be introduced into either chamber of the NASS by members of the respective chambers or the executive arm of government. The National Assembly of Nigeria has two chambers :

6255-563: Is vested with the powers to make laws for the peace, order and good governance of the Federation. “It is also vested with investigatory powers, financial powers, confirmation and impeachment powers. It would not be out of place for me to use this occasion to remind us that the Legislature is the symbol of democracy all over the world. Under Section 4 (1) of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) (the "Constitution"),

6394-632: The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission and the Federal Civil Service Commission . The legislature is said to be the first among the three arms of government – the legislature, executive, and the judiciary. These arms are characterized by the principle of separation of power as each is supposed to be independent of the other. The legislature derives its powers from the 1999 Constitution (as amended) in Sections 4(1) and 4(2). The legislature

6533-527: The Royal Niger Company 's territory against French advance from Dahomey , Lugard was sent and he successfully organised the West African Frontier Force , which he used successfully to defend not only the western but the northern frontiers of Nigeria from French encroachment. This saved Nigeria from the assimilation issues of the French. Lugard's greatest contribution to the making of modern Nigeria

6672-694: The Third Anglo-Burmese War (November 1885) and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1887. After this promising start, his career was derailed when he fell in love with a twice married British divorcee he met in India; learning she had been injured in an accident, he abandoned his post in Burma to join her in Lucknow , then followed her to England. When she rejected him, Lugard decided to make

6811-642: The War Office from 1861 to 1871. Lugard was educated at Rossall School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst . The name "Dealtry" was in honour of Thomas Dealtry , a friend of his father. Lugard was commissioned into the 9th Foot (East Norfolk Regiment) in 1878 and joined the second battalion in India; he served in the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880), the Sudan campaign (1884–1885) and

6950-473: The Zanzibar mainland . On 6 August 1890, Lugard began his caravan expedition to Uganda, accompanied by five other Europeans - George Wilson , Fenwick De Winton (son of Francis de Winton - Lugard's other chief), William Grant and Archibald Brown. Departing from Mombasa towards Uganda to secure British predominance over German influence in the area and put an end to the civil disturbances between factions in

7089-437: The kingdom of Buganda . En route, Lugard was instructed to enter into treaties with local tribes and build forts in order to secure safe passage for future IBEAC expeditions. The IBEAC employed official treaty documents that were signed by their administrator and the local leaders but Lugard preferred the more equitable blood brotherhood ceremony and entered into several brotherhood partnerships with leaders who inhabited

SECTION 50

#1732851172155

7228-510: The president of the Senate . A total of 108 members are elected for four-year terms in 36 three-seat constituencies , which correspond to the country's 36 states . One member is selected in the single-seat constituency of the federal capital . The legislators are elected to either the House of Representatives or the Senate to be representatives of their constituencies and to pass legislation to benefit

7367-533: The slave trade . He began developing the country by getting it surveyed, mapped, and improved transport and communications. He also re-organised the taxation system . Lugard is most importantly remembered for his political system of rule which was practised in Nigeria, called indirect rule , particularly in Igboland . About a year after he resigned as High Commissioner of the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria , Lugard

7506-674: The 1920 New Year Honours. In 1928 he was further honoured when he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Lugard, of Abinger in the County of Surrey. The Royal Geographical Society awarded him the Founder's Medal in 1902 for persistent attention to African geography. A bronze bust of Lugard, created by Pilkington Jackson in 1960, is held in the National Portrait Gallery, London . Lugard Road on Victoria Peak in Hong Kong , China

7645-457: The 1980s. Hence, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Development Plans included poverty elimination. The first National Population Policy, enacted in 1988, was aimed at changing Nigerians' reproductive habits. It aimed to protect the health of both mother and child by reducing the proportion of women marrying before the age of 18 by 50% by 1995 and 80% by 2000; extending family planning services to 50% of women of childbearing age by 1995 and 80% by 2000; reducing

7784-575: The 1991 census. Empowered by the 1999 Constitution, in October 2001, the Olusegun Obasanjo administration inaugurated Chief Samu’ila Danko Makama as chairman of the Commission alongside 37 members representing each state in Nigeria and the FCT . In June 2012 Chief Eze Festus Odimegwu was inaugurated as chairman of the commission alongside 37 members, one each from the 36 states of Nigeria, and one representing

7923-797: The Arab War. The African Lakes Company depot at Karonga was evacuated at the end of the year but in May 1888, Captain Lugard, persuaded by the British Consul at Mozambique , arrived to lead an expedition against Mlozi, sponsored by the African Lakes Company but without official support from the British government . Lugard's first expedition of May to June 1888 attacked the Swahili stockades with limited success and, in

8062-750: The British government backed the proposal (after subjecting it to considerable redrafting) and it was eventually enacted. He served as one of the seven members of the Committee of Experts on Slavery (CES) of the League of Nations in 1932-1933. Lugard served on the International Labour Organization 's Committee of Experts on Native Labour from 1925 to 1941. Lugard pushed for native rule in African colonies. He reasoned that black Africans were very different from white Europeans, although he did speculate on

8201-496: The Christian–Muslim divide. The northern section of the country is largely Islamic, with 12 states that live under Sharia law , while the southern area is mostly Christian. There have been multiple attempts by Nigerian Muslims to add Sharia concepts to the Constitution which has alarmed the Christian population within the nation. Many Christians have deemed the rise in Islam in Nigeria to be dangerous and that it could possibly lead to increased terrorism and instability. This conflict

8340-434: The Commission was known as the National Census Board, and conducted the 1973 Census. It was headed by Justice Adetokunbo Ademola . It was a temporal body which was later transformed into the National Population Bureau. In 1981, President Shehu Shagari inaugurated Alhaji Abdulrahman Okene, as chairman of the commission, alongside 19 members representing each state of the federation. When General Muhammadu Buhari overthrew

8479-494: The Federal Capital Territory. Odimegwu resigned in October 2013. In February 2014, Eze Duruiheoma, SAN was appointed Chairman of the commission. On 15 October 2020, the Senate of Nigeria confirmed the appointment of Nasir Isa Kwarra as the chairman and eleven commissioners for the Commission. With the census Ordinance of 1863, the first population census in the Nigeria area was conducted in 1866. Subsequent ones were held in 1871, 1881, 1891 and 1901. These counts were all confined to

SECTION 60

#1732851172155

8618-406: The House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly and is presided over by the speaker of the House of Representatives . It has 360 members each of the federal constituencies of the country, who are elected for four-year terms in single-seat constituencies . The Senate , which has 109 members, is presided over by

8757-452: The House of Representatives since 2019. Each member of the National Assembly of Nigeria can be elected to more than two four-year terms. Recently, the legislative branch has been misusing its position as a check on the power of the president and his cabinet. Legislators have been known to utilize their power for not only law-making, but as a means of political intimidation and a tool to promote individual monetary success. Senators are paid

8896-402: The Lagos Colony and its environs, and marked the sequential beginning of the British decennial census tradition in Nigeria. The 1911 census covered the entire Southern Protectorate. However, the enumeration was not total because some areas had not yet accepted the authority of the colonial government. The amalgamation of the Southern and Northern protectorates in 1914 by Lord Lugard widened

9035-439: The National Assembly of Nigeria are elected by members of the population who are at least 18 years old. The National Electoral Commission is responsible for monitoring elections and ensuring that the results are correct and not fraudulent. The winner of a position is elected through the first-past-the-post system that is used in Great Britain . Nigeria has faced numerous bouts with fraudulent elections, particularly noteworthy

9174-417: The National Assembly of Nigeria often called NASS is vested with the legislative powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. That is the power to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Federation with respect to any matter included in the Exclusive Legislative List and the Concurrent List – a list of 12 items that both NASS and states' house of assembly can legislate on. This legislative power

9313-493: The Nigerian government is the only one of the three branches of government in which its members are not elected but are appointed. The judiciary, and the Supreme Court in particular, are intended to uphold the principles and laws of the nation's constitution that was written in 1999. Its goal is to protect the basic rights of the citizens. The current chief justice of the Supreme Court is Olukayode Ariwoola . After achieving its independence and republican status in 1960 (becoming

9452-413: The Nigerian government since its independence from colonial rule. In particular, the oil sector has allowed a great deal of corruption to take place. The government has tried to enact measures to combat corruption that infringes upon the functioning of the state, but have only been quasi-successful. The government has also been rated as lacking in transparency, often not allowing records to be available to

9591-435: The Nigerians native to their respective states. The devolution of power between the states and the federal government helps the functionality of Nigeria. 774 local governments oversee the collection of local taxes, education, health care, roads, waste, and planning. The local government look after the affairs of the common men and women in the Nigeria society. The creation of local government reform started in 1968, 1970 during

9730-468: The North. To sum it up, Lugard's attitude to Nigeria implied that he did not envisage self-government for Nigeria. He planned for perpetual British colonialism . "His system of Indirect Rule , his hostility towards educated Nigerians in the South, and his system of education for the North which aimed at training only the sons of the chiefs and emirs as clerks and interpreters show him as one of Britain's arch-imperialists", says K. B. C. Onwubiko. Regarding

9869-404: The Northern provinces were not counted as some census staff were re-posted to anti-locust duties as a result of the raging locust invasion in some parts of the North. The outbreak of the Second World War broke the sequential chain of the decennial counts as no population count was conducted in 1941. The 1952/1953 Population Census was marred by gross under-enumeration as people were suspicious of

10008-501: The Shagari presidency on 31 December 1983, the constitution was suspended and the commission was dissolved. The commission reverted to the status of a Bureau, and was headed by a civil servant on the rank of director. In 1988, Alhaji Shehu Musa, Makaman Nupe was appointed by General Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida , as chairman of the commission alongside six members. The commission was legalized with Decree No 43 of 1989. This commission conducted

10147-467: The South. It could be referred to as a mock parliament because it set pace for the Legislative Council of later years. In spite of his contributions, Lugard's work was not without faults. "He aimed at creating in Nigeria one administrative unit but he did not intend to create a Nigerian nation". Instead, his policy of isolating the North from the South, a policy which his successors maintained had

10286-592: The State Directors who are the administrative heads. Departments in the states are: Technical Unit, Vital Registration, Human Resource, and Management and Public Affairs. At the Local Government Area level, Comptrollers serve as liaisons between the office, traditional institutions, and local government authorities. The Commission's Secretariat and Internal Audit are both under the office of the Chairman. Below

10425-590: The admixture of Aryan or Hamitic blood arising from the advent of Islam among the Hausa and Fulani . He considered that natives should act as a sort of middle manager in colonial governance. This would avoid revolt because, he believed, the people of Africa would be more likely to follow someone who looked like them, spoke their languages and shared their customs. Olúfẹmi Táíwò argues that Lugard blocked Africans who had been educated in Europe from playing an active role in

10564-525: The areas between Mombasa and Uganda. One of his famed blood partnerships was sealed in October 1890 during his journey to Uganda when he stopped at Dagoretti in Kikuyu territory and entered into an alliance with Waiyaki Wa Hinga . Lugard was Military Administrator of Uganda from 26 December 1890 to May 1892. While administering Uganda, he journeyed round the Rwenzori Mountains to Lake Edward , mapping

10703-535: The cabinet of Nigeria, the Federal Executive Council. The constitution also sanctions the president's status as commander-in-chief of the armed forces in Section 130. The constitution of 1999 vests all the executive powers of the federation in the person of the president which can be exercised directly by him or his vice president or members of his cabinet. Section 5(1)(b) provides that the executive powers of

10842-605: The census coverage in Nigeria. Like in previous censuses, the results of the 1921 population estimates were based on tax records, and people who had not filed a tax return were not counted. In the Northern region, the population estimates were based on vital statistics. The Women's War of 1929 in Calabar and Owerri provinces in the Eastern region prevented the enumeration of major municipalities in these areas in 1931. Similarly, some areas in

10981-455: The coast of east Africa that December. A year earlier in 1888, the IBEAC had been granted a royal charter by Queen Victoria to colonise the 'British sphere of influence' between Zanzibar and Uganda and were keen to open a trading route between Lake Victoria in Uganda and the coastal port of Mombasa. Their first interior trading post was established at Machakos 240 miles in from the coast. But

11120-620: The colonial government). He defended British colonial practices, in particular the system of indirect rule that he introduced in Nigeria. The task of the British, he wrote, was ‘to promote the commercial and industrial progress of Africa without too careful a scrutiny of the material gains to ourselves’. In this work, Lugard outlined the reasons and methods that he recommended for the colonisation of Africa. Some of his justifications for establishing colonial rule included spreading Christianity and ending barbaric practices by Africans such as human sacrifice . He also saw state-sponsored colonisation as

11259-404: The constitution include a division of power between the federal government and the states, and protection of various individual liberties of the nation's citizens . Nigerian politics takes place within a framework of a federal and presidential republic and a representative democracy , in which the president holds executive power. Legislative power is held by the federal government and

11398-615: The constitution remained the subsequent administrations (military or otherwise). The Armed Forces of Nigeria assumed the rulership of Nigeria in 1966–1979 and 1983–1999, except in August – September 1992. The breakdown of law and order which occurred in the period under review would not be attributed to any defect in the Nigerian legal system. Corrupt practices both in the body politics and all aspects of Nigerian life eroded efficiency and progress. There were eight coups generally; five were successful and three were unsuccessful. The president

11537-445: The country to democracy. Nevertheless, only General Abdulsalami Abubakar took the control of the nation after the death of Sani Abacha and stuck to his word. The country's modern Constitution became official in 1999. The elections in the year 1999 were more successful compared to that of the previous military ruler. The newly emerged President of Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo put a stop to the military regimes that kept switching one after

11676-698: The course of one attack, Lugard was wounded and withdrew south. Lugard's second expedition in December 1888 to March 1889 was larger and included a 7-pounder gun , which, however, failed to breach the stockade walls. Following this second failure, Lugard left the Lake Malawi region for Britain in April 1889. After leaving Nyasaland in April 1889, Lugard accepted a position with the Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) and arrived in Mombasa on

11815-530: The court are binding and absolute on all courts in Nigeria except the Supreme Court itself. The Supreme Court is composed of the chief justice of Nigeria and other justices not more than 21 including the chief justice, appointed by the president of Nigeria on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council. These justices are subject to confirmation by the Senate . The judicial branch of

11954-807: The creation of fair bargains. The Commonwealth Secretariat has also provided Nigeria with access to their Connectivity Agenda, which allows nations under the Commonwealth to communicate and exchange ideas and policies to help each other with economic and domestic productivity. Nigeria is made up of 36 states and 1 capital territory: the Federal Capital Territory , Abia , Adamawa , Akwa Ibom , Anambra , Bauchi , Bayelsa , Benue , Borno , Cross River , Delta , Ebonyi , Edo , Ekiti , Enugu , Gombe , Imo , Jigawa , Kaduna , Kano , Katsina , Kebbi , Kogi , Kwara , Lagos , Nasarawa , Niger , Ogun , Ondo , Osun , Oyo , Plateau , Rivers , Sokoto , Taraba , Yobe , and Zamfara state. Each state

12093-401: The development of Colonial Nigeria; he distrusted white "intellectuals" as much as black ones, believing that the principles they were taught in the universities were often wrong. Lugard preferred to advance prominent Hausa and Fulani leaders from traditional structures. Lugard was an advocate for European paternalist governance over Africans. He described Africans as holding "the position of

12232-528: The established traditional route to Machakos was a treacherous journey through the large Taru Desert —93 miles of scorching dust bowl. Lugard's first mission was to determine the feasibility of a route from Mombasa to Machakos that would bypass the Taru Desert. He explored the Sabaki River and the neighbouring region, in addition to elaborating a scheme for the emancipation of the slaves held by Arabs in

12371-438: The federal budget and economic sector. The military of Nigeria has played a major role in the country's history, often seizing control of the country and ruling it for long periods of time. Its last period of rule ended in 1999, following the death of the leader of the previous military junta Sani Abacha in 1998. Active duty personnel in the three Nigerian armed services totals approximately 76,000. The Nigerian Army, which

12510-454: The federal government in areas that are at a risk of violence or instability. There is a lack of protection for women in regards to rights to abortion, rape, and domestic abuse under the Nigerian federal government. Lastly, there is a pervasive human-trafficking problem in Nigeria and frequent exploitation of citizens that the federal government has done a poor job to prevent. There are 18 recognized political parties in Nigeria. There are

12649-451: The federation which shall consist of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives." The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Nigeria a " hybrid regime " in 2019. The federal government, state, and local governments of Nigeria aim to work cooperatively to govern the nation and its people. Nigeria became a member of the British Commonwealth upon its independence from British colonial rule on 1 October 1960. The law of Nigeria

12788-457: The fourth largest democratic country in the world) and 1963 respectively, Nigeria experienced its first military coup in 1966 followed by a civil war which lasted until 1970. It was made possible to bring back the democratic ideal for a few of years in the year 1978. Though this certain period of democratic ideal did not last very long and was soon over in 1983 as a result of some military rulers who came into power via coup d'état promised to return

12927-559: The future of British colonialism in Africa, he stated, "For two or three generations we can show the negro what we are, then we shall be asked to go away. Then we shall leave the land to those it belongs to with a feeling that they have better business friends in us than in other white men." Lugard's The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa was published in 1922 and discussed indirect rule in colonial Africa. He argued that administration of Africa could simultaneously promote

13066-511: The globe. The terrorist organization became a part of ISIS in 2015, drawing concerns to the safety and stability of Nigeria. Many world powers including the United States have contributed military resources to help fight against Boko Haram because Nigeria's oil industry is crucial to the international economy. The Nigerian federal government has launched programs and tactics to combat Boko Horam because of their prevalence. There has also been

13205-751: The government has taken on a hybrid of English common law and Islamic law when dealing with legal issues to appease the diverse national population. Nigeria has the largest population of Christians and Muslims cohabitating in the world. These two religions were introduced in Nigeria largely during the colonial period, and since then, many Africans have merged their own traditional religions with these two institutionalized ones. Religious tensions between Christians and Muslims in Nigeria has often been used by politicians and other powerful people to incite violence and create fear and chaos among Nigerians. This has led to many citizens questioning why Nigeria remains one federal state, and that it should possibly split along

13344-529: The hinterland of the Lagos Colony and Nigeria against French aggression. In August 1897, Lugard organised the West African Frontier Force and commanded it until the end of December 1899, when the disputes with France were settled. After relinquishing command of the West African Frontier Force, Lugard was appointed High Commissioner of the newly created Protectorate of Northern Nigeria . He

13483-477: The interests of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and its people, makes laws for Nigeria, and holds the Government of Nigeria to account. The National Assembly (NASS) is the nation's highest legislature, whose power to make laws is summarized in chapter one, section four of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution. Sections 47–49 of the 1999 Constitution state, among other things, that "There shall be a National Assembly (NASS) for

13622-459: The internet is not restricted to the public. Given that a majority (70%) of citizens are under 30, it is fitting that mobile news consumption (84%) is more than twice as high as computer consumption (41%), with tablet consumption trailing at 11%. Lord Lugard Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard GCMG CB DSO PC (22 January 1858 – 11 April 1945), known as Sir Frederick Lugard between 1901 and 1928,

13761-525: The judiciary from the executive arm of government . According to the 1999 constitution, the Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdictions (the power to reverse, modify and change a decision or ruling made by a lower court). Appellate jurisdiction exists for both the civil law and criminal law, the supreme court has the sole authority and jurisdiction to entertain appeals from Court of Appeal, having appellate jurisdiction over all lower federal courts and highest state courts. Decisions and rulings by

13900-516: The kings and chiefs who acknowledged the sovereignty of the British company, while reducing the influence of other colonial powers. From 1896 to 1897, Lugard took charge of an expedition to Lake Ngami , in modern-day Botswana , on behalf of the British West Charterland Company. He was recalled from Ngami by the British government and sent to West Africa, where he was commissioned to raise a native force to protect British interests in

14039-433: The military era 1966–1999 . The grant of independence to Nigeria was a milestone in the political history of the country. This period witnessed the consolidation of political gains made during the colonial era. Politicians genuinely focused their lapses on the polity. It achieved for herself a republican status by shaking off the last vestiges of colonial authority. However, despite the violent violation of its provisions,

14178-466: The military government but was fully 1976. As Africa's most populated nation, the coronavirus pandemic ravaged across Nigeria. Nigeria proved that it could detect, respond to, and prevent the COVID-19 outbreak in a very restricted, poor fashion. Nigeria lacks the resources to conduct the widespread testing the nation needs to keep up with the number of cases surging across the state. Nigeria also lacks

14317-461: The most recent legislative elections, citizens claimed the process was also characterized by intimidation and other inconsistencies. The electoral process and related laws are thought to be enacted in a mostly fair fashion, but there have been instances of intentionally complicating voting and effecting turnout. The people of Nigeria feel as though there is more freedom in their right to have different political parties to represent their opinions. This

14456-471: The motives of the exercise having been broken by the Second World War. The 1962 population census was simultaneously held across the nation. The census was highly politicized. All the regional governments rejected the results. This led to a rerun in 1963 which was still contested at the Supreme Court , where the court declined jurisdiction over administrative functions of government. The census of 1973

14595-592: The nation. The Secretariat's involvement both in governmental and financial affairs created a better system for the transaction of goods and services in Nigeria with less risk of corruption. As of 2017, the Commonwealth has provided Nigeria with policies and resources for Great Britain's exit from the European Union and outlined the possible effects on Commonwealth nations and trade. The Commonwealth Secretariat has helped Nigeria in its natural resource fields such as oil and mining. They have helped with negotiations and

14734-432: The necessary number of other resources for fighting the virus such as hospital workers, rooms, and ventilators. The federal government's response to the virus has been fairly weak and ineffective. Former President Buhari passed numerous lockdowns, mask mandates, and travel bans to decrease the number of cases in the country. However, the lockdowns, mandates, and travel restrictions have led to negative economic effects for

14873-411: The northern sect of Nigeria. This organization has launched terror attacks that have largely targeted the Nigerian federal government, non-Muslim religious organizations, and average citizens. The rise and growing effects of Boko Haram have been attributed to the instability and fragility of the Nigerian state. They are upset by the government corruption and policy failures of Nigeria, and in particular,

15012-666: The number of births per woman to four; and reducing the number of births to four per woman. In 2004 the government launched a Revised National Population Policy. The policy's specific targets include: "reducing National population growth rate to 2% or lower by the year 2015; reducing total fertility rate of at least 0.6 children every five years; increasing the modern contraceptive prevalence rate by at least 2% per year; reducing infant mortality rate to 35 per 1,000 live births by 2015; reducing child mortality rate to 45 per 1,000 live births by 2015; reducing maternal mortality to 125 per 100,000 live births by 2010 and 75 by 2015; and achieving

15151-555: The other for almost 30 years. The end of the military rule culminated in a new era of regular elections as well as the return of civil liberties, a free press, and an end to arbitrary arrests and maltreatment, although human rights violations still occur regularly. Nigeria democratized in 1999 with the start of the Fourth Republic, but has suffered some setbacks to becoming fully democratic. Elites in Nigeria have been found to have more power and influence than average citizens, and as

15290-455: The period before independence. (2) Local legislation (comprising enactments of the Nigerian legislatures from colonial period to date). There were other sources which, though subsumed in Nigerian legislations, were distinctly imported into the Nigerian legal systems. They are called the criminal and penal codes of Nigeria. Nigerian legislation may be classified as follows: The colonial era until 1960, post-independence legislation 1960–1966,

15429-512: The policy is improvement in women's health, newborns, children, and adolescents. Below is the National Summary of the 1991 population census, which used the de facto method. The growth rate of 2.83% per annum was used to project the population to 1996, giving a mid-year population of 102.5 million in 1996. Below is the national summary of the 2006 national population census, which used the de facto method. The annual exponential growth rate

15568-410: The poverty and lack of development of the north of Nigeria which is predominantly Muslim. The impact of Boko Haram on Nigeria has been devastating, over 37,000 individuals have died due to their terrorist attacks since 2011, and over 200,000 Nigerians have been displaced. Boko Haram was responsible for the kidnapping of hundreds of school girls in 2014, triggering the #BringBackOurGirls movement across

15707-547: The president extends to the maintenance of the provisions of the constitution, acts of the national assembly and on items on which the national assembly has power for the time being to make law. The president is elected to see that the Nigerian Constitution is enacted and that the legislation is applied to the people. The elected president is also in charge of the nation's armed forces and can serve no more than two four-year elected terms. The current president of Nigeria

15846-408: The public that should be readily available. Journalism and the media in Nigeria are somewhat free, they are allowed to function independently from the government, but oftentimes those who criticize public figures or offices are arrested or censored. A mafia-like organisation, Black Axe, is involved in international corruption using especially on-line fraud, as reported in BBC article. Religious freedom

15985-537: The public's ability to express their views even if they disagree without the government without fearing a negative reaction from the government. The Nigerian government was rated moderately on people's ability to assemble, ability to work with human rights, and the existence of unions. The judiciary was rated as moderately free from the government, and lacking in due process in trials and equal treatment of all members of society. People in Nigeria do not have great freedom of movement, and are often subjected to curfews set by

16124-423: The public. The legislative process consists of bills being drafted and presented in either of the two chambers. These bills can only become national law once they are approved by the president of Nigeria who can veto bills. The president of the Senate is currently Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan , who was elected to the senate in 2007, and the speaker of the House is Femi Gbajabiamila , who has been Nigeria's 9th speaker of

16263-465: The purpose, and refused to be counted. The census suffered gross under enumeration. The 1962 population census complied with the principle of simultaneity, and held in May 1962. It was widely publicized but politicized, thus, the government rejected the figures and a rerun was held in 1963. The result of the figures were even contested at the Supreme Court, which ruled it lacked jurisdiction for administrative functions of government. Population figures at

16402-563: The re-run of 1963, the population of the North increased by 8.5 million, bringing the population of the North to 31 million. The increase in Nigeria's population by 24 million in 10 years made the 1973 census controversial. Many argued that it was inaccurate, and rigged for political and ethnic reasons. Even though the census report was incomplete, the population figures were put at 79,760,000. < https://punchng.com/tinubu-swears-in-npc-commissioners-for-ogun-osun /> Federal Government of Nigeria The federal government of Nigeria

16541-438: The suppression of slave raiding and slavery. Lugard, assisted by his indefatigable wife, Flora Shaw , concocted a legend which warped understanding of him, Nigeria and colonial rule for decades. He believed that "the typical African ... is a happy, thriftless, excitable person, lacking in self control, discipline and foresight, naturally courageous, courteous and polite, full of personal vanity, with little of veracity; in brief,

16680-497: The third Schedule to the Constitution, and Births, Deaths, etc. (Compulsory Registration) Act, CAP B9, LFN 2004. The Commission has the statutory powers to collect, analyse and disseminate population and demographic data in the country. It is also mandated to undertake demographic sample surveys, compile, collate and publish migration and civil registration statistics as well as monitor the country's population policy. Prior to 1979,

16819-473: The time determined a lot: employment into the federal civil service, revenue allocation, and number of a region's seats in parliament. The final results were unreleased but initial reports showed the North were 22.5 million from 16.5 million in 1952 – an increase of 30 percent. The population of the East had increased by 200 percent and the West by 70 percent. This meant the North had lost its majority by population. In

16958-473: The two chambers of the legislature: the House of Representatives and the Senate . The legislative branch of Nigeria is responsible for and possesses powers to legislate laws. Together, the two chambers form the law-making body in Nigeria, called the National Assembly, which serves as a check on the executive arm of government. The National Assembly of Nigeria (NASS) is the democratically elected body that represents

17097-472: The two groups deteriorated, partly because of the company's delays or unwillingness to provide guns, ammunition and other trade goods, and also because the Swahili traders turned more to slaving , attacking communities that the company had promised to protect, and hostilities broke out in mid-1887. The series of intermittent armed clashes that took place up to mid-1889 is known as the Karonga War , or sometimes

17236-456: The university was to have it serve as a bearer of Western culture in East Asia . He expected the university, however, to adopt a politically conservative framework supportive of the colonial authorities and refrain from teaching ideas such as democracy or equality . He was financially backed by his personal friend Sir Horsusjee Naorojee Mody who shared the same vision for the establishment of

17375-476: The virtues and defects of this race-type are those of attractive children." Funding of the colony of Nigeria in the development of state's infrastructure such as harbours, railways and hospitals in Southern Nigeria came from revenue generated by taxes on imported alcohol. In Northern Nigeria, the revenue that allowed state development projects was less because the taxes was absent and thus funding of projects

17514-404: The well-being of the inhabitants and develop the resources of the continent for the benefit of mankind. According to Lugard, there were three principles of colonial administration: decentralization (granting power to local district officers in colonies), continuity (extensive record-keeping so that successors would build upon the policies of predecessors), and cooperation (building local support for

17653-552: The whole protectorate was made possible by a successful campaign against the emir of Kano and the sultan of Sokoto . By the time Lugard resigned as commissioner in 1906, the entire region of what would eventually be transformed into modern-day Nigeria was being peacefully administered under the supervision of British residents . Lugard was knighted in the 1901 New Year Honours for his service in Nigeria. Lugard restored peace and order, and suppressed Fulani despotism . He also stopped slave raiding and abolished slavery and

17792-496: Was 3.18 percent, between the period of the two Censuses of 1991 and 2006 which was 14 years and 4 months. The sex ratio (number of males per 100 females in the population) was approximately 103 at the national level. Eze Festus Odimegwu who was appointed Chairman, National Population Commission (NPC), in June 2012, He made several unguarded statements amongst which was his condemnation of the census of 2006. He also said Nigeria has never had

17931-504: Was a British soldier, explorer of Africa and a colonial administrator. He was Governor of Hong Kong (1907–1912), the last Governor of Southern Nigeria Protectorate (1912–1914), the first High Commissioner (1900–1906) and last Governor (1912–1914) of Northern Nigeria Protectorate and the first Governor-General of Nigeria (1914–1919). Lugard was born in Madras (now Chennai ) in India , but

18070-538: Was achieved from the British in 1960. Parties allow for political competition to take place, for the citizenry to find people who represent their ideas and interests in government, and for the introduction of new leaders and perspectives into Nigerian life. Many Nigerians do not understand the political party system because there are so many options and their platforms are unclear to the public. This remains an issue in Nigeria because it marginalizes those who are uneducated or uninvolved in government. Also, there seems to be

18209-442: Was also not gazetted for reasons of falsification of figures for political and ethnic advantages. The 1991 Census employed the principle of simultaneity. It was scientifically conducted, accepted, and gazetted. The first population and housing census held in 2006. It employed the use of GPS and satellite imagery to mark-out Geo-referenced enumeration areas. Rising poverty and crime rate necessitated Nigeria's first population policy in

18348-486: Was appointed Governor of Hong Kong , a position he held until March 1912. During his tenure, Lugard proposed to return Weihaiwei to the Chinese government, in return for the ceding of the rented New Territories in perpetuity. However, the proposal was neither well received nor acted upon. Some believed that if the proposal were carried through, Hong Kong might forever have remained in British hands. Lugard's chief interest

18487-587: Was brought up in Worcester , England . He was the son of the Reverend Frederick Grueber Lugard, a British Army chaplain at Madras, and his third wife Mary Howard (1819–1865), the youngest daughter of Reverend John Garton Howard (1786–1862), a younger son of landed gentry from Thorne and Melbourne near York. His paternal uncle was Sir Edward Lugard , Adjutant-General in India from 1857 to 1858 and Permanent Under-Secretary of State for War at

18626-560: Was covered from revenue generated in the south. The Adubi War occurred during his governorship . In Northern Nigeria, Lugard permitted slavery within traditional native elite families. He loathed the educated and sophisticated Africans living in the coastal regions. Lugard ran the country whilst spending half each year in England, where he could promote himself and was distant from realities in Africa, where subordinates had to delay decisions on many matters until he returned. He based his rule on

18765-564: Was education and he was largely remembered for his efforts to the founding of the University of Hong Kong in 1911. He became the first chancellor, despite a cold reception from the Colonial Office and local British companies, such as the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation . The Colonial Office called the idea of a university "Sir Frederick's pet lamb". Lugard's chief impetus from founding

18904-915: Was influenced by Lugard's book. He sought to get Lugard appointed to the Permanent Mandates Commission of the League of Nations . Between 1922 and 1936, Lugard was the British representative on the League of Nations ' Permanent Mandates Commission. Lugard saw imperial administration in moral terms and advocated for humane principles of colonial rule. He saw the role of the Permanent Mandates Commission as involving standard-setting and oversight, whereas actual administration should be left to national powers. Lugard supported General George Spafford Richardson 's repressive rule of Western Samoa. Lugard criticized European settlers and Samoans who engaged in "interracial mobilization." Lugard played

19043-421: Was need for consensus among the locals on such a serious political subject which had such key implications for the two colonies. From 1914 to 1919, Lugard served as Governor General of the now combined colony of Nigeria. Throughout his tenure, he sought strenuously to secure the amelioration of the condition of the native people, among other means by the exclusion, wherever possible, of alcoholic liquors, and by

19182-416: Was present at Mount Patti , Lokoja and read the proclamation that established the protectorate on 1 January 1900. At that time, the portion of Northern Nigeria under effective control was small, and Lugard's task in organising this vast territory was made more difficult by the refusal of the sultan of Sokoto and many other Fula princes to fulfill their treaty obligations. In 1903, British control over

19321-543: Was the successful amalgamation of the North and South in 1914. Even after the amalgamation, the two parts remained as two separate countries with separate administrations. "Though in doing this, he aimed primarily at making the wealth and seaport facilities of the South available to the North, he had in fact fashioned the political unity of the Giant of Africa ." As noted earlier, amalgamation of Nigeria helped in making Nigeria to have common telegraphs, railways, customs and excise,

#154845