76-593: Provincial Provincial The National Citizens Coalition ( NCC ) is a Canadian conservative lobby group that was incorporated in 1975 by Colin M. Brown, a successful insurance agent who strongly opposed public health insurance—medicare. In response to what he perceived to be excessive government spending in Canada, Brown had begun an advertisement campaign in 1967. Its slogan is “More freedom through less government.” campaigns against public sector unions and in favour of smaller government and lower taxes. From 1998 to 2002,
152-510: A non-confidence vote after only nine months, and the Liberals again took power. After Pierre Trudeau 's retirement in 1984, his successor, John Turner , called a federal election, which was won in a landslide by the PCs under Brian Mulroney. Mulroney succeeded by uniting conservatives from Western Canada with those from Quebec . During his tenure, the government unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate
228-494: A "confidential lawsuit", for instance a future BC or Canadian government reversing a federal approval of the Northern Gateway pipeline. The move received criticism from many quarters, including the often supportive Financial Post and is the subject of a current lawsuit. In other respects, Conservative MPs have sometimes been sharply critical of China, particularly over human rights policies and especially treatment of
304-603: A Liberal-NDP coalition government filling the vacancies next year". The party introduced a bill in the parliament to have fixed dates for elections and, with the support of the Liberal Party, passed it. However, Ned Franks, a Canadian parliamentary expert, maintains that the Prime Minister still has the right to advise the Governor-General to dissolve the parliament early and drop the writs for an election . In 2006,
380-535: A Red Tory. Lewis thought that big business received too many tax breaks and subsidies as " corporate welfare bums." In the 1970s, labour was increasing its power, public safety nets were being introduced, and participatory government was growing. To reverse this trend, from 1974 to 1976, CEOs took major initiatives. The Business Council on National Issues (BCNI), the Fraser Institute —a conservative and libertarian public policy think tank established in 1974, and
456-733: A large base of its support toward the end of the Mulroney era. Brian Mulroney's failed attempts to reform the Canadian Constitution with the Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords, and the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax lost him most of his support. Following Mulroney's resignation in 1993 and Kim Campbell 's brief tenure, the Conservatives were reduced to only two seats in Parliament in
532-531: A large power vacuum in the Conservative Party, leading to the short tenure of John Abbott , who was the Protestant compromise choice. Abbott's government collapsed when his cabinet walked out on him, forcing him to resign and allowing for the selection of the first Catholic prime minister of Canada, John Sparrow Thompson . At just 45, he was expected to become the successor to Macdonald's legacy, but after only
608-453: A number of initiatives, including cuts to education, welfare and Medicare , privatization of government services and health care, the sale of provincial highways and the forced amalgamation of municipalities. Provincial income taxes were also cut by 30% and corporate tax rates were nearly cut in half during the Harris mandate. Most Blue Tories are at least somewhat ideologically aligned close to
684-445: A party to regroup was to accept the consequences of responsible government. They abandoned the idea of being the governor's party and embraced mass politics. At the same time the coalition that had won responsible government began to break up in the 1850s. This presented an opening for more moderate conservatives such as John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier to claim the political centre. Their coalition dominated politics in
760-512: A series of cases filed by Francis Lavigne, a former Ontario community college teacher who alleged that Ontario Public Service Employees Union fees were being used to support causes he opposed, which he claimed infringed his rights under the freedom of expression section of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . In a leading Supreme Court of Canada 1991 decision Lavigne v Ontario Public Service Employees Union , Lavigne lost. During
836-585: A special program was reiterated by a Conservative Party spokeswoman after the first such conscientious objector (Robin Long) had been deported and sentenced to 15 months in jail. (See Canada and Iraq War resisters for details about two motions in Parliament concerning Canada and Iraq War resisters.) Consistent in all recent Canadian governments is strong ties to China . In 2013, the Conservative administration approved
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#1732851872827912-516: A traditional pre-industrial standard of morality – which has never been as evident in American conservatism. Red Toryism derives largely from a classical conservative tradition that maintained that the unequal division of wealth and political privilege among social classes can be justified if members of the privileged class practiced noblesse oblige and contributed to the common good. Red Tories supported traditional institutions such as religion and
988-490: A year in office he died from a stroke. Two more short-serving Conservatives, Mackenzie Bowell and Charles Tupper , served out the end of the Conservative government, until the election in 1896 when the coalition of French and English Canadians fell apart and Sir Wilfrid Laurier became the second Liberal prime minister of Canada. The Liberals would dominate for the next fourteen years until the emergence of Robert Borden . Robert Borden's Conservative government led Canada into
1064-480: Is a "little-known group that has served for decades as a hub for a nationwide network of conservative activists and the donors who support them". It was established during the Reagan administration in 1981 by right-wing conservative Christians. . Its members are a "few hundred of the most powerful conservatives in the country," who meet "behind closed doors at undisclosed locations for a confidential conference, according to
1140-577: Is an adherent of a centre-right or paternalistic-conservative political philosophy derived from the Tory tradition, predominantly in Canada, but also in the United Kingdom. This philosophy tends to favour communitarian social policies, while maintaining a degree of fiscal discipline and a respect of social and political order. It is contrasted with " Blue Tory " or " High Tory ". Some Red Tories view themselves as small-c conservatives . In Canada, Red Toryism
1216-468: Is found in provincial and federal Conservative political parties. The history of Red Toryism marks differences in the development of the political cultures of Canada and the United States . Canadian conservatism and American conservatism have been different from each other in fundamental ways, including their stances on social issues and the role of government in society. The adjective "red" refers to
1292-451: Is generally considered a movement which is primarily represented by the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada in federal party politics , as well as various centre-right and right-wing parties at the provincial level. Far-right politics have never been a prominent force in Canadian society. The first party which called itself "Conservative" in what would become Canada was elected in
1368-491: Is represented mainly by the Libertarian Party of Canada , People's Party of Canada , and other small provincial parties. These parties have never been successful in having members elected. While social conservatism exists throughout Canada, it is not as pronounced as it is in some other countries, such as the United States . It represents conservative positions on issues of culture, family, sexuality and morality. Despite
1444-579: The 1921 election the Conservatives were relegated to third place, at the expense of the new Progressive movement based mostly in the Prairie West (see Western alienation ). Once the Progressive movement had largely been subsumed into the Liberal Party of Canada , the Conservatives were once again in opposition, until the election of 1930, under the leadership of R. B. Bennett. But in the 1935 election
1520-635: The 1993 federal election . The Liberal Party was elected with a strong majority and the Reform Party gradually replaced the Tories as the major right-wing party in Canada. The Reform Party under Preston Manning would become the Official Opposition from 1997 to 2000. Throughout the 1990s, many social conservatives and Blue Tories in the PC Party began to drift slowly to the Reform Party and then in droves to
1596-524: The Bloc Québécois or the Reform Party were the Official Opposition. After the 1997 federal election some members of the Reform Party tried to end the vote splitting by merging the two parties. A new party was formed, called the Canadian Alliance, and Stockwell Day was elected its leader. However, many PCs resisted the move, suspecting that Reform Party ideology would dominate the new party, and
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#17328518728271672-581: The Canadian Labour Congress against wage and price controls imposed by the Liberal government of Pierre Trudeau in 1975. In 1995 the NCC launched the "Canadians against forced unions" with spokesman Rob Anders saying, "The time has come to free Alberta's workers." The project was dedicated to the introduction of anti-union "right-to-work" legislation. The NCC provided CA$ 1 million in financial support in
1748-539: The Canadian National Railway ) to develop and protect Canadian industries, protectionist programs such as the National Policy . Canadian conservatism thus mirrored British Conservatism in its values and economic and political outlooks. Canadian conservatives have generally favored the continuation of old political institutions and the preservation of strong ties to the monarchy . In the latter half of
1824-597: The Conservative Party of Canada . This party was the dominant political force in Canadian politics from 1867 to 1935. Thereafter, the party (renamed the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in 1945) spent more time in opposition than in government. During the twentieth century rival " small-c conservative " movements appeared, most notably the federal Social Credit and Reform parties. Conservatism
1900-661: The Falun Gong . These positions are not materially different than those of other parties. Prior to winning election, Stephen Harper openly favoured the alternative vote method of selecting both MPs and Senators. As the successor of the Western Canada-based Canadian Alliance (formerly the Reform Party of Canada), the party supported reform of the Senate to make it "elected, equal, and effective" (the " Triple-E Senate "). However, party leader Stephen Harper advised
1976-672: The Governor General to appoint the unelected Michael Fortier to both the Senate and to the Cabinet on 6 February 2006, the day his minority government took office. On 22 December 2008, Prime Minister Harper asked the Governor General to fill all eighteen Senate seats that had been vacant at the time. It was earlier reported in The Toronto Star that this action was "to kill any chance of
2052-564: The House of Commons of Canada . The Act has been amended many times over Canada's history. The Canada Election Act limits spending on election advertising by interest groups, which was upheld by the Supreme Court of Canada in Harper v. Canada (Attorney General) (2004). It also sets out various provisions regarding the publication or broadcast of election advertising and election results. In 1989,
2128-503: The MV Sun Sea incident . These changes cleared an immigration backlog that had persisted for many years under the previous Liberal government, reducing the processing time from over 1000 days to less than two months. All 110 Conservative Party MPs voted against an opposition motion concerning conscientious objectors and the introduction of programs to allow objectors to seek refuge in Canada. On 13 September 2008, this refusal to set up
2204-720: The New York Times . In his speech. Harper summarized his perspective on the federal parties in 1997 with a focus on the Reform party, its leader Preston Manning, its strengths, weaknesses and future as a Christian conservative movement. In 2003 Peter Coleman became NCC's full-time as Chief Operating Officer and in 2006 NCC's President and CEO. The NCC holds no annual general membership meetings and provides no financial statements to its members. The organization's constitution distinguishes between 'voting' and 'public' members. Public members pay dues but do not have formal mechanisms for influencing
2280-598: The Province of Canada election of 1854 . Canadian conservative ideology has its origins in British Toryism , but over time has been influenced by American conservatism . Stemming from the resettlement of United Empire Loyalists after the American Revolutionary War with traditionalist conservative views alongside pro-market liberalism ideals, is the reason that Canadian conservatives generally prefer
2356-528: The United Province of Canada , and when joined by liberal George Brown , provided the broad support necessary to negotiate Confederation with the Maritime Provinces . The MacDonald-Cartier coalition's prestige was only strengthened by the creation of the new Canadian Confederation in 1867. Their coalition dominated the early politics of the new state. Their "National Policy" of high tariffs against
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2432-457: The Westminster system of government. Originally, Canadian conservatism tended to be traditionalist . Conservative governments in Canada, such as those of John A. Macdonald , Robert Borden , R. B. Bennett , and John Diefenbaker , were known for supporting an active role for the government in the economy and the creation of government-operated businesses (early Crown Corporations such as
2508-631: The state of Israel and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . Harper also took aggressive action against perceived sponsors of terrorism such as Iran, closing the Canadian embassy and expelling the Iranian diplomats in 2012. In 2012, the Conservative government introduced reforms to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act which limited refugee claims from those on a list of designated countries of origin, those considered safe by Canada for most persons. Other changes allowed for detention of mass arrivals, following
2584-465: The "sharpest thorn in Harper's side". Major media commentators often use Page's reports as a starting point for general criticisms of Harper's budgetary and transparency practices, including comedic rants. Canada Elections Act The Canada Elections Act ( French : Loi électorale du Canada ) is an Act of the Parliament of Canada which regulates the election of members of parliament to
2660-461: The 1960s, these Conservatives were most identified with the Montreal and Toronto commercial elite who took positions of influence within the Progressive Conservative Party. Since the mid-1970s, they have been heavily influenced by the libertarian movement and the more individualist nature of American conservatism . Blue Tories tend to favour libertarian policies such as devolution of federal power to
2736-550: The 20th-century, Canadian conservatism embraced neoliberal economic policies which included free trade, the seeking of balanced budgets, and the support of the privatizations of Crown Corporations which were claimed to be better provided for by the private sector. During this time, division arose between the conservatives in Eastern and Western Canada because Western conservatives perceived Canada's federal parliament as being dominated by Eastern interests. This Western alienation led to
2812-463: The American "conservative movement" was a light and an inspiration to [Canada] and across the world." Harper compared Canada with the United States in the 1990s, saying that the "standard of living" was "substantially lower" in Canada while the unemployment rate was almost double that of the United States and that there was a "massive brain drain of young professionals". The Council for National Policy
2888-646: The Canadian Alliance dominated the opposition benches. Support for both the Reform Party and the Progressive Conservatives was negligible in Quebec until the 2006 federal election , where the renewed Conservative party won 10 seats in Quebec. In the west, the Reform Party took most of the PC Party's former seats, but held much more socially or economically conservative views than the old party on most subjects (regarding, for example, homosexuality, religion in public life, gun control , and government intervention in
2964-538: The Conservatives campaigned strongly against Liberal abuses in the Sponsorship scandal and vowed to introduce several accountability measures that would hold even a majority government to account. These included a Parliamentary Budget Office whose first head Kevin Page found himself often sharply at odds with Harper government policy and issued several reports scathing of Conservative practices, even sometimes being described as
3040-399: The Conservatives were handed a major defeat by the Liberals, with a new right-wing party, Social Credit, placing a close third, again on the strength of Western alienation . Throughout most of the last century, the Progressive Conservative Party (often abbreviated PC ) dominated conservative politics at the federal level and in most provinces. Canada had many conservative Prime Ministers in
3116-534: The First World War, with the Laurier-led Liberal in opposition. The government wanted to introduce conscription , and sought a coalition to pursue this policy. Most English-speaking Liberals joined the Tories to form a coalition called "Unionist" with the mostly-French speaking Liberal rump in opposition. After the war this coalition, now led by Arthur Meighen could not govern with a stable majority. In
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3192-616: The NCC and became the NCC's vice-president. From 1998 to 2002, Stephen Harper served as NCC president with Gerry Nicholls as vice-president. In 2002, Harper resigned as NCC's president to seek the leadership of the Canadian Alliance . Harper served as 22nd Prime Minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015. At a June 1997 meeting of the American political organization, the Council for National Policy (CNP), held in Montreal, Quebec, Harper said that
3268-464: The NCC as an "Alberta-based think tank that crusades for smaller government and less taxes". In the 1970s, the three federal political parties—the Liberals under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, the Conservatives under Robert Stanfield and the NDP under David Lewis—gave no voice to corporate Canada or the business elite in policy making in the Canadian parliament. Stanfield was supportive of state intervention, as
3344-422: The NCC to publish the names of all contributors donating more than $ 250. Brown was vehemently opposed to public health insurance, although the NCC is now reluctant to take such a stand on this issue, as it would be unpopular with the electorate. The NCC would go on in subsequent years to campaign against "socialized medicine" and other government programs. The NCC campaigned against the general strike organized by
3420-734: The NCC's leader. In 1993, the NCC successfully supported Stephen Harper's bid to become a Reform Party Member of Parliament for Calgary West . In the 1990s, the NCC founded and funded Ontarians for Responsible Government, a lobby group that played a large role in electing the Progressive Conservative Harris government in Ontario of 1995–2003. It has also legally challenged electoral financing laws limiting third-party advertising spending during election campaigns, but unsuccessfully, in Harper v. Canada (Attorney General) . In 1997, Harper resigned as Member of Parliament and joined
3496-485: The National Citizens' Coalition—incorporated in 1975—were formed to change the political culture to support the business elite. The two latter organizations focussed on changing public opinion. Incorporated in Ontario in 1975, the NCC was founded by insurance agent Colin M. Brown, who had begun an advertising campaign in 1967 against what he perceived as excessive government spending. In 1987, David Somerville became
3572-494: The PC Party with the Alliance. Later on that year, the Progressive Conservative Party, which dated back to 1854 (though existing under many different names), merged with the Canadian Alliance. 96% of the Alliance's membership and 92% of the PC Party's riding representatives approved the merger. The contemporary Conservative Party of Canada was then created, and, in 2004, Stephen Harper was elected leader. Dissident Red Tories opposed to
3648-509: The PC party's standings, Peter MacKay was chosen in a leadership contest to replace him. MacKay immediately created controversy within the party by entering into negotiations with Canadian Alliance leader Stephen Harper to merge the two parties. MacKay had been elected on a third ballot of the party's leadership convention as a result of an agreement that he signed with another leadership contestant, David Orchard , in which he promised never to merge
3724-711: The PCs were more neutral on controversial social issues. The PCs faced an unprecedented collapse in the 1993 federal election and Reform surpassed the PCs as the largest conservative party in Canada's parliament. After several elections of neither party making significant gains, the two parties agreed to merge into the new Conservative Party of Canada in 2003. Meanwhile, although Quebec delivered few seats to conservative parties in federal elections from 1993 on, conservative themes were influential in Quebec provincial politics . Blue Tories are, in Canadian politics, Conservatives who are more free-market or liberal economically. Prior to
3800-488: The Reform Party's direct successor, the Canadian Alliance. This left the PC Party under the control of the moderate Red Tory faction. Despite taking what they believed to be more popular socially progressive approaches on certain issues, the PCs significantly fell in the popular vote from the 1997 to 2000 federal elections and were not able to greatly increase their representation in the House of Commons. The Reform Party and then
3876-496: The US and UK. With the rise in inflation and a large budgetary deficit in Canada from the Trudeau government, emphasis was put on "shrinking the size of government" (in part, through privatization), pursuing continental trade arrangements ( free trade , creating tax incentives and cutting "government waste"). Joe Clark became Prime Minister with a minority government in 1979, but lost to
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#17328518728273952-522: The United States during the American Revolution and War of Independence. They were wary of emulating the US's "mob rule" and preferred a strong role for traditional elites such as landowners and Christianity in politics. Many were Anglicans who supported keeping the Anglican Church of Canada as Canada's established church . In each colony, Tories contested elections as the personal party of
4028-405: The United States, and Crown Corporations such as Teleglobe , Petro-Canada and Air Canada (some created by previous Conservative governments) were sold to both domestic and foreign private buyers (privatized). However, due to the failure of the Mulroney government to balance the budget and service debt, the federal debt continued to rise. It was not until the end of Mulroney's administration and
4104-484: The United States, and intense railway building , became the basis of a political dynasty that dominated Canadian politics from Confederation until Macdonald's death in office in 1891. The greatest strain in this coalition came during the Riel rebellions of 1869 and 1885 , which inflamed French-English and Protestant-Catholic tensions in the country. After Macdonald's death, the coalition faltered. The death of Macdonald left
4180-450: The acquisition of Nexen by a Chinese firm. It also advanced, as of 2013, FIPA agreement, containing guarantees that Chinese buyer would have the legal right to sue Canada in private settlement of inhibition to its activities by that government (including provincial or municipal for whom the federal government would be liable). The actual extent or limit of these powers would not be publicly known and settlements would be private, in effect
4256-545: The beginning of Jean Chrétien 's Liberal government that the government's program of spending finally halted the growth in the federal debt. The government's willingness to affirm Quebec's demands for recognition as a distinct society was seen as a betrayal by many westerners as well as angering Canadian Nationalists mostly from Ontario . The Reform Party of Canada was founded on a strongly right-wing populist conservative platform as an alternative voice for these western conservatives. The Progressive Conservative Party lost
4332-693: The creation of the Reform Party of Canada as a Western-based populist protest party promoting constitutional reform to balance the regions' interests and sought to expand into the East—especially in Ontario—to displace the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada . While the PCs and Reform had some similar economic policies, Reformers wanted deeper cuts to government services than the PCs and Reformers had strong social conservative stances whereas
4408-552: The economic libertarian positions of the former Canadian Alliance ; as such, they supported the merger between the PCs and the Alliance to form the new federal Conservative Party of Canada (CPC). Some notable Blue Tories include many prominent federal and provincial Progressive Conservatives such as former PC Party Leader and Attorney General Peter MacKay , Conservative Party leadership contender and former Treasury Board President Tony Clement , former Premier of Ontario Mike Harris , and former CPC leader Andrew Scheer . A Red Tory
4484-452: The economically left-leaning nature of Red Toryism in comparison with Blue Toryism, since socialist and other leftist parties have traditionally used the colour red . The term reflects the broad ideological range traditionally found within conservatism in Canada. Historically, Canadian conservatism has been derived from the Tory tradition, with a distinctive concern for a balance between individual rights and collectivism, as mediated through
4560-558: The economy). The PCs retained moderate support in the Atlantic Provinces , would manage to regain a few seats. They also retained scattered support across the country. The result was that neither new party managed to approach the success of the Progressive Conservatives prior to 1993. In many ridings the conservative vote was split , letting other parties win: the Liberal Party under Jean Chrétien won three successive majority governments starting in 1993. During this period, either
4636-730: The government of Canada appointed the Royal Commission on Electoral Reform and Party Financing regarding restrictions in the Elections Act inconsistent with Section Three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . In 1996, the Act was amended to establish a Register of Electors and the International Register of Electors . In 2003, the Act was extended to cover the nomination contests of registered parties. In 2007, it
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#17328518728274712-570: The governor to the elected assemblies. This new arrangement, called responsible government , mirrored earlier changes that had occurred in Britain. After the failure of radical liberalism during the Rebellions of 1837, a new set of moderate liberals, led by Robert Baldwin in Canada West , Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine in Canada East and Joseph Howe in Nova Scotia rose to prominence. They campaigned for and won responsible government by creating broad coalitions that took in liberals, moderates, and conservatives. The only way for conservatives as
4788-487: The governor. Business elites who surrounded the governor also hoped to gain patronage . In Upper Canada this was the Family Compact , in Lower Canada the Chateau Clique . Opposition to the rule of these oligarchies resulted in the Rebellions of 1837 . After the rebellions, Lord Durham (a Whig or liberal) issued his Report on the Affairs of British North America , a report to the British government that recommended that most powers in colonial governments be given from
4864-430: The history and ideology of conservatism, identified Canadian psychologist Jordan Peterson as the most significant conservative thinker to appear in the English-speaking world in a generation. While in Opposition, Stephen Harper voted in favour of Canadian military involvement in the US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq; he later admitted this had been a mistake. Conservative Party member resolutions express strong support for
4940-407: The merger would go on to form the minor Progressive Canadian Party . Under Stephen Harper, the platform of the Conservative Party emphasized the Blue Tory policies of fiscal restraint, increases in military spending, tax cuts and Senate Reform. The Harper-led Conservative Party has, however, come under fire, with many accusing them of adopting neoconservative policies. Yoram Hazony , a scholar on
5016-432: The monarchy, and maintenance of the social order. This position was later manifest in their support for some aspects of the welfare state . This belief in a common good, as expanded on in Colin Campbell and William Christian 's Political Parties and Ideologies in Canada , is at the root of Red Toryism. Libertarianism as a political philosophy is not considered to be a primary force in Canadian conservatism. This philosophy
5092-441: The new party garnered only a little more support than its predecessor. Meanwhile, the PC Party re-elected Joe Clark as their leader and attempted to regain lost ground. Day's tenure was marked by a number of public gaffes and apparent publicity stunts, and he was widely portrayed as incompetent and ignorant. Several MPs left his party in 2002. In 2003, when former Prime Minister Joe Clark retired after being brought back to improve
5168-438: The organization's policies or priorities. Public members are not entitled to be notified of or to attend any meetings, and they are not entitled to vote at any such meetings. It is headquartered in Toronto and reports an annual budget of $ 2.8 million. The organization has fought to keep information about itself confidential, and opposed amendments to the Canada Elections Act that would have required third-party organizations like
5244-429: The past, but the first to be elected under the Progressive Conservative banner was John Diefenbaker, who served from 1957 to 1963. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, with the rise of Conservative politicians in Canada such as Ralph Klein , Don Getty , Brian Mulroney , Preston Manning , Mike Harris and others, the objectives and values of Conservatives in Canada began to mimic those of fiscal conservatives in both
5320-454: The president of the group was Stephen Harper , who served as the 22nd prime minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015. The NCC has supported privatization , tax cuts and government spending cuts; it also opposes electoral laws that limit third-party spending. It has been heavily involved in advertising, political campaigns and legal challenges in support of its goals of "more freedom through less government." The Tyee on March 23, 2011, described
5396-532: The provincial governments, a reduced role for government in the economy, reduction of taxation and similar mainstream market liberal ideals. The term Blue Tory does not refer to social conservatism . One example of a Blue Tory administration in Canada was the ' Common Sense Revolution ' provincial Progressive Conservative government of Ontario Premier Mike Harris . The Harris Tories were widely viewed as radical by Canadian standards in their economic policies and style of governance. Harris' government embarked on
5472-526: The recent Conservative government having influential members who would be defined as social conservatives in its caucus, social conservatism is considered to have little influence on Canadian society and political policy. One of their notable wins was a 2014 neo-abolitionist law passed against prostitution, which banned buying services as well as third party involvement. The conservative movement in Canada evolved from relatively informal pre-Confederation political movements or parties, gradually coalescing into
5548-814: The refugee crisis, the Vietnamese boat people in 1979 and 1980, the NCC staged a campaign against admitting the refugees of the Viet Nam war into Canada. They placed newspaper advertisements "questioning whether the government has been forthcoming about the number of Vietnamese refugees they will allow into Canada." David Somerville appeared on the CBC Sunday Morning show to present the NCC's case. The NCC has campaigned against : Conservatism in Canada Provincial Provincial Conservatism in Canada ( French : conservatisme )
5624-413: The status of Quebec through the failed Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords . During the government of Brian Mulroney (1984–1993), government spending on social programs was cut, taxes for individuals and businesses were reduced (but a new national tax appeared for nearly all goods and services), government intervention in the economy was significantly reduced, a free trade agreement was concluded with
5700-536: Was amended to mandate fixed election dates . In 2015, wealthy U.S.-style political action committees (PAC) organizations were introduced to Ontario and Alberta and were expected to play a major role in Canadian political elections at the provincial and federal level. PACs are new to Canadian federal politics and are "technically federal non-profit corporations" registered with Industry Canada . The Canada Elections Act allows PACs to "spend up to $ 150,000 on third-party advertising during an election" but "spending outside
5776-639: Was divided (especially by region) until the merger of the Progressive Conservatives and the Canadian Alliance (the direct successor to the Reform Party) in 2003. In the early days of electoral politics in Canada, the term conservatives or Tories applied to those people who supported the authority of colonial governors and their advisers over the elected assemblies. These conservatives took their cues from British Tories , especially Burke. They supported royal privilege, and were avowedly anti-democratic. Tory supporters were often descended from loyalists who had fled
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