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67-643: It became a center of wealth in the antebellum years, as a trading center for slaves and cotton, and the center of cotton culture in the Old Southwest. Today, this area corresponds roughly with and includes most of the lands south of Interstate 20 and west of Interstate 55 in the state of Mississippi , in the southwest corner of the state. After the United States made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 of large territories formerly controlled by France west of

134-733: A private prison operated by the Corrections Corporation of America on behalf of the Federal Bureau of Prisons , is in an unincorporated area in Adams County , near Natchez. Natchez is home to Alcorn State University 's Natchez Campus, which offers the School of Nursing, the School of Business, and graduate business programs. The School of Business offers Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree and other business classes from its Natchez campus. The MBA program attracts students from

201-719: A campus in Natchez. Adams County is in the district of Copiah–Lincoln Community College and has been since 1971. The city of Natchez and Adams County are in the boundary of one public school system, the Natchez-Adams School District . The district comprises ten schools. They are Susie B. West, Morgantown, Gilmer McLaurin, Joseph F. Frazier, Robert Lewis Magnet School, Natchez Freshman Academy, Natchez Early College@Co-Lin, Central Alternative School, Natchez High School , and Fallin Career and Technology Center. In Natchez, there are

268-449: A center of cotton planters and Mississippi River trade. Natchez is approximately 90 miles (140 km) southwest of the capital of Jackson and 85 miles (137 km) north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana , located on the lower Mississippi River. Natchez is the 28th-largest city in the state. The city was named for the Natchez people , who with their ancestors, inhabited much of the area from

335-489: A feasibility study for this extension. While this extension has considerable support among towns in southeastern North Carolina, the South Carolina Department of Transportation has stated that they have no interest in upgrading their portion of US 76 to an Interstate. Instead, South Carolina is concentrating their efforts on plans to build I-73 that will terminate near Myrtle Beach . This proposed extension

402-552: A general decline in population since 1960. It remains the principal city of the Natchez micropolitan area . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 13.9 square miles (36 km ), of which 13.2 square miles (34 km ) are land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km ) (4.62%) is water. Natchez has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) under the Köppen climate classification system. As of

469-552: A number of private and parochial schools. Adams County Christian School (ACCS) is also a PK-12 school in the city. Adams County Christian School was founded as a segregation academy and is a member of the Mississippi Association of Independent Schools (MAIS). Cathedral School is also a PK-12 school in the city. It is affiliated with the Roman Catholic St. Mary Basilica . Holy Family Catholic School, founded in 1890,

536-463: A pivotal center of trade, commerce, and the interchange of ethnic Native American, European, and African cultures in the region; it held this position for two centuries after its founding. In U.S. history, Natchez is recognized particularly for its role in the development of the Old Southwest during the first half of the 19th century. It was the southern terminus of the historic Natchez Trace , with

603-597: A result of this omission, control of the region was claimed by both Spain and the United States ; resulting in a dispute commonly referred to as the West Florida Controversy . Spain claimed sovereignty over the region south of boundary established for West Florida by the British in 1774. The U.S. claimed that Spain had regained only the territory transferred to Great Britain in 1763 – that laying south of

670-488: A wide range of academic disciplines and preparation from the Southwest Mississippi area and beyond offering concentrations in general business, gaming management and hospitality management. Both schools in the Natchez campus provide skills which has enabled community students to have an important impact on the economic opportunities of people in Southwest Mississippi. Copiah-Lincoln Community College also operates

737-660: Is a PK-3 school affiliated with Holy Family Catholic Church. Natchez is amid the Alexandria, Louisiana and Jackson, Mississippi television markets. U.S. 61 runs north–south, parallel to the Mississippi River, linking Natchez with Port Gibson , Woodville , Mississippi and Baton Rouge , Louisiana . U.S. 84 runs east–west and bridges the Mississippi, connecting it with Vidalia , Louisiana and Brookhaven , Mississippi . U.S. 425 runs north from Natchez after crossing

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804-814: Is also named the Purple Heart Highway from I-285 in DeKalb County to US 129 / US 441 / SR 24 in Madison, Georgia , and it is called the Carl Sanders Highway from US 129/US 441/SR 24 to the South Carolina state line. Upon leaving Augusta, I-20 crosses the Savannah River and enters the Palmetto State and heads northeastward, bypassing Aiken and Lexington before reaching

871-531: Is an unusually expansive stack interchange , at the junction of I-20, I-55 north, and US 49 south. The interchange replaces a former directional interchange at I-55 north and a cloverleaf interchange at US 49. From the stack, I-20 continues eastward to Meridian , where it begins the nearly 160-mile (260 km) overlap with I-59 . The route of the Mississippi section of I-20 is defined in Mississippi Code § 65-3-3. I-20 (along with I-59) crosses

938-410: Is currently unfunded. Two I-420s were planned but never completed or built. One was to be a bypass around Monroe, Louisiana , but was never built. The other I-420 was planned as a bypass to the south of Downtown Atlanta . Due to anti-freeway sentiments , this I-420 was never completed, and the already-built portion has been signed as State Route 154 (SR 154)/ SR 166 , named

1005-429: Is now signed I-30 (Dallas–Fort Worth Turnpike and from US 80/I-30 intersection at Mesquite to Downtown Dallas ), US 80 (former stretch between I-635 and Terrell ), and Spur 557 (bypass around Terrell). In 1977, I-20 was rerouted to go through the southern sections of Fort Worth, Arlington , Grand Prairie , Dallas , and Mesquite . It split off from the old route initially at I-820 in west Fort Worth

1072-524: The Atlanta metropolitan area . On clear days, eastbound motorists get their first view of Downtown Atlanta as they come over the top of Six Flags Hill. The Six Flags Over Georgia amusement park is easily visible off exit 46 eastbound. The highway then passes through the center of Atlanta , meeting with I-75 and I-85 , which share a common expressway (the Downtown Connector ). It continues through

1139-561: The Battle of Vicksburg in July 1863, many refugees, including former slaves, freed by the Emancipation Proclamation , began moving into Natchez and the surrounding countryside. The Union Army officers claimed to be short on resources and unable to provide for the refugees. The Army planned to address the situation with a mixture of paid labor for freed slaves on government leased plantations,

1206-556: The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex . The La Entrada al Pacífico corridor runs along I-20 between US Route 385 (US 385) and Farm to Market Road 1788 (FM 1788). Between Monahans and I-10, I-20 has an 80-mile-per-hour (130 km/h) speed limit. From the highway's opening in the 1960s through 1977, I-20 originally went through the heart of the metroplex via the Dallas–Fort Worth Turnpike . This old route

1273-541: The Florence area. It is near Florence where I-20 sees its eastern terminus at I-95 . However, for about two miles (3.2 km), the highway continues into Florence as I-20 Bus. I-20 in the Palmetto State is known as either the J. Strom Thurmond Freeway or John C. West Freeway. The first section to be completed was the bridge over the Savannah River in 1965; the last, the section between US 401 and I-95 (including

1340-585: The Langford Parkway (formerly the Lakewood Freeway). Natchez, Mississippi Natchez ( / ˈ n æ tʃ ɪ z / NATCH -iz ) is the only city in and the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi , United States. The population was 14,520 at the 2020 census . Located on the Mississippi River across from Vidalia, Louisiana , Natchez was a prominent city in the antebellum years ,

1407-510: The Mississippi River . Before crossing the Mississippi, the highway passes Tallulah . At the Mississippi River, I-20 leaves Louisiana and enters Vicksburg . Upon entering Mississippi by crossing the Mississippi River , I-20 immediately enters Vicksburg . Between Edwards and Clinton , the highway mostly follows the original two-lane routing of US 80 . In Jackson, I-20 sees a short concurrency with both I-55 and US 49 . Also in Jackson

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1474-566: The Upper South in the domestic slave trade . They were brought overland, by riverboat, and by ocean-going ships to New Orleans . This forced migration broke up families and transplanted a large new African-descended population (with also European and Native American ancestry among many) to the area. The Deep South developed as a strong center of African-American culture. Many cotton planters became so wealthy that they acquired thousands of acres and hundreds of African American slaves to work

1541-669: The War of 1812 . Today the modern Natchez Trace Parkway , which commemorates this route, still has its southern terminus in Natchez. In the decades preceding the Civil War, Natchez was by far the most prevalent slave trading city in Mississippi, and second in the United States only to New Orleans. The leading markets were located at the Forks of the Road , at the intersection of Liberty Road and Washington Road (now D'Evereux Drive and St. Catherine Street). In 1833,

1608-401: The census of 2020, there were 14,520 people, 6,028 households, and 3,149 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, there were 18,464 people, 7,591 households, and 4,858 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,398.3 inhabitants per square mile (539.9/km ). There were 8,479 housing units at an average density of 642.1 per square mile (247.9/km ). In 2000,

1675-628: The plantation system to the area. The first important plantation crop was tobacco . In 1774, Great Britain enlarged the boundaries of the West Florida colony—established in 1763 from territory along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast taken from France and Spain following the French and Indian War (the Seven Years' War )—from the 31st parallel north to 32° 22′ north. By 1776, a sizable colony of English-speaking planters had settled there. The area nearest

1742-529: The 31st parallel. In 1784, the Spanish closed New Orleans and the Mississippi River Delta , which they controlled, to American goods coming down the Mississippi. After several years of negotiations, Spain and the United States signed a treaty of friendship October 27, 1795. Commonly called Pinckney's Treaty , the agreement defined the border between the United States and Spanish Florida , and guaranteed

1809-561: The 80 years or so following the war by the photographers Henry C. Norman and his son Earl. The output of the Norman Studio between roughly 1870 and 1950 documents this period in Natchez's development vividly; the photographs are now preserved as the Thomas and Joan Gandy Collection in special collections of the library of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. During the twentieth century,

1876-508: The 8th century AD through the French colonial period. Established by French colonists in 1716, Natchez is one of the oldest and most important European settlements in the lower Mississippi River Valley . After the French lost the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), they ceded Natchez and near territory to Great Britain in the Treaty of Paris of 1763 . (It later traded other territory east of

1943-521: The Alabama state line near York , and it stays conjoined as it passes through western Alabama and Tuscaloosa . At Birmingham , the two highways pass through downtown together before splitting at exit 130 just east of Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport . I-20 continues eastward through Oxford – Anniston and the Talladega National Forest , passing by Talladega Superspeedway in

2010-526: The Atlanta metropolitan area eastward and through the eastern half of Georgia until it exits the state, crossing the Savannah River at Augusta . Throughout the state, I-20 is conjoined with unsigned State Route 402 (SR 402). Also, I-20 from the Alabama state line to I-285 in Atlanta is named the "Tom Murphy Freeway", but it is called the "Ralph David Abernathy Freeway" within I-285. The Interstate Highway

2077-715: The Louisiana border near Waskom. In Louisiana , I-20 roughly parallels US 80 through the northern part of the state. Entering the state from near Waskom, Texas , the highway immediately enters the Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area , intersecting I-49 near downtown Shreveport and passing close to Barksdale Air Force Base in Bossier City. I-20 traverses mainly rural, hilly terrain, bypassing Minden , Grambling , and Ruston before reaching Monroe . From Monroe, I-20 enters flatter terrain as it approaches

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2144-548: The Mississippi River was developed first, as it had important transportation access via the river. Later, as a riverport, cotton and slave market, it became the wealthiest area in the antebellum South . At the end of the American Revolutionary War , Great Britain ceded West Florida to Spain as part of the 1783 Treaty of Paris . When this transaction was made however, West Florida's boundaries, which had changed while under British sovereignty , were not specified. As

2211-402: The Mississippi River with Great Britain, which expanded what it called West Florida). The British Crown bestowed land grants in this territory to officers who had served with distinction in the war. These officers came mostly from the colonies of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. They established plantations and brought their upper-class style of living to the area. Beginning 1779, the area

2278-527: The Mississippi River, the lowlying delta area on the west side of the river became considered part of the Natchez District. Several parishes were developed for plantation cotton cultivation here in the antebellum era, unlike southern Louisiana, where sugar cane was the dominant commodity crop. The Louisiana Natchez District included the parishes of Carroll (split between East Carroll and West Carroll in 1877), Concordia , Madison and Tensas . The district

2345-423: The Mississippi, connecting Ferriday with Clayton , at which point U.S. 65 follows the west bank of the Mississippi, connecting to Waterproof north to St. Joseph , Newellton , and Tallulah , Louisiana . U.S. 98 runs east from Natchez towards Bude and McComb , Mississippi . Mississippi 555 runs north from the center of Natchez to where it joins Mississippi Highway 554. Mississippi 554 runs from

2412-522: The Natchez District. Unlike southern Louisiana, which was devoted to sugar cane cultivation, this area was developed for cotton plantations. When organized, the parishes included Carroll Parish, Louisiana (split between East Carroll and West Carroll in 1877), Concordia , Madison and Tensas . Following the American Civil War, African Americans here joined the Republican Party, as did others in

2479-598: The Natchez and Tombigbee districts), with Natchez as its first capital . Eli Whitney’s development of the cotton gin in the late 18th century contributed to the development of the area, and the Deep South as a whole, as it made mechanized processing of short-staple cotton profitable. This type of cotton was better suited to the upland areas of the Deep South. Planters in the Natchez District became very wealthy by converting their tobacco plantations to cotton, for which there

2546-581: The South at that time. In the middle of the nineteenth century, the city attracted wealthy Southern planters as residents, who built mansions to fit their ambitions. Their plantations were vast tracts of land in the surrounding lowlands along the river fronts of Mississippi and Louisiana, where they grew large commodity crops of cotton and sugarcane using slave labor . Natchez became the principal port from which these crops were exported, both upriver to Northern cities and downriver to New Orleans, where much of

2613-474: The South. From 1870 to 1871, Robert H. Wood served as Mayor of Natchez; he was the one of only five African Americans to serve as mayor during the Reconstruction-era, and he was one of the first black mayors in the entire country. Natchez was also home to politicians Hiram Rhodes Revels and John R. Lynch , both African Americans. The vitality of the city and region was captured most significantly in

2680-636: The Southeast. In the Carolinas , Georgia , and Alabama , the cotton-growing areas became known as the Black Belt . From Natchez, the cotton plantation system spread north into the Mississippi embayment region, and west along the rivers of Louisiana , Arkansas , and Texas . In the antebellum years, nearly all plantations were developed with frontage on a river , for transportation. The U.S. government recognized

2747-485: The United States acquired this area from the Spanish, the city served as the capital of the Mississippi Territory and then of the state of Mississippi . It predates Jackson by more than a century; the latter replaced Natchez as the capital in 1822, as it was more centrally located in the developing state. The strategic location of Natchez, on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River , ensured that it would be

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2814-532: The United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River , and the right to transfer goods without paying cargo fees (right of deposit) when they transferred goods from one ship to another at the Port of New Orleans . Nine months later, on August 3, 1796, the U.S. officially took possession of the region. Then, on April 7, 1798, the United States Congress established the Mississippi Territory (comprising both

2881-639: The business spur), opened in August ;1975. I-20 was built in 1957 connecting Texas to the east coast running through Shreveport, Ruston, and Monroe making it their first Interstate. I-20's exit numbers in Georgia were changed in 2000. In 2003, the North Carolina Department of Transportation proposed extending I-20 eastward from Florence to Wilmington at the behest of North Carolina Governor Mike Easley and his 'Strategic Transportation Plan' for

2948-570: The cargo was exported to Europe. Many of the mansions built by planters before 1860 survive and form a major part of the city's architecture and identity. Agriculture remained the primary economic base for the region until well into the twentieth century. During the American Civil War Natchez was surrendered by Confederate forces without a fight in September 1862. Following the Union victory at

3015-486: The city's economy experienced a downturn, first due to the replacement of steamboat traffic on the Mississippi River by railroads in the early 1900s, some of which bypassed the river cities and drew away their commerce. Later in the 20th century, many local industries closed in a restructuring that sharply reduced the number of jobs in the area. Despite its status as a popular destination for heritage tourism because of well-preserved antebellum architecture , Natchez has had

3082-399: The day, Franklin and Armfield sold slaves individually, with the buyers allowed to survey the people much like items in a modern retail store. In 1840, the city was struck by a devastating tornado that killed 317 people and injured 109. It ranks today as the second-deadliest tornado in U.S. history, although the death toll may be higher due to slave deaths not traditionally being counted in

3149-915: The earliest national highways. 31°30′56″N 91°10′11″W  /  31.51556°N 91.16972°W  / 31.51556; -91.16972 Interstate 20 Interstate 20 ( I‑20 ) is a major east–west Interstate Highway in the Southern United States . I-20 runs 1,539 miles (2,477 km) beginning at an interchange with I-10 in Reeves County, Texas , and ending at an interchange with I-95 in Florence, South Carolina . Between Texas and South Carolina, I-20 runs through northern Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. The major cities that I-20 connects to include Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas ; Shreveport, Louisiana ; Jackson, Mississippi ; Birmingham, Alabama ; Atlanta, Georgia ; and Columbia, South Carolina . From its terminus at I-95,

3216-574: The enlistment of able-bodied males who were willing to fight in the Union Army and the establishment of refugee camps where former slaves could be provided with education. However, as the war continued, the plan was never effectively implemented and the leased plantations were crowded, poorly managed and frequently raided by Confederate troops who controlled the surrounding territory. Hundreds of people living in Natchez, including many former slaves and refugees, died of hunger, disease, overwork or were killed in

3283-404: The expense of Britain. Once the war was over, they were not inclined to give up that which they had acquired by force. In 1797 Major Andrew Ellicott of the United States marched to the highest ridge in the young town of Natchez, set up camp, and raised the first American Flag claiming Natchez and all former Spanish lands east of the Mississippi above the 31st parallel for the United States. After

3350-471: The fighting during this period. In order to manage the tens of thousands of freed Black slaves, the Union Army created a refugee camp in Natchez in a natural pit known as the Devil's Punchbowl , where thousands died of starvation, smallpox, and other diseases. After the American Civil War, the city's economy rapidly revived, mostly due to Natchez having been spared the destruction visited upon many other parts of

3417-427: The highway continues about two miles (3.2 km) eastward into the city of Florence as I-20 Business (I-20 Bus.). I-20 runs from Texas to South Carolina serving major southern economic hubs such as Dallas–Fort Worth and Atlanta . I-20 begins in western Reeves County at a fork with I-10. From there, the highway travels east-northeastward through Odessa , Midland , and Abilene before turning eastward toward

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3484-432: The lands. They built elegant mansions in and around the town of Natchez, and they hired overseers to manage their plantations in the countryside. Stephen Duncan (1787–1867) of Mississippi was reported to have owned more than 1,000 slaves, making him the richest cotton planter in the world at the time. In 1806, an improved Mexican variety of cotton made the commodity crop even more profitable. The Mexican variety

3551-560: The later on at its current junction near Aledo in Parker County . It rejoins the old route near Terrell. Part of I-20 in Dallas used to be signed as I-635 and shares the Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway name with the remainder of I-635. Parts on the south side of Fort Worth were originally signed as I-820. I-20 continues eastward from Terrell, bypassing Tyler , Longview , and Marshall before crossing

3618-571: The most active slavers in the United States, John Armfield and Isaac Franklin began a program of arbitraging low slave prices in the Middle Atlantic area by sending thousands of slaves to Deep South markets in Natchez and New Orleans. Their company, Franklin and Armfield sent an annual caravan of slaves, called a coffle, from Virginia to the Forks of the Road in Natchez, as well as sending others by ship through New Orleans. Unlike other slave sellers of

3685-577: The north side of the city to where it joins Highway 61, northeast of town. Natchez is served by the Natchez Railway, which interchanges with Canadian National . Natchez is served by the Natchez-Adams County Airport , a general aviation facility. The nearest airports with commercial service are Baton Rouge Metropolitan Airport , 85 miles (137 km) to the south via US 61 and Alexandria International Airport , 82 miles (132 km) to

3752-595: The northern terminus being Nashville, Tennessee . After unloading their cargoes in Natchez or New Orleans , many pilots and crew of flatboats and keelboats traveled by the Trace overland to their homes in the Ohio River Valley . (Given the strong current of the Mississippi River, it was not until steam-powered vessels were developed in the 1820s that travel northward on the river could be accomplished by large boats.) The Natchez Trace also played an important role during

3819-438: The process, which is visible from the highway. Also in Birmingham, the intersection of I-20/I-59 and I-65 was known as a Malfunction Junction because of the interchange's somewhat-confusing design, and the number of traffic accidents that occurred there. This section of the Interstate and its interchanges have since been reconfigured. I-20 enters Georgia near Tallapoosa and after passing through western Georgia, it enters

3886-577: The racial and ethnic makeup of the city was 54.49% African American , 44.18% White , 0.38% Asian , 0.11% Native American , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.18% from other races , and 0.63% from two or more races. 0.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Since then, with the publication of the 2020 census, its racial and ethnic makeup was 60.12% African American, 35.51% non-Hispanic white, 0.11% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.36% other or mixed, and 1.38% Hispanic or Latino of any race. Adams County Correctional Center ,

3953-491: The southeast portion of the state. The proposed route would follow US 76 east from Florence to Whiteville, North Carolina , then parallel US 74 /US 76 into Wilmington. Part of this route is already designated the future eastern extension of I-74 . As part of the 2005 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users transportation legislation, North Carolina received $ 5 million (equivalent to $ 7.5 million in 2023 ) for

4020-404: The state capital of Columbia , which can be reached most directly by taking I-26 east at exit 64 ("Malfunction Junction"), then, almost immediately, I-126 / US 76 . At Columbia, I-20 bypasses the city to the north and again turns northeastward, bypassing Fort Jackson and Camden . After crossing the Wateree River , it turns due east and passes by tiny Bishopville , before reaching

4087-404: The state. They were severely suppressed after Reconstruction. For example, whites allowed no black voters in East Carroll Parish, which was majority black, until a federal judge registered some in 1962. The cotton boom of the early 19th century spread across the South from two primary cultural hearths: coastal South Carolina and the Natchez District. Cotton plantations were developed throughout

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4154-410: The strategic importance of Natchez early on, and as the city developed as a primary cotton port , Congress financed the building and improvement of roads leading to it. The U.S. Army widened the Natchez Trace , which connected the region to Nashville, Tennessee , in order to accommodate wagons . The road was placed under the oversight of the Postmaster General of the United States , making it one of

4221-453: The west via US 84 to LA-28W. Various movies have been shot here, including The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (1974), Crossroads (1986), Raintree County (1957), Horse Soldiers (1959), Rascals and Robbers: The Secret Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1981), The Ladykillers (2004), Get On Up (2014) and Ma (film) (2019). In the opening narration of The Apartment (1960), C.C. Baxter mentions

4288-424: Was a large market between 1785 and 1800. The rich loess soils proved very fertile for cotton cultivation. The planters developed new, more productive strains of cotton, improved cotton gins, and developed a large-scale system dependent upon both machinery and large numbers of slaves . Their model was expanded in the antebellum South, creating such a demand for slaves that more than one million were transported from

4355-449: Was crossed with the older black-seeded species to make improved varieties that made the state of Mississippi famous. The most noted cotton varieties (Belle Creole, Jethro, Parker, and Petit Gulf) were bred in Mississippi. In 1803 the United States had made the Louisiana Purchase , acquiring vast territories west of the Mississippi River. The lowlying delta area west of the river across from Natchez also became informally considered part of

4422-466: Was the home of the Natchez and other people, before Europeans arrived. Prior to its development in the late 18th century, this area had been known to Europeans for many years, primarily French explorers and colonists. The French explorer Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville had passed through the area in 1699 and had christened both the Amité and the Tangipahoa rivers. In the early 18th century, settlers from Louisiana began to introduce African slaves and

4489-400: Was under Spanish colonial rule. After defeat in the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain ceded the territory to the United States under the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1783). Spain was not a party to the treaty, and it was their forces who had taken Natchez from British troops. Although Spain had been allied with the American colonists, they were more interested in advancing their power at

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