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84-601: Nabi Musa is also a Palestinian administrative territorial unit in the Jericho Governorate on the West Bank , with an area of c. 113 km and situated south of Jericho, in which 66 Palestinian households were counted in 2007, a population defined in 2012 as "nomads" (see West Bank Bedouin ). By 2017, Nabi Musa district had a population of 343 residents. The shrine of Nabi Musa lies 11 km (6.8 mi) south of Jericho and 20 km (12 mi) east of Jerusalem , in

168-421: A communal meal every day. It was customary to bring young boys aged five, six or older to the two major Palestinian annual pilgrimage sites of Nebi Musa and Nebi Rubin , where they would be circumcised. Sheep were sacrificed in front of the maqam door, and the blood of the victim was smeared on the threshold. Writing in the early 20th century, Samuel Curtiss recorded that an estimated 15,000 people from all over

252-598: A cross-section of the community. In 2016, it was announced that the Roman Missal had been revised to allow women to participate as part of the 12 in the Mandatum. Previously, only males partook of the rite. Others theorize that the English name "Maundy Thursday" arose from "maunds" or baskets or "maundy purses" of alms which the king of England distributed to certain poor at Whitehall before attending Mass on that day. Thus, "maund"

336-417: A fixed point in the local Muslim calendar from the time of Saladin . In any case, tradition holds that the spot where the shrine now stands was shown to Saladin in a dream, which prompted him to build a mosque at the site, later expanded by Baibars. The Arab geographer Mujir al-Din from Jerusalem, writing in the 1490s, admits that the tradition has only a weak chance of authenticity, but that Nabi Musa still

420-464: A guard of ten wiry swordsmen. Proudly they walked with their flag, until they came to where the narrow Street of David plunges down into the labyrinth of the old city . For the last time they whirled their bright blades above their heads and disappeared into the shadows of the streets. In Letters from Jerusalem: During the Palestine Mandate (1922–25), Eunice Holliday describes the procession to

504-511: A kiss like Judas . But like the Thief will I confess Thee: Remember me, O Lord, in Thy Kingdom . When necessary to replenish the sacrament for communing the sick at a time not following a divine liturgy , an additional Lamb (Host) is consecrated on this day, intincted , covered, and left to dry until Holy Saturday when it is divided, completely dried with a candle flame, and the pieces placed in

588-524: A noun refers to a small basket held out by maunders as they maunded. Other sources reject this etymology. Maundy Thursday initiates the Paschal Triduum , the period which commemorates the passion , death , and resurrection of Jesus . This period includes Good Friday and Holy Saturday , and ends on the evening of Easter Sunday. The Mass of the Lord's Supper or service of worship is normally celebrated in

672-411: A population of three males in one house. Jericho Governorate The Jericho Governorate ( Arabic : محافظة أريحا , romanized :  Muḥāfaẓat Arīḥā ) is one of 16 Governorates of Palestine . Its capital is Jericho . The governorate is located along the eastern areas of the West Bank , along the northern Dead Sea and southern Jordan River valley bordering Jordan . It spans west to

756-502: A potent symbol of both political and religious identity among Muslims from the outset of the modern period. Over the 19th century, thousands of Muslims would assemble in Jerusalem, trek to Nabi Musa, and pass three days in feasting, prayer, games and visits to the nearby tomb of Moses' shepherd, Hasan er-Rai. They were then entertained, as guests of the waqf, before returning on the seventh day triumphantly back to Jerusalem. James Finn ,

840-634: A time when the central government was trying to pacify the Empire. This had been indeed the impression of the engineer (seconded to the Palestine Exploration Fund ) Claude Conder . The Hebrew paper, Ha-havazelet , at the time blessed the Ottoman government for imposing law and order in the Nabi Musa affair. The travelogues of Francis Newton testify as well to a peaceful execution of the ceremonies. Indeed,

924-742: Is Vespers combined with the Liturgy of St. Basil the Great at which is read a Composite Gospel, primarily taken from Matthew , but with episodes inserted from John ( the Washing of the Feet ) and Luke ( Jesus sweating blood ), and many of the normal hymns of the Divine Liturgy are substituted with the following troparion : Of Thy Mystical Supper, O Son of God, accept me today as a communicant; for I will not speak of Thy Mystery to Thine enemies, neither will I give Thee

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1008-507: Is a 1967 restoration of the rite recorded in the early 200s by the historian Hippolytus who writes of a ceremony taking place during the Easter Vigil at which two holy oils were blessed and one was consecrated. In the decree renewing this rite Pope Paul VI said, "The Chrism Mass is one of the principal expressions of the fullness of the bishop's priesthood and signifies the closeness of the priests with him." The Holy Oils are: The oil of

1092-478: Is a celebration of the institution of the priesthood. During the Mass, those present are called to renew their baptismal promises. Priests/ministers and deacons also reaffirm their ministry by renewing the promises made at their ordination. The Mass takes its name from the blessing of the holy oils used in the sacraments throughout the year, which are then given to priests to take back to their parishes. The service

1176-542: Is a custom dating back to King Edward I . The red purse contains regular currency and is given in place of food and clothing. The white purse has money in the amount of one penny for each year of the Sovereign's age. Since 1822, rather than ordinary money, the Sovereign gives out Maundy coins , which are specially minted 1, 2, 3 and 4 penny pieces, and are legal tender. The service at which this takes place rotates around English and Welsh churches, though in 2008 it took place for

1260-628: Is another province of the Anglican Communion, also refers to the Thursday before Easter as "Maundy Thursday". Throughout the Anglican Communion, the term "Holy Thursday" is a synonym for Ascension Day . The Roman Rite of the Catholic Church uses the name "Holy Thursday" in its modern English-language liturgical books. The Latin books use the name Feria quinta in Cena Domini ("Thursday of

1344-569: Is connected to the Latin mendicare , and French mendier , to beg. A source from the Shepherd of the Springs, Lutheran Church likewise states that, if the name was derived from the Latin mandatum , we would call the day Mandy Thursday, or Mandate Thursday, or even Mandatum Thursday. The term "Maundy" comes from the Latin mendicare , Old French mendier , and English maund , which as a verb means to beg and as

1428-613: Is forbidden until after Thomas Sunday . Oriental Orthodox Churches celebrate Covenant Thursday during Holy Week (based on their local calendars). They offer praises and vespers every day of week, and on Thursday and Saturday they remain in church praising God and reading about the First Liturgy and Judas' Betrayal. On Saturday they sing praises for the Entrance of the Messiah in Hades freeing all of

1512-526: Is the day during Holy Week that commemorates the Washing of the Feet (Maundy) and Last Supper of Jesus Christ with the Apostles, as described in the canonical gospels . It is the fifth day of Holy Week, preceded by Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday) and followed by Good Friday . "Maundy" comes from the Latin word mandatum , or commandment, reflecting Jesus' words "I give you a new commandment." The date of

1596-533: Is the most popular among several sites with similar claims. The Taiyabi and Dawoodi Bohra Isma'ili sects also believe in this tradition. Although being a religious Muslim festival, its date is set in relation to the Greek Orthodox calendar: the main event, which took one week, always started on the Friday preceding Good Friday . Starting in the mid-19th century, the participants gathered in Jerusalem already in

1680-660: Is the name of the Christian rite of footwashing, which traditionally occurs during Maundy Thursday church services. The English word maundy in the name for the day is derived through Middle English and Old French mandé , from the Latin mandatum (also the origin of the English word "mandate"), the first word of the phrase " Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos " ("A new commandment I give unto you: That you love one another, as I have loved you, that you also love one another.") By this statement in chapter 13 of

1764-478: Is written in easily legible script and placed low enough as to be read by the visitor, letting everyone know about Baibars' might and piety. Baibars al-Bunduqdari's constructive piety set a precedent for others. Over the late medieval period, hostels for travellers were built adjacent to the shrine, and the hospice in its present form was completed in the decade between 1470 and 1480. During Ottoman rule, Nabi Musa would be visited by Muslim pilgrims returning from

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1848-495: The Gloria Patri . Due to the new trend of late Mass times (sometimes 7 or 8 pm) to allow for more churchgoers, eight churches are the maximum number visited (even in the city area, where these are closer to each other than in outer residential areas) before these close at midnight. A festive atmosphere exists, with the sale of drinks, hot cross buns and other local snacks like the traditional kueh ko chee . Observant Catholics have

1932-659: The Easter Vigil . After the homily the washing of feet may be performed. The Blessed Sacrament remains exposed, at least in the Catholic Mass, until the service concludes with a procession taking it to the place of reposition . The altar is later stripped bare, as are all other altars in the church except the Altar of Repose. In pre-1970 editions, the Roman Missal of the Catholic Church envisages this being done ceremonially, to

2016-602: The Judaean Desert . A side road to the right of the main Jerusalem-Jericho road, about 2 km (1.2 mi) beyond the sign indicating sea level , leads to the site. In a hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah (Bukhari: 3407): "The Angel of Death was sent to Moses when he came to Moses, Moses slapped him on the eye. The angel returned to his Lord and said, "You have sent me to a Slave who does not want to die." Allah said, "Return to him and tell him to put his hand on

2100-603: The Kerala State of India . Certain German states declare a public holiday for public sector employees. In the UK, civil servants were traditionally granted a half-day holiday (known as "privilege leave") on this date, but that was abolished, by David Cameron, after 2012. The tradition of visiting seven churches on Holy Thursday is an ancient practice, probably originating in Rome . and occurs among

2184-661: The Last Supper , Christian denominations who observe this day universally celebrate the sacrament of Holy Communion , which they teach was instituted by Jesus on this night. In the Catholic Church, the Lutheran Church and in certain Anglican congregations, the Mass of the Lord's Supper begins as usual, but the Gloria is accompanied by the ringing of church bells , which are then silent until

2268-739: The Lutheran Church , and certain Reformed Churches . Certain Presbyterian Churches use the term "Maundy Thursday" to refer to the holy day in their official sources. In the Byzantine Rite the name for the holy day is "Great and Holy Thursday" or "Holy Thursday", and in Western Rite Orthodoxy "Maundy Thursday", "Holy Thursday" or both. The Coptic Orthodox Church uses the term "Covenant Thursday" or "Thursday of

2352-562: The Philippines the tradition is called Visita Iglesia ( Spanish , "church visit") – people visit churches to pray, usually reciting the Stations of the Cross . It is a chiefly urban custom, as churches are located closer to each other in cities , and supposedly because it originates in visiting the seven churches of Intramuros that stood until the 1945 Bombing of Manila . The original purpose of

2436-458: The artophorion . In cathedrals and monasteries the ceremony of the Washing of Feet is normally performed. When there is need to consecrate more chrism , that is performed by patriarchs and other heads of the various autocephalous churches. In the evening, after the Liturgy, all of the hangings and vestments are changed to black or some other dark colour, to signify the beginning of

2520-509: The "odor of sanctity" to which those who are marked with it, are called to strive. With respect to Anglicanism, the 1979 Book of Common Prayer (p. 307) calls for chrism to be consecrated by the bishop. In many dioceses, the consecration of chrism by the bishop may be done at a service of reaffirmation of ordination vows during Holy Week. During the Chrism Eucharist, the Bishop will bless

2604-607: The 1911 Catholic Encyclopedia used the term "Maundy Thursday", and some Catholic writers use the same term either primarily, or alternatively. The Methodist Book of Worship for Church and Home (1965) uses the term "Maundy Thursday"; the Book of Worship (1992) uses the term "Holy Thursday", and other official sources of the United Methodist Church use both "Maundy Thursday" and "Holy Thursday". Both names are used by other Christian denominations as well, including

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2688-699: The British Consul in Jerusalem (1846–1863), described the "Neby Moosa pilgrimage" as follows: The Neby Moosa pilgrimages—to the reputed tomb of the prophet Moses, near the Dead Sea (on the West)—have been instituted so as to coincide with the Christian pilgrimages to the Holy Sepulchre, and the influx of devout Moslems was doubtless intended to counterbalance the effect of so many thousands of sturdy Christians being present in Jerusalem. The Moslems come from every part of

2772-629: The Covenant". In the Maronite Church and the Syriac Orthodox Church , the name is "Thursday of Mysteries". "Maundy Thursday" is the official name of the day in the civil legislation of England and the Philippines. The day has also been known in English as Shere Thursday (also spelled Sheer Thursday ), from the word shere (meaning "clean" or "bright"). This name might refer to

2856-579: The Gospel of John , Jesus explained to the Apostles the significance of his action of washing their feet. The phrase is used as the antiphon sung in the Roman Rite during the Maundy ( Ecclesiastical Latin : "Mandatum") ceremony of the washing of the feet, which may be held during Mass or as a separate event. A priest or bishop, representing Christ, ceremonially washes the feet of others, typically 12 persons chosen as

2940-544: The Hajj in Mecca on their way to Syria. Pilgrims visiting the shrine would have departed from the main body of the caravan east of the Jordan to visit Jerusalem and stopped in Nabi Musa en route to the city. The Nabi Musa site effectively served as a halting station for such pilgrims. Its permanent staff provided pilgrims with food and supplies, as well as religious services and information about

3024-663: The Husaynis conserved for the annual occasion in their al-Dar al-Kabira (the Great House). On arriving at the shrine, the al-Husaynis and another rising Jerusalem family of notables ( A'ayan ), the Yunis clan, were required to provide two meals a day over the week for all worshippers. Once their vows were taken, or vows previously taken were renewed, they were offered to the festival. The priestly family conducting events would provide about twelve lambs, together with rice, bread, and Arab butter, for

3108-620: The Mohammedan world—from India , Tartary , even to the confines of China , from all the countries of Central Asia , and also from Egypt, Nubia , Morocco , the Eastern shores of Africa, as well as from Arabia proper and the Turkish provinces in Europe and Asia. These pilgrims—for the most part extremely fanatical, and in a high state of religious excitement—are a formidable and dangerous body of men. During

3192-462: The Moslem pilgrimages were over, and when their noisy drumming and shouting were at an end, and the usual quiet of Jerusalem was restored. As part of the mid-19th-century Ottoman modernisation and reform period , the newly created local council for Jerusalem was put in charge of organising the Nabi Musa festivities. Its members, all of which belonged to the rich and influential families of the city, changed

3276-583: The Nabi Musa pilgrimage and as the head of the Supreme Muslim Council , became the architect of a new concept for the Nabi Musa festival, which he very energetically used as a tool for his national and political plans. The 1922 census of Palestine does not mention Nabi Musa, but the 1931 census lists Nabi Musa as home to three Muslims, all living in one house. The 1938 village statistics lists Nabi Musa as having 967 residents (692 non-Jews and 275 Jews). The 1945 village statistics lists Nabi Musa, along with

3360-612: The Ottoman Empire and uniting several former distinct provinces under this new name, for which they organised both a civilian representation for its Arab inhabitants, and a religious one for the Muslim majority, the British had created the base and institutions for the development of a burgeoning national identity. Even Palestinian Christians came to Jerusalem during the festival to support the nationalist cause. Hajj Amin al-Husseini, as custodian of

3444-613: The Passion. Anticipating the Matins of Friday morning, the Holy Passion service of the reading of the Twelve Gospels is conducted. In these readings Christ's last instructions to his disciples are presented, as well as the prophecy of the drama of the Cross, Christ's prayer, and his new commandment. The twelve readings are: Beginning on Holy and Great Thursday, the memorial service for the dead

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3528-725: The Saladin narrative. In modern times, the holiday has been popularly associated with Saladin as a symbol for the victorious struggle against the West, embodied by the Crusaders. It is claimed that Saladin, after defeating the Europeans, wanted to ensure that future Crusades wouldn't take advantage of the large annual Easter pilgrimage to Jerusalem in order to again wrestle the Holy City from the Muslims. To this end,

3612-416: The September 2000 outbreak of the Second Intifada , Israeli authorities banned it again until it being renewed in 2007. After 1967, Israel has constructed near Nabi Musa several Jewish settlements , in addition to tourist sites, using Nabi Musa-owned land: After the 1995 accords , 1.7% of Nabi Musa's land was classified as Area A , the remaining 98.3% as Area C . The large tomb two kilometres south of

3696-409: The Supper of the Lord"; the medieval spelling Cœna was used in place of Cena in documents predating the 1955 decree Maxima redemptionis ), along with Maundy Thursday as the English name, as given in The Saint Andrew Daily Missal . The personal ordinariates in the Catholic Church, which have an Anglican patrimony, retain the traditional English term "Maundy Thursday", however. An article in

3780-458: The Tomb of Moses in a letter to her mother as follows: "The procession was the queerest thing I have ever seen, a more disorganised affair you could not imagine, but then that is typical of the country. The people came along in batches, just a crowd with banner of silk, of all colours, then a crowd dancing - Arabic dancing is a joke - then a crowd singing and waving swords or sticks and, interspersed, groups of mounted police and soldiers to see there

3864-403: The Turkish government must have acted here against popular feelings, shared by the Husaynis as the masters of the ceremony that Nabi Musa was celebrated in the most unfavourable conditions for the Muslims. It was the iron fist imposed by the Turks that prevented the situation from deteriorating into an all out riot.' The procession moved off from Jerusalem under a distinctive Nabi Musa banner which

3948-430: The accompaniment of Psalms 21–22 , a practice which continues in the Lutheran churches and Anglican churches of Anglo-Catholic churchmanship . In other Christian denominations , such as the Methodist Churches, the stripping of the altar and other items on the chancel also occurs, as a preparation for the somber Good Friday service. The stripping of the altar represents "the abandonment of Jesus by his disciples and

4032-440: The act of cleaning, or to the fact that churches would switch liturgical colors from the dark tones of Lent , or because it was customary to shear the beard on that day, or for a combination of reasons. This name has cognates in the Nordic languages, such as Danish skærtorsdag , Swedish skärtorsdag , Norwegian skjærtorsdag , Faroese skírhósdagur and skírisdagur , Icelandic skírdagur , and Finnish kiirastorstai . Maundy

4116-461: The back of an ox and for every hair that will come under it, he will be granted one year of life." Moses said, "O Lord! What will happen after that?" Allah replied, "Then death." Moses said, "Let it come now." Moses then requested Allah to let him die close to the Sacred Land so much so that he would be at a distance of a stone's throw from it." Abu Huraira added, " Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, 'If I were there, I would show you his grave below

4200-419: The building of this noble sacred place over the tomb of Moses" while he was on his way from Mecca , where he had performed his hajj , towards Jerusalem. Although the sultan's secretary doesn't mention the construction, one of his biographers, Ibn Shaddad al-Halabi , does so, be it with little detail. The inscription is full of praise for Baibars' military prowess and, other than other similar plaques of its age,

4284-448: The catechumens and chrism are used on the upcoming Holy Saturday at the Easter Vigil , for the baptism and confirmation of those entering the church. While the Oil of the Catechumens and the Oil of the Sick, are simply "blessed," the Sacred Chrism is "consecrated,". Holy chrism is a mixture of olive oil and balsam, an aromatic resin. Balsam is poured into the oil, which gives it a sweet smell intended to remind those who encounter it of

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4368-422: The companions of Mohammed , and their maintenance was funded by an waqf , an endowment from properties that formerly belonged to the Latin Church . In the case of Nabi Musa, the waqf fund was secured from ecclesiastical assets expropriated in nearby Jericho. Baibars' construction inscription is still to be seen, and it indicates the year the shrine was built, AH 668 (1269-70 CE), and the fact that he "ordered

4452-522: The continuance of the Russian war these Moslem pilgrims were wrought up to an extra pitch of fervour and ostentatious demonstration. There was always danger lest, in the crowded streets and bazaars, through which they forced their processions, they might come into collision with some equally fervid pilgrims on the Christian side. In this case a passing fray might, in the twinkling of an eye, be turned into downright fight, and fight could scarcely end otherwise than in massacre. We always breathed more freely when

4536-473: The country attended the Nabi Musa festival every year. For some years from 1919 onwards, pilgrims made their trek back from Jericho to Jerusalem to the sound of English military music. The anti-Jewish and anti-British 1920 Nebi Musa riots took their starting point during that year's Nebi Musa pilgrimage, with Arabs attacking Jews in the Old City of Jerusalem and causing several deaths. The young Hajj Amin al-Husseini , who had held an anti-Zionist speech to

4620-422: The custodians of Nabi Musa, they suspended the mass gathering in Jerusalem and the procession, allowing only for the celebrations at the desert sanctuary to be held. After the 1967 Six-Day War , Israel occupied the West Bank. In 1987 the pilgrimage from Jerusalem to Nabi Musa was authorised again, but after the outbreak of the First Intifada in December, the festival was again prohibited. Since 1995, control over

4704-409: The day will vary according to whether the Gregorian calendar or the Julian calendar is used. Eastern churches generally use the Julian system. Use of the names "Maundy Thursday", "Holy Thursday", and others is not evenly distributed. The generally accepted name for the day varies according to geographical area and religious affiliation. Thus, although in England "Maundy Thursday" is the normal term,

4788-446: The evening, when Friday begins according to Jewish tradition, as the Last Supper was held on the feast of Passover , according to the three Synoptic Gospels . In the United Kingdom , the Royal Maundy service involves the Monarch offering "alms" to deserving senior citizens – one man and one woman for each year of the sovereign's age. These coins, known as Maundy money or Royal Maundy, are distributed in red and white purses, and

4872-418: The faithful in countries around the world. In India , the custom is to visit fourteen churches, one per Station of the Cross . Traditionally, this is performed on Maundy Thursday evening but is more often done on the morning of Good Friday or on any day of Lent. Usually, whole families would participate, customarily fasting for the duration of the rite. It is also undertaken by parish devotional groups. In

4956-457: The faithful ones including Moses and Abraham. Maundy Thursday is a public holiday in most countries that were part of the Spanish empire ( Argentina , Colombia , Costa Rica , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico , Nicaragua , Paraguay , Peru , the Philippines , Spain , Uruguay and Venezuela ), countries that were part of the Danish colonial empire ( Denmark , Iceland , Norway and United States Virgin Islands ), and in

5040-438: The festival according to his view of the national interest of the Palestinian Arabs. A representative of the Jerusalem elites, he pursued a balancing act, avoiding direct confrontation with the British authorities, while transforming the festival from a religious one focused on the area between Nablus north of Jerusalem, and Hebron to its south, to a nationalist event of the entire British-ruled Palestine. By detaching Palestine from

5124-633: The first time in Northern Ireland at Armagh Cathedral . Until the death of King James II , the Monarch would also wash the feet of the selected poor people. There is an old sketch, done from life, of Queen Elizabeth I washing people's feet on Maundy Thursday. The Maundy (washing of the feet) is practised among many Christian groups on Maundy Thursday, including the Anglican / Protestant Episcopal , Armenian , Ethiopian , Lutheran , Methodist , Eastern Catholic , Schwarzenau (German Baptist) Brethren , Mennonite , Presbyterian and Roman Catholic traditions. With Maundy Thursday commemorating

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5208-447: The main emphasis from the desert shrine to Jerusalem. The festival had taken its traditional shape since the start of the Ottoman era in the 16th century, but now it was restructured, with the main events focusing on the Haram ash-Sharif , with the district mufti of Jerusalem already playing a distinct role which would only increase later on. In the late 19th century, the Ottomans appointed the al-Husayni family as official custodians of

5292-444: The maqam is traditionally identified as that of Moses' shepherd, Hasan er-Rai. Negev Bedouin tribes produced oil from the bituminous shale rocks found in the area around the shrine to Moses which they called "Moses rocks" ( Arabic : إِحْجَار مُوْسَى , romanized :  Iḥjār Mūsā ). The Bedouin not only shared in the belief surrounding the sanctity of the site, but further believed that God had blessed this place where Moses

5376-425: The masses before the riots broke out, was pointed out by the British authorities as the principal instigator, which only helped him gain in popularity among the Arabs. After analysing the situation, the British took steps to appoint him Grand Mufti of Jerusalem , in the hope that he would help them maintain order in the future. In 1921, while in the process of becoming Grand Mufti, Amin al-Husseini started redesigning

5460-501: The mountains east of Ramallah and the eastern slopes of Jerusalem , including the northern reaches of the Judaean Desert . The population of the Jericho Governorate is estimated to be 50,002, including 13,334 Palestinian refugees in the governorate's camps. Ein es-Sultan (also known as " Elisha 's Spring") is an oasis in Jericho, one of the main tourist attractions in the area. Maundy Thursday#Eastern Orthodoxy Maundy Thursday or Holy Thursday , among other names,

5544-440: The northern Palestine Potash Commission, as having 2,650 residents (1,330 Muslims, 1,270 Jews, 30 Christians, and 20 others). In 1937, during the Arab revolt in Palestine , Hajj Amin al-Husseini had to flee the country. With the Mufti abroad and the revolt suppressed by the British Army , the festival shrunk in scale and lost the political dimension it had gained in the previous decades. The 1937 decline has not been reverted until

5628-466: The oils used throughout the next year for baptisms and healing. In addition, the Bishop and clergy in attendance will reaffirm their Ordination Vows. In the Roman Catholic Church, plenary indulgence is obtained in the following cases: In the Eastern Orthodox Church , the liturgical colours are brighter, white being common. On this day alone during Holy Week, the fast is relaxed to permit consumption of wine and oil. The primary service of this day

5712-404: The participants in the Nabi Musa mawsim , or celebrations, would ensure the city's protection. This is however not documented. In 1269, the Mamluk sultan Baibars al-Bunduqdari built a small shrine there, as part of a general policy he adopted after conquering towns and rural areas from Lebanon down to Hebron from the Crusaders . The shrines were mostly dedicated to biblical prophets and

5796-464: The participants left Jerusalem with flags and music. Popular Palestinian tradition holds that the festival was inaugurated in the time after Saladin 's recapture of Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187 . The mainstream opinion among historians is that the shrine was built by Baibars some eight decades later, and that the Saladin myth is a 19th-century reaction to Western encroachment; this, however, doesn't preclude some scholars from finding merit in

5880-408: The present day. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli war , Jordan took over and eventually annexed the West Bank in 1950 . The Jordanian authorities were aware of the potential of the Nabi Musa festival of stirring Palestinian nationalist feelings and riots, and immediately after the 1951 assassination of King Abdullah I by a Palestinian Arab connected to the powerful al-Husayni family , which were also

5964-417: The previous centuries, fallen into a grave state of dilapidated disrepair. In addition, they promoted a festive pilgrimage to the shrine that would always coincide with the Orthodox Christian celebration of Easter , creating a counter-balance to the Christian ceremonial activity in the city. This 'invention of tradition', as such imaginative constructs are called, made the pageantry of the Nabi Musa pilgrimage

6048-468: The re-entry of worshipers from the countryside into Jerusalem as they passed through the Jaffa Gate in a book published in 1923: As they entered the old city, the enthusiasm of the crowds reached its highest intensity. Men with the set blank stare of extreme excitement danced round and round, bareheaded, their long locks flying wildly as they revolved. . . Last came the green banner of Hebron surrounded by

6132-427: The red sand hill on the side of the road." In Islam, Moses' burial place is also considered to be unknown. However, local Muslim tradition places the "Tomb of Moses" at the maqam (Muslim shrine) of Nabi Musa ("Prophet Moses"). It is not known when this tradition has first emerged. The Jerusalem-Jericho road was one of the primary routes used by Mediterranean Arabs to make a pilgrimage to Mecca . The site where

6216-658: The ritual was to venerate the Blessed Sacrament in the Altar of Repose on Maundy Thursday night, but since no prayers were prescribed (apart from those for the Pope ), the Stations of the Cross were recited. In Singapore , the visiting of churches occurs shortly after the evening Mass of the Lord's Supper. Prayers at each church consist of seven repetitions of the Lord's Prayer , Ave Maria , and

6300-513: The safety conditions of the route to Jerusalem, which was often subject to raids or robberies by the Bedouin present in the area. In the mid-16th century, Muhammad Celebi al-Naqqash, the Ottoman official charged with restoring the walls of Jerusalem , was assigned with rehabilitating the Nabi Musa complex. Around 1820, the Ottoman authorities had to almost fully rebuild the shrine complex, which had, over

6384-497: The shrine and hosts of the festival, though their connection with the cult may date back to the previous century. According to Yehoshua Ben-Aryeh, the governor of Jerusalem Rauf Pasha (1876–1888), was the first to attempt to exploit the festival to incite Muslims against Christians. Ilan Pappé offers a different view: 'It is more likely, however, that the governor and his government were rather apprehensive of such an anti-Christian uprising as it could stir instability and disorder at

6468-542: The shrine stands since the 13th century is located at what would have marked the end of the first day's march in that direction. Originally, it was simply a point from which pilgrims could rest, look across the Jordan Valley , catch a glimpse of Mount Nebo where (as suggested by the Hebrew Bible ) the tomb of Moses used to be, and worship it from this spot. It seems that by the time when Mamluk sultan Baibars visited

6552-513: The site in 1269 while returning from his hajj , "there must have been some association", since he set about building an extensive shrine. Murphy-O'Connor considers that gradually, the lookout point for Moses' distant gravesite beyond the Jordan was confused with Moses' tomb itself, laying the ground for the cultic importance Nabi Musa was to acquire in the Sunni reverence of saints ( walis ). According to Uri M. Kupferschmidt, it appears to have become

6636-559: The stripping of Jesus by the soldiers before his crucifixion." The Chrism Mass is a religious service held in Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism and Anglicanism. Maundy Thursday is notable for being the day on which the Chrism Mass is celebrated in each diocese . Usually held in the diocesan cathedral , it is generally held on the morning of Maundy Thursday, but may in some dioceses take place on another day during Holy Week. The Mass

6720-758: The term "Holy Thursday" is more commonly used in Ireland, Scotland, Canada and the United States. The latter is the official name used in English by the Catholic Church in England and Wales. The Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England , which is the mother Church of the Anglican Communion , uses the name "Maundy Thursday" for this observance. The corresponding publication of the US Episcopal Church , which

6804-591: The tomb itself has been allocated to the Palestinian National Authority . After the Oslo Accords (1993, 1995), the Palestinian Authority took charge of organising the pilgrimage, but without any events taking place in Jerusalem. The festivities combine a nationalist and political, as well as a religious and traditional character. Between 1997 and 2000 the festival did take place, but after

6888-598: The week before that, and prayers were held in the city. Then followed the week-long celebrations at the shrine, and after that, the pilgrims returned to Jerusalem on the day the Orthodox Christians celebrated Holy Thursday . The next day, on Friday, which coincided with Orthodox Good Friday, the Muslim crowds went in procession to Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock. On that Friday and the following Saturday (Orthodox Easter Eve ),

6972-423: Was buried with 'fire rocks' and water wells. Tawfiq Canaan , in his work Mohammedan Saints and Sanctuaries (1927), noted that the black rocks around the shrine would burn when placed in fire and were also used as amulets after being cut into square and triangular forms and inscribed with protective texts. The journalist Philip Perceval Graves , the brother of the poet and mythographer Robert Graves , described

7056-469: Was no fighting. Quite the nicest part of the day was to see all the fellaheen (peasants from the villages) in their new clothes. The colours were wonderful, bright pink, purple or blue velvet coats, yellow dresses with embroideries in red and green et cetera, and all wore a white veil. It was a gorgeous sight [...]" The census conducted in 1931 by the British Mandate authorities counted at Nabi Musa

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