The liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII took place mostly between 1947 and 1958.
55-650: Maundy may refer to: Maundy Thursday , a Christian holiday commemorating the Last Supper Maundy (foot washing) , the liturgical foot washing ceremonies which occurs on Maundy Thursday Maundy money , dispensed at the Maundy ceremony by the British Monarch See also [ edit ] Maundy Gregory Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
110-467: A 'Last Supper' meal in anticipation of the next day's fast. Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII On 20 November 1947, Pius XII issued the encyclical Mediator Dei . It included the statement: "the use of the mother tongue in connection with several of the rites may be of much advantage to the people", while reaffirming the normativity of Latin . Pius XII changed the requirements for fasting before receiving communion in two stages. In 1953, by
165-598: A cross-section of the community. In 2016, it was announced that the Roman Missal had been revised to allow women to participate as part of the 12 in the Mandatum. Previously, only males partook of the rite. Others theorize that the English name "Maundy Thursday" arose from "maunds" or baskets or "maundy purses" of alms which the king of England distributed to certain poor at Whitehall before attending Mass on that day. Thus, "maund"
220-429: A dispensation from performing the new Easter Vigil rite, but relented. Another assessment saw initial enthusiasm that lasted only a few years and concluded that only novelty had attracted attention in the first years. Other Christian denominations adopted the popular Roman Catholic Easter ceremonies in later years, an ecumenical influence of Pius XII. In 1955, Pius XII promulgated new liturgies for Holy Week in
275-511: A kiss like Judas . But like the Thief will I confess Thee: Remember me, O Lord, in Thy Kingdom . When necessary to replenish the sacrament for communing the sick at a time not following a divine liturgy , an additional Lamb (Host) is consecrated on this day, intincted , covered, and left to dry until Holy Saturday when it is divided, completely dried with a candle flame, and the pieces placed in
330-524: A noun refers to a small basket held out by maunders as they maunded. Other sources reject this etymology. Maundy Thursday initiates the Paschal Triduum , the period which commemorates the passion , death , and resurrection of Jesus . This period includes Good Friday and Holy Saturday , and ends on the evening of Easter Sunday. The Mass of the Lord's Supper or service of worship is normally celebrated in
385-416: A three-hour fast from solid food and alcohol and a one-hour fast from other liquids. Ordinary communicants would calculate the time until the moment they took communion; priests fasted based on the time they began saying Mass. The new fasting rules opened the way to scheduling evening Masses, which the fast from midnight regime made all but impossible for those desiring to receive communion. Permission for
440-742: Is Vespers combined with the Liturgy of St. Basil the Great at which is read a Composite Gospel, primarily taken from Matthew , but with episodes inserted from John ( the Washing of the Feet ) and Luke ( Jesus sweating blood ), and many of the normal hymns of the Divine Liturgy are substituted with the following troparion : Of Thy Mystical Supper, O Son of God, accept me today as a communicant; for I will not speak of Thy Mystery to Thine enemies, neither will I give Thee
495-507: Is a 1967 restoration of the rite recorded in the early 200s by the historian Hippolytus who writes of a ceremony taking place during the Easter Vigil at which two holy oils were blessed and one was consecrated. In the decree renewing this rite Pope Paul VI said, "The Chrism Mass is one of the principal expressions of the fullness of the bishop's priesthood and signifies the closeness of the priests with him." The Holy Oils are: The oil of
550-478: Is a celebration of the institution of the priesthood. During the Mass, those present are called to renew their baptismal promises. Priests/ministers and deacons also reaffirm their ministry by renewing the promises made at their ordination. The Mass takes its name from the blessing of the holy oils used in the sacraments throughout the year, which are then given to priests to take back to their parishes. The service
605-542: Is a custom dating back to King Edward I . The red purse contains regular currency and is given in place of food and clothing. The white purse has money in the amount of one penny for each year of the Sovereign's age. Since 1822, rather than ordinary money, the Sovereign gives out Maundy coins , which are specially minted 1, 2, 3 and 4 penny pieces, and are legal tender. The service at which this takes place rotates around English and Welsh churches, though in 2008 it took place for
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#1732848471350660-628: Is another province of the Anglican Communion, also refers to the Thursday before Easter as "Maundy Thursday". Throughout the Anglican Communion, the term "Holy Thursday" is a synonym for Ascension Day . The Roman Rite of the Catholic Church uses the name "Holy Thursday" in its modern English-language liturgical books. The Latin books use the name Feria quinta in Cena Domini ("Thursday of
715-569: Is connected to the Latin mendicare , and French mendier , to beg. A source from the Shepherd of the Springs, Lutheran Church likewise states that, if the name was derived from the Latin mandatum , we would call the day Mandy Thursday, or Mandate Thursday, or even Mandatum Thursday. The term "Maundy" comes from the Latin mendicare , Old French mendier , and English maund , which as a verb means to beg and as
770-613: Is forbidden until after Thomas Sunday . Oriental Orthodox Churches celebrate Covenant Thursday during Holy Week (based on their local calendars). They offer praises and vespers every day of week, and on Thursday and Saturday they remain in church praising God and reading about the First Liturgy and Judas' Betrayal. On Saturday they sing praises for the Entrance of the Messiah in Hades freeing all of
825-526: Is the day during Holy Week that commemorates the Washing of the Feet (Maundy) and Last Supper of Jesus Christ with the Apostles, as described in the canonical gospels . It is the fifth day of Holy Week, preceded by Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday) and followed by Good Friday . "Maundy" comes from the Latin word mandatum , or commandment, reflecting Jesus' words "I give you a new commandment." The date of
880-660: Is the name of the Christian rite of footwashing, which traditionally occurs during Maundy Thursday church services. The English word maundy in the name for the day is derived through Middle English and Old French mandé , from the Latin mandatum (also the origin of the English word "mandate"), the first word of the phrase " Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos " ("A new commandment I give unto you: That you love one another, as I have loved you, that you also love one another.") By this statement in chapter 13 of
935-495: The Gloria Patri . Due to the new trend of late Mass times (sometimes 7 or 8 pm) to allow for more churchgoers, eight churches are the maximum number visited (even in the city area, where these are closer to each other than in outer residential areas) before these close at midnight. A festive atmosphere exists, with the sale of drinks, hot cross buns and other local snacks like the traditional kueh ko chee . Observant Catholics have
990-659: The Easter Vigil . After the homily the washing of feet may be performed. The Blessed Sacrament remains exposed, at least in the Catholic Mass, until the service concludes with a procession taking it to the place of reposition . The altar is later stripped bare, as are all other altars in the church except the Altar of Repose. In pre-1970 editions, the Roman Missal of the Catholic Church envisages this being done ceremonially, to
1045-603: The Kerala State of India . Certain German states declare a public holiday for public sector employees. In the UK, civil servants were traditionally granted a half-day holiday (known as "privilege leave") on this date, but that was abolished, by David Cameron, after 2012. The tradition of visiting seven churches on Holy Thursday is an ancient practice, probably originating in Rome . and occurs among
1100-661: The Last Supper , Christian denominations who observe this day universally celebrate the sacrament of Holy Communion , which they teach was instituted by Jesus on this night. In the Catholic Church, the Lutheran Church and in certain Anglican congregations, the Mass of the Lord's Supper begins as usual, but the Gloria is accompanied by the ringing of church bells , which are then silent until
1155-739: The Lutheran Church , and certain Reformed Churches . Certain Presbyterian Churches use the term "Maundy Thursday" to refer to the holy day in their official sources. In the Byzantine Rite the name for the holy day is "Great and Holy Thursday" or "Holy Thursday", and in Western Rite Orthodoxy "Maundy Thursday", "Holy Thursday" or both. The Coptic Orthodox Church uses the term "Covenant Thursday" or "Thursday of
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#17328484713501210-562: The Philippines the tradition is called Visita Iglesia ( Spanish , "church visit") – people visit churches to pray, usually reciting the Stations of the Cross . It is a chiefly urban custom, as churches are located closer to each other in cities , and supposedly because it originates in visiting the seven churches of Intramuros that stood until the 1945 Bombing of Manila . The original purpose of
1265-423: The apostolic constitution Christus Dominus , he continued to require not ingesting from midnight before receiving communion , but ruled that water did not break the fast. He also relaxed the fasting requirement for the sick and travelers, those engaged in exhausting physical labor, and priests who celebrate several Masses on the same day. In 1957, with Sacram Communionem , he replaced the fast from midnight with
1320-458: The artophorion . In cathedrals and monasteries the ceremony of the Washing of Feet is normally performed. When there is need to consecrate more chrism , that is performed by patriarchs and other heads of the various autocephalous churches. In the evening, after the Liturgy, all of the hangings and vestments are changed to black or some other dark colour, to signify the beginning of
1375-606: The historical Last Supper and the Good Friday liturgy similarly moved to the afternoon. The new Good Friday liturgy modified the Good Friday prayer for the Jews in two ways. Pius had already, in 1949, made a public declaration that the Latin word "perfidus", which is applied to the Jewish people in this prayer, means "unbelieving", not "perfidious" or "treacherous". The 1955 liturgy rendered
1430-509: The "odor of sanctity" to which those who are marked with it, are called to strive. With respect to Anglicanism, the 1979 Book of Common Prayer (p. 307) calls for chrism to be consecrated by the bishop. In many dioceses, the consecration of chrism by the bishop may be done at a service of reaffirmation of ordination vows during Holy Week. During the Chrism Eucharist, the Bishop will bless
1485-607: The 1911 Catholic Encyclopedia used the term "Maundy Thursday", and some Catholic writers use the same term either primarily, or alternatively. The Methodist Book of Worship for Church and Home (1965) uses the term "Maundy Thursday"; the Book of Worship (1992) uses the term "Holy Thursday", and other official sources of the United Methodist Church use both "Maundy Thursday" and "Holy Thursday". Both names are used by other Christian denominations as well, including
1540-629: The Covenant". In the Maronite Church and the Syriac Orthodox Church , the name is "Thursday of Mysteries". "Maundy Thursday" is the official name of the day in the civil legislation of England and the Philippines. The day has also been known in English as Shere Thursday (also spelled Sheer Thursday ), from the word shere (meaning "clean" or "bright"). This name might refer to
1595-530: The Gospel of John , Jesus explained to the Apostles the significance of his action of washing their feet. The phrase is used as the antiphon sung in the Roman Rite during the Maundy ( Ecclesiastical Latin : "Mandatum") ceremony of the washing of the feet, which may be held during Mass or as a separate event. A priest or bishop, representing Christ, ceremonially washes the feet of others, typically 12 persons chosen as
1650-613: The Passion. Anticipating the Matins of Friday morning, the Holy Passion service of the reading of the Twelve Gospels is conducted. In these readings Christ's last instructions to his disciples are presented, as well as the prophecy of the drama of the Cross, Christ's prayer, and his new commandment. The twelve readings are: Beginning on Holy and Great Thursday, the memorial service for the dead
1705-550: The Rites and ceremonies of the Latin Church such as Holy Mass, sacred functions and divine worship. It issued the location of the blessed sacrament within the Church, to be always at the main altar in the centre of the Church. The Church should display religious objects, but not be overloaded with secondary items or even Kitsch . Modern sacred art should be reverential and still reflect
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1760-512: The Ritual for sacraments and other rites outside the Mass. All such permissions, however, were to be granted by the Holy See, and Pius XII strongly condemned the efforts of individual priests and communities to introduce the vernacular on their own authority. He allowed the use of the vernacular in other rites and sacraments outside the Mass, in the service for Baptism and Extreme Unction . Following in
1815-529: The Supper of the Lord"; the medieval spelling Cœna was used in place of Cena in documents predating the 1955 decree Maxima redemptionis ), along with Maundy Thursday as the English name, as given in The Saint Andrew Daily Missal . The personal ordinariates in the Catholic Church, which have an Anglican patrimony, retain the traditional English term "Maundy Thursday", however. An article in
1870-542: The accompaniment of Psalms 21–22 , a practice which continues in the Lutheran churches and Anglican churches of Anglo-Catholic churchmanship . In other Christian denominations , such as the Methodist Churches, the stripping of the altar and other items on the chancel also occurs, as a preparation for the somber Good Friday service. The stripping of the altar represents "the abandonment of Jesus by his disciples and
1925-489: The act of cleaning, or to the fact that churches would switch liturgical colors from the dark tones of Lent , or because it was customary to shear the beard on that day, or for a combination of reasons. This name has cognates in the Nordic languages, such as Danish skærtorsdag , Swedish skärtorsdag , Norwegian skjærtorsdag , Faroese skírhósdagur and skírisdagur , Icelandic skírdagur , and Finnish kiirastorstai . Maundy
1980-651: The catechumens and chrism are used on the upcoming Holy Saturday at the Easter Vigil , for the baptism and confirmation of those entering the church. While the Oil of the Catechumens and the Oil of the Sick, are simply "blessed," the Sacred Chrism is "consecrated,". Holy chrism is a mixture of olive oil and balsam, an aromatic resin. Balsam is poured into the oil, which gives it a sweet smell intended to remind those who encounter it of
2035-607: The day will vary according to whether the Gregorian calendar or the Julian calendar is used. Eastern churches generally use the Julian system. Use of the names "Maundy Thursday", "Holy Thursday", and others is not evenly distributed. The generally accepted name for the day varies according to geographical area and religious affiliation. Thus, although in England "Maundy Thursday" is the normal term,
2090-459: The decree Maxima Redemptionis (November 19, 1955). In addition to the new Easter Vigil, modified on an experimental basis in 1951 and now made permanent, he promulgated the rites for Palm Sunday , Holy Thursday and Good Friday , the most important ceremonies in the Roman liturgy. The Holy Thursday Mass of the Lord's Supper was moved from morning to evening to replicate more closely the experience of
2145-659: The evening, when Friday begins according to Jewish tradition, as the Last Supper was held on the feast of Passover , according to the three Synoptic Gospels . In the United Kingdom , the Royal Maundy service involves the Monarch offering "alms" to deserving senior citizens – one man and one woman for each year of the sovereign's age. These coins, known as Maundy money or Royal Maundy, are distributed in red and white purses, and
2200-418: The faithful in countries around the world. In India , the custom is to visit fourteen churches, one per Station of the Cross . Traditionally, this is performed on Maundy Thursday evening but is more often done on the morning of Good Friday or on any day of Lent. Usually, whole families would participate, customarily fasting for the duration of the rite. It is also undertaken by parish devotional groups. In
2255-604: The faithful ones including Moses and Abraham. Maundy Thursday is a public holiday in most countries that were part of the Spanish empire ( Argentina , Colombia , Costa Rica , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico , Nicaragua , Paraguay , Peru , the Philippines , Spain , Uruguay and Venezuela ), countries that were part of the Danish colonial empire ( Denmark , Iceland , Norway and United States Virgin Islands ), and in
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2310-448: The first part of the Litany of the Saints and possible baptisms. A major innovation occurred with the incorporation of renewal of baptismal promises by the entire congregation, "a milestone" that introduced modern languages into the general Roman liturgy for the first time. His re-introduction of the Easter Vigil was generally popular, although it faced a cool reception from some prelates. Cardinal Spellman of New York considered asking for
2365-633: The first time in Northern Ireland at Armagh Cathedral . Until the death of King James II , the Monarch would also wash the feet of the selected poor people. There is an old sketch, done from life, of Queen Elizabeth I washing people's feet on Maundy Thursday. The Maundy (washing of the feet) is practised among many Christian groups on Maundy Thursday, including the Anglican / Protestant Episcopal , Armenian , Ethiopian , Lutheran , Methodist , Eastern Catholic , Schwarzenau (German Baptist) Brethren , Mennonite , Presbyterian and Roman Catholic traditions. With Maundy Thursday commemorating
2420-410: The footsteps of his predecessors, Pius XII instituted a number of new feasts and approved new propers . After defining the Dogma of the Assumption in 1950, a new mass formula (the mass Signum magnum ) was introduced for the feast, which falls on August 15. Pius XII also instituted the feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary , which he established as a double of the second class and fixed to August 22,
2475-425: The octave day of the Assumption. Other new feasts included the feast of the Queenship of Mary (May 31) and the feast of Saint Joseph the Worker (to coincide with the socialist holiday of May 1), which thus replaced the Feast of Saint Joseph Patron of the Universal Church, observed until then (from 1870) as a movable feast on the third Wednesday after Easter. The Sacred Congregation of Rites had jurisdiction over
2530-466: The oils used throughout the next year for baptisms and healing. In addition, the Bishop and clergy in attendance will reaffirm their Ordination Vows. In the Roman Catholic Church, plenary indulgence is obtained in the following cases: In the Eastern Orthodox Church , the liturgical colours are brighter, white being common. On this day alone during Holy Week, the fast is relaxed to permit consumption of wine and oil. The primary service of this day
2585-409: The ritual was to venerate the Blessed Sacrament in the Altar of Repose on Maundy Thursday night, but since no prayers were prescribed (apart from those for the Pope ), the Stations of the Cross were recited. In Singapore , the visiting of churches occurs shortly after the evening Mass of the Lord's Supper. Prayers at each church consist of seven repetitions of the Lord's Prayer , Ave Maria , and
2640-448: The service. The Paschal candle is the center of the service of new fire, rather than a three-branched candle of medieval origin that had existed only for use in this service; the congregation lights its own candles as well, a participatory innovation. The water is blessed in front of the congregation, not at the baptismal font. Among many detailed changes, only four of the traditional Old Testament readings were kept. Then followed only
2695-425: The spirit of our time. Since 1942, priests are permitted to officiate marriages without Holy Mass . They may also officiate confirmations in certain instances. In 1951 on an experimental basis, and then permanently in 1956, Pope Pius XII introduced the Easter Vigil , a celebration of Easter night based on restoration of ancient forms. He shifted the hour of the celebration to after sunset and restructured
2750-445: The stripping of Jesus by the soldiers before his crucifixion." The Chrism Mass is a religious service held in Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism and Anglicanism. Maundy Thursday is notable for being the day on which the Chrism Mass is celebrated in each diocese . Usually held in the diocesan cathedral , it is generally held on the morning of Maundy Thursday, but may in some dioceses take place on another day during Holy Week. The Mass
2805-433: The term "Holy Thursday" is more commonly used in Ireland, Scotland, Canada and the United States. The latter is the official name used in English by the Catholic Church in England and Wales. The Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England , which is the mother Church of the Anglican Communion , uses the name "Maundy Thursday" for this observance. The corresponding publication of the US Episcopal Church , which
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#17328484713502860-502: The title Maundy . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maundy&oldid=965161090 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Maundy Thursday Maundy Thursday or Holy Thursday , among other names,
2915-401: The use of hymns in the vernacular at appropriate points in the service. As a means to closer awareness by the congregation he also allowed the epistle and gospel to be read aloud by a layman while the celebrant read them quietly in Latin. Though insisting on the primacy of Latin in the liturgy of the Western Church ( cf . Mediator Dei , par. 60), Pius XII approves the use of the vernacular in
2970-481: The use of the vernacular for parts of the Mass had been granted on occasion long before the papacy of Pius XII ; including in 1906 by Pius X (parts of Yugoslavia), Benedict XV in 1920 (Croatian, Slovenian, and Czech), Pius XI in 1929 (Bavaria). Under Pius XII , the Sacred Congregation of Rites granted permission for the use of local languages in countries with expanding Catholic mission activities, including in Indonesia and Japan in 1941–2. In 1949 permission
3025-432: Was granted for using Mandarin Chinese in Mass except for the Canon , and for the use of Hindi in India in 1950. Permission was also granted to use a French (1948) and German (1951) translation for rituals other than Mass. As a means of increasing the participation of the congregation in the celebration of Mass, recognizing that joining in chant is not possible at a Mass that is "read" rather than sung, in 1958 Pius approved
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