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45-512: Moskenesøya ( lit.   ' Moskenes Island ' ) is an island at the southern end of the Lofoten archipelago in Nordland county, Norway . The 186-square-kilometre (72 sq mi) island is shared between Moskenes Municipality and Flakstad Municipality . The tidal whirlpool system known as Moskstraumen , one of the strongest in the world, is located between Moskenesøya's Lofoten Point and

90-469: A high density of sea eagles and cormorants , and millions of other sea birds, among them the colourful puffin . It has mainland Europe's largest seabird colony. The birds once mistaken for the extinct great auk turned out to be some of the nine king penguins released around Norway's Lofoten Islands in August 1936, there until at least 1944. Lofoten features a mostly subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc) under

135-680: A significant role, as it has done since the Bronze Age . In March 1941 the islands were raided by British Commandos during Operation Claymore , and in a subsequent diversionary attack to support the Vaagso raid in December. As of 2017, the islands attract one million tourists a year. Lofoten is located at the 68th and 69th parallels north of the Arctic Circle in North Norway. Lofoten encompasses

180-547: Is December 1936 with 227 mm, and the driest is January 2014 with 0.9 mm. Even if the islands are not that large, there are climatic differences. Værøy and Røst furthest west have the warmest winters, but summer highs are cooler. Vestvågøy with the town Leknes has lowland in the interior of the island with mountains nearby; winters here are slightly colder and much wetter than at Skrova, while summers are drier and comparable. Lofoten offers many rock climbing and mountaineering opportunities. It has 24  hours of daylight in

225-616: Is a traditional fishing place and nearly its entire territory is the 150 years old Norwegian Fishing Village Museum , which includes the Lofoten Stockfish Museum , a forge, a bakery, and a cod liver oil factory. In the beginning of World War II , the island was occupied by the German Army . In December 1941, it was the venue of the Operation Anklet – a British Commando raid carried out by 300 men from No. 12 Commando and

270-478: Is also served by a number of small airports: Lofoten International Art Festival  [ no ] (Lofoten internasjonale kunstfestival, LIAF) is a contemporary art biennale with no set venue or location on the archipelago. Artists who have participated include Kjersti Andvig, Michel Auder , A K Dolven , Ida Ekblad , Elmgreen & Dragset , and Lawrence Weiner . The North Norwegian Art Centre  [ no ] (Nordnorsk Kunstnersenter, NNKS)

315-474: Is an island in the Lofoten archipelago in Nordland county, Norway. The island is located within Vestvågøy Municipality . The island lies between the islands of Austvågøya and Gimsøya to the northeast and Flakstadøya to the southwest. There are also several small islands and skerries surrounding the island. Vestvågøya makes up over 97% of the municipal area and about 99% of the inhabitants of

360-576: Is around 7–8 °C (45–46 °F). At a depth of 200 metres (660 feet), the temperature is near 8 °C (46 °F) all year. Skrova lighthouse on an island near Svolvær has the longest recording of air temperature in Lofoten. The warmest temperature recorded is 30.4 °C (86.7 °F) in June 1972. The coldest temperature recorded is −15.1 °C (4.8 °F) in February 1966. The last overnight freeze in June

405-428: Is evidence of human settlement extending back at least 11,000 years in Lofoten, and the earliest archaeological sites ... are only about 5,500 years old, at the transition from the early to late Stone Age ". Iron Age agriculture, livestock, and significant human habitation can be traced back to c. 250 BC. The town of Vågan ( Old Norse : Vágar ) is the first known town formation in northern Norway . It existed in

450-466: Is often used as a hub for travel to Lofoten. In addition to air travel there is a ferry connecting Bodø to Moskenes , Værøy and Røst, and a speedboat connection to Svolvær. Bodø is connected by train to Trondheim and Oslo. There is also a ferry connecting Svolvær to Skutvik in Hamarøy Municipality , with a road connection east to E6 . Hurtigruten calls at Stamsund and Svolvær . Lofoten

495-512: The Free Norwegian Forces . Lofoten In Norway, the archipelago and the area are called Lofoten. There have been many attempts to research the backgrounds and meanings of both the names Lofoten and Ofoten, which has led to many theories, but no definite information. Critical examination has not reached any generally accepted and justified interpretation of the name. According to one explanation Lofoten ( Old Norse : Lófótr )

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540-621: The Kåkern Bridge which is part of the European route E10 which ends on the Moskenesøya island at the village of Å . There are many villages on the island. Flakstad Municipality, on the northern part of the island, has several small villages including Fredvang , Selfjord , and Krystad . Moskenes Municipality, on the southern part of the island, has the villages of Å , Hamnøya , Moskenes , Reine , Sakrisøy, Sørvågen , and Tind , all located on

585-504: The Köppen climate classification , although some parts like Skrova feature a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb). Winter temperatures in Lofoten are extremely mild considering its location north of the Arctic Circle – possibly the largest positive temperature anomaly in the world relative to latitude . The mild winters are a result of the temperate waters of the Norwegian Sea , which is warmed by

630-539: The Mesozoic Era . Evidence of this would be the kaolinite found at some locations. To the northwest the Lofoten archipelago is bounded by the NE–SW-trending West Lofoten Border Fault. This is a normal fault whose fault scarp has been eroded forming a strandflat . In Vestvågøya mountains have steep slopes towards the open sea in the northwest and southeast while slopes pointing towards

675-546: The Møysalen National Park just northeast of Lofoten has mountains reaching 1,262 metres (4,140 feet). The famous Moskstraumen (Malstrøm) system of tidal eddies is located in western Lofoten, and is indeed the root of the term maelstrom . Lofoten is a horst ridge of bedrock . The rocks of Lofoten belong to the wider Western Gneiss Region of Norway. Some of the high relief and irregular surfaces of Lofoten has been attributed to etching that took place during

720-654: The North Atlantic Current and the Norwegian Current . The mild air (Lows) from the Atlantic having a free path northwards even in winter is also very significant. Strong winds can occur in late autumn and winter. Snow and sleet are not uncommon in winter. The mountains can have substantial amounts of snow, and avalanches may come down from the steep slopes. In Svolvær, the sun is above the horizon continuously (" midnight sun ") from 25 May to 17 July, and in winter

765-474: The Norwegian Independent Company 1 . The landing party was supported by 22 ships from three navies – British, Norwegian and Polish. As a result, two German radio transmitters were destroyed and several small boats were captured or sunk. Importantly an operational Enigma coding machine was obtained from one of the sunken German patrol ships. Also, about 200 local Norwegians volunteered to serve in

810-666: The Vesterålen district. The principal towns in Lofoten are Leknes in Vestvågøy Municipality and Svolvær in Vågan Municipality. The main islands are joined to each other and the mainland by road bridges. The Lofoten Islands are characterised by their mountains and peaks, sheltered inlets, stretches of seashore and large virgin areas. The highest mountain in Lofoten is Higravstinden (1,161 metres (3,809 feet)) in Austvågøy;

855-766: The Lofoten area is prohibited. The sea is rich with life, and the world's largest deep water coral reef, called the Røst Reef , is located west of Røst. Approximately 70% of all fish caught in the Norwegian and Barents seas use its islands' waters as a breeding ground. Otters are common, and there are elk on the largest islands. There are some woodlands with downy birch and rowan . There are no native conifer forests in Lofoten, but some small areas with private spruce plantations. Hedlundia hybrida and Malus sylvestris occur in Lofoten, but not further north. Some 27,000 hectares (100 sq mi) of marine waters along

900-510: The centre of great cod fisheries , especially in winter, when the cod migrate south from the Barents Sea and gather in Lofoten to spawn . Bergen in southwestern Norway was for a long time the hub for further export of cod south to different parts of Europe, particularly so when trade was controlled by the Hanseatic League . In the lowland areas, particularly Vestvågøy, agriculture plays

945-439: The chain of islands. Most parsimonious is the analogy with Aurora Borealis, as the word fótr is typically not used to describe the feet of beasts of prey, instead using the word hrammr (paw) or löpp (also paw) for animals such as cats or dogs. Fótr can be used to describe legs, and as such, light leg represents the most plausible etymology taking into account the geography of the archipelago, eventually morphing to describe only

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990-532: The early Viking Age , maybe earlier, and was located on the southern coast on eastern Lofoten, near today's village Kabelvåg in Vågan Municipality . The Lofotr Viking Museum with the reconstructed 83-metre-long (272 ft) longhouse (the largest known) is located near Borg on Vestvågøya , which has many archeological finds from the Iron Age and Viking Age. The islands have for more than 1,000 years been

1035-411: The eastern side of the island. There were settlements on the western coast, but the last ones were abandoned in 1950s owing to severe storms. Most villages are frequently visited by tourists and have designed small exhibits of local peculiarities. So Sakrisøy has a museum of 2,500 dolls from all over Europe. Sørvågen contains a local department of Norsk Telemuseum (Norwegian Telecom Museum) which reflects

1080-636: The everyday life of the local fishermen. Other artists whose work has been associated with Lofoten include Adelsteen Normann , Otto Sinding , Christian Krohg , Theodor Kittelsen , Lev Lagorio , Ernst Wilhelm Nay and Ingo Kühl . In 2004, Nurse with Wound broadcast 24 unexpected radio transmissions from the Lofoten Islands, whose sounds were sourced from the environment and objects found in Lofoten. These recordings are included on their three releases entitled Shipwreck Radio . Vestv%C3%A5g%C3%B8ya Vestvågøya (or less-commonly: Vest-Vågøy )

1125-416: The interior of the island are more gentle. This is the result of erosion acting on a landscape that has been uplifted along NE–SW-trending faults in the margins of Lofoten while the interior axis has remained more stable. In tectonic terms mountains are half-grabens and faults are of the dip-slip type . The sea around Lofoten is known to host significant oil reserves: 1.3 bn barrels. Oil extraction in

1170-469: The island are largely agricultural land. There is one town on the island ( Leknes ) and several large villages on the island including Stamsund , Ballstad , and Gravdal . In Vestvågøya mountains have steep slopes towards the open sea in the northwest and southeast while slopes pointing towards the interior of the island are more gentle. This is the result of erosion acting on a landscape that has been uplifted along southwest-northwest-trending faults in

1215-407: The island of Mosken . The island consists of an agglomeration of glaciated hills with the highest peak being the 1,029-metre-tall (3,376 ft) Hermannsdalstinden mountain. It is elongated from southwest to northeast and it is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) long and 10 km (6 mi) wide. It also has a very uneven shoreline. The island is connected to the nearby island of Flakstadøya by

1260-433: The island of Vestvågøy before once again describing the island chain from its main island. Another name one might come across is "Lofotveggen" or the Lofoten wall. The archipelago looks like a closed wall when seen from elevated points around Bodø Municipality or when arriving from the sea, some 100 kilometres (62 miles) long, and 800–1,000 metres (2,600–3,300 feet) high. According to Robert M. D'Anjou and others: "There

1305-511: The local history of telegraphy . In 1861, the island became part of the 170-kilometre-long (110 mi) Lofoten telegraph line with a station in Sørvågen (which became the Sørvågen museum in 1914), and in 1867 the line was connected with Europe . In 1906, a wireless telegraph system was installed in Sørvågen – the second in Europe after Italy – connecting Sørvågen with Røst island. The village of Å

1350-441: The long, steep Nappstraum tunnel. The route hugs the coastline for most of its length where it is generally flat. As it turns inland through the mountain passes there are a couple of 300–400-metre (980–1,310- foot ) climbs. The Lofoten Insomnia Cycling Race takes place every year around midsummer, possible in the midnight sun, but certainly in 24-hour daylight, along the whole Lofoten archipelago. The Arctic Race of Norway ,

1395-456: The mainland of Norway through the Lofast road connection, which was officially opened on 1 December 2007. There are several daily bus services between the islands of Lofoten and between Lofoten and the mainland along E10. The Lofoten Islands are not serviced by any trains. However, the city of Narvik is connected to Stockholm and Oslo by train and connects directly to the Lofoten bus line. Bodø

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1440-531: The municipalities of Vågan , Vestvågøy , Flakstad , Moskenes , Værøy , and Røst . The principal islands, running from north to south are: Further to the south are the small and isolated islands of Værøy Municipality ( 67°40′N 12°40′E  /  67.667°N 12.667°E  / 67.667; 12.667 ) and Røst Municipality ( 67°37′N 12°7′E  /  67.617°N 12.117°E  / 67.617; 12.117 ). The total land area amounts to 1,227 square kilometres (474 square miles), and

1485-611: The municipality live on the island. The European route E10 highway crosses the island connecting to Flakstadøya by the Nappstraum Tunnel and to Gimsøya by the Sundklakkstraumen Bridge . The middle part of the island is relatively flat and marshy , while the outer parts in the north and south are mountainous. The highest point on the island is the 964-metre (3,163 ft) tall mountain Himmeltindan . The flat parts of

1530-516: The north-western coasts and fjords of the Lofoten Islands have been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International (BLI) because it supports overwintering populations of common eiders and yellow-billed loons . The IBA contains or overlaps with the Seløya, Morfjorden, Laukvikøyene, Eggum and Borgværet nature reserves , as well as the Laukvikøyene Ramsar site . Lofoten has

1575-450: The north. The route is part public road, part cycle path with the option to bypass all of the tunnels by either cycle path (tunnels through mountains) or boat. Traffic is generally light, although in July there may be a lot of campervans . Some of the more remote sections are on gravel roads. There is a dedicated cycling ferry that sails between Ballstad and Nusfjord , allowing cyclists to avoid

1620-400: The population totals 24,500. Many will argue that Hinnøya, the northern part of Austvågøya and several hundred smaller islands, skerries, and rocks to the east of Austvågøya are also part of the Lofoten district. Historically, the territorial definition of Lofoten has changed significantly. Between the mainland and the Lofoten archipelago lies the vast, open Vestfjorden , and to the north is

1665-399: The reporter had claimed to have heard the explanation from the locals. However, this interpretation of the name has also received criticism. It is considered doubtful that the name Lófót itself meant the island of Vestvågøya from the beginning. Unlike, for example, the local names Værøya and Gimsøya , where the names clearly contain the endings meaning the island, the "i Lofot" appearing in

1710-414: The summer and has Alpine-style ridges, summits, and glaciers , but at a height of less than 1,200 metres (3,900 feet). The main centre for rock climbing is Henningsvær on Austvågøya. The main areas for mountaineering and climbing are on Austvågøya and Moskenesøya . Moskenesøya features remote and serious mountaineering whereas Austvågøya is a very popular area for rock climbing. Lofoten has one of

1755-528: The sun does not rise from 4 December to 7 January. In Leknes , the sun is above the horizon from 26 May to 17 July, and in winter the sun does not rise from 9 December to 4 January. The temperature in the sea has been recorded since 1935. At 1 metre (3 feet 3 inches) depth in the sea near Skrova , water temperatures vary from a low of 3 °C (37 °F) in March to 14 °C (57 °F) in August, some years peaking above 17 °C (63 °F). November

1800-461: The texts rather refers to the district , which nevertheless also included Vestvågøya. Alternatively, the name could derive from the word for light in reference to the presence of Aurora Borealis as the word for light itself is the root of the Old Norse word for lynx lóa , although the earliest evidence suggests Lófótr was first the name of the island of Vestvågøy and only later becoming the name of

1845-481: The world's most noteworthy football pitches. Located in the village of Henningsvaer, the pitch at Henningsvaer Stadium rests on a rocky islet and has no actual seats. Unstad is one of its better-known locations for surfing. Every September surfers from around the world visit to compete in the Lofoten Masters. There is a well-marked cycling route that goes from Å in the south and continues past Fiskebøl in

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1890-550: The world's northernmost professional stage race on road bike which takes place every year in Northern Norway, crossed the Lofoten islands during its first edition in August 2013. As of 2015 , the race was planned to be back in 2019 from Thursday 15 August to Sunday 18 August. The first two stages will cross the Lofoten archipelago from west to east. The European road E10 connects the larger islands of Lofoten with bridges and undersea tunnels. The E10 road also connects Lofoten to

1935-553: Was established in Svolvær in 1979. KaviarFactory  [ no ] is a privately-owned contemporary art space in Henningsvær . The Nordland School of Art and Film  [ no ] (Nordland kunst- og filmhøgskole, NKFS) was established in Kabelvåg in 1997. Norwegian painter Gunnar Berg was known for his paintings of his native Lofoten. He principally painted scenes of

1980-515: Was in 1962, and the last freeze in September was in 1986. Skrova and nearby Svolvær are among those places in North Norway that can record what Norwegians know as "tropical nights" when the overnight low does not go below 20 °C (68 °F). The warmest night recorded in Lofoten was July 1 1972 at Skrova with low 23.8 °C (74.8 °F), and the earliest in summer was June 10th 2011 with low 21.5 °C (70.7 °F). The wettest month recorded

2025-540: Was the original name of the island Vestvågøya . The first element is ló (i.e., " lynx ") and the last element is derived from Norse fótr (i.e., "foot"), as the shape of the island must have been compared with that of a lynx's foot. (The old name of the neighbouring island Flakstadøya was Vargfót , " wolf 's foot", from vargr "wolf".) The explanation has at least been seen in an article about Lofoten published in The New York Times newspaper, for which

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