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59-519: Mochau is a former municipality in the district of Mittelsachsen , in Saxony , Germany . Since 1 January 2016 it is part of the town Döbeln . This Mittelsachsen location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mittelsachsen Mittelsachsen ("Central Saxony") is a district ( Kreis ) in the Free State of Saxony , Germany . The district was established by merging

118-545: A woodcut of the siege of Hof which is located in today in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nürnberg. After the death of the childless Margrave Jürgen Friedrich of Brandenburg-Ansbach in 1603, his margraviate was given to Karsten , the son of Elector Johann Jürgen of Brandenburg . This was done in accordance with House Treaty of Gera set in place in 1599 to provide for a peaceful transition of power to

177-647: A 7-week siege known as the Siege of Hof . The siege was one of the major battles of the Second Margrave War and Hof was finally taken from Margrave Albert Alcibiades by Heinrich IV of Plauen on September 28, 1553. Albert was able to briefly retake Hof on October 11, but it fell back into the hands of those allied against Margrave Albert on November 27. Some 18,236 stone cannonballs are said to have been shot into Hof during this siege with some cannonballs still visible today lodged in walls throughout Hof. For example, from

236-536: A few. In 1098 Count Berthold II of Andechs inherited his father's lands including those in modern-day Upper Franconia . In the 1130s he built Plassenburg Castle in Kulmbach and from 1137 he styled himself as 'Count of Plassenburg ". He thus strengthened his influence in and around the nearby Regnitzland. Around 1230, Count Berthold's great-grandson, the Crusader Duke Otto I von Andechs-Merania fortified

295-457: A hammer and pick representing the local mining heritage. The blue waves are derived from the coat of arms of Mittweida, and the three black lozenges from the former arms of Döbeln. The elections for the Mittelsachsen district happened on 7 June 2015. The former mayor of Mittweida, Matthias Damm ( CDU ), won with an absolute majority (65.74% of votes). The district is served by three motorways,

354-613: A hymnal among other writings. While in Hof he married Margarethe Felitscher, daughter of the Mayor (Bürgermeister) of Hof Konrad Felitscher, and by which he became the father of John Joshua Löner and the great-grandfather of the famous Lutheran theologian and hymn writer Joshua Stegmann . Löhner and Medler both continued to receive opposition from powerful individuals including the regional governor ( German : Landhauptmann ) Christoph von Beulwitz who

413-428: A kind of hotpot, and sausages boiled in a portable, coal-fired brass cauldron, which are sold in the streets by the sausage man ( Wärschtlamo in the local dialect). There is also a particularly strong beer ( Schlappenbier ), which is available only on the first Monday after Trinity Sunday ( Schlappentag ). This tradition dates back to the establishment of the town militia which forced all shooters to take part in

472-460: A major turning point in which Hof began to assert itself as openly Lutheran against the jurisdiction of the Catholic Church. However, Löhner and Medler continued to face stiff opposition to these changes as their subsequent removal from Hof reveals. Pastor Kaspar Löhner was a leading theologian and writer in his day and he wrote a church liturgy ( German : Gottesdienstordnung ), catechism, and

531-630: A nun (Veronika von Zedtwitz ) left the Poor Clares ' cloister in Hof and broke her vows to marry the rector of the Gymnasium in Hof, Conrad Meyer. Pastor Agricola continued his influential ministry in Hof until 1542 and during his time as Hof's pastor he was present at the meeting of Lutheran theologians at Schmalkalden in 1537 and was a signer of the Schmalkaldic Articles written by Martin Luther. It

590-411: A special shooting training each year. To avoid penalties, a lot of shooters rushed out to the training area in the morning of the last possible day, without even enough time to get dressed and thus still wearing their clogs ( German : Schlappen ). The Hof Theatre ( Theater Hof ) is a multi-purpose theatre whose construction was completed in 1994. It serves as an opera house and drama theatre, and hosts

649-527: A terrible toll on infrastructure, livestock, farmlands, and human dignity. After the 30 Years War it is estimated that one half of the population of Brandenburg was lost and in some areas as many as two-thirds. One can only imagine the joy when the wars ended and Margrave Karsten called a general festival of thanksgiving for peace which was celebrated throughout his Principality in February 1639. Hof seems to have recovered quickly under Margrave Karsten and it became

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708-646: Is 855 metres above sea level on the Czech border. The most important rivers in Mittelsachsen are the Zwickauer and Freiberger Mulde , and the Zschopau river. Other notable rivers include Bobritzsch, Striegis, Gimmlitz and Flöha. The district also contains the reservoirs Kriebstein, Lichtenberg and Rauschenbach. Part of the Erzgebirge/ Vogtland national park is located in the southern part of Mittelsachsen. In 2008, upon

767-580: Is a plaque on the wall of Marienkirche that commemorates this pilgrim inn that is now lost. In 1498 a watch tower was constructed to add to the defenses of Hof. While 1517 brought the 95 Theses , the spark that ignited the Protestant Reformation , in Hof 1517 sparked a terrible fire that destroyed some 50 homes around the Orlaplatz and St. Michaeliskirche, severely damaging the rectory. The various churches and chapels in Hof at this time were all under

826-690: Is an airfield at Langhennersdorf which is used for recreational flight. The Landkreis is home to two universities, the TU Bergakademie in Freiberg (focused on Geo-science) and the University of Applied Sciences in Mittweida (MINT, Social, Media). [REDACTED] Media related to Landkreis Mittelsachsen at Wikimedia Commons 50°55′N 13°11′E  /  50.917°N 13.183°E  / 50.917; 13.183 Hof, Bavaria The town of Hof

885-653: Is enclosed by, but does not belong to the Bavarian district of Hof ; it is nonetheless the district's administrative seat. The town's most important work of art, the Hofer altar , dates from about 1465 and is exhibited in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich today. The Heidenreich organ in the parish church of St. Michaelis, completed in 1834, is considered one of Bavaria's finest. Hof is known for two local "delicacies", namely Schnitz ,

944-592: Is located at an altitude of 565.2 metres (1,854 ft), which is much cooler than other areas in Bavaria. The average annual temperature ranges from −1 °C (30 °F) in winter to 17 °C (63 °F) in summer, and the annual precipitation is 712.6 mm (28.06 in). The Hof weather station has recorded the following extreme values: Hof in the Middle Ages was located in the Provincia Variscorum and

1003-551: Is located first came under the ecclesiastic control of the Dioceses of Würzburg during this time period. Then in 1007 the region which contains Hof came under the Bishopric of Bamberg which was established out of the Dioceses of Würzburg to further spread Christianity throughout this area. While the area around Hof remained terra incognita during this time period it was not isolated from

1062-624: Is still celebrated in Hof annually in festival called Schlappentag [see description above]. in 1464 the Hospital and Hospital Church ( Hospitalkirche ) were rebuilt. 1487 a foundation in Niclaskirche for pilgrims on the Jacobsweg was built near the modern day St. Marienkirche. Jacobsweg is part of the famous Camino de Santiago which ends in at Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain. There

1121-660: The A4 being the main east-west route, with the A14 branching off to the north-west. In the far west, the A72 runs through the district. The district is also served by the B7, B101, B107, B169, B171, B173, B175, B176, and B180 federal roads and major state roads. Four main railway lines run through the district: Dresden-Freiberg-Chemnitz-Werdau, Riesa-Döbeln-Chemnitz, Neukieritzsch-Chemnitz and Borsdorf-Döbeln-Coswig. Long-distance passenger trains do not run through

1180-642: The Czech Republic , Erzgebirgskreis , the urban district Chemnitz , and the district of Zwickau . The geography of the district varies considerably, stretching from the northern part which almost reaches the North German Plain , to the southern part in the Ore Mountains region. The lowest point is at 140 metres above sea level, in the valley of the Freiberger Mulde near Leisnig . The highest point

1239-560: The Ore Mountains are still in operation, although not all sections have regular passenger services. Some of these lines are operated by non-federal railway infrastructure companies. The entire district belongs to the Verkehrsverbund Mittelsachsen . The closest airports for commercial travel are Leipzig–Altenburg Airport (15 km), Dresden Airport (28 km), and Leipzig/Halle Airport (58 km). However, there

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1298-726: The Principality of Bayreuth . Hof was under this Hohenzollern Principality until December 2, 1791, and during this time was known as the Hochfürstlich-Brandenburgische Hauptstadt Hoff im Voigtlande (the "Princely Brandenburg capital city of Hof in the Vogtland"). Close to the end of the Hussite Wars (between the 4th and 5th Crusade against them) Hof was sacked by the Hussite followers of Jan Hus . In 1430, during

1357-627: The Catholic population of Hof received their own priest and 1844 until a small church was built ( Marienkirche ). In 1546, Margrave Albert Alcibiades of Brandenburg-Kulmbach founded a Grammar School in Hof, which is today known as the Jean-Paul Gymnasium , in honor of the most famous student that attended there: Jean Paul Friedrich Richter . Jean-Paul Gymnasium is one of the oldest schools in Upper Franconia. On August 7, 1553, Hof came under

1416-790: The Chemnitz model and served by the City-Bahn Chemnitz. The once dense rail network had already been severely thinned out by Deutsche Bahn before the district reform in 2008. Entire junctions such as Rochlitz with the Glauchau-Rochlitz-Wurzen, Rochlitz-Penig and Waldheim-Rochlitz lines were closed. Other junctions such as Nossen and Freiberg lost considerable importance. Today, the Nossen-Holzhau, Berthelsdorf-Brand-Erbisdorf, Flöha-Marienberg, Pockau-Lengefeld-Neuhausen, Hainichen-Niederwiesa and Hartmannsdorf-Wittgensdorf branch lines in

1475-673: The Franconian Circle in 1606. He was also one of the founding members of the Protestant Union founded in 1608 as a way of giving teeth to the Peace of Augsburg (1555). Karsten was Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth which oversaw the governance of Hof when the 30 Years War broke out ten years later in 1618. On November 6 a fire broke out in Hof that destroyed 174 houses. Hof was again left destitute and it took 40 years before widespread re-construction could be financed. During this time period Hof

1534-647: The Holy Cross in 1292. In 1299 75% of the city (both Old and New Hof) was destroyed by a fire and the population was left destitute. It took over 30 years to rebuild Hof, however during the rebuilding process (1319) the Vogt Heinrich XII the Younger (der Jüngere) of Weida (1302–1324) confirmed traditional rights and privileges upon the City of Hof. These rights officially made Hof a city. In 1373, Vogt Heinrich XVI of Weida sold

1593-857: The Regnitzland to Burgrave Friedrich V of Nürnberg . However, due to this early history with the Vögte of Weida, Hof is still considered part of the geographical region known as the Vogtland . To this day the Wappen (Shield) of Hof has the lion of the Vögte emblazoned in remembrance of the fact it was once owned by the Vögte. The name of the Museum Bayerisches Vogtland in Hof today also pays homage to this history. Burgrave Friedrich V died on January 21, 1398, and his lands were split between his two sons, Johann III and Friedrich IV, thus creating what has been called

1652-631: The Saale River looking back one can still see a cannonball lodged in one of the towers of St. Michaeliskirche from the siege of 1553. Aftermath: St. Lorenzkirche was looted and burned during the siege and the old Watch Tower was also burned out. The Hospitalkirche , which was used as a war camp by the attackers, was attacked and destroyed by the city's defenders. Also, the end of the last Roman Catholic stronghold in Hof; Das Kloster der Klarissen occurred during this siege as Abbess Amalie of Hirschberg escaped with her nuns to Cheb (Eger) . The Cloister

1711-541: The area north of the Rekkenze farming settlement ( Altstadt ) at the area downstream now known as Neustadt (New City). By 1248 the royal house of Andechs-Merania dies out with Duke Otto II . Soon after the Vögte of Weida acquired the Regnitzland including Hof. Vogt Henry VIII of Weida (1258–1279) earned the city of Hof and Regnitzland. He was married to Sophie, daughter of Count Hermann II of Orlamünde and Beatrix of Andechs-Merania (daughter of Count Otto I). Under

1770-531: The city of Hof in numerous documents and publications throughout the years. This legacy remains even to this day as the word Hof is German for 'court', just as curiae is Latin for 'court'. Sometime around the 6th century AD the Slavic Sorbs began arriving near the Saale River which runs through Hof. They are first mentioned in 631 A.D., when Fredegar’s Chronicle described them as "Surbi" and as under

1829-627: The city's ballet company and a youth theatre. The Hofer Symphoniker , Hof's symphony orchestra, plays as opera orchestra at the theatre and gives concerts at the Freiheitshalle Hof . The town of Hof consists of the following districts in particular: Hof is located in between the areas of the Franconian Forest , the Fichtel Mountains and the Vogtland . Hof has an humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ; Trewartha : Dclo ). Hof

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1888-527: The creation of the Mittelsachsen district, the heraldic society "Schwarzer Löwe" in Leipzig, in collaboration with graphics studio Eberhard Heinicker, put forward several proposals for a new coat of arms. Six proposals in total were put to the district council. The district council eventually chose the current design on 10 June 2009. The coat of arms shows the lion of Meißen, representing the Margravate of Meissen , and

1947-489: The district and can only be reached by changing trains at Dresden Hbf , Riesa , Elsterwerda or Leipzig Hbf . The interregional Dresden-Nuremberg connection via Freiberg and Flöha , which existed until 2014 and was most recently marketed as the Franken-Sachsen-Express , was interrupted at Hof in order to be able to run between Dresden, Freiberg, Flöha and Hof with electric traction and barrier-free vehicles in

2006-470: The former districts of Döbeln , Freiberg and Mittweida as part of the district reform of August 2008. The district stretches from the Ore Mountains on the Czech Republic–Germany border to the plains between Leipzig and Dresden . The district borders (from the west and clockwise) the state Thuringia , the districts of Leipzig , Nordsachsen , Meißen , Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge ,

2065-463: The future. In addition to the mainline stations mentioned above, regional centres such as Chemnitz , Zwickau , Plauen and Hof, but also regional destinations such as Olbernhau , Annaberg-Buchholz and Grimma can be reached by local trains. The district town of Freiberg is also integrated into the Dresden S-Bahn network. Burgstädt , Mittweida , Frankenberg and Hainichen are integrated into

2124-584: The guidance of the Vögte of Weida the first city wall and the foundation of the poor hospital (Armenspitals) were built ( c.  1260 ). Also, in 1270 there is the first mention of a castle at Hof and in 1278 the beginnings of the Klarissenkloster was established under the aid of the Vogt. The convent was blessed by the first Franciscan Pope Nicholas IV in 1291 and came under the Franciscan Monastery of

2183-524: The head pastor ( German : Oberpfarrer ) of Hof, Margrave Friedrich von Brandenburg of the Hohenzollern family. This family often fought amongst themselves during the reformation using religion to gain political power. Friedrich tended to side with the Catholic Church against his brother George "the Pious" who used the new Protestant religion to his advantage. In 1524, a reforming priest named Kaspar Löhner

2242-461: The heirless Jürgen Friedrich. Margrave Karsten took power over Brandenburg-Ansbach after Jürgen Friedrich’s death in 1603. In 1604, he moved his capital from Kulmbach to Bayreuth , thus changing the name of the margraviate to Brandenburg-Bayreuth . This Margraviate had been a member of the Franconian Circle since 1500 and Margrave Karsten was elected Colonel ( German : Kreisobrist ) of

2301-513: The nearby Ore Mountains would also contribute to the development of trade in this region. It appears that the missionary efforts of Bamberg were fairly successful in Hof as sometime around 1080 a group of farmers (possibly Sorbish ) settled parts of modern-day Hof had built a chapel on Klausenberg an der Saale. They called their settlement "Rekkenze" which appears to be derived from the Western Slavic word Rekavica meaning "river." Rekkenze

2360-588: The north and east side of the Saale). Also of note, the area around Hof, the southern Bavarian-Bohemian part of the Vogtland, was known as the Regnitzland . This Rekkenze settlement, which later became Hof, went by this and many other names through the years. For example, Hof is also called "curia Reckenize" (court of Reckenize) and "schlosz Reckenitz" (Castle Reckenitz) in a document of the Vögte of Weida  [ de ] in

2419-552: The period the Hussites called the Spanilé jízdy (or "beautiful rides") they raided and devastated the city of Hof. on 25 January they burnt Plauen and then turned their attention to Hof. From the end of January into February they attacked and finally broke through killing many Hofers and looted and burned Hof. They also took away inhabitants of Hof as booty. In 1432 a militia was organized to defend Hof. The organization of this Shooter's Guild

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2478-432: The radical lay-preacher from Zwickau, Nikolaus Storch , also arrived in Hof. According to the Hof chronicler Enoch Widmann , Storch was in Hof at the end of 1524 working as a weaver, but still preaching and gaining followers. Previously a co-worker with Thomas Müntzer , Storch is also considered a forerunner of the Anabaptist movement, because Widmann recorded him as having preached and practiced adult baptism in Hof. This

2537-411: The rest of the world. Although not home to a king or prince, Hof was on located on a somewhat protected, and very important trade route; the Via Imperii . This route led from Italy to the Baltic Sea and Hof was well situated to be a place of rest for travelers and traders as the flourishing markets of Leipzig , Zwickau , and Nuremberg began to develop. The budding mining industry of silver and tin from

2596-425: The rule of a Dervan , an ally of Samo . The Frankish Kingdom of Charlemagne and his descendants were determined to Christianize the pagan Slavs and various campaigns were waged against them. The Annales Regni Francorum state that in 806 A.D. Sorbian Duke Miliduch fought against the Franks and was killed by Charles the Younger the son of Charlemagne around nearby modern-day Weißenfels . The region where Hof

2655-461: The same year. Fortunately for the distraught citizens of Hof Heinrich Holk's forces were politically stymied after the Battle of Lützen on November 16. During the war, Margrave Karsten formed an alliance with Sweden, although the Swedes sacked Hof on 29 May 1640. Emperor Ferdinand II tried to depose him as ruler of Bayreuth in 1635; however, he continued in office. All of Europe was deeply affected by these wars. Disease, starvation, and warfare took

2714-492: The venerable brothers in Christ and faithful citizens of the city of Hof, Kaspar Löner, Pastor, and Nicholas Medler, School Master." However, the next month (13 July 1531) both Löhner and Medler were ousted from Hof. This is due to the fact that even though George the Pious was actively trying to introduce Protestantism into his lands, he was constantly opposed by his brother Friedrich who held numerous benefices in Hof. Also still holding great influence and power in and around Hof

2773-412: The year 1276. It has been suggested that the name "Hof" is the shortened form of Stadt am Regnitzhof meaning "City on the Court at the Regnitz". Other names for Hof have included: Curia Bavarica (Variscorum), Curiae Nariscorum , Curiae Regnitianae , Curiae Regnitianae ad Salam , Curiae Variscorum , Hoff , Hofii , Hof an der Saale , and Hoff im Voitlande to name but

2832-431: The year after he arrived (1525) and he was replaced by the Catholic priest Wolfgang Thech. On Easter of 1527 Thech had his beard and hair purposely set on fire by young men while he was impersonating Christ in a Harrowing of Hell re-enactment. Believing they had been taught to disrespect the priesthood by men like Löhner, Thech left Hof for Halle an der Saale. After time in Wittenberg (1526) and then Oelzntiz (1527) Löhner

2891-494: Was a supporter of the Bishop of Bamberg. Being acquainted with Martin Luther, both Pastor Löhner and Schoolmaster Medler asked him for advice concerning this opposition and received a letter from Luther addressed from Wittenberg on June 7, 1531, which encouraged them to stay. The letter begins: " Martin Luther an die verehrten Brüder in Christo und treuen Bürger der Stadt Hof, Kaspar Löner, Pfarrer, und Nikolaus Medler, Schullehrer. " Translation: "[From] Martin Luther, to

2950-465: Was during this time period that the Catholic population in Hof became severely limited, although it held on for a few more decades. In 1538 the Sigmundskirche was demolished and the St. Gangolf church was sold (and was later burned down and turned into barns). After the Franciscan monastery was abolished in Hof in 1564, Catholicism did not really regain ground in the city again until after Catholic Bavaria purchased Franconia in 1810. It wasn't until 1837 that

3009-412: Was first mentioned in a document written by one Pastor Albertus of St. Lorenzkirche in 1214 to the Bishop of Bamberg. The Slavic language has left many marks on the geography of this region and to this day there are two waterways known as "Regnitz" near Hof: the Upper/Southern Regnitz (which flows in the south of Hof on the east side of the Saale River) and the Lower/Northern Regnitz (which flows in

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3068-490: Was killed during battle around 167 AD and it is possible that these ancient peoples were then transplanted to Italy by Marcus Aurelius and lost their identity. A few centuries later (4th or 5th century) the obscure Armalausi peoples appear where the Varisci once lived, however the Latin name of Varisci stuck to the region. This is evidenced by nearby Plauen being called Plavia Variscorum and Hof: Curia Variscorum . The name Curiae Variscorum has been used to denote

3127-409: Was known in Latin as Curiae Variscorum or Curiae Nariscorum meaning "Court of the Varisci/Narisci." It is assumed then that Hof was the place where the chief(s) of the Varisci (or Narisci) tribe of the Suebi people held court (and/or perhaps a pagan temple or hall). The Varisci appear briefly in Tacitus ' Germania (Chapter 42) as participants in the Marcomannic Wars . Their chief, Valao,

3186-458: Was left vulnerable, especially to the pillaging of the mercenary Heinrich Holk 's notorious cavalry unit, "Holk's Horse" (see below). In 1632 and 33 Heinrich Holk's cavalry unit of Croatian and Polish forces ravaged the surrounding region (especially the neighboring Electorate of Saxony ). On 23 Jan 1633, 8 companies of Holk's Horse plundered Hof. The raiding, raping, looting, and destruction continued also in later raids on June 13 and August 11 of

3245-436: Was looted and later turned into a school. After the siege, Henry IV briefly put Georg Wolf of Kotzau (who had once served Margrave Albert) in charge of the governance of Hof. Finally, Albert's cousin, Margrave Jürgen Friedrich of Brandenburg-Ansbach (reign of 1557–1603) took power and ruled over Hof and rebuilt it along with much of his Margraviate which had been ransacked during the war. The noted artist Hans Glaser made

3304-414: Was opposed by Löhner and others in Hof and towards the end of January in 1525 he applied to the mayor of Zwickau to be allowed to return there. This was refused and according to Philip Melancthon (letter to Joachim Camerarius , 17 April 1525) Storch played a leading role in the Peasants War of 1525 . Löhner's first stay in Hof was also short-lived and Head Pastor Friedrich von Brandenburg had him removed

3363-503: Was reassigned from his preaching position at Kloster Birkenfeld , after complaints from the Abbess, and brought to Hof under Head Pastor Friedrich v. Brandenburg. Löhner had been performing Mass in German and singing German songs during the Mass. He arrived in Hof where his preaching continued to carry a certain reformation flavor. This is understandable given that he was a friend of Martin Luther who had accompanied him from Wittenberg and Augsburg in 1518. Soon after Löhner arrived in Hof

3422-420: Was the Bishop of Bamberg Weigand von Redwitz . These two were able to somewhat curb the influence of Margrave George the Pious and the reformers. However, the next year, in 1532, George the Pious was able to obtain the famous theologian and reformer Stephan Agricola and assign him to St. Michaeliskirche in Hof. Also during the year 1532 there was public shock throughout Hof as a local noblewoman who had become

3481-452: Was then reinstated in 1528 in Hof by Friedrich's Lutheran brother the Margrave George the Pious. Löhner then returned to Hof in league with the Hof born theologian, mathematician, and school master Nikolaus Medler (who was also a student of Luther's). Together they more boldly introduced the Reformation. The first Evangelical (Lutheran) communion service in Hof was held by Löhner at St. Michaeliskirche on September 5, 1529. This public act marks

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