Misplaced Pages

#53946

62-401: Mikhail Yefimovich Fradkov (Russian: Михаи́л Ефи́мович Фрадко́в , IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil jɪˈfʲiməvʲɪtɕ frɐtˈkof] ; born 1 September 1950) is a Russian politician who served as Prime Minister of Russia from 2004 to 2007. An Independent , he was the longest serving director of Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service from 2007 to 2016. Since 4 January 2017, Fradkov has been Director of

124-659: A daily newspaper in 1992. It was owned by the businessman Boris Berezovsky from 1999 until 2006, when he sold it to Badri Patarkatsishvili . In September 2006, it was sold to Alisher Usmanov . In January 2005, Kommersant published a protest at a court ruling ordering it to publish a denial of a story about a crisis at Alfa-Bank . In 2008, BBC News named Kommersant one of Russia's leading liberal business broadsheets. It has been argued that Kommersant strategically uses an ironic tone in its reporting, expressed in "creative neologisms , wordplay , metaphors, and legally imposed euphemisms ," allowing it to maintain

186-527: A letter that is silent at the end of a word in modern Russian, and was thus largely abolished by the post-revolution Russian spelling reform , in reference to the original Kommersant . This is played up in the Kommersant logo, which features a script hard sign at the end of somewhat more formal font. The newspaper also refers to itself or its redaction as "Ъ". Founded as a weekly newspaper , it became popular among business and political elites. It then became

248-610: A promotion requiring a lie detector test should have been followed up more aggressively. Shcherbakov also had a daughter in the United States. Kommersant , which broke the story, speculated that Fradkov might be replaced by Sergei Naryshkin and/or Russian intelligence services reorganized. Pavel Fradkov , the son of Mikhail Fradkov, is a deputy head of the state property watchdog Rosimushchestvo . Replacing his predecessor Mikhail Kasyanov in March 2004, Fradkov took over as Chairman of

310-647: Is "Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation ". In modern Russia, the prime minister is appointed by the president , with the consent of the State Duma . The prime minister is responsible to the president and regularly reports to him, however, he only reports to the State Duma once a year. After the election of Boris Yeltsin , President of Russia , the head of the government was Yeltsin himself. He headed

372-506: Is a nationally distributed daily newspaper published in Russia mostly devoted to politics and business. The TNS Media and NRS Russia certified July 2013 circulation of the daily was 120,000–130,000. It is widely considered to be one of Russia's three main business dailies (together with Vedomosti and RBK Daily ). The original Kommersant newspaper was established in Moscow in 1909, but

434-627: Is not provisioned by Constitution and it is not separate office. The Chapter 6 of the Constitution of Russia says, that "The Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministries". The prime minister can leave his post at his own request or if it is impossible for him to exercise his powers. The Federal constitutional law "On

496-415: Is not required in that moment. The Federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation" does not limit the term of "temporary absence" of the prime minister and the term of work of the acting prime minister. There can be more than one First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia , therefore written distribution of responsibilities is the most important document. The office of First Vice-Premier

558-683: The Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire , bringing together the Ministers in one Cabinet (previously each Minister had reported directly to the Emperor on the affairs of his department). The Chairman of the Council of Ministers officially became a fully-fledged head of government. Nicholas appointed Graf Sergei Witte as his first "prime minister". From 1905 the prime minister received extensive powers, with

620-453: The Council of People's Commissars was the de facto leader of the RSFSR (from 1922 to 1991). In 1946, the post of head of government was renamed Chairman of the Council of Ministers . People who held those positions are sometimes referred to as the prime ministers. They may have also been referred to as premier of ministers, or simply premier . Currently, the formal title of the prime minister

682-714: The Council of People's Commissars , which was chaired from 1917 to 1924 by Vladimir Lenin . That body was renamed Council of Ministers following a decree of the Supreme Council on 23 March 1946. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Boris Yeltsin , as the President of the Russian Federation , was automatically appointed as the Head of Government of the Russian Federation in the first two years of his mandate. The latter body took

SECTION 10

#1733106764054

744-771: The February Revolution and the inception of the Russian Provisional Government on 2 (15) March 1917, Georgy Lvov from the Constitutional Democratic Party and Alexander Kerensky from the Socialist Revolutionary Party became joint Minister-Chairmen. The provisional Russian Republic was eventually replaced by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) and the governmental body by

806-764: The Moscow Machine Tool Design (станкоинструментальный) Institute (graduated 1972) and the Foreign Trade Academy (graduated 1981). In 1973, he was posted to the economic section of the Soviet Union 's embassy in India , where he remained for two years. He later held several positions back in Russia. In 1991, he was Russia's representative to General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in Geneva . In late 1992, Fradkov

868-488: The Russian Institute for Strategic Studies . The cabinet of Fradkov was the first government in the history of Russia that voluntarily resigned in accordance with part 1 of Article 117 of the constitution. He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation . Fradkov was born near Samara to a family of Jewish origin on his father's side. He studied at both

930-512: The State Council and the Committee of Ministers, as well as high-ranking officers appointed by the Emperor. The first session ended on 11 (23) December 1882, after the number of files to the Council greatly decreased. The Committee of Ministers functioned simultaneously with the second session of the Council of Ministers for six more months; Count Sergei Witte participated on both entities until

992-667: The Union of Right Forces , noting his experience in the government in various areas and international authority, thanks to his work as Russian Plenipotentiary Envoy to the European Union . According to many analysts, he was the so-called "technical prime minister" who did not pursue an independent policy. All key decisions were made by the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation , said Alexei Makarkin, deputy general director of

1054-460: The president of Russia , subject to the consent of the State Duma (before 1993 the Supreme Soviet ). Unlike most other "prime ministers", who are also elected members of the legislative body or parliament, the Chairman of the Government of Russia can be any Russian citizen, as long as they do not also hold citizenship of another country. Under law, the president shall nominate a new Chairman of

1116-644: The Center for Political Technologies. The following steps marked the activities of the Fradkov government : On 14 November 2005, Vladimir Putin introduced two new positions in the government, further curtailing the prime minister's powers. Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev became the first deputy chairman in charge of the implementation of

1178-457: The Duma, call for new elections and appoint a candidate for prime minister without its consent. Should the State Duma reject candidates nominated by the president for three times consecutively, the president shall dissolve it and call a new election, while the prime minister shall be appointed by the president without participation of the Duma. The State Duma may not be dissolved on these grounds during

1240-587: The Emperor thought necessary. In Soviet times, the term of the prime minister was also unlimited. The Chairman Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR served in the position until he was dismissed by the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . A term limit was introduced after the creation of the post of the president of Russia . Government became subordinate to the president, so

1302-622: The Government of the Russian Federation . In early March 2004, the State Duma overwhelmingly agreed to the appointment of Mikhail Fradkov as Chairman of the Government: he was supported by the United Russia and LDPR factions, as well as some of the deputies from the Motherland, and opposed by the Communist Party faction. Of the non-parliamentary parties, Fradkov's candidacy was supported by

SECTION 20

#1733106764054

1364-447: The Government of the Russian Federation" says that the dismissal of the prime minister entails the resignation of the entire government. If the prime minister resigns, the president has the right to delegate his duties to one of his Vice-premiers. This situation cannot continue for more than two months – this period is reserved for the head of state to select a candidate for a new prime minister and submit it to The state Duma. Very often,

1426-401: The Government within two weeks of the resignation of a previous government or inauguration ceremony of president . The State Duma is to discuss the matter within two weeks of the nomination and make a decision. The procedure of granting consent by the parliament is usually preceded by several days of comprehensive consultations and interviews of the candidate by the parliamentary factions. Should

1488-481: The Russian Empire lasted 12 years; during this time seven people took this post (one twice). The position lapsed after the February Revolution of March 1917, following the abdication of Nicholas II from the throne on 15 March [ O.S. 2 March] 1917 and the formation that same day of the Provisional Government . During the Russian Provisional Government , the prime minister de facto headed

1550-596: The Russian SFSR Government (16 May 1992, the Government of the Russian Federation) for about six months. In fact, Yeltsin was the first Head of Government of Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union ; however, he was not the prime minister. After Yeltsin, Yegor Gaidar became acting prime minister, but the Russian Supreme Soviet refused to approve him as prime minister. On 14 December 1992,

1612-644: The Russian state and was officially called the “Minister-Chairman of the Russian Provisional Government". This position was held by only two people, Georgy Lvov and Alexander Kerensky . The position lasted about six months, and after the October Revolution , was replaced by Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR . During the reign of Vladimir Lenin , the Chairman of

1674-479: The State Duma approved the candidacy of a new prime minister. According to a poll by the Public Opinion Foundation conducted after Fradkov's resignation from the post of Prime Minister, the majority of Russians could not name any achievements (80%) or failures (75%) in the activities of the former prime minister in his post. In November 2005, British experts predicted the departure of Mikhail Fradkov from

1736-425: The State Duma decide to give the president its approval, the president may immediately sign the respective appointment decree. Should the State Duma refuse to give its approval, the president will have to nominate another (or the same) candidate within one week of the rejection of the previous candidate. However, in the event that the Duma rejects the president's appointment to prime minister three times, he may dissolve

1798-473: The abolition of the committee on 23 April (5 May) 1906. Following that event, the duties of the committee were left to the Council of Ministers, until the formation of the Small Council in 1909, which also included deputy ministers. By the order of Emperor Nicholas II , the second session of the Council of Ministers began on 19 October (1 November) 1905, following the formation of the State Duma . Shortly after

1860-507: The acting prime minister later proposed the State Duma as the new prime minister. In case of the president's death, resignation or impeachment , the prime minister becomes a temporary president until new presidential elections which must take place within three months. The prime minister as acting president may not dissolve the State Duma, announce a referendum or propose amendments to the Constitution. The Russian Constitution does not explicitly specify who should become acting president if

1922-408: The beginning of his Premiership) each tried to form a coalition government of the largest political organizations, they did not succeed. The State Duma nevertheless tried to gain influence over the government. Conflict between the State Duma and the government became particularly evident during the first Premiership of Ivan Goremykin in 1906. The position of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of

Mikhail Fradkov - Misplaced Pages Continue

1984-442: The cabinet nor the Duma are dismissed). However, within one year after parliamentary elections the dissolution of the State Duma is impossible on these grounds. That is why in this case the president does not have any other option but to dismiss the government (even if he totally supports it). Initially, the term of office of the prime minister was not formally established. The head of the government served in his post for as long as

2046-411: The chairmanship was granted to the state chancellor, Count Nikolay Rumyantsev , the former then chairman of the State Council . Since 1812, as chairman of the committee has evolved into an independent position, which until 1865 necessarily coincide with the presidency of the Council of State. Traditionally, the chairmanship of the committee was last in the public service honorary position appointed by

2108-501: The committee. Eight years after the inauguration of the manifest, the first de jure office holder was Count Nikolay Rumyantsev . The Council of Ministers was unofficially formed in October 1857, as a result of Emperor Alexander II's reforms; its first session began on 19 (31) December 1857. Before the actual formation of that body on 12 (24) November 1861, the Emperor himself was in charge. The Council of Ministers consisted of chairman of

2170-596: The confirmation of a successor by the Duma. Zubkov was confirmed on 14 September 2007. On 6 October 2007, President Putin announced that he would appoint Fradkov as head of the Foreign Intelligence Service . Fradkov's appointment as head of the Foreign Intelligence Service, combined with his service in India, are suggestive of a KGB background. This calls into question earlier assumptions that he

2232-404: The constitution. Mikhail Mishustin is the current prime minister. He was appointed on 16 January 2020 after Dmitry Medvedev and the rest of the government resigned the previous day . Until 1905, the head of government was the emperor . In the absence of the emperor, the ministers one by one, starting with the oldest in the rank, each acted as head of government for four sessions. In 1810,

2294-528: The dignitaries that have become too old to execution of the duties of the minister. A number of committee chairmen (especially duke Alexander Chernyshyov , count Alexey F. Orlov , count Dmitry Bludov ) was characterized by contemporaries as "barely alive", "miserable". Count Modest Korf jokingly wrote about count Chernyshov: "Look, just live!" Duke Pavel Gagarin died in office at the age of 83 years. The modern post of prime minister appeared in 1905. A decree of Emperor Nicholas II on 19 October 1905 established

2356-526: The first year after parliamentary elections, the last six months of the incumbent president's term, as well as in time of emergency, or war and in the event that the State Duma has initiated the impeachment of the incumbent president. The prime minister may be dismissed by the president at any time at the president's discretion. The prime minister may also tender his resignation to the president on his own initiative. The president may reject such resignation and oblige him to continue his work. The prime minister and

2418-649: The government, followed up by non-partisans and acting office holders. On 8 May 2008, Vladimir Putin took the office for a second term, now as a member of United Russia . Current Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin took the office on 16 January 2020. The youngest head of government by his accession to office was Count Karl-Fridrikh Golshteyn-Gottorpsky , at age 26, and the oldest Count Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy , at age 81. List below includes Prime Ministers since 1991 Kommersant Kommersant ( Russian : Коммерсантъ , IPA: [kəmʲɪrˈsant] , The Businessman or Commerce Man, often shortened to Ъ )

2480-409: The head of state (for example, it is the president who appoints and dismisses the prime minister and other members of the government; the president may chair the meetings of the cabinet and give obligatory orders to the prime minister and other members of the government; the president may also revoke any act of the government). The use of the term prime minister is strictly informal and is never used in

2542-460: The nominal head of government, and in fact the activities of the government are headed by the president. In general, the prime minister serves more of an administrative role, nominating members of the Cabinet and taking the lead in fully implementing domestic and foreign policy as formulated by the president. In accordance with the federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation"

Mikhail Fradkov - Misplaced Pages Continue

2604-496: The opportunity to pursue his own policies and reforms. Pyotr Stolypin (in office: 1906–1911) gained a reputation as one of the strongest prime ministers - during his premiership he made several major (though controversial) reforms. Though the Russian Constitution of 1906 established the State Duma (a representative house of parliament), the Government was not responsible to it. Although Sergei Witte and Pyotr Stolypin (at

2666-462: The post of prime minister. In April 2018, the United States imposed sanctions on him and 23 other Russian nationals. Sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War . Prime Minister of Russia Due to the central role of the president of Russia in the political system, the activities of the executive branch (including the prime minister) are significantly influenced by

2728-430: The pressure of the State Duma. For that to happen, the State Duma has to pass a censure motion against the government twice within three months. Normally, in this case the president has the right to choose whether to sack the government or to dissolve the Duma (and if the Duma passes the censure motion just once, the president may also choose "not to agree" with the decision of the Duma, which technically means that neither

2790-494: The previous name "Council of Ministers", the chairman of which became Viktor Chernomyrdin , replacing acting chairman Yegor Gaidar . According to the new constitution ratified on 25 December 1993, those two entities were separated. Since then, the head of that office takes the formal title "Chairmen of the Government" or colloquially "Prime Minister" (the only actual prime minister was Valentin Pavlov ). Chernomyrdin resumed chairing

2852-419: The prime minister appointed was Viktor Chernomyrdin . The Russian political system is similar to the modern French system. For the appointment of the prime minister the president needs a majority in the state Duma. If the party president does not have the majority and fails to form a coalition, the president may need to appoint a loyalist to the position of prime minister. For example, this occurred in 1998 when

2914-452: The prime minister exercises the following duties: The prime minister is ex officio a member of: Initially, the prime minister was appointed by the Emperor of Russia , without the consent of the candidate to the State Duma . In Soviet times, the prime minister of the Russian SFSR was appointed by the Supreme Council after each election. Currently the prime minister is appointed by

2976-530: The prime minister is not appointed or is unable to perform his or her duties. Some believe that in the case of incapacity of the president and prime minister, the chairman of the Federation Council should become acting head of state. However, nowhere in the legislation is this fixed. Approximately 99 people have been head of the Russian government since its establishment in 1726. The chairman of government

3038-427: The prime minister must resign along with the president, but may be appointed again. From 1991 to 1996, the maximum term of office of the prime minister was 5 years. After the new Constitution of Russia was created, the term of office of the president, and therefore the term of office of the prime minister, was shortened to 4 years. In 2012, after amendments to the Constitution the term of the president and prime minister

3100-525: The so-called National Priority Projects , and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Sergei Ivanov became the deputy chairman in charge of defense and the military-industrial complex. In 2006, Fradkov received an income of 2.59 million rubles, which increased from 2005 (1.8 million) by 44%. On 12 September 2007, at a meeting with the President of the Russian Federation, Fradkov

3162-404: The state Duma (which had most of the opposition to the president of the party) twice refused to appoint Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin, and Boris Yeltsin appointed Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov , who supported the left opposition. In the mid-1990s in Russia there was a term "technical prime minister". This term refers to the prime minister, who is not an independent political figure, is only

SECTION 50

#1733106764054

3224-417: The upcoming political events. The President accepted the government's resignation and thanked Fradkov for the results achieved in his work. Putin noted such achievements of the government as reasonable economic growth rates, lower inflation, growth in real incomes of the population, and the launch of major social projects. At the same time, the President offered Fradkov to act as chairman of the government until

3286-415: The whole government are constitutionally obliged to resign after the inauguration of a newly elected president. At the same time, the president has the right to dismiss both the entire government together with the prime minister, and only prime minister, retaining the government. Under certain circumstances, the president may also theoretically be forced to dismiss the chairman and the whole government under

3348-523: Was a member of the Supreme Privy Council , which was created on 8 (19) February 1726 by Empress Catherine , and from 8 (20) September 1802 ministerial duties were allocated by the Committee of Ministers , which was established on in accordance with the proclamation of Emperor Alexander II . Beginning with Count Aleksandr Romanovich Vorontsov , the eldest of the officers was de facto chairman of

3410-469: Was an "outsider" in Kremlin circles and provides an explanation for Putin's trust in him. In November 2010, reports emerged that one of Fradkov's intelligence officers, a Colonel Shcherbakov, had defected to the United States on 21 June 2010, having betrayed a Russian spy ring in the United States. Critics alleged that the suspicions that Shcherbakov was a double agent which emerged when Shcherbakov turned down

3472-415: Was appointed Deputy Minister for Foreign Economic Relations. Less than a year later, in October 1993, he became First Deputy Minister for Foreign Economic Relations. On 15 April 1997, a presidential decree by Boris Yeltsin appointed Fradkov Minister of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, a post which he kept for nearly a year. In the middle of 1999, another presidential decree made him Minister of Trade. He

3534-409: Was appointed prime minister for the second time, as Vladimir Putin had won the presidential election and been inaugurated on 7 May (see also Mikhail Fradkov's Second Cabinet ). On 12 September 2007 Fradkov announced his resignation to President Putin, which Putin accepted, nominating Viktor Zubkov as Fradkov's successor. Putin bestowed an award on Fradkov and said that he would remain in office until

3596-435: Was asked to resign the government, motivating it as follows: Understanding the ongoing political processes today, I would like you to have complete freedom in choosing decisions, including personnel. And, I think that it would be right, on my part, to come up with the initiative to vacate the post of Prime Minister so that you have no restrictions in decision-making and arranging, here, the power configuration in connection with

3658-421: Was increased to 6 years. The Federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation" says "in the case of temporary absence of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, his duties are performed by one of the deputy chairmen of the Government of the Russian Federation in accordance with a written distribution of responsibilities". It's automatically and President's Executive Order

3720-585: Was made director of the Federal Tax Police by Vladimir Putin in 2001, having previously been Deputy Secretary of the Security Council. In 2003 he was made Russia's representative to the European Union . On 1 March 2004, he was nominated by Putin as the next prime minister, and this appointment was approved by the Duma on 5 March. Fradkov's nomination as prime minister was a surprise to many observers, as he

3782-670: Was not seen as part of Vladimir Putin's inner circle. Some commentators, such as the Carnegie Moscow Center 's Lilia Shevtsova , have speculated that his "outsider" status might have been an important factor in his nomination, saying that Putin selected him as someone who was "not a representative of any of the warring clans" in the Kremlin. Former Prime Minister Sergei Stepashin , whom Fradkov has served under, called Fradkov "absolutely independent from any sort of political clan or group." Putin and his allies praised Fradkov as experienced, professional, and honest. On 12 May 2004, Fradkov

SECTION 60

#1733106764054

3844-518: Was shut down by the Bolsheviks following the October Revolution in 1917. In 1989, with the onset of press freedom in Russia, Kommersant was relaunched under the ownership of businessman and publicist Vladimir Yakovlev . The first issue was released in January 1990. It was modeled after Western business journalism . The newspaper's title is spelled in Russian with a terminal hard sign (ъ) –

#53946