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105-623: She was commonly associated with humor title character Scribbly the Boy Cartoonist , debuting as a supporting character of him, then sharing titles alongside Scribbly with the Red Tornado alias occasionally. She then was more recurringly affiliated with the Justice Society of America during the debut of the team and consistently still is in modern interpretation within DC Comics publications. She

210-493: A costume and fight crime, calling herself the Red Tornado. The character was immediately popular, and eclipsed Scribbly himself. By issue #23, the Red Tornado was sharing billing with Scribbly, and in #24, Dinky and Sisty joined the fight against crime, calling themselves "the Cyclone Twins". The series continued for three more years as "Scribbly & the Red Tornado". The feature ran through All-American Comics #59, in 1944,

315-644: A different fictional "Earth". The JSA's popularity grew until they regained their own title. All Star Comics #58 (January/February 1976) saw the group return as mentors to a younger set of heroes briefly called the "Super Squad" until they were integrated into the JSA proper. This run lasted until #74, with a brief run thereafter in Adventure Comics #461–466, but it had three significant developments: it introduced Power Girl in All Star Comics #58, chronicled

420-539: A famous cartoonist, Ving Parker, who happens to be Scribbly's hero. Ving takes on Scribbly as an apprentice and even introduces him to real-life cartoonists like Lank Leonard ( Mickey Finn ) and Milt Gross . Scribbly's strip quickly catches on, and while he tries to work from home, his brother, Dinky, inadvertently gives him even more material. This early iteration of the series, before Mayer moves to All-American , eventually shifts to pure slapstick and less about Scribbly's cartooning experiences". A remarkable aspect of

525-799: A great notion, since it offered readers a lot of headliners for a dime, and also the fun of watching fan favorites interact". The JSA's adventures were written by Gardner Fox as well as by John Broome and Robert Kanigher . The series was illustrated by a legion of artists including: Martin Nodell , Joe Kubert , Jack Kirby , Harry Lampert , Joe Simon , Alex Toth , Sheldon Moldoff , Carmine Infantino , Joe Giella , Win Mortimer , Bernard Baily , Frank Giacoia , H. G. Peter , Jack Burnley , Lee Elias , Irwin Hasen , Bob Oksner , Paul Reinman , Everett Edward Hibbard , and Bernard Sachs . The first JSA story featured

630-417: A little tired of it — just this once I'm gonna have some FUN! F'rinstance let's see what would happen if instead of people we draw these characters as animals..." Mayer then explained that Scribbly would be a horse in this issue — "maybe it's because I always know where to find a horse, but I go nuts finding an idea for Scribbly" — while Ma Hunkel would be a big fat chicken, Sisty as a chick and Dinky as

735-526: A mace and gas weaponry to help the younger JSA stun and delay members of the invading Injustice Society . She is taken hostage and frozen by the villain Icicle. She only suffers a mild cold as the team's plans was not to kill or injure but steal from the JSA. Maxine was later responsible for the continuation of the Society as a viable team. When supernatural entities obliterated the brownstone, Jay Garrick believed this

840-656: A major figure in Flash , Teen Titans , and later Justice Society comics. Not long after, most of the team was incapacitated or killed in the 1994 crossover series Zero Hour: Crisis in Time . During the battle between the Justice Society and the villain Extant , the latter removes the chronal energies keeping the Justice Society young. The Atom , Doctor Mid-Nite , and Hourman die immediately. Hawkman and Hawkgirl , who were separated from

945-457: A member received his or her own title, that character would leave All Star Comics , becoming an "honorary member" of the JSA. Thus, the Flash was replaced by Johnny Thunder after #6, and Green Lantern left shortly thereafter for the same reason. For this reason, Superman and Batman were established as already being "honorary" members prior to All Star Comics #3. How these two heroes helped found

1050-517: A one-page cameo in the first JSA story, in All-Star Comics #3. The story, "The First Meeting of the Justice Society of America", has the heroes get together and swap stories about their heroics, and after hearing tales from the Flash , Hawkman , the Spectre and Hour Man , the group notices that the Red Tornado is in the room. She explains that she wasn't invited to the meeting, but she came up on

1155-562: A one-panel appearance in Animal Man "Deus Ex Machine", in a sort of limbo for characters who at the time weren't written into mainstream continuity. In Alex Ross's classic 1996 graphic novel Kingdom Come , set in an alternative DC future , the "Original Red Tornado" is identified as Ma Hunkel: she can just be seen at the top-left hand side of the Justice League line-up which includes Superman and Norman McCay . In issue #3, (page 135 of

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1260-741: A pony. This talking animal story was the last "Scribbly" story in All-American , with Mayer presumably tired of the strip altogether. Mayer's next project was a talking animal humor book, Funny Stuff , which launched with a Summer 1944 issue, with new stars the Three Mouseketeers and McSnurtle the Turtle, the Terrific Whatzit . One final "Scribbly" chapter was published in the one-shot giant The Big All-American Comic Book , dated December 1944. When Archie made teen humor comics popular, Scribbly

1365-516: A red variation of the Silver Age Blue Beetle 's costume), and brought in Ri and Darknight, two Chinese superheroes that he had created for his Batman Confidential run. An ongoing series titled JSA All-Stars debuted with a February 2010 cover date (distinct from JSA: All Stars , a limited series published from July 2003 to February 2004). The series focused on a second team that formed after

1470-492: A result, the Flash and Green Lantern returned to the team. With issue #27 (Winter 1945), National Comics bought out Max Gaines' share of All-American and the two companies merged to form Detective Comics, Inc. The JSA roster remained mostly the same for the rest of the series. Gardner Fox left the series with issue #34 (April–May 1947) with a story that introduced a new super-villain, the Wizard . The Injustice Society first battled

1575-679: A surprisingly strong woman. Many who encountered her often believed that the Red Tornado was, in fact, a man, a notion that helped protect Ma's secret identity on more than one occasion. Furthermore, she is a skilled cook. In the Kingdom Come timeline, an older Ma Hunkel wielding a more sophisticated armor version of the Red Tornado costume joins the re-formed Justice League under Superman , and appears with her granddaughter Maxine Hunkel . Maxine known as Red Tornado III or Cyclone , originally fought against Superman 's Justice League after his return, before deciding to join it. She travels with

1680-400: A team of villains from both worlds. The following year, the two teams of heroes worked together to stop an evil version of the Justice League from another alternative Earth ( Justice League of America #29, "Crisis on Earth-Three", August 1964). These stories became the first in a long series of team-ups of the two supergroups, an annual summer tradition which continued until 1985. As well as

1785-588: A two-issue story by Jerry Ordway , Bill Willingham and Lilah Sturges took over as writers with issue #29 in July 2009. Another JLA/JSA crossover was chronicled in Justice League of America #44–48 and Justice Society of America #41–42 under the Brightest Day banner. James Robinson, the writer who co-wrote the 1999 JSA relaunch, took over as the book's writer for the crossover while Mark Bagley illustrated

1890-458: A welcome letter, a badge, a decoder, a four-page comic book, and a membership certificate. By All Star Comics #24 (Spring 1945), a real-world schism between National Comics and All-American Publications—a nominally independent company run by Max Gaines and Jack Liebowitz —had occurred, which resulted in the Detective Comics, Inc. (National Comics) heroes being removed from the title. As

1995-454: A woman to be his costumed avenger, remaking the formidable Ma Hunkel into the even more formidable Red Tornado. Actually the people in the strip never knew the true sex of the Tornado. They only knew that this bulky figure in the red flannels, bedroom slippers, cape, and inverted stew pot could be counted on to tackle all sorts of criminals from the biggest to the smallest". In fact, Ma Hunkel had

2100-659: Is a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . It was conceived by editor Sheldon Mayer and writer Gardner Fox during the Golden Age of Comic Books . It first appeared in All Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940–1941), making it the first team of superheroes in comic books. Its original members were Doctor Fate , Hourman , the Spectre , Sandman , Atom , the Flash , Green Lantern and Hawkman . The team

2205-626: Is also depicted as the grandmother of Maxine Hunkel . Initially introduced as simply Ma Hunkel, she originated in Sheldon Mayer 's semi-autobiographical humor feature in All-American Comics #3 as a supporting character of Scribbly the Boy Cartoonist . With the skyrocketing popularity of the Superman comic in 1938, comic book publishers began featuring their own superhero characters. All-American Comics responded in 1939 with Gary Concord,

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2310-563: Is not within the province of this book to give Mayer or Scribbly the space both of them deserve". The revival of Scribbly in Convergence got a negative review by Greg McElhatton in Comic Book Resources , opining that it would have been better if the comic "focused more on what it's like to be a cartoonist in a superhero world". He also felt that some of the art for Scribbly was off. In the 2013 book Comics About Cartoonists: Tales of

2415-526: Is on a roof shouting for his Thunderbolt and that it is his fault they lost the Justice Society. At the end of the crossover, it is revealed that the Pre- New 52 Jay Garrick was also stuck in the Speed Force, and Barry is able to momentarily free him. However, when Barry tries to secure him to the universe just as he did to Wally, Jay instead is transported back into the Speed Force in a blast of blue energy. In

2520-588: Is one of seven JSA-related heroes whose solo appearances are collected in an anthology entry in the DC Archive Editions series: Scribbly the Boy Cartoonist Scribbly the Boy Cartoonist is a comic book character created in 1936 by Sheldon Mayer , first appearing in Dell Comics and then moving to All-American Publications . Scribbly Jibbet is a semi-autobiographical character, presenting

2625-456: The Watchmen sequel Doomsday Clock , Doctor Manhattan recalls various events in which he indirectly killed Alan Scott and thus brought about changes in the timeline. On July 16, 1940, Alan Scott was riding on a train over a collapsing bridge, but he survived by grabbing onto a green lantern. He continues his life, eventually "sitting at a round table wearing a mask" and later testifying before

2730-468: The Crisis . One of Roy Thomas's efforts to resolve the Crisis -created inconsistencies was to introduce some analogues to Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman, in a sequel to All-Star Squadron titled Young All-Stars . In 1986, DC decided to write off the JSA from active continuity . The Last Days of the Justice Society one-shot involved most of the team battling the forces of evil while merged with

2835-781: The Fawcett Comics heroes, including Captain Marvel , the death of Mr. Terrific , and the origin of the Black Canary. The JLA/JSA crossovers often involved a third team as well such as the Legion of Super-Heroes , the New Gods , the Secret Society of Super Villains , and the All-Star Squadron . All-Star Squadron was a series taking place in the JSA's original setting of

2940-634: The Golden Age Superman , Batman , Robin , and Wonder Woman ceased to exist, and the Earth-One/Earth-Two dichotomy was resolved by merging the Multiverse into a single universe. This posed a variety of problems for the JSA, whose history—especially in the 1980s comics—was strongly tied up in these four characters. The JLA–JSA team-ups ended with the last pre-Crisis teamup occurring in Justice League of America #244 and Infinity Inc. #19 during

3045-665: The Norse gods in an ever-repeating Ragnarök -like Limbo , written by Thomas, with art by David Ross and Mike Gustovich. Only Power Girl, the Star-Spangled Kid , the Spectre, and Doctor Fate escaped the cataclysm. A later comic book series, The Sandman , portrays this scenario as a simulation, created by Odin in his search for a way to thwart the real Ragnarök. Roy Thomas revised the JSA's origin for post- Crisis continuity in Secret Origins vol. 2 #31. Fan interest resulted in

3150-542: The Spectre , the Sandman , the Atom , Flash , Green Lantern , and Hawkman . Because some of these characters (the Atom, the Flash, Green Lantern, and Hawkman) were published by All-American Publications rather than DC Comics, All-Star Comics #3 is the first inter-company superhero title, as well as the first team-up title. Comics' historian Les Daniels noted that: "This was obviously

3255-544: The Sunday comics pages into a comic book layout, which Gaines would sell to Dell Comics , to publish in one of their anthology books. Along with the recut strips, Mayer included a one-page strip of his own, Scribbly the Boy Cartoonist , and this was published in Dell's Popular Comics #6 (July 1936), alongside established strips like Smokey Stover , Winnie Winkle and Harold Teen . Jean-Paul Gabilliet said: "[Mayer] presented all

Ma Hunkel - Misplaced Pages Continue

3360-501: The wartime 1940s. This led to a spinoff, modern day series entitled Infinity, Inc. which starred the children and heirs of the JSA members. Both series were written by noted JSA fan Roy Thomas and featured art by Rich Buckler , Jerry Ordway , Todd McFarlane , and others. In 1985, DC retconned many details of the DC Universe in Crisis on Infinite Earths . Among the changes,

3465-436: The "Earth-Two" characters. Later, this fictional age gap was to become a major theme for character development, with the fictional histories of different versions of the same characters deviating significantly from each other in ways impacted by their differences in age, including even the deaths of popular characters such as Batman in one setting while different, contemporary versions of the characters lived on as inhabitants of

3570-547: The 1980s when the heroes would logically be well into their 60s. The explanation given for this by writer Roy Thomas in All-Star Squadron Annual #3 is that the team, and several friends, have absorbed energy from the magical villain Ian Karkull during an adventure in the 1940s that stunts their aging process. Meanwhile, the JSA continued their annual team-ups with the Justice League. Notable events include meeting

3675-518: The Atom . The superhero trend was so powerful that in the Scribbly story in issue #20 (Nov 1940), Ma Hunkel became a superhero herself. In the story, Scribbly's little brother and Ma Hunkel's daughter Sisty are kidnapped, and the police are unable to locate them. Scribbly tells Ma about the Green Lantern, and she's inspired to don a costume and fight crime, calling herself the Red Tornado . By issue #23,

3780-442: The Flash , Hawkman , and Wildcat find Ma to tell her that she can come out of hiding, as the last member of the gang against whom she testified in 1950 has died. Ma subsequently becomes caretaker of the JSA's Manhattan museum/headquarters. She does not, however, resume her crimefighting activities as the Red Tornado. Her daughter and (now) son-in-law, the former Cyclone Kids, briefly have their own costumed adventures, starting in

3885-514: The Golden Age and subsequent eras. The 1985 Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series merged all of the company's various alternate realities into one, placing the JSA as World War II era predecessors to the company's modern characters. A JSA series was published from 1999 to 2006, and a Justice Society of America series that ran from 2007 to 2011. As part of DC Comics' 2011 relaunch of its entire line of monthly books, an unnamed version of

3990-626: The House Un-American Activities Committee but refusing to implicate anyone in his employ. On July 16, 1940, again, Doctor Manhattan moves the lantern six inches out of Alan Scott's reach so that Scott dies in the train accident and leaves no family behind. At the Daily Planet, Lois Lane finds a flash-drive showing footage of various members of the Justice Society of America such as Alan Scott, Jay Garrick, Doctor Fate, Hawkman, Hourman, Sandman, and Spectre. Lois did not know about

4095-403: The JSA before becoming honorary members was not explained until DC Special #29 in 1977. Hawkman is the only member to appear in every JSA adventure in the original run of All Star Comics . All Star Comics #8 (December 1941/January 1942) featured the first appearance of Wonder Woman . Unlike the other characters who had their own titles, she was allowed to appear in the series, but only as

4200-549: The JSA in issue #37 in a tale written by Robert Kanigher. The team's second female member Black Canary first helped the group in All Star Comics #38 and became a full member in #41. All Star Comics and the JSA's Golden Age adventures ended with issue #57, the title becoming All-Star Western , with no superheroes. A good amount of artwork has survived from an unpublished All Star Comics story titled "The Will of William Wilson" and has been reprinted in various publications from TwoMorrows Publishing . The explanation for

4305-727: The JSA in the Silver Age, and refers directly to their last adventure in All-Star Comics #57, while in The Flash #137 the JSA re-form. These stories set the stage for "Crisis on Earth-One" ( Justice League of America #21, August 1963) and "Crisis on Earth-Two" ( Justice League of America #22, September 1963), a two-part tale where the Golden Age Justice Society teams up with the Silver Age Justice League to combat

Ma Hunkel - Misplaced Pages Continue

4410-446: The JSA split. Calling themselves the "All-Stars", the group included more of the newer, younger members of the JSA. The roster consisted of: Magog, Damage , Power Girl, Hourman, Atom Smasher , Sand , Stargirl , Cyclone , Wildcat (Ton Bronson), Citizen Steel , Judomaster , King Chimera , Anna Fortune , and the A.I. Roxy, with Damage and Magog later being killed. DC cancelled JSA All-Stars with issue #18 (July 2011) because of

4515-662: The JSA was a hotel suite in New York City initially and, after the war, the team settled on a brownstone building in Gotham City , and later in Civic City . The JSA was provided with an orbital satellite headquarters, much like their later counterparts, the JLA, but it was immediately abandoned when it was revealed to be a death trap built in an attempt to kill off the team. The Gotham City brownstone remained unoccupied until years later when

4620-485: The JSA's secretary from #11 onward, and did not actively take part in most adventures until much later in the series. She was excluded from the title because of the same rules that had excluded the Flash, Green Lantern, Superman, and Batman from the title, though in #13 it was claimed she had become an active member. A fan club for the team called the "Junior Justice Society of America" was introduced in All Star Comics #14 (Dec. 1942-Jan. 1943). The membership kit included

4725-533: The Justice Society Infinity, a team continuing from an analogous post- Crisis Earth-Two. Most of the members of the Justice Society Infinity are original members of Earth-Two's Justice Society, such as the Atom and Robin ( Dick Grayson ), but the Society includes characters that are normally associated with Infinity, Inc., such as Jade and Nuklon ( Albert Rothstein ). Johns' run as writer of Justice Society of America ended with issue #26. Following

4830-520: The Justice Society mostly resided with Hawkman, although initially the Flash, and later Green Lantern, took turns leading the team. For a brief period in 1942, they were known as the Justice Battalion, as they became an extension of the armed forces of the United States of America during World War II. It was later explained that the reason the JSA did not invade Europe and end the war was because of

4935-511: The Justice Society until now. When Doctor Manhattan first arrived in the DC Universe, he witnesses the creation of the JSA and each of its founding members superhero personas. In one timeline (Golden Age/Earth-2), Doctor Manhattan watches as the JSA wait for the arrival of Superman to formally create their team. This then changes to a timeline (Post-Crisis/New Earth) where Superman was not a founding member and did not arrive until 1956. Curious about

5040-467: The Ragnarök cycle, allowing the team to return to Earth. In 1992, the JSA was given an ongoing monthly series titled Justice Society of America , written by Len Strazewski with art by Mike Parobeck , featuring the original team adjusting to life after returning from Ragnarök. Though Justice Society of America was intended as an ongoing series, and was popular with readers, the decision was made to cancel

5145-673: The Red Tomato. Ma was later joined by a pair of sidekicks known as the Cyclone Kids , consisting of her daughter Amelia "Sisty" Hunkel and neighbor Mortimer "Dinky" Jibbet (brother of boy cartoonist Scribbly , the star of the comic book feature in which the Red Tornado debuted). Ma Hunkel returned in JSA #55 (February 2004). This story reveals that Ma had been in the Witness Protection Program since 1950. Senior JSA members Green Lantern,

5250-436: The Red Tornado was sharing billing with Scribbly, and in #24, Ma's two kids joined the fight against crime, calling themselves "the Cyclone Twins". The kids scared criminals more than the Tornado herself. The series continued for three more years as "Scribbly & the Red Tornado". Ron Goulart writes: "Anticipating Wonder Woman , that monumental creation of William Moulton Marston , possibly even influencing it, Mayer chose

5355-479: The Speed Force. Johnny admits he threw away the magic pen containing Thunderbolt. In The Flash Rebirth series, the interaction between Pre- New 52 Wally West and New 52 Wally West triggers a disturbance in the Speed Force, which causes Barry to have a strange vision. In the vision, Barry sees Johnny Quick's Speed formula and Jay Garrick's Flash helmet. Johnny Thunder is seen again during the Button crossover, where he

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5460-587: The Starman legacies to his sons, resulting in the creation of one of the new series following Zero Hour , James Robinson 's Starman . The JSA remained inactive for some time after the events of " Zero Hour ", but the surviving members of the Flash, Wildcat , and Alan Scott (now going by the name Sentinel) have remained active throughout the DC Universe, having been placed as reserve JLI members, as evidenced in Justice League Europe #50. The Justice Society

5565-456: The Ultra-Man , and followed in 1940 with Green Lantern and the Atom . The superhero trend was so powerful that in the Scribbly story in issue #20 (Nov 1940), Ma Hunkel became a superhero herself. In the story, Scribbly's little brother Dinky and Ma Hunkel's daughter Sisty are kidnapped, and the police are unable to locate them. Scribbly tells Ma about the Green Lantern, and she's inspired to don

5670-426: The World's Oddest Profession , comics historian Craig Yoe described Scribbly as "the greatest out-of-the-inkwell cartoonist of all". The book reprints six pages of Scribbly comics. In DC Comics satire children's comic book, DC Super Friends #29, he is referenced by a young Batman as a famous artist who draws his feet too small. Justice Society of America The Justice Society of America ( JSA )

5775-400: The adventures of a young man starting out in the cartooning business, and working for the Morning Dispatch newspaper. His stories were told around the Golden Age era , when American comic books were primarily anthologies telling more than one story in a magazine issue. Scribbly first appeared in the Popular Comics series, and then appeared in All-American Comics from 1939 to 1944. He

5880-405: The annual Justice League of America appearances, members of the JSA guest-starred in other titles over the next several years: the Golden Age Atom in The Atom #29 and #36, and the Golden Age Green Lantern in several issues of Green Lantern . In addition, a number of the characters appeared in team-up stories in issues of the DC titles The Brave and the Bold and Showcase , while the Spectre

5985-427: The book after the third issue's release. Twelve issues of the new series were ultimately commissioned, though publication itself ended with issue #10. Portions of the remaining two issues originally intended for #11–12, which were part of a planned crossover with Justice League Europe , were published in Justice League Europe #49–50. Strazewski, in an interview explaining the cancellation of this series, said, "It

6090-519: The collected edition), panel 1, she can be seen on a balcony looking down at Superman and McCay and wearing a far more sophisticated, armour-like costume. She appeared briefly in 1998's DC Universe Holiday Bash II special, in the story "I Left My Heart at the Justice Society Canteen", and in All-Star Comics 80-Page Giant #1 (Sept. 1999), in a story, "Way of the Amazon", in which Ma Hunkel takes valorous center stage amid Liberty Belle , Phantom Lady and Wonder Woman . She has continued to appear through

6195-558: The comic is that Scribbly is creating his own autobiographical comic: "Why Big Brothers Leave Home", about his relationship with the pesky Dinky (himself based on Mayer's little brother, Monte). In most of the Scribbly comics, "Why Big Brothers Leave Home" strip appeared as a topper strip , either at the top or the bottom of the page, drawn in cruder form to indicate that it was a cartoon-within-a-cartoon. Readers were encouraged to send in ideas for "Why Big Brothers Leave Home", collaborating with Scribbly on his autobiography. At one point in

6300-427: The curator of the JSA's museum. In All-American Comics #45 (Dec 1942), Mayer himself entered the comic strip. In "Sheldon Mayer Meets the Red Tornado", Scribbly, Ma Hunkel, the Cyclone Kids, and the neighborhood kids are complaining that their stories are boring and repetitive, so Mayer enters the comic panels to respond to their complaints. Disheartened by their criticism, Mayer tries to commit suicide by jumping from

6405-538: The death of the Golden Age Batman in Adventure Comics #461–462, and, after nearly 40 years, it finally provided the JSA with an origin story in DC Special #29. The Huntress was introduced in DC Super Stars #17 (Nov.–Dec. 1977) which told her origin, and All Star Comics #69 (Nov.–Dec. 1977), which was published the same day. The 1970s run of All Star Comics was written by Gerry Conway and Paul Levitz , and artists included Ric Estrada , Wally Wood , Keith Giffen , Joe Staton , and Bob Layton . The series

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6510-416: The entire event. After the crossover, Robinson wrote one final issue with artist Jesus Merino , which dealt with the relationship between Green Lantern and his son Obsidian . Following the Brightest Day story arc, Marc Guggenheim became the new writer with issue #44, and Scott Kolins took over art duties from Merino. During his first several issues, Guggenheim introduced a number of new characters to

6615-415: The events of Flashpoint , the DC 2011 summer event. As a result of the title's cancellation, writer Marc Guggenheim had all of the All-Stars except Power Girl and Magog rejoin the JSA in Justice Society of America #49. In the DC Universe Rebirth one-shot, Johnny Thunder is in a nursing home. He is trying to escape, but Kid Flash Wally West appears to Johnny trying to establish a link to return from

6720-450: The events of DC's Infinite Crisis crossover and the World War III event chronicled in 52 , JSA members Jay Garrick, Alan Scott, and Ted Grant decide to revive the Justice Society. On December 6, 2006, a new series was launched with the creative team of Geoff Johns (writer), Dale Eaglesham (pencils), and Alex Ross (cover art). The beginning of the new series showed JSA veterans the Flash, Green Lantern, and Wildcat choosing members of

6825-429: The existence of the original one, albeit vaguely. In September 2005, JSA ' s popularity led to a spinoff series, JSA: Classified , which tells stories of the team at various points in its existence, as well as spotlighting specific members in solo stories. The first arc, written by Geoff Johns with art by Amanda Conner , featured Power Girl's origin. The series was cancelled with issue #39 (August 2008). After

6930-419: The fire escape. She gets a warm greeting from the group, but when they invite her to take her cape off and relax, she suddenly announces that she has to leave. The Flash laughs when he discovers that she tore her pants when she climbed in through the window. Later Justice Society stories established that Ma is an honorary member of the team, and in 2007, she returned to DC in Justice Society of America vol. 3 as

7035-483: The first editor of All-American Comics . He did a run in that comic and then did about 15 issues of Scribbly's own comic". Cartoonist and satirist Jules Feiffer wrote in The Great Comic Book Heroes (1965) that "the single unique stroke in the pre Detective Comics days was the creation, by Sheldon Mayer, of the humor strip Scribbly — an underrated, often brilliantly wild cartoon about a boy cartoonist with whom, needless to say, I identified like mad. I regret that it

7140-446: The first issue (April 1939) and continuing until issue #59 (July 1944). Scribbly appeared on the All-American cover only three times, including issue #2. Scribbly worked for the Morning Dispatch newspaper, although most of the action in the strip took place in his New York neighborhood. In issue #3 of All-American Comics , Mayer introduced Ma Hunkel , the owner of a local grocery store. In another autobiographical touch, Ma Hunkel

7245-731: The importance of Superman and what would happen if time were to be changed and how it would affect him, Doctor Manhattan prevented Alan Scott from becoming Green Lantern. This in turn created the New 52 Universe, and with it, the creation of the Justice Society of America was erased. When Doctor Manhattan undoes the experiment that erased the Justice Society and the Legion of Super-Heroes, the Justice Society (consisting of Atom-Smasher, Cyclone, Damage, Doctor Fate, Doctor Mid-Nite II, Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman, Hourman II, Jade, Jakeem Thunder and Johnny Thunderbolt, Liberty Belle, Mister Terrific, Obsidian, Power Girl, Sandman II, Stargirl, S.T.R.I.P.E., Wildcat I, and Wildcat II) appears to help Superman fight

7350-419: The influence of the Spear of Destiny , which caused the JSA's most powerful members to fall under the control of its wielder, Adolf Hitler . In the 1980s, it was established that the JSA had a loose affiliation with the All-Star Squadron . The All-Star Squadron's adventures were set in the 1940s, and were considered to have happened concurrently with the Justice Society's in a " retcon ". The headquarters for

7455-422: The mid-2000s, mainly as a supporting character in Justice Society of America . In the original comics in the 1940s, Ma Hunkel is a working mother whose costume consists of longjohns and a cooking pot on her head. She adopts the identity of the Red Tornado to fight local criminals in her New York City neighborhood, inspired by her son's admiration for the superhero Green Lantern . The character's popularity

7560-461: The miniseries Convergence: World's Finest Comics . In the series, he's depicted as transcribing the events of the Seven Soldiers of Victory by Paul Levitz , Jim Fern, Joe Rubenstein and Shannon Wheeler. In an interview by Comic Book Resources , Paul Levitz explained his revival of the character: "I built this around Scribbly Jibbet, whose name you will probably not remember. I guess he's

7665-461: The name of the team from Justice Society to Justice League . In The Flash #123 (September 1961) "The Flash of Two Worlds", the Silver Age Flash meets his Golden Age counterpart, Jay Garrick who, along with the rest of the original Justice Society, is said to inhabit an alternative universe. This historic meeting thus became one of the classic DC comics of the Silver Age. Fan letters on

7770-480: The new generation of superheroes to train. Continuing a major theme from the previous JSA title, this new series focused on the team being the caretakers of the superhero legacy from one generation to the next. The crossovers between the JLA and JSA began again with "The Lightning Saga" (see below) in JLA vol. 4 #8–10 and JSA #5–6 and an epilogue in issue #7. Justice Society of America Annual #1 (September 2008) featured

7875-457: The only character in the DC Universe who preceeds [ sic ] DC. Shelly Mayer created Scribbly originally, as a boy. His Scribbly stories -- in the view of Art Spiegelman , who is very knowledgeable on such -- is arguably the first autobiographical example of a cartoonist writing about a cartoonist in America. Shelly created it at first for Dell, but then he brought it to DC when he became

7980-547: The pages as Sunday panels because, at the time, the fact that a strip had previously appeared in a newspaper was perceived as an indicator of quality". Scribbly strips also appeared in Dell's The Funnies later in 1936. Andrew J. Kunka describes the way that the strip began: "In the earliest Dell-published strips, Mayer's series begins with Scribbly as a kid known in his neighborhood for drawing cartoons on any surface he can find, including walls and fences (something Mayer did in his youth, as well). These drawings are discovered by

8085-471: The pages of following issues were wildly enthusiastic about the revival of the original Flash, both from older fans who remembered the old JSA tales, and younger fans eager to learn more about these new heroes. Further meetings occurred in The Flash #129 "Double Danger on Earth" (June 1962), and The Flash #137 "Vengeance of the Immortal Villain" (June 1963). The Flash #129 contains the first mention of

8190-574: The rampaging metahumans. Afterwards, the Justice Society investigates the Department of Metahuman Affairs which led to the arrest of those involved. The Justice Society returns in the pages of Justice League . The League splits up to retrieve fragments on the Totality from the past and future. Flash and Green Lantern are transported to 1941 to retrieve a fragment. They arrive in December 1941 to discover that

8295-472: The red flannels, bedroom slippers, cape, and inverted stew pot could be counted on to tackle all sorts of criminals from the biggest to the smallest". In 1967, Mayer briefly revived the concept in issues of Sugar and Spike , with both kids and Little Arthur appearing at various times as "Tornado-Tot". The character reappeared in a three-page "Scribbly" story by Mayer in DC's Secret Origins #29 (Aug. 1986). She had

8400-519: The rest of the Justice Society after being pulled into the timestream , merge into a new Hawkgod being , resulting in their deaths. Doctor Fate dies of the resulting aging shortly after Zero Hour . Green Lantern is kept young because of the mystical effects of the Starheart , but loses his ring and subsequently changes his name to Sentinel. The rest of the team is now too physically old to continue fighting crime and retires. Starman retires and passes on

8505-459: The rest of the team to the Gulag to contain the prisoner revolt. Captain Marvel arrives and blasts the Gulag, freeing all the prisoners, who then attack the surrounding Justice League members. In the "World Without Young Justice" reality, Red Tornado was brought out of retirement by Impulse . She helps to distract Bedlam so that Impulse can have one of his clones restore the timeline. The Red Tornado

8610-407: The revival of the JSA in 1991. An eight-issue Justice Society of America limited series featuring a previously untold story set in the 1950s was published in 1991. In the final issues of the four-issue Armageddon: Inferno limited series, the JSA returns to the modern-day DC Universe when Waverider transported the "daemen" of the interdimensional Abraxis to Asgard as a substitute for the JSA in

8715-421: The series solo after Goyer's departure. The series featured the art of Stephen Sadowski , Leonard Kirk , and Don Kramer , among others. It featured a story by Pulitzer Prize winner Michael Chabon . During the events of Infinite Crisis , some of the surviving Golden Age characters, such as Wildcat and the Flash, are transported to the new "Earth-Two," as created by Alexander Luthor Jr. , and seem to recall

8820-611: The strip, "Why Big Brothers Leave Home" becomes so popular that Scribbly's principal creates his own autobiographical strip, "Scene in P.S. 83 as Seen by the Principal". A teacher in the school is unhappy with the way that she's portrayed in the principal's strip, and starts a cartoon of her own. In 1938, Gaines struck out on his own, founding All-American Publications . Mayer remained at the company as cartoonist and editor, and Scribbly appeared in All American Comics , beginning with

8925-449: The team appears in the Earth 2 Vol 1 (2012-2015), Earth 2 World's End (2014-2015), and Earth 2: Society (2015-2017). The Justice Society of America first appeared in All Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940–1941) written by Gardner Fox and edited by Sheldon Mayer during the Golden Age of Comic Books . The team initially included: Doctor Fate , Hour-Man (as his name was then spelled),

9030-552: The team was active again. The headquarters used in the 2000s was a brownstone in Morningside Heights . Having successfully introduced new versions of several characters (the Flash, Green Lantern, etc.) during the late 1950s, DC tapped industry veteran, and former Justice Society writer, Gardner Fox to create a new version of the Justice Society. Editor Julius Schwartz , influenced by the popularity of Major League Baseball's National League and American League, decided to change

9135-505: The team's disappearance, and the inactivity of most of its roster after the early 1950s, was first given in Adventure Comics #466 ("The Defeat of the Justice Society!", December 1979) by writer Paul Levitz , which explained that most of the Society chose to disband and retire rather than appear in front of the Joint Un-American Activities Committee, which demanded that they unmask themselves. The chairmanship of

9240-497: The team's first meeting, with a framing sequence for each member telling a story of an individual exploit. In the next issue, the team worked together on a common case, but each story from there on still featured the members individually on a mission involving part of the case, and then banding together in the end to wrap things up. An in-house rule explicitly laid out on the last page of All Star Comics #5, reprinted on page 206 of All Star Comics Archives Vol. 1, required that whenever

9345-575: The team, such as Blue Devil and Manhunter . In issue #49, he expanded the JSA's roster by bringing back all of the JSA All-Stars except for Magog , who had been killed in Justice League: Generation Lost , and Power Girl, who had unofficially departed from the JSA during the same maxi-series, as well as the original Liberty Belle . In addition, Guggenheim introduced a new character named Red Beetle (a gadget-wielding heroine clad in

9450-399: The title Young Justice . They band together with other Golden Age sidekicks out of concern for the safety of younger superheroes. Ma's wind-controlling granddaughter, Maxine Hunkel , joins the JSA in Justice Society of America Vol. 3 #1 (February 2007). In Justice Society of America Vol. 3 #3 (March 2007), Maxine adopts the alias " Cyclone ". Ma still has some fighting ability, using

9555-595: The top panel, but the Red Tornado rushes to catch him before he hits the bottom panel. Outside of usually appearing in All-American Comics , Scribbly also appeared occasionally in Comic Cavalcade and also in the humor series, Buzzy . By issue #59 (July 1944), Mayer had grown tired of the characters, and openly admitted it in the introduction to that issue's story: "This goes on every issue — sometimes it's funny — sometimes it isn't — anyhow — I'm getting

9660-432: The year DC Comics absorbed All-American Publications. Ron Goulart writes: "Anticipating Wonder Woman , that monumental creation of William Moulton Marston , possibly even influencing it, Mayer chose a woman to be his costumed avenger, remaking the formidable Ma Hunkel into the even more formidable Red Tornado. Actually the people in the strip never knew the true sex of the Tornado. They only knew that this bulky figure in

9765-445: Was a capricious decision made personally by Mike Carlin because he didn't like Mike's artwork or my writing and believed that senior citizen super-heroes was not what DC should be publishing. He made his opinion clear to me several times after the cancellation." Justice Society of America included the first appearance of Jesse Quick , the daughter of All-Star Squadron members Liberty Belle and Johnny Quick , who would go on to be

9870-452: Was a sign to end the team and move on. Maxine convinced him such an attitude was nonsensical and the Society was more than just a headquarters. In Dark Nights: Death Metal , Ma Hunkel is revealed to have died some time prior before Batman resurrects her with a Black Lantern ring. Furthermore, her name is the password to access the Valhalla superhero cemetery. In her prime, Ma Hunkel was

9975-452: Was established as existing on " Earth-Two " and the Justice League on " Earth-One ", different versions of Earth in different universes . This allowed for annual cross-dimensional team-ups of the teams between 1963 and 1985. New series, such as All-Star Squadron , Infinity, Inc. , and a new All-Star Comics, featured the JSA, their children, and their heirs and explored the issues of aging, generational differences, and contrasts between

10080-416: Was given a solo run in the latter which led to his own series. Some JSA members during this period, residing on "Earth-Two", were portrayed as middle-aged versions of their younger, contemporary "Earth-One" counterparts; the "Earth-Two" characters' portrayal as older than their counterparts eased incorporation of the existing fictional history of the Justice Society of America into newly written stories about

10185-469: Was given his own bimonthly title, Scribbly , which ran for 15 issues, starting in September 1948. Mayer continued to write and draw the title, which is a romantic comedy about Scribbly trying to find a steady job and win the affection of his girlfriend Red Ringley, who was a famous cartoonist and coworker. The Red Tornado didn't appear in this reboot of the strip. Scribbly' s sales were unimpressive, and Mayer

10290-621: Was initially popular, but after superhero comics waned in the late 1940s, the JSA's adventures ceased with issue #57 of the title (March 1951). During the Silver Age of Comic Books , DC Comics reinvented several Justice Society members and brought many of them together in a new team, the Justice League of America . Other JSA members remained absent from comics for ten years until Jay Garrick appeared alongside Barry Allen , his Silver Age counterpart, in The Flash #123 (September 1961). The Justice Society

10395-440: Was inspired by the owner of a boarding house where Mayer lived, Mrs. Lindenbaum. Scribbly was also established as the brother of Mortimer "Dinky" Jibbet of the Cyclone Kids . With the skyrocketing popularity of the Superman comic in 1938, comic book publishers began featuring their own superhero characters. All-American Comics responded in 1939 with Gary Concord, the Ultra-Man , and followed in 1940 with Green Lantern and

10500-598: Was more interested in his new comic, Leave It to Binky , so the Scribbly comic was dropped in January 1952. Scribbly did appear as a backup feature in Leave it to Binky , as well as Buzzy , another DC teen comic. A last appearance of Scribbly in Sugar and Spike #30 reveals that he finally married his redhead girlfriend Red Ringley and had a son together. In 2015, Scribbly was briefly revived in DC Comics continuity by Paul Levitz , in

10605-408: Was nineteen. Mayer later explained: "Scribbly was a thing I dreamed up during my lunch hour one day in the cafeteria... I followed the old rule of writing only what you know about. What was more natural than writing about the adventures of a boy cartoonist?" In 1936, Mayer worked for Max Gaines , one of the pioneers of modern comic books, and the teenager's job was to cut and paste comic strips from

10710-446: Was noteworthy for depicting the heroes as having aged into their 50s. The artwork gave them graying hair and lined faces. It was highly unusual, then or now, for a comic book to have heroes this old. Most comic books obscure the timelines or periodically relaunch the series to keep the characters youthful. This depiction was a consequence of the fact that the heroes were closely linked to the era of World War II. This became problematic in

10815-417: Was revived as a monthly series called JSA in 1999 which mixed the few remaining original members with younger counterparts. This incarnation of the team focused on the theme of generational legacy and of carrying on the heroic example established by their predecessors. The series was launched by James Robinson and David S. Goyer . Goyer later co-wrote the series with Geoff Johns , who continued to write

10920-421: Was such that she was given a cameo in the first adventure of the Justice Society of America , visiting the JSA's headquarters but being forced by a humorous mishap, her pants splitting, to leave without having the chance to apply for membership. Later Justice Society stories have declared Ma to be an honorary member of the team. Due to her bright red costume and rotund build, she is sometimes jokingly referred to as

11025-504: Was then revived in his own series, Scribbly , from 1948 to 1952. All-American was one of the two companies that merged to form DC Comics in the 1940s, and, like all of DC's Golden Age characters, Scribbly was later considered part of the " Earth-Two " continuity. In 2015, Scribbly was briefly revived in DC Comics continuity by Paul Levitz , in the miniseries Convergence: World's Finest Comics . Sheldon Mayer began his career in cartooning at age fifteen, and he created Scribbly when he

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