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86-790: Lowell Line service runs on the New Hampshire Main Line, originally built as the Boston and Lowell Railroad in 1835. It was leased by the Boston and Maine Railroad in 1887. Local service operated between Boston and Concord, New Hampshire , with most trains using the Woburn Loop . The final Concord service ended in 1967 during the transition to Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority subsidization, leaving Lowell–Boston and Woburn–Boston service. Concord service briefly resumed in 1980–81; Woburn service ended in 1981. The Boston and Lowell Railroad started freight operations in 1835, with traffic from

172-510: A balloon loop , limiting the locations for short turns. Rail services such as rapid transit and commuter rail have similar limits with short turn locations: they need crossovers , loops, or other special tracks when they short turn. Short turns are used on bus routes and rail lines where there is a lower demand for service along the part of the route not served by the short-turning trips. This helps in reducing operating costs. While more economical, these short turns do not necessarily reduce

258-466: A timetable , but they may also be unscheduled. Public transport operators use short turns for a variety of reasons, including delays, infrastructure limitations, and uneven passenger demand. Short turn services often require additional infrastructure to turn vehicles around in the middle of a route. Short turn bus services may not require any infrastructure, using streets to turn around. In comparison, short turn tram or streetcar services may have to use

344-447: A day. Proponents of the extension see expanded rail services as a link to Boston’s growing economy while opponents consider the project to be extraneous and expensive. In December 2020, a $ 5.5 million contract was awarded to AECOM for preliminary engineering and design work, environmental and public engagement services, and final design, for the project to extend MBTA commuter rail service to southern New Hampshire. The project called for

430-480: A high-capacity tunnel through the city centre of Paris and a number of branches in the suburbs . To handle overcrowding in the city centre, the RER operates many short turn services. The complex system of short turn services is communicated with a system of six-character "mission codes," which indicate a train's destination and stopping pattern. When RER services are changed for disruptions, maintenance works, or special events,

516-523: A loop and a turntable at different points in its history. The Zoo/Stadion turntable operated from 1974 until 2002, when it was shut down due to its regular oil leaks. Following the closure of the Zoo/Stadion turntable, all services operate along the full 13.3 km (8.3 mi) line from Oberbarmen to Vohwinkel . Line 3 of Chongqing Rail Transit , the world's busiest monorail line, is equipped for short turns at multiple locations. This infrastructure

602-537: A potential $ 4.1 million grant into its planning. The MBTA acquired trackage rights from Pan Am in May 2011 as part of a larger transaction. The project was estimated to cost $ 246 million in a 2014 NHDOT report. Extending service to NH was projected to provide an expected 34 trains a day to Nashua and 16 a day to Manchester, connecting commuters from Nashua to Boston as low as 54 minutes and commuters from Manchester to Boston in as low as 1 hour and 25 minutes with 3,120 passengers

688-646: A quick 13 month return, but the program grant was cut by the Reagan administration in 1981, and commuter rail service has remained not available. In October 2010, the New Hampshire Department of Transportation received a $ 2.24 million federal grant to study an extension of the Lowell Line to Concord. In January 2011, a bill was introduced into the New Hampshire legislature to end the proposed extension and give up

774-408: A railroad because the politicians had to agree; the issue would become partisan. This also meant that the legislature would not let the investors build the line unless they could show it was completely necessary. The investors were successful because they convinced the legislature that the canal was inherently incapable of providing what they needed: reliable, year-round freight transport. Investors in

860-800: A unique challenge for trolleybuses , electric buses that draw power from an overhead line . Conventional trolleybuses must be connected to the overhead lines at all times, and short turn services can only be operated where overhead lines are installed. Some more advanced trolleybuses are equipped with batteries or engines for limited operation away from their overhead lines, which allows for short turns at more locations. Battery technology continues to improve, and increasing numbers of trolleybuses are equipped to operate "off-wire," enabling flexibility for short turns and other service changes. In 1983, battery-equipped trolleybuses were capable of traveling 3.2 km (2 mi) off-wire; in comparison, by 2023, trolleybuses are routinely equipped with batteries that will power

946-517: A useful tool for managers of transport services, but must be used in combination with other methods to properly manage delays and bunching. However, unscheduled short turns are inconvenient for passengers on the vehicle being short-turned, who must disembark before their destination. Passengers and the media are often critical of unscheduled short turns, as seen in Toronto, where a review of Toronto Transit Commission bus and streetcar services found that

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1032-462: Is a rarity for monorail systems, due to the size, complexity, and cost of switches . The main line of Line 3 is 53.1 km (30 mi) long with 39 stations, 8 of which are equipped to turn trains around. This infrastructure enables the operation of multiple short turn service patterns on Line 3. The operations of Line 3 were studied in a 2021 paper by scholars from Southwest Jiaotong University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University , who proposed

1118-493: Is awaiting approval by the NH government. North of Wilmington, the line is authorized for a maximum of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h). South of Wilmington, the line has an unusual asymmetrical speed limit. The northbound track supports up to 70 miles per hour (110 km/h) where curvature allows, while the southbound track has a maximum of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h). Additional speed restrictions are in place at Wilmington, through

1204-540: Is seen with some F trains , which short turn at Kings Highway instead of running their full route to the line's southern terminus of Coney Island . Short turn services are operated on some commuter rail and regional rail systems. A particularly complex example of short turn commuter rail services is seen on the Réseau Express Régional (RER) in the Paris Region of France , whose five lines each feature

1290-742: Is the New York City Subway , which uses short turn services in multiple locations across the system. Some short turn services are operated due to passenger demand, such as 5 trains on weekends, which originate at their normal northern terminal of Eastchester and terminate at Bowling Green . Short-turn 5 trains continue south from Bowling Green and turn around in the inner track of the Old South Ferry loop , which has been closed to passengers since 1977. Short turn services are also operated during peak times, as some terminal stations cannot turn around enough trains to operate full rush-hour service. This

1376-569: The Boston and Maine Railroad ), but were always sources of annoyance to both riders and operators. The proposed route was accepted by the Board of Directors of the Boston and Lowell Railroad, and work began on the building phase. The road was begun from both ends at once, and some sources say that they both started on the right hand side of the right-of-way, missing in the middle and having to put in an embarrassing reverse curve to tide them over until they built

1462-614: The Essex Railroad at Peabody , along which it used trackage rights to Salem . The line was opened in 1850 and operated by the Lowell and Lawrence until 1858, when the B&;L leased it along with the Lowell and Lawrence. The Wilmington Branch, now known as the Wildcat Branch , was built just west of the original Boston and Maine Railroad alignment to connect the main line at Wilmington to

1548-491: The Green Line Extension , which opened on December 12, 2022, runs along the Lowell Line through Somerville and part of Medford. There are five Green Line stations on the branch, but no additional commuter rail stops were added. MBTA Commuter Rail service connecting Concord , Manchester and Nashua from the Lowell Line used to exist in New Hampshire until subsidies were ceased in 1967. The service came back in 1980 for

1634-718: The Manchester and Keene Railroad (Southern) and Peterborough and Hillsborough Railroad (Northern) met. In 1889 the BC&;M merged with the Concord Railroad to form the Concord and Montreal Railroad , taking it out of B&M control until 1895, when the B&M leased the C&;M. The White Mountains Railroad was chartered in 1848 and opened a line from Woodsville to Littleton, New Hampshire , in 1853. Along with extensions and branches, it

1720-619: The Mystic River waterfront on the north side of Charlestown. The Woburn Branch Railroad (aka the Woburn Loop ) opened in 1844, connecting Woburn to the main line towards Boston. The Horn Pond Branch Railroad was a short freight-only branch off the Woburn Branch to ice houses on Horn Pond. The northern loop, built in 1885, continued the line back north to the main line at North Woburn Jct. in South Wilmington. The Horn Pond branch line

1806-725: The Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad in 1875 as their Vermont Division. The line was finished in 1877, and in 1880 it was reorganized as the St. Johnsbury and Lake Champlain Railroad , which was taken over by the B&L as their Vermont Division. The line did not stay in the B&M system, and the easternmost part was leased to the Maine Central Railroad in 1912. The White Mountains and Vermont Divisions were connected at Scott's Mills, New Hampshire . The Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Railroad

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1892-480: The Stony Brook Branch and the old main line north of Lowell. At Lowell, it shifts to the B&M's original Lowell Branch to get to the B&M main line towards Maine. Short turn In public transport , a short turn , short working or turn-back is a service on a bus route or rail line that do not operate along the full length of the route. Short turn trips are often scheduled and published in

1978-646: The Toronto streetcar system , short turn services require a loop of track, either via city streets or as an off-street balloon loop . In Toronto, short turn streetcars are common, both scheduled and unscheduled. Short turn services on the tram system in Melbourne , the world's largest, are officially known as "short workings," but are sometimes nicknamed "ghost trams" due to their confusing nature. From 1970 to 2012, short workings were identified by different numbers than their full routes, often using numbers that were unrelated to

2064-517: The A1 branch to Saint-Germain-en-Laye , which requires trains to short turn at Le Vésinet–Le Pecq , indicated by the mission code "XOUD." The Wuppertal Schwebebahn , a suspended monorail line in Wuppertal , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany , was formerly capable of operating short turn services. Kluse station featured a turning loop that was destroyed during World War II, and Zoo/Stadion station has featured

2150-466: The B&L Northern Division in 1884, when the B&L leased the BC&M. The Northern Railroad was also chartered in 1844, opening in 1847 from Concord to Lebanon, New Hampshire , and later extending to White River Junction, Vermont . The B&L leased it in 1884 as another part of its Northern Division. The only connection between the Southern and Northern divisions was at Hancock Junction , where

2236-629: The B&L and N&L agreed to operate as one company from 1860, and in 1880 the B&L leased the N&;L. The Stony Brook Railroad was chartered in 1845 and opened in 1848, connecting the Nashua and Lowell at North Chelmsford with Ayer . The N&L leased the Stony Brook in 1848. The Wilton Railroad was chartered in 1844. It opened a line from Nashua west to Danforth's Corner in 1848, to Milford in 1850 and to East Wilton in 1851. Since completion it

2322-407: The B&L were copies of the successful Planet class 2-2-0 built locally in Lowell. Another railroad was chartered in the early 1840s whose fortunes would be closely tied to those of the Boston and Lowell. This was the Boston and Maine Railroad . This railroad ran down from Portland, Maine , through a bit of southern New Hampshire , to Haverhill in northeastern Massachusetts, connected to

2408-545: The B&L's Lexington and Arlington Branch at North Cambridge Junction , and the company was reorganized as the Central Massachusetts Railroad in 1883. The B&L leased the line in 1886, a year before the B&M leased the B&L. The Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad was chartered in 1844, and opened in stages from 1848 to 1853, eventually running from Concord to Woodsville, New Hampshire . That railroad, along with its branches, became part of

2494-583: The B&L. An extension west to the Nashua, Acton and Boston Railroad at Middlesex Junction was built in 1879. The Billerica and Bedford Railroad was built in 1877 as a narrow gauge line between the Middlesex Central at Bedford and the B&L at North Billerica . It was sold and abandoned in 1878, and the rails were taken to Maine for the Sandy River Railroad . A new standard gauge branch

2580-416: The B&M before it lost the opportunity. The B&M tried to deal with this in court, and got the judge to forbid the B&L from raising rates until the case was done, but by the time they were close to an agreement, the bypass was complete. With B&M business gone, the B&L realized how much they had been relying upon their renters. Additionally, the Lowell mills began to decline somewhat and there

2666-418: The B&M in court but failed because the monopoly granted in its charter was only good for traffic between Boston and Lowell. The shortcut, part of today's Haverhill/Reading Line , was started in 1844 and was in use by 1848. While the B&M was building it, they were still running their trains to Boston on the B&L. This made for a lot of conflict, with the B&L trying to squeeze every last penny out of

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2752-484: The Boston and Lowell Railroad received a charter on June 5, 1830, with no provision for reparations to the Middlesex Canal's investors. It was a favorable charter because in addition to the right to build and operate a railroad between Lowell and Boston, it gave a thirty-year monopoly on the right to have a railroad there. The people along the road and in terminal-end cities bought large amounts of stock , financing half

2838-410: The Boston and Lowell Railroad was large from the start (as was expected) with Lowell's textile companies bringing in raw materials and sending out finished goods. The high level of passenger traffic, however, was not anticipated. Trains traveled on unwelded rails which were laid on a granite roadbed, which made for an extremely bumpy ride. The railroad switched to wooden ties. The Boston and Lowell

2924-416: The Boston and Lowell Railroad, especially with the line still over granite, provided the extra impetus to double track and upgrade. In 1838, the B&L began two years of extensive track improvements, first laying a second track on wood, and with that one built, going back and re-laying the old track on the more forgiving wood as well. Boston and Lowell traffic continued to increase, and even with double tracks

3010-517: The Boston and Lowell in Wilmington , and then used Boston and Lowell track to Boston. This route was conceptualized in 1834, but took a long time to be built, mostly because, unlike the Boston and Lowell, it did not have a secure base of funding like the Lowell textile companies. It took two years to get to Andover , another year to get to Haverhill, three more to get to Exeter, New Hampshire , and did not get to Portland until 1852. This extra traffic on

3096-467: The COVID-19 pandemic were in effect from March 16 to June 23, 2020, and from December 14, 2020, to April 5, 2021. On January 23, 2021, reduced schedules went into place with no weekend service on seven lines, including the Lowell Line. Weekend service on the seven lines resumed on July 3, 2021. As of February 2022, the line has 21 + 1 ⁄ 2 round trips on weekdays and nine on weekends. By October 2022,

3182-514: The Fitchburg from 1847 to 1859. The line was reorganized as the Lexington and Arlington Railroad in 1868, following the renaming of Arlington. The B&L bought the line in 1870 and built a new connection to their main line at Somerville Junction . The Middlesex Central Railroad was chartered in 1872 and opened in 1873, extending the line from Lexington to Concord . It was leased from completion to

3268-567: The Lowell Line. From September 9 to November 5, 2023, all outer Haverhill Line service was routed over the Wildcat Branch during signal work on the inner part of the Haverhill Line. The diverted trains stopped only at Anderson/Woburn. From May 20 to September 29, 2024, weekday midday inbound Haverhill Line trains were temporarily routed over the Wildcat Branch during construction work, again stopping only at Anderson/Woburn. The Medford Branch of

3354-659: The Lowell line, along with the Haverhill and all other commuter operations in the Greater Boston area. Along with the sale, the B&M contracted to run the passenger service on the Lowell line for the MBTA. After bankruptcy, the B&M continued to run and fulfill its commuter rail contract under the protection of the Federal Bankruptcy Court , in the hopes that a reorganization could make it profitable again. It emerged from

3440-424: The Lowell mills to the Boston port. Demand for the express passenger service exceeded expectations, and in 1842 local service was added as well. The line north of Lowell was first owned by the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad, which was chartered in 1844. Trackage was completed as far as Wells River, Vermont , in 1853. The Boston & Maine Railroad (B&M) acquired the railroad in 1895. The line served as

3526-517: The Salem and Lowell at Wilmington Junction, providing a shorter route between Boston and Lawrence. The Lexington and West Cambridge Railroad was chartered in 1845 and opened in 1846, connecting the Fitchburg Railroad at West Cambridge to Lexington , although the "West Cambridge" in the name referred to what is now the town of Arlington . It was operated by the Fitchburg from opening, and leased to

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3612-579: The TTC short-turned over 333,000 trips between January 2012 and September 2014. An early English-language description of short turn services is in A New English Dictionary On Historical Principles , in its definition of "short running." The dictionary quotes an 1855 document describing stagecoach services in Cornwall , which were successful at that time: "The people patronized the vans to such an extent that short-running coaches were few." Short turn services pose

3698-603: The United States. It was one of the first railroads in North America and the first major one in the state. The line later operated as part of the Boston and Maine Railroad 's Southern Division. The Boston and Lowell Railroad was preceded by the Middlesex Canal . Converting the canal to a railroad would eliminate the issue of transportation being unavailable during the winter, when the canal froze. Patrick Tracy Jackson led

3784-739: The Vermont Division, and the Passumpsic Division. Additionally, it leased the Central Massachusetts Railroad in 1886. The main part of the Southern Division was the mainline between Boston and Lowell . The Charlestown Branch Railroad was not itself taken over by the B&L, but as originally built in 1840 it was a short spur from the B&L to wharves in Charlestown . In 1845 the Fitchburg Railroad leased it and incorporated it into their main line. The Mystic River Branch served

3870-479: The bus for distances of over 16 mi (25 km). Battery-electric buses can operate short turn services with minimal infrastructure. Battery-electric buses must be recharged periodically, and many operators of battery-electric buses place chargers at terminals, which may not be served by short turn services. This issue was studied in a 2024 paper by scholars from Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications and Beijing Jiaotong University , who highlighted that

3956-476: The company went bankrupt, and it was operated by the Connecticut River Railroad until 1882, when it was bought half-and-half by the B&L and the Concord Railroad . The Massachusetts Central Railroad was chartered in 1869 to build a line east–west across the middle of the state, between the Boston and Albany Railroad and the Fitchburg Railroad . The first section opened in 1881, splitting from

4042-556: The company. The Board of Directors of the Boston and Lowell Railroad, armed with a charter, now had the task of surveying and building the line. They brought in James Fowle Baldwin , son of Col. Loammi Baldwin , who had engineered the Middlesex Canal, to do the surveying, and charged him with finding a gently sloped path from Lowell to Boston, with few grade crossings and well away from town centers. This latter point ended up being quite inconvenient later on. No one had any idea of

4128-402: The contract expired, they let the job go to Amtrak . From 1986 until 2003, Amtrak managed the entirety of Boston's commuter rail. It did decently, though at times had strained relations with the MBTA. Quibbles centered on equipment failures, numbers of conductors per train, and who took responsibility when trains are late. Because of these bad relations and Amtrak's repeated announcements that

4214-647: The contract was unreasonable, few people were surprised at Amtrak's decision not to bid again for the commuter rail contract when it came up for renewal in 2003. When the MBTA asked for new bids on the commuter rail operation contract, Amtrak did not bid, but Guilford and the Massachusetts Bay Commuter Railroad Company did. The MBCR ended up getting the contract and began operating the commuter rail in July 2004. Guilford's main line between Mattawamkeag, Maine , and Mechanicville, New York , now uses

4300-438: The court's protection when newly formed Guilford Transportation Industries (GTI) bought it in 1983. When GTI bought the B&M, commuter rail service was in jeopardy. The MBTA had owned the trains and the tracks since 1973, but it had outsourced the operation to the B&M. When GTI bought the B&M in 1983, it had to honor the B&M contract, but GTI management was very much against passenger rail, and, in 1986, as soon as

4386-493: The designated freight clearance route into Boston from the north; all stations with high-level platforms must either have mini-high platforms or a freight passing track. Pan Am Railways runs freight on the line, including local freights based out of Lawrence Yard and DOBO (a Dover to Boston through freight). Boston and Lowell Railroad The Boston and Lowell Railroad was a railroad that operated in Massachusetts in

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4472-551: The extension of the Lowell Line up through Nashua and Manchester along an existing rail alignment. The proposed expansion would include four new stops: South Nashua, Crown Street in Nashua, Bedford , and Manchester. In January of 2022, the Manchester Board of Mayor and Aldermen approved the location for new facilities to house layover trains adjacent to the Manchester Transit Authority facilities. By autumn 2022,

4558-452: The fixed routes of the railroads. The decline in both passenger and freight traffic occurred at a point when the B&M, like most other railroads, had just switched over to diesel locomotives , meaning that they had large debts. The pressure from the debts and the large infrastructure costs associated with operating a disparate passenger and freight network amongst declining traffic forced the B&M to cut costs. The most noticeable effect to

4644-408: The future possibility of railroads acting as public transportation, or if they did they were not paid any attention by the builders or financiers of the road. The right-of-way that Baldwin surveyed did well in each of these characteristics. The path sloped up at a gentle ten feet per mile at the maximum, and there were only three grade crossings over the entire 26-mile (42 km) distance. The path

4730-453: The general public was the reductions in passenger operation. In the late 1950s, the B&M began to eliminate routes and substituted Multi-Unit diesel-powered passenger cars on many of its routes. The effort did not succeed, as the B&M was bankrupt by 1976. As its fortunes declined, the B&M shed its passenger operation in 1973 by selling the assets to the MBTA . The new state agency bought

4816-510: The grade crossings in West Medford, and in the North Station terminal area. Amtrak 's Downeaster service to Maine, along with some Haverhill Line express trains, run on the Lowell Line from North Station to Wilmington, then follow the Wildcat Branch to the Haverhill Line. This routing is used to avoid the inner Haverhill Line, which has a number of single-track sections. The line is

4902-419: The ground if the rails did not have strong support. The first track was completed in 1835, and freight service began immediately. On May 27, 1835, it made its maiden trip to Boston, with Patrick Tracy Jackson , George Washington Whistler , and James Baldwin aboard. The solid granite roadbed proved to be much too rigid, jolting the engine and cars nearly to pieces. Repairs on the locomotives (there were two at

4988-509: The high costs of deadheading buses to and from chargers can outweigh the otherwise large benefits of operating short turn services. Bus rapid transit services operate on dedicated infrastructure, away from public roads. This means that to operate short turn services, turnaround points must be provided. On some bus rapid transit services, such as the Metrobüs in Istanbul , short turn services are

5074-556: The line had 6,485 daily riders – 59% of pre-COVID ridership. In June 2022, the MBTA indicated it was considering improvements to a siding in Woburn, which would allow 30-minute headways between Boston and Anderson/Woburn by 2024. Until December 2020, a small number of Haverhill Line trains ran via the Wildcat Branch and the inner Lowell Line, making stops between Anderson/Woburn and West Medford. Some Haverhill Line trains resumed using this routing on April 5, 2021, but no longer make stops on

5160-411: The line on January 1, 1887, three months before the B&M acquired the B&L. Over the next 70 years or so, things were reasonably stable and constant for the Lowell Line as a part of the B&M's Southern Division. Passenger train round trips per day hovered in the low 20s, and while freight from Lowell itself did not last too long, the Lowell line got some traffic from railroads that connected from

5246-403: The mainline to the east. Boston–Lowell local service was halved to seven daily round trips; Tyngsboro, Bleachery, and South Wilmington stations were closed. B&M passenger service to Boston on the line was shortened from Concord, New Hampshire, to Lowell in 1967. In 1973, the MBTA bought the Lowell line, along with the Haverhill and all other local Greater Boston passenger lines. Along with

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5332-513: The majority of services. Full-length services over the whole 52-kilometre (32 mi) line do operate, but short turn services provide an essential part of the Metrobüs service. Metrobüs is one of the busiest bus rapid transit services in the world, with buses arriving as often as every 15 seconds. Streetcars (trams) require on-street or off-street infrastructure to operate short turn services. On streetcar systems that operate single-ended cars, such as

5418-407: The mission codes are updated to indicate trains' new destinations. For example, the pictured RER A train displays a mission code beginning with "DROP." The first character, D, indicates that it is destined for Noisy-le-Grand – Mont d'Est , one of two designated short turn termini on the line's A4 branch to Marne-la-Vallée–Chessy . The pictured information display shows planned maintenance work on

5504-449: The number of buses needed to operate the full amount of service along the route. An alternative to this are services that split up into multiple branches. This provides a frequent service on the main route while the individual branches are served less frequently. Short turns can aid in reducing overcrowding of buses. By scheduling uneven intervals between full-length and short turn trips, this may lead to accommodation of more riders on

5590-596: The original. For example, route 31 was a short working of route 48 , and short workings of route 1 were variously signed as routes 2, 2A, 4, and 21. After the system was privatized in 1999, many short workings were no longer published in timetables, leading to further confusion. A reorganization of tram routes in 2012 introduced a new nomenclature for short workings, which uses the suffix "d" to indicate trams terminating at their depot, and "a" to indicate other short workings. Some rapid transit (subway or metro) systems rely heavily on short turn services. An example of this

5676-465: The other side. Yankee and Irish laborers were hired to construct the railroad, which was made especially difficult and because the Directors wanted to make the road using the best techniques then known. This, for them, meant laying imported British iron rails with a 4-foot-deep (1.2 m) wall of granite under each rail. They did this because it was commonly believed that the train would sink into

5762-737: The route for Boston to Montreal service during the Golden Age of Rail (roughly 1880 to 1940). The Ambassador , the train from Boston's North Station to Montreal, ran through Concord, New Hampshire , along this line until 1966. This line, along with the New Englander , via Concord, White River Junction , Montpelier , ran through the northwestern section of Vermont prior to entering Quebec , Canada. The Alouette and Red Wing trains travelled to Montreal via Concord, Plymouth, Wells River and Newport in northeastern Vermont prior to entering Quebec. (The route via Wells River, St. Johnsbury and Newport

5848-577: The sale, the B&M contracted to run the passenger service on the Lowell line for the MBTA. After bankruptcy, the B&M continued to run and fulfill its commuter rail contract under the protection of the United States Bankruptcy Court , in the hopes that a reorganization could make it profitable again. It emerged from the court's protection when newly formed Guilford Transportation Industries (GTI) purchased it in 1983. For approximately thirteen months in 1980–81, daily passenger service

5934-470: The schedule became tight enough that the Boston and Maine trains, as renters, began to be pushed around to annoying hours, often having to wait over an hour in Wilmington before being allowed to proceed on to Boston. The B&M soon tired of what they perceived as selfishness and decided to build its own track to Boston from Haverhill so that it would not have to rely on the B&L. The B&L tried to fight

6020-574: The study was being carried out by AECOM and the State of New Hampshire to design and make a financial plan for the project by 2023. In December 2022, the New Hampshire Executive Council voted to cease state funding for an extension of the AECOM study; the study reported an updated project cost of $ 782 million. The MBTA rail extension project to Manchester is currently in the pre-decisional stage, and

6106-476: The task of convincing the state legislature to fund the project. This proved difficult, as the investors of the Middlesex Canal were against building a new form of transportation designed to replace their canal. Because, prior to 1872, there was no provision in Massachusetts state law for chartering railroads, all had to be chartered by special acts of legislature. This made it slow and inefficient to charter

6192-419: The time) would sometimes take most of the night, trying to get them ready for the next day's service. The much poorer Boston and Worcester Railroad could not afford a granite bed and so was built with modern wooden ties . This turned out to be far superior, so the owners of the Boston and Lowell decided they would upgrade their entire roadbed to wood when they added a second track. The original Boston terminal

6278-422: The trips coming out of the short turn layover location. Unscheduled short turns occur when services are delayed or disrupted. When bunching occurs, some of the bunched vehicles may be short-turned to provide additional service in the other direction. This practice can allow a vehicle to regain time in its schedule, and it benefits passengers waiting at stops in the opposite direction. Unscheduled short turns are

6364-576: The west. In the early 20th century, the economics of railroading began to change. With the advent of the internal combustion engine , trains slowly began to lose their advantage as a transportation option. Automobiles and trucks began to increase in popularity as highways improved, siphoning ridership and freight traffic off railroads. The advent of the Interstate Highway System tipped the economic balance by increasing mobility as factories and offices were now able to be located further away from

6450-446: Was abandoned in 1911, the northern loop in 1961, and the original line in 1982. The Stoneham Branch Railroad was built in 1862 to connect to Stoneham . The Lowell and Lawrence Railroad was chartered in 1846 to build a line between Lowell and Lawrence , which opened in 1848. In 1858 the B&L leased the line. The Salem and Lowell Railroad was chartered in 1848 as a branch from the Lowell and Lawrence at Tewksbury Junction to

6536-465: Was at the north corner of Causeway Street and Andover Street (halfway between Portland and Friend streets), at the westernmost edge of the current North Station . The bridge over the Charles River to access it was the first movable railroad bridge in the United States. [1] The original Lowell terminal was at the south corner of Merrimack Street and Dutton Street. The quantity of freight traffic on

6622-488: Was built by the B&L in 1885, mostly on the same right-of-way. The Lowell and Nashua Railroad was chartered in 1836 as an extension of the B&L from Lowell north to the New Hampshire state line. The Nashua and Lowell Railroad, chartered in 1835, would continue the line in New Hampshire to Nashua . The two companies merged in 1838 to form a new Nashua and Lowell Railroad , and the road opened later that year. In 1857

6708-420: Was close to the older Middlesex Canal path, but was straighter - as boats can turn more sharply than trains. To achieve this superior linearity, it needed small amounts of grade elevation in places. The route ignored Medford center entirely, going through West Medford instead, and totally bypassed Woburn and Billerica . This would have to be corrected later with various spurs (the one to Medford being built off

6794-436: Was faced with a new problem; it had a reputation for speed which made it very popular and highly competitive with stagecoaches. Many people wanted to go not only from Lowell to Boston but to places in between. The Boston and Lowell ordered another locomotive and cars for local passenger rail in 1842, and had them make six stops along the route. Passenger rail proved to be almost as profitable as freight. The first locomotives on

6880-515: Was leased to the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad in 1859 and consolidated into it in 1872, becoming its White Mountains Division. In 1884 the B&L leased the BC&M and the old White Mountains Railroad became the B&L's White Mountains Division. The Northern and White Mountains Divisions were connected at Woodsville. The Essex County Railroad (chartered 1864), Montpelier and St. Johnsbury Railroad (chartered 1866) and Lamoille Valley Railroad (chartered 1867) were consolidated into

6966-550: Was less freight traffic for the line to move. Over the next four decades, the B&L declined until the more successful B&M leased it on April 1, 1887. The B&L built or leased many branches to serve areas not on its original line. Immediately before its lease by the B&M in 1887, it had five divisions—the Southern Division (including the original line), the Northern Division, the White Mountains Division,

7052-641: Was operated by the N&L. The Peterborough Railroad was chartered in 1866 to continue the Wilton Railroad northwest to Greenfield, New Hampshire . In 1873 the N&L leased it; the road opened in 1874. The Manchester and Keene Railroad was chartered in 1864 and opened in 1878, continuing the Peterborough Railroad west from Greenfield to the Connecticut River Railroad in Keene . In 1880

7138-593: Was organized in 1846 and opened a line from White River Junction on the Northern Railroad to the border with Quebec , Canada , in 1867, junctioning the Northern and White Mountains Divisions at Wells River and the Vermont Division at St. Johnsbury . The Massawippi Valley Railway , leased in 1870, continued to Sherbrooke , Quebec, where it junctioned the Grand Trunk Railway among others. The B&L leased

7224-480: Was provided to Concord. Two round-trips were operated on each weekday and one on weekend days. Originally, there were intermediate stops in Manchester and Nashua. A stop in Merrimack was added later. Service was discontinued when federal funding was withdrawn. Anderson Regional Transportation Center opened on April 28, 2001, replacing Mishawum as the Lowell Line's primary park-and-ride station for Route 128. Mishawum

7310-557: Was reduced to limited reverse-peak service. On December 15, 2001, the Amtrak Downeaster began operating over the line south of Wilmington. In October 2006, the MBTA added four short turn round trips that terminated at Anderson RTC. The line was shut down on weekends in July through September 2017 for the installation of Positive Train Control equipment in order to meet a 2020 federal deadline. Substantially reduced schedules due to

7396-515: Was the more direct route of the two itineraries.) For this itinerary the Montreal route was marketed as an Air-line railroad . Massive cutbacks on May 18, 1958, included the end of Stoneham Branch service and the closure of Medford Hillside, Tufts College , and North Somerville stations. Cuts on June 14, 1959, ended service north of Woburn on the Woburn Loop; trains for points north were rerouted via

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