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82-630: Between 1966 and 1986, the Jena prefabricated satellite town of Neulobeda was built southwest of Lobeda, with around 20,000 inhabitants. To better differentiate it from Neulobeda (also a district of Jena), the old Lobeda has been calling itself Lobeda-Old Town (district of Jena) since May 25, 1998. Geographical Location Lobeda is located in the middle of the Saale valley, between partly mixed forest-covered shell limestone and colorful sandstone slopes. The settlement area extends between 150 and 220 m above sea level above

164-751: A German-ethnicity sovereign state , within what today comprises Germany, occurred in 1778 as the state flag of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz , a defunct principality in the modern state's borders. Some reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814, and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806. The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and

246-678: A minimum voting age of 21. Between 1920 and 1932, under the Weimar Republic , six Landtag elections were held. Thuringia was one of the states where the Nazi Party first gained real political power during the Weimar Republic. Wilhelm Frick was appointed Minister of the Interior in the state coalition government after the Nazi Party won six deputies to the Thuringian Landtag in

328-459: A self-dynamic downward spiral of image loss and social mixing. Even higher-level post-reunification phenomena such as increasing excess mortality, loss of population, and mass unemployment, as well as the ensuing individually experienced hopelessness, thwarted the revaluation of Neulobeda for a long time and paved the way for symptoms of decay, specifically for the loss of mutual social control , increasing crime, open extremism, and vandalism . By

410-447: A strong tendency from rural areas towards the big cities. From 2008 to 2012, there was a net migration from Thuringia to Erfurt of +6,700 persons (33 per 1000 inhabitants), +1,800 to Gera (19 per 1000), +1,400 to Jena (14 per 1000), +1,400 to Eisenach (33 per 1000) and +1,300 to Weimar (21 per 1000). Between Thuringia and the other German states, the balance is negative: In 2012, Thuringia lost 6,500 persons to other federal states,

492-522: A wide area, such as Rothenstein, which are documented much earlier in some cases. Another aspect was the establishment of a deanery Lobeda within the archdeaconate of the provostship of Naumburg, which existed alongside the other two deaneries Schkölen and Teuchern until the Reformation. However, the often-cited conclusion that the church of Lobeda was the second basilica of the Burgward Kirchberg and

574-472: Is Galicia today. Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus first mentioned the Thuringii around 400; during that period, the Thuringii were famous for their excellent horses. The Thuringian Realm existed until after 531. The Landgraviate of Thuringia was the largest state in the region, persisting between 1131 and 1247. Afterwards the state known as Thuringia ceased to exist; nevertheless the term commonly described

656-496: Is temperate with humid westerly winds predominating. Increasingly as one moves from the north-west to the south-east, the climate shows continental features: winters can be cold for long periods, and summers can become warm. Dry periods are often recorded, especially within the Thuringian Basin, leeward to mountains in all directions. It is Germany's driest area, with annual precipitation of only 400 to 500 mm. Artern , in

738-464: Is about 1.78% less. The current population is 2,120,237 (31 December 2020) with an annual rate of decrease of about 0.5%, which varies widely between the local regions. In 2012, 905,000 Thuringians lived in a municipality with more than 20,000 inhabitants, this is an urbanization rate of 42% which continues to rise. In July 2013, there were 41,000 non-Germans by citizenship living in Thuringia (1.9% of

820-546: Is forest with beech as its predominant species, as can still be found in the Hainich mountains today. In the uplands, a mixture of beech and spruce would be natural. However, most of the plains have been cleared and are in intensive agricultural use while most of the forests are planted with spruce and pine . Since 1990, Thuringia's forests have been managed aiming for a more natural and tough vegetation more resilient to climate change as well as diseases and vermin. In comparison to

902-520: Is important for the settlement of Lobeda. There are the remains of two significant fortifications from the late Bronze Age and the early Middle Ages. The latter is interpreted both as Slavic and as a Frankish facility, which allegedly lost its importance in 937 with the creation of Kirchberg Castle near Jena. Possibly the settlement of the Lobedaer Kirchberg then began and the place and the original parish of Lobeda were established. Less in question

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984-561: Is no evidence for a specific date. The origin of the name Lobeda is also unknown. Some historians try to derive it from "louba" (forest mountains, probably referring to the Wöllmisse), while others believe that the noble family of Auhausen, which called itself "von Lobdeburg" from 1166 onwards, derived the name from their former ancestral seat, the Ladenburg on the Neckar. However, this is unlikely, as

1066-466: Is now Thuringia were the Sorbs proper , who unified all tribes in what is now southern half of Eastern Germany. The Ostsiedlung movement led to the assimilation of Slavic people between the 11th and the 13th century under German rule. The population growth increased during the 18th century and stayed high until World War I , before it slowed within the 20th century and changed to a decline since 1990. Since

1148-416: Is that the original parish of Lobeda already existed in the 10th century. This is indicated by the large territory of this original parish mentioned in a papal document in 1228, which included the subsidiaries Ammerbach, Schlöben, Jägersdorf and Gleina (Schöngleina, the vanished village Gleina near today's Vorwerk Cospoth near Oßmaritz) as well as a chapel Kirchberg and the many rent-paying places scattered over

1230-447: Is the capital and largest city. Other cities include Jena , Gera and Weimar . Thuringia is bordered by Bavaria , Hesse , Lower Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt , and Saxony . It has been known as "the green heart of Germany" ( das grüne Herz Deutschlands ) from the late 19th century due to its broad, dense forest. Most of Thuringia is in the Saale drainage basin , a left-bank tributary of

1312-482: Is the largest district of the Thuringian university town Jena with over 22,000 residents. The residents are distributed over an area of 3.6 km . This results in a very high population density of 6164 inhabitants per km . The prefabricated satellite city , located about seven kilometers south of the city center, was constructed under the names Neulobeda-West and Neulobeda-East between 1966 and 1986. Both parts of

1394-747: Is via tram lines 4 and 5. With the first documentary appearance of Lobeda in the 12th/13th century, Lobeda belonged to the territory of the noble family of the Lobdeburgers, who came from southern Germany and had their first seat in Thuringia at the Lobdeburg. As a result of the Vogtland War of 1354–1357, Lobeda came into the hands of the Wettins in 1358. With the Leipzig division of the Wettin total state in 1485, Lobeda came to

1476-689: The Bratwurst and the Forest , because a large amount of the territory is forested. Named after the Thuringii Germanic tribe who occupied it around AD 300, Thuringia came under Frankish domination in the 6th century. Thuringia became a landgraviate in 1130 AD. After the extinction of the reigning Ludowingian line of counts and landgraves in 1247 and the War of the Thuringian Succession (1247–1264),

1558-572: The Elbe . Thuringia is home to the Rennsteig , Germany's best-known hiking trail . Its winter resort of Oberhof makes it a well-equipped winter sports destination – half of Germany's 136 Winter Olympic gold medals had been won by Thuringian athletes as of 2014. Thuringia was favoured by or was the birthplace of three key intellectuals and leaders in the arts: Johann Sebastian Bach , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , and Friedrich Schiller . The state has

1640-551: The Evangelical Church in Central Germany or to the Evangelical Church of Hesse Electorate-Waldeck ( Schmalkalden region). Catholic dioceses are Erfurt (most of Thuringia), Dresden-Meissen (eastern parts) and Fulda (Rhön around Geisa in the very west). Thuringia is a stronghold for the far right Alternative for Germany (AfD), the party emerged as the largest in Thuringia in the 2021 national elections . In 2017

1722-816: The German Peasants' War of 1525. In Mühlhausen and elsewhere, the Anabaptists found many adherents. Thomas Müntzer , a leader of some non-peaceful groups of this sect, was active in this city. Within the borders of modern Thuringia the Roman Catholic faith only survived in the Eichsfeld district, which was ruled by the Archbishop of Mainz , and to a small degree in Erfurt and its immediate vicinity. The modern German black-red-gold tricolour flag's first appearance anywhere in

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1804-621: The Goldene Aue , a fertile floodplain around Nordhausen with the Helme as most important river. The north-west includes the Eichsfeld , a hilly and sometimes forested region, where the Leine river emanates. The central and northern part of Thuringia is defined by the 3,000 km (1,200 sq mi) wide Thuringian Basin , a very fertile and flat area around the Unstrut river and completely surrounded by

1886-607: The Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station in the Thuringian Highlands. Thuringia is Germany's only state with no connection to navigable waterways. The geographic centre of the Federal Republic is in Thuringia, within the municipality of Vogtei next to Mühlhausen . The centre of Thuringia is eight kilometres south of the capital's Cathedral , in the municipality of Rockhausen . Thuringia's climate

1968-750: The Rhön Mountains around Geisa in the southwest. Protestant church membership is shrinking rapidly, whereas the Catholic Church is somewhat more stable because of Catholic migration from Poland, Southern Europe and West Germany. Other religions play no significant role in Thuringia. There are only a few thousand Muslims (largely migrants) and about 750 Jews (mostly migrants from Russia) living in Thuringia. Furthermore, there are some Orthodox communities of Eastern European migrants and some traditional Protestant Free churches in Thuringia without any societal influence. The Protestant parishes of Thuringia belong to

2050-643: The Soviet occupation zone in Allied-occupied Germany , and its borders were reformed, to become contiguous . Thuringia became part of the German Democratic Republic in 1949, but was dissolved in 1952 during administrative reforms , and divided into the Districts of Erfurt , Suhl and Gera . Thuringia was re-established in 1990 following German reunification , slightly re-drawn, and became one of

2132-624: The University of Jena , the Ilmenau University of Technology , the University of Erfurt , and the Bauhaus University of Weimar . The Frankish Duchy of Thuringia was established around 631 AD by King Dagobert I . The modern state was established in 1920 by the Weimar Republic through a merger of the Ernestine duchies , save for Saxe-Coburg . After World War II , Thuringia came under

2214-534: The Vogtland , a hilly but in most parts non-forested region in the south. The far eastern region (east of White Elster) is the Osterland or Altenburger Land along Pleiße river, a flat, fertile and densely settled agricultural area. There are two large rivers in Thuringia. The Saale , a tributary of the Elbe , with its tributaries the Unstrut , Ilm and White Elster, drains the most part of Thuringia. The Werra –

2296-582: The electoral threshold of 5%. The other two parties of the traffic light coalition in Berlin, Greens and the Free Democratic Party (FDP), did not pass the threshold and lost all of their seats, which contributed to the break-up of that coalition on November 6th. The Christian Democratic Union (CDU) recorded small gains and came second with 24%. The newly-founded Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance BSW debuted in third place at 16%. The AfD in Thuringia became

2378-778: The new states of the Federal Republic of Germany. The name Thuringia or Thüringen derives from the Germanic tribe Thuringii , who emerged during the Migration Period . Their origin is largely unknown. An older theory claims that they were successors of the Hermunduri , but later research rejected the idea. Other historians argue that the Thuringians were allies of the Huns , came to central Europe together with them, and lived before in what

2460-761: The " Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich " of 30 January 1934, which replaced the German federal system with a unitary state . Thuringia was the location of the Buchenwald concentration camp with multiple subcamps. After being controlled briefly by the US following the end of the Second World War , from July 1945 the state of Thuringia came under the Soviet occupation zone and was expanded to include parts of Prussian Saxony, such as

2542-588: The 2011 Census results. Since the Protestant Reformation , the most prominent Christian denomination in Thuringia has been Lutheranism . During the GDR period, church membership was discouraged and has continued shrinking since the reunification in 1990. Today over two thirds of the population is non-religious. The Protestant Church in Germany has had the largest number of members in the state, adhered to by 20.8% of

Lobeda - Misplaced Pages Continue

2624-719: The Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach became a Grand Duchy. Lobeda remained in the Grand Duchy until the dissolution of the territorial states in 1919. From 1920, Lobeda belonged to the newly formed state of Thuringia and was temporarily (1922 to 1924) incorporated into Jena. Until 1946, Lobeda belonged to the Stadtroda district, and then permanently to Jena as a suburb of Jena-Lobeda (since 1998 Lobeda-Old Town). Original Parish Evidence of early settlement comes from finds in

2706-599: The December 1929 election. In this position, he removed from the Thuringian police force anyone he suspected of being a republican and replaced them with men who were favourable towards the Nazis. He also ensured that, whenever an important position came up within Thuringia, a Nazi was given that post. Following the Nazi seizure of power in Berlin, the Landtag was formally abolished as a result of

2788-650: The Eastern Thuringian region and founded the cities of Jena and Lobeda as well as other places and the Roda Monastery. Lobeda was laid out as a planned city. The foundation of the city of Lobeda probably took place so that the Lobdeburgers could enhance their rule next to Jena with another city and settle craftsmen and servants at the foot of the Lobdeburg. 50°53′35″N 11°36′32″E  /  50.89306°N 11.60889°E  / 50.89306; 11.60889 Neulobeda Neulobeda (literally New Lobeda )

2870-632: The Ernestine Electorate of Saxony. In the division of the Ernestine state of 1572, Lobeda came to the newly formed Duchy of Saxony-Weimar (Ernestine line of the Wettins). In a state division of the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, Lobeda moved between 1672 and 1690 to the briefly existing Duchy of Saxony-Jena and then came to Saxony-Eisenach. The Saxony-Eisenach line died out in 1741, so the territory with Lobeda fell back to Saxony-Weimar (Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach). After

2952-544: The Lobeda area by 2010 and housed. The lowering was stabilized on the slope side by large natural stone blocks, a green space of about 7 hectares was created above the almost 600-meter-long housing. Thuringia Thuringia , officially the Free State of Thuringia , is one of Germany's 16 states with 2.1 million people, its 12th-largest by population, and with 16,171 square kilometers, its 11th-largest in area. Erfurt

3034-515: The Saale floodplain. The heights above Lobeda rise about 220 m above the valley floor, reaching 373 m on Johannisberg and 374 m on Spitzberg, forming the Saale-side edge of the Wöllmisse plateau. The district of the historic town of Lobeda has essentially been preserved and, in addition to the district of Lobeda-Altstadt, also covers large parts of Neulobeda. Apart from minor deviations, it is limited by

3116-763: The Saale, the Pennickenbach up to the Fürstenbrunnen, the Sommerlinde, the Lobdeburgklause (the Lobdeburg ruins belong to the Drackendorf area), the south-eastern border of the clinic, today's Mediamarkt and the Roda up to the mouth of the Saale. The settlement areas of Wöllnitz and Rutha are left out. The neighboring districts of Jena are Göschwitz, Burgau, Wöllnitz and Drackendorfand the municipality of Sulza, district of Rutha in

3198-560: The Saale-Holzland district. The deserted village of Selzdorf also belongs to the district of Lobeda. Lobeda-Altstadt is located on the BAB 4, 1700 m from exit no. 54 (Jena-Zentrum) and on the federal highway 88 . The nearest train station is Jena-Göschwitz (1300 m) with connections in the direction of Erfurt, Halle, Leipzig, Gera and Saalfeld. Lobeda old town is connected to the surrounding area by public transport with bus lines: Stadtroda-Tälerdörfer-Hermsdorf; Ilmnitz-Bobeck-Hermsdorf and Stadtroda-Neustadt/Orla and Schleiz. Local transport to Jena

3280-461: The Steinchen field (eastern part of the former castle park) from 1928, which were assigned to the late Bronze Age (around 1000 BC). In 1936, graves from the 3rd to 4th century were uncovered in the Arpersche gravel pit, and in 1965, graves of the corded ware culture (around 2500 BC) were cut into during the development of Neulobeda. These finds show that Lobeda and its surroundings were at least temporarily settled early on. Furthermore, Johannisberg

3362-446: The Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation ; the Kingdom of Prussia also acquired some Thuringian territory and administered it within the Province of Saxony . The Thuringian duchies which became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany were Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach , Saxe-Meiningen , Saxe-Altenburg , Saxe-Coburg-Gotha , Schwarzburg-Sondershausen , Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and

Lobeda - Misplaced Pages Continue

3444-423: The adjacent Angerstraßen and were ready for occupancy from December 1967. The development initially took place via a temporary construction exit from Stadtrodaer Straße. In the spring of 1968, there was a first temporary sales point in food retail, as well as a post office and a doctor's office. In 1970 a first department store was opened. Not until around 1970 were the traffic conditions comprehensively improved, when

3526-410: The area east of Saale and Loquitz valley, is marked by a hilly landscape, rising slowly from the flat north to the mountainous south. The Saale in the west and the White Elster in the east are the two big rivers running from south to north and forming densely settled valleys in this area. Between them lies the flat and forested Holzland in the north, the flat and fertile Orlasenke in the middle and

3608-549: The area into a number of smaller states, according to the Saxon tradition of dividing inheritance amongst male heirs. These were the " Saxon duchies ", consisting, among others, of the states of Saxe-Weimar , Saxe-Eisenach , Saxe-Jena , Saxe-Meiningen , Saxe-Altenburg , Saxe-Coburg , and Saxe-Gotha . Thuringia generally accepted the Protestant Reformation , and Roman Catholicism was suppressed as early as 1520; priests who remained loyal to it were driven away and churches and monasteries were largely destroyed, especially during

3690-403: The areas around Erfurt , Mühlhausen , and Nordhausen . Erfurt became the new capital of Thuringia. Ostheim , an exclave of Landkreis Eisenach, was ceded to Bavaria. In 1952, the German Democratic Republic dissolved its states, and created districts ( Bezirke ) instead. The three districts that shared the former territory of Thuringia were Erfurt, Gera and Suhl . Altenburg Kreis

3772-400: The associated city Lobeda (in a document of Otto II from 976: in Chirihberg basilicas duas cum villa) is not verifiable. The name Lobeda first appeared with the mention of "Adalbert of Lovethe" in 1156 in a document of Albrecht the Bear. He was a vassal of the Count of Weimar-Orlamünde, which clearly shows that the Lobeda field was not exclusively in one hand. Also significant is the mention of

3854-415: The balance was negative with Switzerland (−2,800) and Austria (−900). Of the approximately 850 municipalities of Thuringia, 126 are classed as towns (within a district) or cities (forming their own urban district). Most of the towns are small with a population of less than 10,000; only the ten biggest ones have a population greater than 30,000. The first towns emerged during the 12th century, whereas

3936-408: The beginning of Urbanisation around 1840, the Thuringian cities have higher growth rates resp. smaller rates of decline than rural areas (many villages lost half of their population since 1950, whereas the biggest cities ( Erfurt and Jena ) kept growing). The 1981 census projected that Thuringia's population would reach 2,221,222 by 2011. The population counted in the 2011 census was 2,181,603, which

4018-415: The birth ratio. Furthermore, the population is getting older and older with some rural municipalities recording more than 30% of over-65s (pensioners). This is a problem for the regional labour market, as there are twice as many people leaving as entering the job market annually. The birth rate was about 1.8 children per women in the 1970s and 1980s, shrinking to 0.8 in 1994 during the economic crisis after

4100-421: The city would then also be called Lobdeburg and the suburban settlement before 1166 would have had a different name. The noble family of Auhausen first appeared in the Lobeda region in 1133 in a document. From 1166 this family called themselves Lords of Lobdeburg. This period also saw the construction of the Lobdeburg as a castle and residence, which is documented for 1186. The Lobdeburgers acted as colonizers in

4182-426: The college towns Erfurt , Jena , Weimar and Ilmenau have the highest rates, whereas there are almost no migrants living in the most rural smaller municipalities. The Thuringian population has a significant sex ratio gap, caused by the emigration of young women, especially in rural areas. Overall, there are 115 to 120 men per 100 women in the 25–40 age group ("family founders") which has negative consequences for

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4264-573: The economy has seen an upturn and the general economic situation has improved. Agriculture and forestry have declined in importance over the decades. Nevertheless, they are more important than in most other areas of Germany, especially within rural regions. 54% of Thuringia's territory is in agricultural use. The fertile basins such as the large Thuringian Basin or the smaller Goldene Aue , Orlasenke and Osterland are in intensive use for growing cereals, vegetables, fruits and energy crops. Important products are apples, strawberries, cherries and plums in

4346-403: The employees of the Carl-Zeiss combine. The aim was to create rental apartments with district heating and comfort for about 40,000 people. Mainly young families with children moved into the new development area. Neulobeda was created in several stages from west to east: The first finished residential buildings were in Neulobeda-West along today's Stauffenbergstraße (then Otto-Grotewohl-Straße) and

4428-421: The first far-right party in Germany since World War II to win a state election. Thuringia is divided into 17 districts ( Landkreise ): Furthermore, there are five urban districts: Thuringia's economy is marked by the economic transition that happened after the German reunification and led to the closure of most of the factories within the Land. The unemployment rate reached a peak in 2005. Since that year,

4510-404: The first sections of Karl-Marx-Allee were completed. From 1971, residential areas were built to the east of Stadtrodaer Straße up to approximately Ebereschenstraße, then Heinrich-Rau-Straße. The first apartments in Neulobeda-East were occupied in May 1972. In August 1975, the road bridge over Stadtrodaer Straße was completed, so that Karl-Marx-Allee has since been continuously drivable. Now Neulobeda

4592-406: The following hill chains (clockwise from the north-west): Dün , Hainleite , Windleite , Kyffhäuser , Hohe Schrecke , Schmücke , Finne , Ettersberg , Steigerwald , Thuringian Forest , Hörselberge and Hainich . Within the Basin the smaller hill chains Fahner Höhe and Heilinger Höhen . South of the Thuringian Basin is the state's largest mountain range, marked by the Thuringian Forest in

4674-440: The forest, agriculture is still quite conventional and dominated by large structures and monocultures. Problems here are caused especially by increasingly prolonged dry periods during the summer months. Environmental damage in Thuringia has been reduced to a large extent after 1990. The condition of forests, rivers and air was improved by modernizing factories, houses (decline of coal heating) and cars, and contaminated areas such as

4756-407: The forested mountains, are protected as natural reserves, including Thuringia's first national park within the Hainich mountains, founded in 1997, the Rhön Biosphere Reserve , the Thuringian Forest Nature Park and the South Harz Nature Park . During the Middle Ages, Thuringia was at the border between Germanic and Slavic territories, marked by the Saale river. The main Slavic tribe in what

4838-410: The former Uranium surface mines around Ronneburg have been remediated. Today's environmental problems are the salination of the Werra river, caused by discharges of K+S salt mines around Unterbreizbach and overfertilisation in agriculture, damaging the soil and small rivers. Environment and nature protection has been of growing importance and attention since 1990. Large areas, especially within

4920-414: The headwater of the Weser – drains the south-west and west of the state. Furthermore, some small areas on the southern border are drained by tributaries of the Main , itself a tributary of the Rhine . There are no large natural lakes in Thuringia, but it does have some of Germany's biggest dams, including the Bleiloch Dam and the Hohenwarte Dam on the River Saale, as well as the Leibis-Lichte Dam and

5002-417: The highway, was only established after 1990. As a result of the political turnaround in the GDR in 1989, social classes also formed in Jena, whose representatives can be relatively well assigned on the basis of their material wealth. This changed the demands of the so-called middle class on their living environment (from modern panel apartment to own home with garden) and the residential area went through

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5084-568: The largest party with 33% of the vote (and 36% of the seats), its best ever performance and the first time it placed first in a state election in Germany. The incumbent governing coalition suffered dramatic losses; the Left had split up, with new Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW) becoming the more popular part, while the remaining Left lost more than half of its support and fell to fourth place on 13%. The 130+ year old SPD, which since late 2021 rules Germany under Chancellor Olaf Scholz, recorded its worst result in any postwar state election, barely passing

5166-417: The latest ones received town status only in the 20th century. Today, all municipalities within districts are equal in law, whether they are towns or villages. Independent cities (i.e. urban districts) have greater powers (the same as any district) than towns within a district. * Average annual change in percent within the last three years (13 December 2009 to 31 December 2012), adjusted from incorporations and

5248-443: The lion of the Ludowingian Landgraves of 12th-century origin. The eight stars around it represent the eight former states which formed Thuringia. The flag of Thuringia is a white-red bicolor, derived from the white and red stripes of the Ludowingian lion. The coat of arms and flag of Hesse are quite similar to the Thuringian ones, since they are also derived from the Ludowingian symbols. Symbols of Thuringia in popular culture are

5330-476: The mid-1990s, Neulobeda was on its way to becoming a Social Hotspot, even though the commercial infrastructure improved during these years. In 1998, the districts Lobeda-West and Lobeda-East were merged into the village of Neulobeda, with which the previously only colloquial term was officially used for the first time. The residents elected the Local Council and Local Mayor on November 27, 1998. This office has since been held by Volker Blumentritt ( SPD ). Under

5412-460: The most to Bavaria , Saxony , Hesse and Berlin . Only with Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg the balance is positive. The international migration is fluctuating heavily. In 2009, the balance was +700, in 2010 +1,800, in 2011 +2,700 and in 2012 +4,800. The most important countries of origin of the Thuringia migrants from 2008 to 2012 were Poland (+1,700), Romania (+1,200), Afghanistan (+1,100) and Serbia / Montenegro / Kosovo (+1,000), whereas

5494-404: The names Lobeda-West and Lobeda-East, the Jena city administration leads both villages as statistical districts, but still separates the panel buildings in the Drackendorf/Lobeda-East district from Lobeda-East. To improve the living situation in the district, numerous apartments and areas were modernized from the federal-state program The Social City. The adjacent Federal Highway 4 was lowered in

5576-413: The new building project Neulobeda could be completed around 1988. The Karl-Marx-Allee was designed so that a tram could be installed on its own track bed at a later date, but this did not happen during the GDR times. Therefore, the establishment of numerous efficient bus lines was necessary, connecting Neulobeda with Winzerla and the city center. The current commercial area Lobeda-Süd, which is located beyond

5658-425: The north-east, is warm and dry, with a mean annual temperature of 8.5 °C and mean precipitation of 450 mm; contrast this with wet, cool Oberhof , in the Thuringian Forest, where temperature averages only 4.4 °C and mean annual precipitation reaches 1300 mm. Due to many centuries of intensive settlement, most of the area is shaped by human influence. The original natural vegetation of Thuringia

5740-400: The north-west, the Thuringian Highland in the middle and the Franconian Forest in the south-east. Most of this range is forested and the Großer Beerberg (983 m) is Thuringia's highest mountain. To the south-west, the Forest is followed up by Werra river valley, dividing it from the Rhön Mountains in the west and the Grabfeld plain in the south. Eastern Thuringia, commonly described as

5822-414: The party got 22.7%, while in 2021 they got 24.0%. Thuringia is notable for being the first and only state in Germany where the communist party that ruled former East Germany until 1989, The Left (Die Linke), and the new Alternative for Germany (AfD) have seen their first-ever first place finish in a state election. Die Linke in 2019 , and the AfD in 2024 . The Alternative for Germany (AfD) became

5904-503: The population in 2018. Members of the Catholic Church formed 7.6% of the population, while 71.6% of Thuringians were non-religious or adhere to other faiths. The highest Protestant concentrations are in the small villages of southern and western Thuringia, whereas the bigger cities are even more non-religious (up to 88% in Gera ). Catholic regions are Eichsfeld in the northwest and parts of

5986-560: The population − among the smallest proportions of any state in Germany). Nevertheless, the number rose from 33,000 in July 2011, an increase of 24% in only two years. About 4% of the population are migrants (including persons that already received German citizenship). The biggest groups of foreigners by citizenship are (as of 2012): Russians (3,100), Poles (3,000), Turks (2,100) and Ukrainians (2,000). The number of foreigners varies between regions:

6068-479: The priest "Hugo of Lobeda" from 1213 in numerous documents. In 1284, Lobeda was first mentioned as a city: "... Otto and Hartmann , the lords of Lodeburg, ... that we have given a farm, located at the very end of the alley of the city of Lobeda, which leads towards Pennicke on the upper way, ... to the nunnery in Butitz as their own, ..." This phrasing suggests that Lobeda had become a city well before 1284. However, there

6150-883: The region between the Harz mountains in the north, the White Elster river in the east, the Franconian Forest in the south and the Werra river in the west. After the Treaty of Leipzig , Thuringia had its own dynasty again, the Ernestine Wettins . Their various lands formed the Free State of Thuringia, founded in 1920, together with some other small principalities. The Prussian territories around Erfurt , Mühlhausen and Nordhausen joined Thuringia in 1945. The coat of arms of Thuringia shows

6232-471: The reunification and rose again to more than 1.4 children in 2010, which is a higher level than in West Germany. Nevertheless, there are only 17,000 births compared to 27,000 deaths per year, so that the annual natural change of the Thuringian population is about −0.45%. In 2015 there were 17,934 births, the highest number since 1990. Migration plays an important role in Thuringia. The internal migration shows

6314-410: The so-called new development area border directly on the farmland of the eponymous district Lobeda-Old Town . The boundary between Lobeda-West and Lobeda-East, as the common terms are, is formed by Stadtrodaer Straße, laid out in 1968 and only named after 1989. The first groundbreaking for the development took place on November 20, 1964. The new town district was mainly built between 1966 and 1986 for

6396-640: The two principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line . In 1920, after World War I , these small states merged into one state, called the Free State of Thuringia ( Freistaat Thüringen ); only Saxe-Coburg voted to join Bavaria instead. Weimar became the new capital. The coat of arms of this new state was simpler than those of its predecessors. The Landtag of the newly established state first convened in 1920 in Weimar. Its deputies were elected for three years according to proportional representation , with

6478-477: The western half became independent under the name of " Hesse ", never to become a part of Thuringia again. Most of the remaining Thuringia came under the rule of the Wettin dynasty of the nearby Margraviate of Meissen , the nucleus of the later Electorate and Kingdom of Saxony . With the division of the house of Wettin in 1485, Thuringia went to the senior Ernestine branch of the family, which subsequently subdivided

6560-477: Was integrated in its current form with the "Spider" as a powerful road intersection into Stadtrodaer Straße. The last section to be completed in the early 1980s was the eastern settlement area, which extends beyond the city limits into the municipality of Drackendorf. In 1982, the first apartments on Salvador-Allende-Platz could be occupied. Subsequently, the last new buildings in Lobeda-East were completed, with which

6642-507: Was integrated in its present form with the "Spider" as a powerful road intersection into Stadtrodaer Straße. The last section was the eastern settlement area in the early 1980s, which extends beyond the city limits into the territory of the Drackendorf community. The apartments on Salvador-Allende-Platz were the first to be occupied in 1982. In the subsequent period, the last new buildings in Lobeda-East were completed, so that Karl-Marx-Allee has been continuously passable since then. Now Neulobeda

6724-403: Was part of Leipzig Bezirk. The present State of Thuringia was recreated with slightly altered borders during German reunification in 1990. From the northwest going clockwise; Thuringia borders on the German states of Lower Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt , Saxony , Bavaria and Hesse . The landscapes of Thuringia are quite diverse. The far north is occupied by the Harz mountains, followed by

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