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59-463: Several of their songs have garnered online popularity, and they have been credited with spawning various internet memes. In addition to their music videos, they have created music for the video games In Sound Mind , Beat Saber , and have created the video game AudioClash: Battle of the Bands . Music publication NME has referred to them as "the internet's biggest gaming band". The Living Tombstone

118-455: A different standard than those of male politicians, and for speaking about her in crudely sexual terms. She was criticised for systemic misogyny, because earlier in the day her Labour Party had passed legislation cutting $ 728 million in welfare benefits to single mothers. Gillard's usage of the word "misogyny" promoted re-evaluations of the word's published definitions. The Macquarie Dictionary revised its definition in 2012 to better match

177-465: A disease ; a dislike of something that is good. It is this issue of conflicted or alternating emotions that was philosophically contentious to the ancient writers. Ricardo Salles suggests that the general stoic view was that "[a] man may not only alternate between philogyny and misogyny, philanthropy and misanthropy, but be prompted to each by the other." In the Routledge philosophy guidebook to Plato and

236-581: A disease —an anti-social condition—in that it ran contrary to their perceptions of the value of women as wives and of the family as the foundation of society. These points are widely noted in the secondary literature. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the word entered English because of an anonymous proto-feminist play, Swetnam the Woman-Hater , published in 1620 in England. The play

295-419: A group of musician characters to compete against rival bands. The game was released on Steam in early access in late 2021. The group also contributed a DLC track to the 2019 rhythm game Beat Saber , as well as some music for the 2010 Half-Life 2 Mod Nightmare House 2 and the soundtrack for its upcoming remake Nightmare House: Reimagined releasing in 2025. In Sound Mind In Sound Mind

354-527: A hatred of women, such as is displayed in the Woman-hater of Atilius; or the hatred of the whole human species, as Timon is reported to have done, whom they call the Misanthrope. Of the same kind is inhospitality. And all these diseases proceed from a certain dread of such things as they hate and avoid. In summary, despite considering women as generally inferior to men, Greek literature considered misogyny to be

413-548: A lost play of Euripides in which the merits of a dutiful wife are praised. According to Tieleman other surviving use of the Ancient Greek word is by Chrysippus , in a fragment from On affections , quoted by Galen in Hippocrates on Affections . Here, misogyny is the first in a short list of three "disaffections"—women ( misogunia ), wine ( misoinia , μισοινία) and humanity ( misanthrōpia , μισανθρωπία). Chrysippus' point

472-803: A lower social status than men , thus maintaining the social roles of patriarchy . Misogyny has been widely practised for thousands of years. It is reflected in art , literature , human societal structure, historical events, mythology , philosophy , and religion worldwide. An example of misogyny is violence against women , which includes domestic violence and, in its most extreme forms, misogynist terrorism and femicide . Misogyny also often operates through sexual harassment , coercion, and psychological techniques aimed at controlling women, and by legally or socially excluding women from full citizenship. In some cases, misogyny rewards women for accepting an inferior status. Misogyny can be understood both as an attitude held by individuals, primarily by men, and as

531-449: A manner perpetuating patriarchal arrangements. According to sociologist Allan G. Johnson , "misogyny is a cultural attitude of hatred for females because they are female". Johnson argues that: Misogyny .... is a central part of sexist prejudice and ideology and, as such, is an important basis for the oppression of females in male-dominated societies. Misogyny is manifested in many different ways, from jokes to pornography to violence to

590-471: A moral tract known as On Marriage ( c . 150 BC) by the stoic philosopher Antipater of Tarsus . Antipater argues that marriage is the foundation of the state, and considers it to be based on divine ( polytheistic ) decree. He uses misogunia to describe the sort of writing the tragedian Euripides eschews, stating that he "reject[s] the hatred of women in his writing" (ἀποθέμενος τὴν ἐν τῷ γράφειν μισογυνίαν). He then offers an example of this, quoting from

649-431: A pattern in which the wife is to emulate the church's submission to Christ and the husband is to emulate Christ's love for the church." In Christian Men Who Hate Women , clinical psychologist Margaret J. Rinck has written that Christian social culture often allows a misogynist "misuse of the biblical ideal of submission". However, she argues that this a distortion of the "healthy relationship of mutual submission" which

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708-439: A peaceful, autonomous existence as a companion to the gods before the creation of women. When Prometheus decides to steal the secret of fire from the gods, Zeus becomes infuriated and decides to punish humankind with an "evil thing for their delight". This "evil thing" is Pandora , the first woman, who carried a jar (usually described—incorrectly—as a box) which she was told to never open. Epimetheus (the brother of Prometheus)

767-524: A remix of Andrew Gold 's 1996 song "Spooky, Scary Skeletons," which garnered over 90 million views on YouTube. The remix was also listed by The Daily Dot as one of the most popular songs of 2019 on TikTok, and as one of the best Halloween songs by USA Today . The group's music has been labeled as electronic rock , alternative rock and pop rock , with influences from EDM and Middle Eastern folk music . Landau has also stated that genres such as complextro , dubstep and drum 'n bass has inspired

826-579: A speech in the Australian Parliament , the Macquarie Dictionary (which documents Australian English and New Zealand English ) expanded its definition to include not only hatred of women but also "entrenched prejudices against women". Social psychology research describes overt misogyny as "blatant hostile sexism" that raises resistance in women, as opposed to "manifestations of benevolent sexism" or chivalry that lead women to behave in

885-505: A widespread cultural custom or system. Sometimes misogyny manifests in obvious and bold ways; other times it is more subtle or disguised in ways that provide plausible deniability. In feminist thought, misogyny also includes the rejection of feminine qualities. It holds in contempt institutions, work, hobbies, or habits associated with women. It rejects any aspects of men that are seen as feminine or unmanly. Racism and other prejudices may reinforce and overlap with misogyny. According to

944-495: Is a 2021 psychological horror game developed by We Create Stuff and published by Modus Games . Players control Desmond Wales, a psychiatrist who can enter alternate dimensions when listening to tape recordings of his clients. Each of Wales' clients has their own unique level based on their fears and psychoses. There, players fight monsters and solve puzzles. The ultimate goal is to solve Wales' own amnesia. The developer, Israel -based studio We Create Stuff, previously made

1003-479: Is a criticism of anti-woman writer Joseph Swetnam , who it represents with the pseudonym Misogynos. The character of Misogynos is the origin of the term misogynist in English. The term was fairly rare until the mid-1970s. The publication of feminist Andrea Dworkin 's 1974 critique Woman Hating popularised the idea. The term misogyny entered the lexicon of second-wave feminism . Dworkin and her contemporaries used

1062-723: Is actually specified in Christian doctrine, where "[l]ove is based on a deep, mutual respect as the guiding principle behind all decisions, actions, and plans". Similarly, Catholic scholar Christopher West argues that "male domination violates God's plan and is the specific result of sin". The fourth chapter (or sura ) of the Quran is called "Women" ( an-nisa ). The 34th verse is a key verse in feminist criticism of Islam . The verse notes men's God-given advantages over women. They are consequently their protectors and maintainers. Where women are disobedient "admonish them, and leave them alone in

1121-500: Is misogynistic, and she lists what she says are specific examples of misogyny in the Pauline epistles . She states: The foundations of early Christian misogyny—its guilt about sex, its insistence on female subjection, its dread of female seduction—are all in St. Paul's epistles. In K. K. Ruthven's Feminist Literary Studies: An Introduction , Ruthven makes reference to Rogers' book and argues that

1180-403: Is more abstract than Antipater's, and Galen quotes the passage as an example of an opinion contrary to his own. What is clear, however, is that he groups hatred of women with hatred of humanity generally, and even hatred of wine. "It was the prevailing medical opinion of his day that wine strengthens body and soul alike." So Chrysippus, like his fellow stoic Antipater, views misogyny negatively, as

1239-432: Is not widely used. Words derived from the word misogyny and denoting connected concepts include misogynoir , the intersection of anti-black racism and misogyny faced by Black women; transmisogyny , the intersection of misogyny and transphobia faced by trans women and transfeminine people; and transmisogynoir, the confluence of these faced by black trans women and transfeminine people. Misogyny likely arose at

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1298-572: Is only a distinction between optimists and pessimists, if not between idealists and realists... As we begin to realise, the term "Buddhism" does not designate a monolithic entity, but covers a number of doctrines, ideologies, and practices--some of which seem to invite, tolerate, and even cultivate "otherness" on their margins. Differences in tradition and interpretations of scripture have caused sects of Christianity to differ in their beliefs with regard to their treatment of women. In The Troublesome Helpmate , Katharine M. Rogers argues that Christianity

1357-442: Is overwhelmed by her beauty, disregards Prometheus' warnings about her, and marries her. Pandora cannot resist peeking into the jar, and by opening it she unleashes into the world all evil; labour , sickness , old age , and death . In his book The Power of Denial: Buddhism, Purity, and Gender , professor Bernard Faure of Columbia University argued generally that "Buddhism is paradoxically neither as sexist nor as egalitarian as

1416-493: Is used as the title of Heracles in the history of Phocion . It was the title of a play by Menander , which we know of from book seven (concerning Alexandria ) of Strabo 's 17 volume Geography , and quotations of Menander by Clement of Alexandria and Stobaeus that relate to marriage. A Greek play with a similar name, Misogunos (Μισόγυνος) or Woman-hater , is reported by Marcus Tullius Cicero (in Latin) and attributed to

1475-412: Is usually thought." He remarked, "Many feminist scholars have emphasised the misogynistic (or at least androcentric) nature of Buddhism" and stated that Buddhism morally exalts its male monks while the mothers and wives of the monks also have important roles. Additionally, he wrote: While some scholars see Buddhism as part of a movement of emancipation, others see it as a source of oppression. Perhaps this

1534-572: The Half-Life 2 mod " Nightmare House 2 ". Modus Games released it for Windows, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X/S on September 28, 2021. It was ported to Switch on October 11, 2022. The electronic rock band and YouTube channel The Living Tombstone created the soundtrack for the game. On Metacritic , In Sound Mind received positive reviews on Windows and Xbox Series X/S, but the PlayStation 5 version received mixed reviews. PC Gamer said it

1593-760: The Oxford English Dictionary the English word "misogyny" was coined in the middle of the 17th century from the Greek misos 'hatred' + gunē 'woman'. The word was rarely used until it was popularised by second-wave feminism in the 1970s. English and American dictionaries define misogyny as "hatred of women" and as "hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women". The American Merriam-Webster Dictionary distinguishes misogyny, "a hatred of women", from sexism , which denotes sex-based discrimination, and "behavior, conditions, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on sex." In 2012, primarily in response to

1652-491: The COVID-19 pandemic. Their second studio album, Rust , initially being announced for a 2024 release, is expected to release in early 2025. The Living Tombstone has also contributed music for video games. In 2021, the band created the soundtrack for the indie horror game In Sound Mind from Israeli game studio We Create Stuff. Their contributions to the soundtrack were praised alongside the game, with several outlets noting that

1711-510: The United States where he met vocalist Sam Haft. Haft had previously been involved with other musical projects in the past, such as the comedic music group Sam & Bill. Landau and Haft sent each other their songs before eventually collaborating on music, with Haft becoming an official member of The Living Tombstone. The pair wrote songs such as a remix of Super Mario Odyssey 's "Jump Up Superstar" in which Haft contributed backing vocals, and

1770-540: The status quo and punishes those who reject women's subordinate status. Manne distinguishes sexism , which she says seeks to rationalise and justify patriarchy , from misogyny, which she calls the "law enforcement" branch of patriarchy: [S]exist ideology will tend to discriminate between men and women, typically by alleging sex differences beyond what is known or could be known, and sometimes counter to our best current scientific evidence. Misogyny will typically differentiate between good women and bad ones, and punishes

1829-633: The "legacy of Christian misogyny was consolidated by the so-called 'Fathers' of the Church, like Tertullian , who thought a woman was not only 'the gateway of the devil' but also 'a temple built over a sewer'." Several Christian institutions exclude women. For example, women are excluded from the Mount Athos region of Greece and from the governing hierarchy of the Catholic Church . Some Christian theologians, such as John Knox in his book The First Blast of

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1888-644: The Quran. The economic and social position of men and women was reflected in blood money to the family of a victim. The financial loss for a woman was pegged at half that of a man. Scholars William M. Reynolds and Julie A. Webber have written that Guru Nanak , the founder of the Sikh faith tradition, was a "fighter for women's rights" that was "in no way misogynistic" in contrast to some of his contemporaries. However, unconscious misogynistic attitudes in Sikh men have steadily reduced

1947-628: The Republic , Nickolas Pappas describes the "problem of misogyny" and states: In the Apology , Socrates calls those who plead for their lives in court "no better than women" (35b)... The Timaeus warns men that if they live immorally they will be reincarnated as women (42b-c; cf. 75d-e). The Republic contains a number of comments in the same spirit (387e, 395d-e, 398e, 431b-c, 469d), evidence of nothing so much as of contempt toward women. Even Socrates' words for his bold new proposal about marriage... suggest that

2006-526: The Romans, Greeks, and the tribes of the Amazon Basin and Melanesia , who did not follow a monotheistic religion. Nearly every human culture contains evidence of misogyny. Anthropologist David D. Gilmore argues that misogyny is rooted in men's conflicting feelings: men's existential dependence on women for procreation , and men's fear of women's power over them in their times of male weakness, contrasted against

2065-564: The Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women , have written that women should be excluded from secular government institutions for religious reasons. However, some other scholars have argued that Christianity does not include misogynistic principles, or at least that a proper interpretation of Christianity would not include misogynistic principles. David M. Scholer, a biblical scholar at Fuller Theological Seminary , stated that

2124-403: The band to develop a cult following amongst the game's fandom . Rolling Stone credited the band with launching a subgenre of Five Nights at Freddy's themed music inspired by hyper-pop . The first song was later used for the 2023 film adaptation in the credits. Shortly before the film's release, the band released a gothic remix of the first song. After the film's release, the song reached

2183-410: The band's musical style. The band has been regarded as an audiovisual project. Their music and aesthetics have been compared to Gorillaz and Daft Punk , along with Lindsey Stirling 's videos. The group has one studio album, Zero One , released on September 4, 2020. In anticipation for the album, a CG-based music video for their song "Chosen" was released, created by the studio The-Artery during

2242-527: The deep-seated needs of men for the love, care and comfort of women—a need that makes the men feel vulnerable. Angela Saini notes that a large proportion of women in ancient societies were kidnapped brides from other cultures. Such a woman was often forced to marry a man who had killed her family. Misogynistic suspicion in ancient Greece and elsewhere is to some degree explained by male anxiety that women would some day revolt against their captors. Saini argues that patriarchy and gender stereotyping emerged at

2301-463: The group's first video game-related videos was a trilogy of songs for the first three games in the Five Nights at Freddy's series. The trilogy went viral on YouTube with each song accumulating hundreds of millions of views; the first video in the series reached over 68 million views by 2016. Houston Press listed the trilogy as one of the best songs based on the horror game. The trilogy's success led

2360-470: The latter. […] Sexism wears a lab coat; misogyny goes on witch hunts . Misogynous and misogynistic can both be used as an adjectival form of the word. The noun misogynist can be used for a woman-hating person. The counterpart of misogyny is misandry , the hatred or dislike of men. Misandry is a minor issue, not equivalent to the widespread practice and extensive history of misogyny. The antonym of misogyny, philogyny —love or fondness toward women—

2419-563: The original track "My Ordinary Life" which was cited by LA Weekly as their most popular song. Both Landau and Haft worked on the worldbuilding for The Living Tombstone, including the characters, story, and lore surrounding the group's music and videos. The attention their music received online caused Warner Music to notice the band, and the record label signed The Living Tombstone. The Living Tombstone's content consists of both original music and homages to various video games and pop culture media, several of which became popular online. One of

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2478-480: The poet Marcus Atilius . Cicero reports that Greek philosophers considered misogyny to be caused by gynophobia , a fear of women. It is the same with other diseases; as the desire of glory, a passion for women, to which the Greeks give the name of philogyneia : and thus all other diseases and sicknesses are generated. But those feelings which are the contrary of these are supposed to have fear for their foundation, as

2537-467: The poignant and reserved compositions added to the dark atmosphere of the game. The same year, The Living Tombstone collaborated with game studio Big Boat Interactive to create the music-based strategy game AudioClash: Battle of the Bands . Described as an amalgam of various rhythm games, the role-playing games Pokémon and Dota and the Scott Pilgrim comics, the gameplay consists of assembling

2596-532: The power of women in Sikhism, such that the Sikh community has been observed to contain toxic masculinity . Numerous influential Western philosophers have expressed ideas that have been characterised as misogynistic, including Aristotle , René Descartes , Thomas Hobbes , John Locke , David Hume , Jean-Jacques Rousseau , G. W. F. Hegel , Arthur Schopenhauer , Friedrich Nietzsche , Sigmund Freud , Otto Weininger , Oswald Spengler , and John Lucas . Because of

2655-530: The same time as patriarchy : three to five thousand years ago at the start of the Bronze Age . The three main monotheistic religions of Judaism , Christianity and Islam promoted patriarchal societal structures, and used misogyny to keep women at a lower status. Misogyny gained strength in the Middle Ages , especially in Christian societies. In parallel to these, misogyny was also practised in societies such as

2714-473: The same time as the state . In his book City of Sokrates: An Introduction to Classical Athens , J.W. Roberts argues that older than tragedy and comedy was a misogynistic tradition in Greek literature, reaching back at least as far as Hesiod . He claims that the term misogyny itself comes directly into English from the Ancient Greek word misogunia ( μισογυνία ), which survives in several passages. The earlier, longer, and more complete passage comes from

2773-840: The self-contempt women may be taught to feel toward their own bodies. Sociologist Michael Flood at the University of Wollongong defines misogyny as the hatred of women, and notes: Though most common in men, misogyny also exists in and is practiced by women against other women or even themselves. Misogyny functions as an ideology or belief system that has accompanied patriarchal, or male-dominated societies for thousands of years and continues to place women in subordinate positions with limited access to power and decision making. […] Aristotle contended that women exist as natural deformities or imperfect males […] Ever since, women in Western cultures have internalised their role as societal scapegoats, influenced in

2832-509: The sleeping-places and beat them; then if they obey you, do not seek a way against them..." In his book No god but God , University of Southern California , Professor Reza Aslan wrote that "misogynistic interpretation" has been persistently attached to An-Nisa, 34 because commentary on the Quran "has been the exclusive domain of Muslim men". In his book Popular Islam and Misogyny: A Case Study of Bangladesh , Taj Hashmi discusses misogyny in relation to Muslim culture, writing: [T]hanks to

2891-498: The song alongside mocking women who play video games in general . Other songs of theirs that have become viral include their remix of various My Little Pony songs and a remix of " Spooky Scary Skeletons ". In 2012, The Living Tombstone remixed the song "Discord" from the Eurobeat producer Odyssey/Eurobeat Brony, which accumulated over 40 million views on YouTube and was used in over 500,000 videos on TikTok in 2021. In 2013, Landau made

2950-459: The subjective interpretations of the Quran (almost exclusively by men), the preponderance of the misogynic mullahs and the regressive Shariah law in most "Muslim" countries, Islam is synonymously known as a promoter of misogyny in its worst form.... we may draw a line between the Quranic texts and the corpus of avowedly misogynic writing and spoken words by the mullah having very little or no relevance to

3009-576: The team's repeated losses, mainly due to the lack of a support character in the team. The song features the refrain "I'm Already Tracer ," which became the subject of numerous videos made on social media platform TikTok in which users recorded themselves lip-synching to the song. The meme attracted negative attention as it was the subject of various compilations on social media. Outlets such as Kotaku , Polygon and The Daily Dot noted that such compilations soon became rooted in misogyny , with comments disparaging those who created such videos miming to

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3068-491: The term to include not only a hatred or contempt of women, but the practice of controlling women with violence and punishing women who reject subordination. Misogyny was discussed worldwide in 2012 because of a viral video of a speech by Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard . Her parliamentary address is known as the Misogyny Speech . In the speech, Gillard powerfully criticised her opponents for holding her policies to

3127-600: The top 5 of Billboard 's Dance/Electronic Songs chart, peaking at #4, previously only charting on the Dance/Electronic Digital Song Sales chart. In 2018, The Living Tombstone's song based on the hero shooter game Overwatch , No Mercy, went viral on social media. Originally released as an animated video from YouTube channel Mashed in January 2017, the song describes two players on the same team arguing about their choice of characters and its contributions to

3186-569: The twenty-first century by multimedia objectification of women with its culturally sanctioned self-loathing and fixations on plastic surgery , anorexia and bulimia . Philosopher Kate Manne of Cornell University defines misogyny as the attempt to control and punish women who challenge male dominance. Manne finds the traditional "hatred of women" definition of misogyny too simplistic, noting it does not account for how perpetrators of misogynistic violence may love certain women; for example, their mothers. Instead, misogyny rewards women who uphold

3245-664: The verse Galatians 3:28 ("There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus") is "the fundamental Pauline theological basis for the inclusion of women and men as equal and mutual partners in all of the ministries of the church." In his book Equality in Christ? Galatians 3:28 and the Gender Dispute , Richard Hove argues that—while Galatians 3:28 does mean that one's sex does not affect salvation—"there remains

3304-417: The way the word has been used over the prior 30 years. The book Down Girl , which reconsidered the definition using the tools of analytic philosophy , was inspired in part by Gillard. In Misogyny: The World's Oldest Prejudice , Jack Holland argues that there is evidence of misogyny in the mythology of the ancient world. In Greek mythology according to Hesiod, the human race had already experienced

3363-691: The women are to be "held in common" by men. He never says that the men might be held in common by the women... We also have to acknowledge Socrates' insistence that men surpass women at any task that both sexes attempt (455c, 456a), and his remark in Book 8 that one sign of democracy's moral failure is the sexual equality it promotes (563b). Misogynist is also found in the Greek— misogunēs ( μισογύνης )—in Deipnosophistae (above) and in Plutarch 's Parallel Lives , where it

3422-440: Was competently made but felt it is a retread of previous psychological horror video games. Bloody Disgusting felt that In Sound Mind used familiar tropes in a better way than many other games, making it a memorable game and a solid debut. Misogyny Misogyny ( / m ɪ ˈ s ɒ dʒ ɪ n i / ) is hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls . It is a form of sexism that can keep women at

3481-558: Was founded by Landau in 2011 as both a YouTube channel and a musical project. Landau, a native of Israel , was involved in the online fan community of the media franchise My Little Pony , where he created a remix of one of the songs featured on My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic . After the remix garnered several thousand views, Landau created more songs of the franchise before eventually shifting his focus to various video game communities, creating songs based on video games. Five years after forming The Living Tombstone, Landau moved to

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