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122-459: According to the town's history, Linesville was settled by Amos Line, who was born in Scotch Plains, New Jersey . "Line established a mill at the site in 1820. The village was laid out in 1825. It was first known as Line's Mills, but the name was changed to Linesville Station in 1864. It was not known as Linesville until 1883. It was incorporated from Pine Township on March 22, 1862. Linesville

244-727: A student–teacher ratio of 12.9:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics ) are Howard B. Brunner Elementary School with 414 students in grades Pre-K–4, J. Ackerman Coles School with 552 students in grades Pre-K–4, Evergreen School with 402 students in grades Pre-K–4, William J. McGinn School with 512 students in grades K–4, School One with 395 students in grades Pre-K–4, Malcolm E. Nettingham Middle School with 909 students in grades 5-8, Terrill Middle School with 811 students in grades 5–8 and Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School with 1,574 students in grades 9–12. Seats on

366-525: A Depression-era Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) project. Linesville is also home to the University of Pittsburgh's Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology . Linesville is the birthplace of noteworthy traveler Winfield Line (Amos Line's great-great-grandson) who, in 1922-23 with his brother Francis, hiked/hitchhiked through every state in the Union. This pair of brothers later wrote a book entitled Foot by Foot Through

488-569: A brief stretch in the central part and U.S. Route 22 in the north. The township is accessible from major limited access highways in neighboring communities, such as Interstate 78 in both Watchung and Berkeley Heights , the Garden State Parkway in Clark and Interstate 287 in Edison Township . Scotch Plains is bisected by NJ Transit 's Raritan Valley Line , formerly the mainline of

610-525: A comprehensive high school (9–12)., all of which are located in Scotch Plains. Students from School One, Evergreen and Brunner pool into Nettingham Middle School, while students from Coles and McGinn feed into Terrill. School One is the only elementary school that teaches English as a second language . As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of eight schools, had an enrollment of 5,649 students and 438.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for

732-604: A countywide basis are: Clerk Joanne Rajoppi (D, Union Township, 2025), Sheriff Peter Corvelli (D, Kenilworth , 2026) and Surrogate Christopher E. Hudak (D, Clark , 2027). As of March 2011, there were a total of 15,979 registered voters in Scotch Plains Township, of which 5,061 (31.7% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats , 3,562 (22.3% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 7,346 (46.0% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated . There were 10 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens . Among

854-483: A dual-authority supervisory staff: firstly, Department of War personnel or Reserve officers (until July 1, 1939), a "company commander" and junior officer, who were responsible for overall camp operation, logistics, education and training; and secondly, ten to fourteen technical service civilians, including a camp "superintendent" and "foreman", employed by either the Departments of Interior or Agriculture, responsible for

976-425: A household in the township was $ 81,599, and the median income for a family was $ 96,238. Males had a median income of $ 63,648 versus $ 43,714 for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 39,913. 3.0% of the population and 2.0% of families were below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 2.0% of those under the age of 18 and 7.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Parks in

1098-650: A large majority of land that had once been the living area of the community. In 1778, the US ratified the first treaty with an American Indian tribe, the Treaty of Fort Pitt ; the treaty eventually fell apart, causing the inter-cultural relationship to rupture. Today, the Lenni-Lenape, now known as the Delaware Nation , are found in small regions across the US and Canada. A variety of treaties, conflicts, and migration have spread out

1220-639: A list of three candidates nominated by the Democratic municipal committee to fill the council seat expiring in December 2022 that had been held by Joshua Losardo until he stepped down to take office as mayor. In April 2021, Matthew Adams was selected to fill Dahiya-Shah's seat, after she stepped down from office in March, citing "personal reasons". Adams served on an interim basis until the November 2021 general election, when he

1342-433: A majority of which were non-farm; 45% came from urban areas. Level of education for the enrollee averaged 3% illiterate; 38% had less than eight years of school; 48% did not complete high school; and 11% were high school graduates. At the time of entry, 70% of enrollees were malnourished and poorly clothed. Few had work experience beyond occasional odd jobs. Peace was maintained by the threat of "dishonorable discharge". "This

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1464-577: A ruling that Reserve officers on CCC duty had to have the same housing and subsistence benefits as Regular officers, President Roosevelt directed that all Reservists be relieved from CCC duty effective 1 July 1939. The changeover was complete by September 1939, but it was a change largely in name only because many of the Reservists merely took off their uniforms and continued their jobs with the CCC as civilians, albeit with lower pay. The Army found numerous benefits in

1586-563: A staggered basis in even-numbered years, with the Mayor and one of the council members elected in years divisible by four and the three other council seats coming up for election two years later. The Mayor and the Councilmembers are the only elected officials in the township government. The Mayor and Council then appoint a Township Manager, who serves as the chief executive officer of the Township, with

1708-506: A strong work ethic, strengthen their leadership skills, and learn how to take personal responsibility for their actions. VYCC Crews work at VT State Parks, U.S. Forest Service Campgrounds, in local communities, and throughout the state's backcountry. The VYCC has also given aid to a similar program in North Carolina, which is currently in its infancy. The Youth Conservation Corps is a youth conservation program present in federal lands around

1830-689: A temporary camp in between the highly-utilized Delaware River and mountains to the West, and the Atlantic Ocean to the East. From the earliest periods of the Paleo-Indian (10,000-12,000 years ago) to the Archaic Period (4,000-10,000 years ago), there is evidence suggesting a high degree of mobile hunting in the rivers and woods around the Scotch Plains area, with spears, atlatls , and axe heads being found. During

1952-473: A turnout of 78.8% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election , Democrat John Kerry received 6,134 votes (51.0% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 5,757 votes (47.9% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 83 votes (0.7% vs. 0.7%), among the 12,018 ballots cast by the township's 15,361 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.2% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county). In

2074-630: Is a social enterprise , based in Netherlands, that has taken its inspiration from the Civilian Conservation Corps in running a permanent youth training program, supported by veterans , to manage ocean areas and carry out underwater landscape restoration. Unemployed youths are trained up as Sea Rangers during a bootcamp and subsequently offered full-time employment to manage and regenerate Marine Protected Areas and aid ocean conservation . The Sea Ranger Service works in close cooperation with

2196-708: Is a non-profit employment, job training, and education organization with locations across the United States including Arizona Conservation Corps in Tucson and Flagstaff, Arizona ; Conservation Corps New Mexico in Las Cruces, New Mexico ; Southwest Conservation Corps in Durango and Salida, Colorado ; and Southeast Conservation Corps in Chattanooga, Tennessee . Conservation Legacy also operates an AmeriCorps VISTA team serving to improve

2318-642: Is a sub-agency of the Washington State Department of Ecology. It employs men and women 18 to 25 years old in a program to protect and enhance Washington's natural resources. WCC is a part of the AmeriCorps program. The Vermont Youth Conservation Corps (VYCC) is a non-profit, youth service and education organization that hires Corps Members, aged 16–24, to work on high-priority conservation projects in Vermont. Through these work projects, Corps Members develop

2440-473: Is a training station; we're going to leave morally and physically fit to lick 'Old Man Depression,'" boasted the newsletter, Happy Days, of a North Carolina camp. Because of the power of conservative Solid South white Democrats in Congress, who insisted on racial segregation, most New Deal programs were racially segregated; African American and white people rarely worked alongside each other. At this time, all

2562-561: Is an American YouthWorks program which allows youth, ages 17 to 28, to contribute to the restoration and preservation of parks and public lands in Texas. The only conservation corps in Texas, TxcC is a nonprofit corporation based in Austin, Texas , which serves the entire state. Their work ranges from disaster relief to trail building to habitat restoration. TxCC has done projects in national, state, and city parks. The Washington Conservation Corps (WCC)

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2684-501: Is for vocational as well as gifted students, publicly funded by the combined taxes of Union County municipalities. Union Catholic Regional High School (often abbreviated UC), a private Roman Catholic school, brings in students from Union County and parts of Essex and Middlesex counties and operates under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark . The Newark Archdiocese also supervises operation of

2806-473: Is located in western Crawford County at 41°39′23″N 80°25′28″W  /  41.65639°N 80.42444°W  / 41.65639; -80.42444 (41.656489, -80.424430). It is surrounded by Pine Township , a separate municipality. According to the United States Census Bureau , the borough has a total area of 0.77 square miles (2.0 km), all land. The borough is located just north of

2928-549: Is represented in the State Senate by Nicholas Scutari ( D , Linden ) and in the General Assembly by Linda S. Carter (D, Plainfield ) and James J. Kennedy (D, Rahway ). Union County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners , whose nine members are elected at-large to three-year terms of office on a staggered basis with three seats coming up for election each year, with an appointed County Manager overseeing

3050-574: The 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 7th congressional district is represented by Thomas Kean Jr. ( R , Westfield ). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For the 2024-2025 session , the 22nd legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature

3172-505: The 2000 United States census there were 22,732 people, 8,349 households, and 6,295 families residing in the township . The population density was 2,503.3 inhabitants per square mile (966.5/km ). There were 8,479 housing units at an average density of 933.7 per square mile (360.5/km ). The racial makeup of the township was 78.88% White , 11.30% African American , 0.09% Native American , 7.25% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.95% from other races , and 1.52% from two or more races. 3.94% of

3294-633: The 2013 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 60.8% of the vote (4,504 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 37.8% (2,804 votes), and other candidates with 1.4% (105 votes), among the 7,532 ballots cast by the township's 16,527 registered voters (119 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 45.6%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 4,381 votes (50.8% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 3,480 votes (40.4% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 633 votes (7.3% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 68 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among

3416-581: The California Conservation Corps . This program had many similar characteristics - residential centers, high expectations for participation, and emphasis on hard work on public lands. Young adults from different backgrounds were recruited for a term of one year. Corps members attended a training session called the Corpsmember Orientation Motivation Education and Training (COMET) program before being assigned to one of

3538-772: The Central Railroad of New Jersey . A passenger station is located in Fanwood . Another rail line, the Lehigh Line , carries freight trains through the southernmost tip of the township. New Jersey Transit offers service on the 112 , 113 , 114 and 117 routes to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan , and service to Newark on the 59 , 65 and 66 (Limited) routes. Civilian Conservation Corps The Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC )

3660-560: The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 , on April 8, 1935, which included continued funding for the CCC program through March 31, 1937. The age limit was expanded to 17–28 to include more men. April 1, 1935, to March 31, 1936, was the period of greatest activity and work accomplished by the CCC program. Enrollment peaked at 505,782 in about 2,900 camps by August 31, 1935, followed by a reduction to 350,000 enrollees in 2,019 camps by June 30, 1936. During this period

3782-532: The National Association of Service and Conservation Corps (NASCC), works to expand and enhance corps-type programs throughout the country. The Corps Network began in 1985 when the nation's first 24 Corps directors banded together to secure an advocate at the federal level and a repository of information on how best to start and manage a corps. Early financial assistance from the Ford , Hewlett and Mott Foundations

Linesville, Pennsylvania - Misplaced Pages Continue

3904-498: The New Jersey Legislature from portions of Plainfield Township and Westfield Township . Portions of the township were taken to form Fanwood Borough on October 2, 1895. Fanwood Township was renamed as Scotch Plains on March 29, 1917, based on the results of a referendum held that same day. Scotch Plains was home to the Shady Rest Golf and Country Club , the nation's first African-American country club. Its pro, John Shippen ,

4026-646: The Office of Education and Veterans Administration participated in the program. To overcome opposition from labor unions, which wanted no training programs started when so many of their members were unemployed, Roosevelt chose Robert Fechner, vice president of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers , as director of the Corps. William Green , head of the American Federation of Labor ,

4148-511: The U.S. state of New Jersey . The township is located on a ridge in northern - central New Jersey, within the Raritan Valley and Rahway Valley regions in the New York metropolitan area . As of the 2020 United States census , the township's population was 24,968, an increase of 1,458 (+6.2%) from the 2010 census count of 23,510, which in turn reflected an increase of 778 (+3.4%) from

4270-724: The United States Census Bureau , the township had a total area of 9.06 square miles (23.46 km ), including 9.02 square miles (23.36 km ) of land and 0.04 square miles (0.09 km ) of water (0.40%). The township borders the municipalities of Berkeley Heights , Clark , Fanwood , Mountainside , Plainfield and Westfield in Union County; Edison and South Plainfield in Middlesex County ; and Watchung in Somerset County . Unincorporated communities , localities and place names located partially or completely within

4392-530: The Western Defense Command 's Enemy Alien Control Program, as well as Axis prisoners of war . Most of the Japanese American internment camps were built by the people held there. After the CCC disbanded, the federal agencies responsible for public lands organized their own seasonal fire crews, modeled after the CCC. These have performed a firefighting function formerly done by the CCC and provided

4514-508: The Woodland period (450-4,000 years ago), it was common for communities to make items such as dugout canoes and nets for fishing, two artifacts the Lenape have come to be known for, along with their shelter of choice, the wigwam . During this time they also extensively farmed, moving around to different areas in search of productive land as the seasons progressed. The area known as Scotch Plains

4636-651: The Works Progress Administration also had some responsibilities. About 5,000 reserve officers serving in the camps were affected, as they were transferred to federal Civil Service , and military ranks and titles were eliminated. Despite the loss of overt military leadership in the camps by July 1940, with war underway in Europe and Asia, the government directed an increasing number of CCC projects to resources for national defense. It developed infrastructure for military training facilities and forest protection. By 1940

4758-455: The attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the Roosevelt administration directed all federal programs to emphasize the war effort. Most CCC work, except for wildland firefighting, was shifted onto U.S. military bases to help with construction. The CCC disbanded one year earlier than planned, as the 77th United States Congress ceased funding it. Operations were formally concluded at the end of

4880-469: The census of 2000, there were 1,155 people, 470 households, and 306 families residing in the borough. The population density was 1,510.4 inhabitants per square mile (583.2/km). There were 501 housing units at an average density of 655.2 per square mile (253.0/km). The racial makeup of the borough was 97.23% White , 0.69% African American , 0.69% Native American , 0.26% Asian , and 1.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of

5002-431: The 12,407 ballots cast by the township's 16,820 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.8% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 7,094 votes (55.0% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 5,603 votes (43.5% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 109 votes (0.8% vs. 0.9%), among the 12,894 ballots cast by the township's 16,359 registered voters, for

Linesville, Pennsylvania - Misplaced Pages Continue

5124-581: The 22,732 counted in the 2000 census . The Lenape are the ancestral community indigenous to a large chunk of the Mid-Atlantic region, stretching from Eastern Pennsylvania to the Atlantic Ocean , and from Delaware to Southern New York . Scotch Plains and the Mid-Atlantic region was used by the Lenape and their ancestors for roughly 10,000 years. It is suggested that the Lenape used Scotch Plains as

5246-599: The 8,619 ballots cast by the township's 16,122 registered voters, yielding a 53.5% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county). Public school students in Scotch Plains attend the schools of the Scotch Plains-Fanwood Regional School District , which serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from the Borough of Fanwood and the Township of Scotch Plains. The district has five elementary schools (grades PreK to 4), two middle schools (5–8) and

5368-640: The CCC forces contributed to disaster relief following 1937 floods in New York, Vermont, and the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys, and response and clean-up after the 1938 hurricane in New England . In 1939 Congress ended the independent status of the CCC, transferring it to the control of the Federal Security Agency . The National Youth Administration , U.S. Employment Service , the Office of Education , and

5490-767: The CCC program on May 11, 1933, to include work opportunities for veterans. Veteran qualifications differed from the junior enrollee; one needed to be certified by the Veterans Administration by an application. They could be any age, and married or single as long as they were in need of work. Veterans were generally assigned to entire veteran camps. Enrollees were eligible for the following "rated" positions to help with camp administration: senior leader, mess steward, storekeeper and two cooks; assistant leader, company clerk, assistant educational advisor and three second cooks. These men received additional pay ranging from $ 36 to $ 45 per month depending on their rating. Each CCC camp

5612-456: The CCC provided an ideology of manly outdoor work to counter the Depression, as well as cash to help the family budget. Through a regime of heavy manual labor, civic and political education, and an all-male living and working environment, the CCC tried to build "better men" who would be economically independent and self-reliant. By 1939, there was a shift in the ideal from the hardy manual worker to

5734-477: The CCC was a new experiment in operations for a federal government agency. The order directed that the program be supervised jointly by four government departments: Labor , which recruited the young men; War , which operated the camps; the Agriculture ; and Interior , which organized and supervised the work projects. A CCC Advisory Council was composed of a representative from each of those departments. In addition,

5856-457: The CCC was affecting military readiness. Only 575 Organized Reserve officers initially received orders for CCC duty. CCC tours were initially six months long, but were later lengthened to one year. In July 1933, the War Department ordered that Regular Army officers assigned as instructors with ROTC and Organized Reserve units be returned to their former duties. By the end of September 1933,

5978-502: The CCC was no longer wholly a relief agency, was rapidly losing its non-military character, and it was becoming a system for work-training, as its ranks had become increasingly younger and inexperienced. Although the CCC was probably the most popular New Deal program, it never was authorized as a permanent agency. The program was reduced in scale as the Depression waned and employment opportunities improved. After conscription began in 1940 , fewer eligible young men were available. Following

6100-456: The Corps was not possible. Enrollees worked 40 hours per week over five days, sometimes including Saturdays if poor weather dictated. In return they received $ 30 per month (equivalent to $ 710 in 2023) with a compulsory allotment of $ 25 (about equivalent to $ 590 in 2023) sent to a family dependent, as well as housing, food, clothing, and medical care. Following the second Bonus Army march on Washington, D.C., President Roosevelt amended

6222-536: The Deputy Director of the Corporate Eco Forum (CEF) founded by M. R. Rangaswami , and their team of strategic advisors have reimagined the federal Civilian Conservation Corps program of the 1930s as a private, locally governed, national social franchise. The goal of this recently established CCCUSA is to enroll a million young people annually, building a core set of values in each enrollee, who will then become

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6344-688: The Ducks Walk on the Fish ", coined by local businessman Alpine Maclaine. The spillway is locally billed as "Pennsylvania's second most popular tourist attraction, after the Liberty Bell", and the logo of the Linesville Volunteer Fire Department used to be a duck standing on the back of a fish. Pymatuning Lake is one of the largest man-made lakes in Pennsylvania. It was created in the 1930s as

6466-616: The Indians' own undertaking". Educational programs trained participants in gardening, stock raising, safety, native arts, and some academic subjects. IECW differed from other CCC activities in that it explicitly trained men in skills to be carpenters, truck drivers, radio operators, mechanics, surveyors, and technicians. With the passage of the National Defense Vocational Training Act of 1941 , enrollees began participating in defense-oriented training. The government paid for

6588-842: The Jewish Federation of Central New Jersey as their Jewish Community Center and offices. The Federation bought the building outright five years later. The Union County Vocational Technical Schools includes the Union County Magnet High School , the Academy for Information Technology , the Union County Academy for Allied Health Sciences , the Union County Academy for Performing Arts and the Vocational-Technical School. The grouping of different schools

6710-445: The K–8 St. Bartholomew Academy. Union County College has a facility in Scotch Plains. As of May 2010 , the township had a total of 89.39 miles (143.86 km) of roadways, of which 75.06 miles (120.80 km) were maintained by the municipality, 11.95 miles (19.23 km) by Union County and 2.38 miles (3.83 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation . The two major roads that pass through are Route 28 for

6832-505: The Labor-Federal Security Appropriation Act (56 Stat. 569) on July 2, 1942, and virtually completed on June 30, 1943. Liquidation appropriations for the CCC continued through April 20, 1948. Some former CCC sites in good condition were reactivated from 1941 to 1947 as Civilian Public Service camps where conscientious objectors performed "work of national importance" as an alternative to military service. Other camps were used to hold Japanese , German and Italian Americans interned under

6954-412: The Local Experienced Men (LEM) program. The typical CCC enrollee was a U.S. citizen, unmarried, unemployed male, 18–25 years of age. Normally his family was on local relief. Each enrollee volunteered and, upon passing a physical exam and/or a period of conditioning, was required to serve a minimum six-month period, with the option to serve as many as four periods, or up to two years if employment outside

7076-399: The USA, A High Adventure Odyssey to Every State in the Union , which chronicled their journey. Another minor point of interest is at the main intersection of the town (at its sole traffic light). On the Maclaine Building at the northwest corner is a sign reading "CHICAGO: 500 miles NEW YORK: 500 miles" (the true midpoint between the two is actually about a mile west). At one time, Linesville

7198-423: The acreage adjoining the house, presents a vista of that decade, the 1770s. This was the home of Aunt Betty Frazee, whose retort to Lord Cornwallis led the British to find their bread from friendlier bakers in the same battle. The farmstead of Betty and Gershom Frazee is being restored by local organizations. What is now Scotch Plains was originally incorporated as Fanwood Township on March 6, 1878, by an act of

7320-421: The authority to appoint most subordinate personnel. As of 2024 , the mayor of Scotch Plains is Democrat Joshua G. Losardo, whose term of office expires on December 31, 2024. Members of the Township Council are Deputy Mayor Ellen Zimmerman (D, 2024), Matthew S. Adams (D, 2026), Elizabeth Stamler (D, 2026), and Roshan "Roc" White (D, 2026). In January 2021, the Township Council chose Suman Dahiya-Shah from

7442-408: The average family size was 2.99. In the borough the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 100.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males. The median income for a household in the borough

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7564-697: The camps. Director Fechner refused to appoint Black adults to any supervisory positions except that of education director in the all-Black camps. The CCC operated a separate division for members of federally recognized tribes : the "Indian Emergency Conservation Work Division" (IECW or CCC-ID). Native men from reservations worked on roads, bridges, clinics, shelters, and other public works near their reservations . Although they were organized as groups classified as camps, no permanent camps were established for Native Americans. Instead, organized groups moved with their families from project to project and were provided with an additional rental allowance. The CCC often provided

7686-490: The catalyst in their own communities and states to create a more civil society and stronger nation. The CCC program became a model for the creation of team-based national service youth conservation programs such as the Student Conservation Association (SCA). The SCA, founded in 1959, is a nonprofit organization that offers conservation internships and summer trail crew opportunities to more than 4,000 people each year. In 1976, Governor of California Jerry Brown established

7808-428: The chance to lead large numbers of enlisted men. Future Chief of Staff of the Army General George C. Marshall "embraced" the CCC, unlike many of his brother officers. An implicit goal of the CCC was to restore morale in an era of 25% unemployment for all men and much higher rates for poorly educated teenagers. Jeffrey Suzik argues in "'Building Better Men': The CCC Boy and the Changing Social Ideal of Manliness" that

7930-442: The classes and after students completed courses and passed a competency test, guaranteed automatic employment in defense work. A total of 85,000 Native Americans were enrolled in this training. This proved valuable social capital for the 24,000 alumni who later served in the military and the 40,000 who left the reservations for city jobs supporting the war effort. Responding to public demand to alleviate unemployment, Congress approved

8052-474: The community, although a small group continue to live in their ancestral region, hoping to educate and bring to light their claims to the land, including Scotch Plains. The Ash Swamp in Scotch Plains was the scene of a key action in the Battle of Short Hills , on June 26, 1777, which included skirmishes as Washington's forces moved along Rahway Road in Scotch Plains toward the Watchung Mountains . An ancient house in Scotch Plains recalls those skirmishes and with

8174-399: The country. The program gives youth aged 13–17 the opportunity to participate in conservation projects in a team setting. YCC programs are available in land managed by the National Park Service, the Forest Service, and the Fish and Wildlife Service. Projects can last up to 10 weeks and typically run over the summer. Some YCC programs are residential, meaning the participants are given housing on

8296-679: The day-to-day operations of the county. At an annual reorganization meeting held in the beginning of January, the board selects a Chair and Vice Chair from among its members. As of 2024 , Union County's County Commissioners are: Rebecca Williams ( D , Plainfield , 2025), Joesph Bodek (D, Linden , 2026), James E. Baker Jr. (D, Rahway , 2024), Michele Delisfort (D, Union Township , 2026), Sergio Granados (D, Elizabeth , 2025), Bette Jane Kowalski (D, Cranford , 2025), Vice Chair Lourdes M. Leon (D, Elizabeth, 2026), Alexander Mirabella (D, Fanwood , 2024) and Chair Kimberly Palmieri-Mouded (D, Westfield , 2024). Constitutional officers elected on

8418-501: The development of job and life skills by conservation and community service work. The Montana Conservation Corps (MCC) is a non-profit organization with a mission to equip young people with the skills and values to be vigorous citizens who improve their communities and environment. Collectively, MCC crews contribute more than 90,000 work hours each year. The MCC was established in 1991 by Montana 's Human Resource Development Councils in Billings , Bozeman and Kalispell . Originally, it

8540-424: The director of the CCC-ID, both based the program on Indian self-rule and the restoration of tribal lands, governments, and cultures. The next year, Congress passed the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 , which ended allotments and helped preserve tribal lands, and encouraged tribes to re-establish self-government. Collier said of the CCC-Indian Division, "no previous undertaking in Indian Service has so largely been

8662-428: The district's administration offices, along with the Conneaut Area Senior High School and the Alice Shafer Annex. There are several points of interest throughout the town, chiefly Pymatuning Lake and the Linesville Spillway. In warm weather, the spillway on the sanctuary (eastern) side is home to thousands of oversized carp , attracted by the bread thrown into the water by visitors; this is known as " The Place Where

8784-456: The district's nine-member board of education are allocated based on the population of the constituent districts, with seven seats assigned to Scotch Plains. Park Middle School was renamed in 2021 to honor Malcolm V. Nettingham, who had served with the Tuskegee Airmen . Shackamaxon School, was built in 1951 (the same year as Evergreen School) and operated until 1981, when it was leased to

8906-972: The environment and economies of historic mining communities in the American West and Appalachia . Conservation Legacy also hosts the Environmental Stewards Program - providing internships with federal, state, municipal and NGO land management agencies nationwide. Conservation Legacy formed as a merger of the Southwest Youth Corps, San Luis Valley Youth Corps, The Youth Corps of Southern Arizona, and Coconino Rural Environmental Corps. Conservation Legacy engages young adults ages 14 to 26 and U.S. military veterans of all ages in personal and professional development experiences involving conservation projects on public lands. Corp members live, work, and learn in teams of six to eight for terms of service ranging from 3 months to 1 year. The Sea Ranger Service

9028-462: The federal fiscal year on June 30, 1942. The end of the CCC program and closing of the camps involved arrangements to leave the incomplete work projects in the best possible state, the separation of about 1,800 appointed employees, the transfer of CCC property to the War and Navy Departments and other agencies, and the preparation of final accountability records. Liquidation of the CCC was ordered by Congress by

9150-615: The first African-American golf professional, led the 1892 U.S. Open in the final round before finishing fifth. The Shady Rest clubhouse hosted Cab Calloway and other greats as a local center for African-American culture in the 1920s and 1930s. It is preserved today as the Scotch Hills Municipal course. A much more complete history of the township can be found in the October 28, 1999, "Our Towns: Scotch Plains-Fanwood (2nd Annual)" issue of The Times of Scotch Plains-Fanwood , produced by

9272-448: The first few weeks of operation, CCC camps in the North were integrated . By July 1935, however, all camps in the United States were segregated. Enrollment peaked at the end of 1935, when there were 500,000 men in 2,600 camps in operation in every state. All received equal pay and housing. Black leaders lobbied to secure leadership roles. Adult white men held the major leadership roles in all

9394-509: The highly trained citizen soldier ready for war. The legislation and mobilization of the program occurred quite rapidly. Roosevelt made his request to Congress on March 21, 1933; the legislation was submitted to Congress the same day; Congress passed it by voice vote on March 31; Roosevelt signed it the same day, then issued an executive order on April 5 creating the agency, appointing Fechner its director, and assigning War Department corps area commanders to begin enrollment. The first CCC enrollee

9516-404: The land they work on. Projects may necessitate youth to camp in backcountry settings in order to work on trails or campsites. Most require youth to commute daily or house youth for only a few days a week. Youth are typically paid for their work. YCC programs contribute to the maintenance of public lands and instill a value for hard work and the outdoors in those who participate. Conservation Legacy

9638-489: The lists of the unemployed to improve our existing reforestation areas." In its first year alone, more than 25,000 unemployed New Yorkers were active in its paid conservation work. Long interested in conservation, as president Roosevelt proposed a full-scale national program to Congress on March 21, 1933: I propose to create [the CCC] to be used in complex work, not interfering with normal employment and confining itself to forestry,

9760-691: The men at work and in the barracks. The CCC performed 300 types of work projects in nine approved general classifications: The responses to this seven-month experimental conservation program were enthusiastic. On October 1, 1933, Director Fechner was directed to arrange for the second period of enrollment. By January 1934, 300,000 men were enrolled. In July 1934, this cap was increased by 50,000 to include men from Midwest states that had been affected by drought. The temporary tent camps had also developed to include wooden barracks. An education program had been established, emphasizing job training and literacy. Approximately 55% of enrollees were from rural communities,

9882-405: The national forests and other government properties. The Emergency Conservation Work (ECW) Act was introduced to Congress the same day and enacted by voice vote on March 31. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 6101 on April 5, 1933, which established the CCC organization and appointed a director, Robert Fechner , a former labor union official who served until 1939. The organization and administration of

10004-548: The northeast end of Pymatuning Reservoir . U.S. Route 6 passes through the center of Linesville, leading east 17 miles (27 km) to Meadville , the Crawford County seat, and northwest then south 16 miles (26 km) to Andover, Ohio . South Mercer Street provides a shorter route to Andover (10 miles (16 km)), leading south across the Linesville Spillway of Pymatuning Lake to Pennsylvania Route 285 . As of

10126-415: The number of Regular officers on CCC duty had dropped to about 2,000 and the number of Reservists had increased to 2,200. By June 1934, only 400 Regular officers remained on CCC duty, and by October, Reserve officers had assumed command of almost all CCC companies and sub-districts. Effective on 1 January 1938, the War Department limited the number of Regular officers assigned to CCC duty to only 117. Due to

10248-728: The only paid work, as many reservations were in remote rural areas. Enrollees had to be between the ages of 17 and 35. During 1933, about half the male heads of households on the Sioux reservations in South Dakota were employed by the CCC-ID. With grants from the Public Works Administration (PWA), the Indian Division built schools and conducted a road-building program in and around many reservations to improve infrastructure. The mission

10370-436: The particular fieldwork. Also included in camp operation were several non-technical supervisor LEMs, who provided knowledge of the work at hand, "lay of the land," and paternal guidance for inexperienced enrollees. Enrollees were organized into work detail units called "sections" of 25 men each, according to the barracks they resided in. Each section had an enrollee "senior leader" and "assistant leader" who were accountable for

10492-403: The period after World War II. Present-day corps are national, state, and local programs that engage primarily youth and young adults (ages 16–25) in community service, training, and educational activities. The nation's approximately 113 corps programs operate in 41 of the 50 states and Washington, D.C. During 2004, they enrolled more than 23,000 young people. The Corps Network, known originally as

10614-436: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 8,349 households, out of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.4% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

10736-432: The population were under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 29.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.9 years. For every 100 females, the population had 91.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 88.3 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income

10858-418: The population. Of the 8,595 households, 37.4% had children under the age of 18; 62.6% were married couples living together; 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present and 25.2% were non-families. Of all households, 21.7% were made up of individuals and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.20. 25.9% of

10980-407: The population. There were 470 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and

11102-412: The prevention of soil erosion, flood control, and similar projects. I call your attention to the fact that this type of work is of definite, practical value, not only through the prevention of great present financial loss but also as a means of creating future national wealth. He promised this law would provide 250,000 young men with meals, housing, workwear , and medical care in exchange for their work in

11224-552: The program, helping them weather the Great Depression. By 1942, with World War II raging and the draft in effect, the need for work relief declined, and Congress voted to close the program. As governor of New York , Franklin D. Roosevelt had run a similar program on a much smaller scale, known as the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration (TERA). It was started in early 1932 to "use men from

11346-651: The program. Through the CCC, the Regular Army could assess the leadership performance of both Regular and Reserve officers. In mobilizing, clothing, feeding, and controlling thousands of men, the CCC provided lessons which the Army used in developing its wartime mobilization plans for training camps. When the draft began in 1940, the policy was to make CCC alumni corporals and sergeants. The CCC also provided command experience to Reserve officers, who normally interacted almost exclusively with other officers during training and did not have

11468-477: The public response to the CCC program was overwhelmingly popular. A Gallup poll of April 18, 1936, asked: "Are you in favor of the CCC camps?"; 82% of respondents said "yes", including 92% of Democrats and 67% of Republicans . On June 28, 1937, the Civilian Conservation Corps was legally established and transferred from its original designation as the Emergency Conservation Work program. Funding

11590-418: The results of the November 2012 general elections. The redistricting plan that went into effect in 2013 put 1,091 residents from the extreme northernmost portion of the township into the 7th District, with the remaining 22,419 put into the 12th District. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 12th congressional district is represented by Bonnie Watson Coleman ( D , Ewing Township ). For

11712-438: The same sort of outdoor work experience for young people. Approximately 47 young men have died while in this line of duty. In several cities where CCC workers worked, statues were erected to commemorate them. The CCC program was never officially terminated. Congress provided funding for closing the remaining camps in 1942 with the equipment being reallocated. It became a model for conservation programs that were implemented in

11834-495: The spring of 1933 to administer the CCC. The troops were pulled from just about every source possible, but usually from the Army’s combat regiments and battalions, and Army instructors on duty with ROTC , Organized Reserve , and National Guard organizations. In at least one case each, district personnel were drawn from an engineer regiment and an Air Corps group. MacArthur soon said that the number of Regular Army personnel assigned to

11956-466: The states of the South had passed legislation imposing racial segregation and, since the turn of the century, laws and constitutional provisions that disenfranchised most African Americans ; they were excluded from formal politics. Because of discrimination by white officials at the local and state levels, African Americans in the South did not receive as many benefits as white people from New Deal programs. In

12078-517: The time claimed an individual's enrollment in the CCC led to improved physical condition, heightened morale, and increased employability . The CCC also led to a greater public awareness and appreciation of the outdoors and the nation's natural resources, and the continued need for a carefully planned, comprehensive national program for the protection and development of natural resources. The CCC operated separate programs for veterans and Native Americans. Approximately 15,000 Native Americans took part in

12200-486: The town's newspaper of record at the time as well as on the township's website. The ancestors of many residents immigrated from the area of Montazzoli , Italy, as part of a wave of Italian immigrants who arrived in the area in the early 20th century. In recognition of this longstanding connection, the township established "Montazzoli Plaza" in October 2015 in front of the Italian American Club. According to

12322-584: The township include Alton, Goodmans, Graceland, Two Bridges and Willow Grove. The Robinson's Branch of the Rahway River additionally flows through Scotch Plains en route to the Robinson's Branch Reservoir . Bloomberg Businessweek ranked Scotch Plains as the most affordable suburb in New Jersey in its 2009 report. The 2010 United States census counted 23,510 people, 8,595 households, and 6,429 families in

12444-664: The township include: Scotch Plains is governed within the Faulkner Act , formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Council-Manager form of New Jersey municipal government. The township is one of 42 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the four-member Township Council. Council members are elected at-large in partisan elections to serve four-year terms of office on

12566-407: The township's 2010 Census population, 68.0% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 91.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide). In the 2012 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 6,801 votes (54.8% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 5,394 votes (43.5% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 135 votes (1.1% vs. 0.8%), among

12688-473: The township. The population density was 2,606.9 per square mile (1,006.5/km ). There were 8,896 housing units at an average density of 986.4 per square mile (380.9/km ). The racial makeup was 77.43% (18,203) White , 11.08% (2,605) Black or African American , 0.12% (29) Native American , 7.65% (1,799) Asian , 0.01% (2) Pacific Islander , 1.39% (327) from other races , and 2.32% (545) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.73% (1,582) of

12810-671: The various centers. Project work is also similar to the original CCC of the 1930s - work on public forests, state and federal parks. The Nevada Conservation Corps is a non-profit organization that partners with public land management agencies such as the Bureau of Land Management, United States Forest Service, National Park Service, and Nevada State Parks to complete conservation and restoration projects throughout Nevada. Conservation work includes fuel reductions through thinning , constructing and maintaining trails, invasive species removal, and performing biological surveys. The Nevada Conservation Corps

12932-426: Was $ 104,873 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 6,397) and the median family income was $ 126,138 (+/− $ 7,410). Males had a median income of $ 90,016 (+/− $ 11,033) versus $ 66,022 (+/− $ 5,055) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 52,488 (+/− $ 3,094). About 1.3% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over. As of

13054-467: Was $ 30,938, and the median income for a family was $ 34,038. Males had a median income of $ 31,296 versus $ 21,719 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 15,534. About 9.4% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 20.8% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over. Linesville is within the Conneaut School District and is home to

13176-399: Was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.16. In the township the population was distributed with 25.4% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males. The median income for

13298-472: Was 300,000. Through the course of its nine years in operation, three million young men took part in the CCC, which provided them with shelter, clothing, and food, together with a monthly wage of $ 30 (equivalent to $ 706 in 2023), $ 25 of which (equivalent to $ 588 in 2023) had to be sent home to their families. The American public made the CCC the most popular of all the New Deal programs. Sources written at

13420-473: Was a summer program for disadvantaged youth, although it has grown into an AmeriCorps-sponsored non-profit organization with six regional offices that serve Montana, Idaho , Wyoming , North Dakota , and South Dakota . All regions also offer Montana YES (Youth Engaged in Service) summer programs for teenagers who are 14 to 17 years old. Established in 1995, Environmental Corps, now Texas Conservation Corps (TxCC),

13542-420: Was a voluntary government work relief program that ran from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men ages 18–25 and eventually expanded to ages 17–28. The CCC was a major part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal that supplied manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state, and local governments. The CCC

13664-539: Was created through the Great Basin Institute and is part of the AmeriCorps program. Conservation Corps Minnesota & Iowa provides environmental stewardship and service-learning opportunities to youth and young adults while accomplishing conservation, natural resource management projects and emergency response work through its Young Adult Program and the Summer Youth Program. These programs emphasize

13786-528: Was critical to establishing the association. Similar active programs in the United States are: the National Civilian Community Corps , part of the AmeriCorps program, a team-based national service program in which young adults ages 18–26 spend 10 months working for non-profit and government organizations; and the Civilian Conservation Corps, USA, (CCCUSA) managed by its president, Thomas Hark, in 2016. Hark, his co-founder Mike Rama, currently

13908-571: Was designed to supply jobs for young men and to relieve families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression in the United States . There was eventually a smaller counterpart program for unemployed women called the She-She-She Camps , which were championed by Eleanor Roosevelt . Robert Fechner was the first director of this agency, succeeded by James McEntee following Fechner's death. The largest enrollment at any one time

14030-602: Was elected to serve the balance of the term of office. The Chief of Police is Jeffrey Briel. The Deputy Police Chief is Al Sellinger. Scotch Plains is split between the 7th and 12th Congressional Districts and is part of New Jersey's 22nd state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, all of Scotch Plains had been part of the 7th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on

14152-480: Was extended for three more years by Public Law No. 163, 75th Congress , effective July 1, 1937. Congress changed the age limits to 17–23 years old and changed the requirement that enrollees be on relief to "not regularly in attendance at school, or possessing full-time employment." The 1937 law mandated the inclusion of vocational and academic training for a minimum of 10 hours per week. Students in school were allowed to enroll during summer vacation. During this period,

14274-399: Was first settled by Europeans, including many Scottish Quakers , as early as 1684. The name is said to have come from George Scott, a leader of a group of Scottish settlers. It later served as a stop on the stage coach line between New York City and Philadelphia . The Lenni Lenape were significantly impacted by the establishment of colonies in the 17th century, with colonists taking up

14396-556: Was located in the area of particular conservation work to be performed and organized around a complement of up to 200 civilian enrollees in a designated numbered "company" unit. The CCC camp was a temporary community in itself, structured to have barracks (initially Army tents) for 50 enrollees each, officer/technical staff quarters, medical dispensary, mess hall, recreation hall, educational building, lavatory and showers, technical/administrative offices, tool room/blacksmith shop and motor pool garages. The company organization of each camp had

14518-587: Was selected April 8, and lists of unemployed men were subsequently supplied by state and local welfare and relief agencies for immediate enrollment. On April 17, the first camp, NF-1, Camp Roosevelt , was established at George Washington National Forest near Luray, Virginia . On June 18, the first of 161 soil erosion control camps was opened in Clayton, Alabama . By July 1, 1933, there were 1,463 working camps with 250,000 junior enrollees 18–25 years of age; 28,000 veterans; 14,000 Native Americans ; and 25,000 adults in

14640-546: Was taken to the first camp to see that there was no job training involved beyond simple manual labor. Officers from the U.S. Army were in charge of the camps, but there was no military training. The Chief of Staff of the United States Army , General Douglas MacArthur , was placed in charge of the program. Initially, about 3,800 of the Regular Army 's 13,000 officers and 4,600 of its 120,000 enlisted men were assigned in

14762-568: Was the onion capital of the United States, distributing its fragrant produce via the Erie & Pittsburgh Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Linesville made national news in November 2005 when 18-year-old Christopher Seeley was elected mayor, one of the youngest mayors to serve in a U.S. city to date. Scotch Plains, New Jersey Scotch Plains is a township in Union County , in

14884-435: Was to reduce erosion and improve the value of Indian lands. Crews built dams of many types on creeks, then sowed grass on the eroded areas from which the damming material had been taken. They built roads and planted shelter-belts on federal lands. The steady income helped participants regain self-respect, and many used the funds to improve their lives. John Collier , the federal Commissioner of Indian Affairs and Daniel Murphy,

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