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20-648: The bill to create the California Conservation Corps was co-authored by California State Senator Ruben Ayala . The legislation was signed into law by Governor Jerry Brown on July 7, 1976, modeling the corps after the federal Civilian Conservation Corps that started with Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal in the 1930s. Brown envisioned a department marketed specifically to the state's young people as "a combination Jesuit seminary , Israeli kibbutz , and Marine Corps boot camp." Prominent amongst

40-769: A permanent department under the California Resources Agency in 1983. The duties of operation falling to the CCC include trail maintenance, riparian zone restoration, tree planting and exotic plant species removal, construction, and emergency flood and wildfire response. Other organizations pay the CCC to do the work. Corpsmembers are offered the chance to complete their high school diploma through independent CCC schools and are trained in cooking, office work, chainsaw, and vehicle maintenance. The CCC also encourages corpsmembers to seek higher education or vocational training by offering scholarships. Corpsmembers in some centers across

60-552: A variety of community service and conservation projects, including stadium cleanup, trash pickup and graffiti removal. There are about 200 Corpsmembers employed at any given time. California State Senator Minority The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature , the lower house being the California State Assembly . The state senate convenes, along with

80-546: Is Republican Brian Jones of Santee . Each state senator represents a population roughly equivalent to the State of Delaware . As a result of Proposition 140 in 1990 and Proposition 28 in 2012, members elected to the legislature prior to 2012 are restricted by term limits to two four-year terms (eight years), while those elected in or after 2012 are allowed to serve 12 years in the legislature in any combination of four-year state senate or two-year state assembly terms. Members of

100-686: Is identical to the assembly chamber. Along the cornice appears a portrait of George Washington and the Latin quotation senatoris est civitatis libertatem tueri ("It is the duty of the senator to guard the civil liberties of the Commonwealth"). The secretary, the sergeant-at-arms, and the chaplain are not members of the legislature. Current committees, chairs and vice chairs include: 38°34′36″N 121°29′37″W  /  38.57667°N 121.49361°W  / 38.57667; -121.49361 List of United States representatives from California This

120-407: The "Little Federal Model" by which Assembly seats were drawn according to population and senate seats were drawn according to county lines. The guidelines were that no senate district would include more than three counties and none would include less than one complete county. This led to the situation of a populous county such as Los Angeles County (1960 population of 6 million) being accorded

140-522: The 40 seats, which constitutes a 78% majority—well over the two-thirds supermajority threshold of 27. The 1849 constitution of California provided that the "number of Senators shall not be less than one third, nor more than one half of that of the members of the Assembly..." The 1849 constitution also provided that senators served two-year terms and were to be elected bienally, with the total number of senators being divided into two classes so that one half of

160-590: The California State Senate, each of the 40 state senators represents approximately 931,349 people; almost exactly the population of the entire state of Delaware . This means that California state senators each represent more people than California's members of the House of Representatives , and more than that of five entire U.S. states. In the current legislative session, the Democratic Party holds 31 out of

180-461: The center, is used by the presiding officer (acting in place of the pro tem) and is rarely sat in as the president is expected to stand. There are four other chairs flanking the dais used by the highest non-member officials attending the senate, a foreign dignitary or state officer for example. Each of the 40 senators is provided a desk, microphone and two chairs, one for the senator, another for guests or legislative aides. Almost every decorating element

200-594: The closure of numerous residential centers throughout the state. The CCC has received presidential praise as well as numerous awards for its work. There are Fourteen local conservation corps groups in California that are certified annually by the CCC to offer similar job training, education, and environmental projects in other areas of California. The San Diego local corps was founded in 1989 with help from former Representative Lynn Schenk and then-Mayor Maureen O'Connor , with an initial budget of $ 125,000. They engage in

220-548: The early CCC administrators was war hero B. T. Collins . The CCC replaced the California Ecology Corps that was created by executive order of Governor Ronald Reagan in 1971 as an "alternative service" option for Conscientious Objectors during the Vietnam War . Following the end of his governorship, Brown's successor, Governor George Deukmejian , signed legislation to eliminate the CCC's sunset clause by making it

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240-401: The enactment of the 1879 constitution. In 1962, voters were asked via initiative California Proposition 23 whether to expand the state senate by 10 seats, thereby increasing the size of the body to 50 seats, and to abandon the little federal model. This proposition was rejected by the voters 46.65% - 53.35% (2,181,758 - 2,495,440). The lieutenant governor is the ex officio president of

260-426: The rostrum. The lower tier dais runs across the entire chamber, there are several chairs and computers used by the senate officers, the most prominent seat is reserved for the secretary who calls the roll. The higher tier is smaller, with three chairs, the two largest and most ornate chairs are used by the president pro tempore (right chair) and the lieutenant governor (left chair). The third and smallest chair, placed in

280-536: The same number of state senators (one) as less populous counties such as Alpine County (1960 pop. 397). The senate districts remained unaltered from 1933 to 1967, regardless of the changes in the population distribution. In Reynolds v. Sims , the United States Supreme Court compelled all states to draw up districts with equal population. As such, boundaries were changed to comply with the ruling. The California State Senate has never been expanded since

300-435: The senate, and may only cast a vote to break a tie. The president pro tempore is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full senate. Other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders , are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each party's strength in the chamber. As of 2024, the president pro tempore is Democrat Mike McGuire of Geyserville . The minority leader

320-401: The senators would be elected annually. Following the ratification of the 1879 constitution of California, the constitution prescribed that the senate is composed of 40 senators and that all senators must have resided within California for three years and their district for one year. Such districts were to be "as nearly equal in population as may be, and composed of contiguous territory". There

340-714: The state assembly, at the California State Capitol in Sacramento . Due to a combination of the state's large population and a legislature that has not been expanded since the ratification of the 1879 constitution , the State Senate has the largest population per state senator ratio of any state legislative house. In the United States House of Representatives , California is apportioned 52 U.S. representatives, each representing approximately 750,564 people, while in

360-521: The state participate in CAB (Corpsmember Advisory Board), an employee/ resident board established to be the middle ground. The board is responsible for community check ups and upholding a strong morale among the center's population, as well as bringing up pressing concerns the community faces on a weekly basis. Since 1992, the California Department of Finance has allotted less funding to the CCC, forcing

380-509: The state senate serve four-year terms. Every two years, half of the senate's 40 seats are subject to election. This is in contrast to the state assembly, in which all 80 seats in the assembly are subject to election every two years. The red tones of the California State Senate chamber are based on the British House of Lords , which is outfitted in a similar color. The dais rests along a wall shaped like an "E", with its central projection housing

400-506: Was to be one senate district for each senator. Such districts were also required to preserve political boundaries: "In the formation of such districts, no county, or city and county, shall be divided, unless it contain a sufficient population within itself to form two or more districts; nor shall a part of any county, or of any city and county, be united with any other county, or city and county, in forming any district." Between 1933 and 1967, state legislative districts were drawn according to

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