64-568: The Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives (LHCMA) at King's College London was set up in 1964. The Centre holds the private papers of over 700 senior British defence personnel who held office since 1900. Individual collections range in size from a single file to the 1000 boxes of Captain Sir Basil Liddell Hart 's papers. To these are now being added research materials, notably interview transcripts, collected in connection with television documentaries and academic projects. The scope of
128-673: A Tory response to reassert the educational values of the established order. More widely, King's was one of the first of a series of institutions which came about in the early nineteenth century as a result of the Industrial Revolution and great social changes in England following the Napoleonic Wars . By virtue of its foundation King's has enjoyed the patronage of the monarch , the Archbishop of Canterbury as its visitor and during
192-534: A military hospital in 1915 during World War I. It became the King George Military Hospital, and accommodated about 1,800 patients on 63 wards. Now the largest university building in London, the building was acquired by King's in the 1980s and underwent extensive refurbishment in 2000. The building is named after Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins for their major contributions to the discovery of
256-464: A 50-year lease for the Aldwych Quarter site incorporating the historic Bush House . It has been occupied since 2017. In 2017, former-president and principal Edward Byrne launched Vision 2029, a strategy that seeks to broaden the base of King's, extend the reach of King's, expand access, deliver an extraordinary student experience and strengthen how well the university works together. Strategy 2026
320-587: A Military Department to train officers for the Army and the British East India Company , and in 1846 a Theological Department to train Anglican priests. In 1855, King's pioneered evening classes in London; that King's granted students at the evening classes certificates of college attendance to enable them to sit University of London degree exams was cited as an example of the worthlessness of these certificates in
384-533: A department of War Studies , the only university department of its kind in Great Britain , was established. 51°30′43″N 0°06′58″W / 51.5120°N 0.1162°W / 51.5120; -0.1162 King%27s College London King's College London (informally King's or KCL ) is a public research university located in London , England. King's was established by royal charter in 1829 under
448-497: A letter to Wellington, he accused the Duke to have in mind "insidious designs for the infringement of our liberty and the introduction of Popery into every department of the State". The letter provoked a furious exchange of correspondence and Wellington accused Winchilsea of imputing him with "disgraceful and criminal motives" in setting up King's College London. When Winchilsea refused to retract
512-404: A plan he and his second almost certainly decided upon before the duel; Wellington took aim and fired wide to the right. Accounts differ as to whether Wellington missed on purpose. Wellington, noted for his poor aim, claimed he did, other reports more sympathetic to Winchilsea claimed he had aimed to kill. Honour was saved and Winchilsea wrote Wellington an apology. "Duel Day" is still celebrated on
576-515: A woman, Linetta de Castelvecchio . The end of the war saw an influx of students, which strained existing facilities to the point where some classes were held in the Principal's house. In World War II, the buildings of King's College London were used by the Auxiliary Fire Service with a number of King's staff, mainly those then known as college servants, serving as firewatchers . Parts of
640-1066: Is Waterloo . The St Thomas' Campus in the London Borough of Lambeth , facing the Houses of Parliament across the Thames, houses parts of the School of Medicine and the Dental Institute. The Florence Nightingale Museum is also located here. The museum is dedicated to Florence Nightingale, the founder of the Nightingale Training School of St Thomas' Hospital (now King's Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care). St Thomas' Hospital became part of King's College London School of Medicine in 1998. The St Thomas' Hospital and Campus were named after St Thomas Becket . The Department of Twin Research ( TwinsUk ), King's College London
704-435: Is a list of British universities ordered by their financial endowments , expressed in pounds sterling at fair value . British charity funds are made up of restricted reserves, which can only be used for specific purposes, and unrestricted reserves, which could be used for any activity within the charity's scope. The statement of recommended practice (SORP) defines endowments as specific funds with both restrictions over
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#1732858541265768-524: Is a founding member of the King's Health Partners academic health sciences centre , Francis Crick Institute and MedCity . It is the largest European centre for graduate and post-graduate medical teaching and biomedical research, by number of students, and includes the world's first nursing school, the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery . King's is generally regarded as part of
832-458: Is based. Its academic activities are organised into nine faculties, which are subdivided into numerous departments, centres, and research divisions. In 2022/23, King's had a total income of £1.230 billion, of which £236.3 million was from research grants and contracts. It has the fourth largest endowment of any university in the United Kingdom, and the largest of any in London. King's
896-723: Is located in St. Thomas' Hospital. The nearest Underground station is Westminster . Denmark Hill Campus is situated in south London near the borders of the London Borough of Lambeth and the London Borough of Southwark in Camberwell and is the only campus not situated on the River Thames. The campus consists of King's College Hospital , the Maudsley Hospital and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN). In addition to
960-656: Is located on the Strand in the City of Westminster , sharing its frontage along the River Thames . The original campus comprises the Grade I listed King's Building of 1831 designed by Sir Robert Smirke , and the King's College London Chapel redesigned in 1864 by Sir Gilbert Scott , with the subsequent purchase of much of adjacent Surrey Street (including the Norfolk and Chesham Buildings) since
1024-696: Is the fifth-largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment and receives over 69,000 undergraduate applications per year (36,000 domestic and 33,000 international). King's is a member of academic organisations including the Association of Commonwealth Universities , the European University Association , and the Russell Group . King's is home to the Medical Research Council 's MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and
1088-615: The Francis Crick Institute , committing £40 million to the project. The Chemistry department was reopened in 2011 following its closure in 2003. In February 2012, Her Majesty The Queen officially opened Somerset House East Wing. In September 2014, King's College London opened King's College London Mathematics School , a free school sixth form located in Lambeth that specialises in mathematics. In October 2014, Ed Byrne replaced Rick Trainor as Principal of King's College London,
1152-685: The GKT School of Medical Education . Also in 1998 Florence Nightingale 's original training school for nurses merged with the King's Department of Nursing Studies as the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery . The same year King's acquired the former Public Record Office building on Chancery Lane and converted it at a cost of £35 million into the Maughan Library , which opened in 2002. In July 2006, King's College London
1216-574: The Hepatitis D genome , and the Higgs boson ; pioneers of in-vitro fertilisation , stem cell / mammal cloning and the modern hospice movement; and key researchers advancing radar, radio, television and mobile phones. Alumni also include heads of states, governments and intergovernmental organisations; seventeen members of the current House of Commons , two Speakers of the House of Commons and thirteen members of
1280-549: The Korean and Falklands Wars and the Gulf Crisis ; the latter two are covered by contemporary interview transcripts. Many significant collections reflect the revolution in weapon technology in the 20th century and the re-evaluation of tactics and strategy which necessarily followed on from the invention of the tank and the development of air power . There is also much on the debate over nuclear issues. The Centre's web site hosts
1344-478: The Location Register of Twentieth Century Defence Personnel , a database of some 3000 British defence personnel who achieved the ranks above and including Major General , Air Vice Marshal and Rear Admiral between the years 1900-1975. The archives are open to readers able to demonstrate the seriousness of their interest in the papers. Military studies have been taught at King's College since 1927 and in 1953
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#17328585412651408-787: The Southbank Centre in the London Borough of Lambeth and consists of the James Clerk Maxwell Building, the Franklin – Wilkins Building and the Waterloo Bridge Wing Building. Cornwall House, now the Franklin-Wilkins Building, constructed between 1912 and 1915 was originally the His Majesty's Stationery Office (responsible for Crown copyright and National Archives ), but was requisitioned for use as
1472-725: The United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery (in 1998). King's has five campuses: its historic Strand Campus in central London, three other Thames -side campuses (Guy's, St Thomas' and Waterloo) nearby and one in Denmark Hill in south London . It also has a presence in Shrivenham , Oxfordshire , for its professional military education, and another in Newquay , Cornwall , where its information service centre
1536-450: The " golden triangle " of universities located in the cities of Oxford, Cambridge and London. King's has often had royal patronage by virtue of its foundation, with the late Queen Elizabeth II having been patron and her son King Charles III taking over patronage in May 2024. King's alumni and staff include 14 Nobel laureates ; contributors to the discovery of DNA structure, Hepatitis C ,
1600-663: The 1829 charter (although King's remained incorporated under that charter). The act also changed King's College London from a (technically) for-profit corporation to a non-profit one (no dividends had ever been paid in over 50 years of operation) and extended the objects of King's to include the education of women. The Ladies' Department of King's College London was opened in Kensington Square in 1885, which later in 1902 became King's College Women's Department. The King's College London Act 1903 ( 3 Edw. 7 . c. xcii) abolished all remaining religious tests for staff, except within
1664-624: The Guy's Campus including activity rooms, meeting rooms alongside a student cafe; The Shed and student bar; Guy's Bar. Guy's Campus is located opposite the Old Operating Theatre Museum , which was part of old St Thomas Hospital in Southwark. The nearest Underground stations are London Bridge and Borough . The Waterloo Campus is located across Waterloo Bridge from the Strand Campus, near
1728-744: The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, parts of the Dental Institute and School of Medicine, and a large hall of residence, King's College Hall, are situated here. Other buildings include the campus library known as the Weston Education Centre (WEC), the James Black Centre, the Rayne Institute (haemato-oncology) and the Cicely Saunders Institute ( palliative care ). The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute
1792-605: The King's Buildings between 2004 and 2006, and renovation of the East Wing of Somerset House between 2009 (when the college secured a 78 year lease) and 2012, and the completion of the £10 million Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care on the Denmark Hill campus. More recently, a £42 million development for the Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute was completed in 2016, and a sports pavilion
1856-665: The Office of the President and Principal. Since 2010, the campus has expanded rapidly to incorporate the East Wing of Somerset House and the Virginia Woolf Building next to LSE on Kingsway . It has also expanded to incorporate Bush House , which formerly housed the BBC World Service . The nearest Underground stations are Temple , Charing Cross and Covent Garden . Guy's Campus is situated close to London Bridge and
1920-653: The Second World War and the 1972 Strand Building. The Macadam Building of 1975 houses the Strand Campus Students' Union and is named after King's alumnus Sir Ivison Macadam , first President of the National Union of Students . The Strand Campus houses the arts and science faculties of King's, including the faculties of Arts & Humanities , Law , Business, Social Science & Public Policy and Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences. It also houses
1984-464: The Senior department teaching was divided into three courses: a general course comprised divinity, classical languages, mathematics, English literature and history; a medical course; and miscellaneous subjects, such as law, political economy and modern languages, which were not related to any systematic course of study at the time and depended for their continuance on the supply of occasional students. In 1833
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2048-804: The Shard on the South Bank of the Thames and is home to the Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine and the Dental Institute. The campus is named for Thomas Guy , the founder and benefactor of Guy's Hospital established in 1726 in the London Borough of Southwark . Buildings include: the Henriette Raphael building, constructed in 1902, the Gordon Museum of Pathology , the Hodgkin building, Shepherd's House and Guy's Chapel. The Students' Union has extensive facilities on
2112-522: The Strand Quadrangle between the King's Building and Somerset House was announced in April 2012. This was completed in 2022. As well as the creation of new social spaces in the quadrangle, the space beneath the quadrangle was redeveloped to provide 3,000 square metres of new laboratories and teaching spaces for the department of engineering. List of UK universities by endowment The following
2176-521: The Strand building, the quadrangle , and the roof of apse and stained glass windows of the chapel suffered bomb damage in the Blitz . During the post-war reconstruction, the vaults beneath the quadrangle were replaced by a two-storey laboratory, which opened in 1952, for the departments of Physics and Civil and Electrical Engineering. One of the most famous pieces of scientific research performed at King's were
2240-562: The Strand designed by E. D. Jefferiss Mathews was opened in 1972. In 1980 King's regained its legal independence under a new Royal Charter. In 1993 King's, along with other large University of London colleges, gained direct access to government funding (which had previously been through the university) and the right to confer University of London degrees itself. This contributed to King's and the other large colleges being regarded as de facto universities in their own right. King's College London underwent several mergers with other institutions in
2304-617: The Theological department. In 1910, King's was (with the exception of the Theological department) merged into the University of London under the King's College London (Transfer) Act 1908 ( 8 Edw. 7 . c. xxxix), losing its legal independence. During the First World War, the medical school was opened to women for the first time. From 1916 to 1921, the college's Department of Italian was headed by
2368-569: The UK armed services through the Joint Services Command and Staff College since 2000 under contract to the Ministry of Defence . Between 1999 and 2010, more than half of King's activities were moved into new or refurbished buildings. Major projects in this period included a £40 million renovation of the former public records office to become the Maughan Library in 2002, a £40 million renovation of
2432-434: The crucial contributions to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA in 1953 by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin , together with Raymond Gosling , Alex Stokes , Herbert Wilson , and other colleagues at the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics at King's. Major reconstruction of King's began in 1966 following the publication of the Robbins Report on Higher Education. A new block facing
2496-414: The current House of Lords ; and the recipients of three Oscars , three Grammys , one Emmy , one Golden Globe , and one Booker Prize . King's College, so named to indicate the patronage of King George IV , was founded in 1829 (though the roots of King's medical school, St. Thomas, date back to the 16th century with recorded first teaching in 1561) in response to the theological controversy surrounding
2560-420: The decision by the University of London to end the affiliated colleges system in 1858 and open their examinations to everyone. The King's College London Act 1882 ( 45 & 46 Vict. c. xiii) amended the constitution. The act removed the proprietorial nature of King's, changing the name of the corporation from "The Governors and Proprietors of King's College, London" to "King's College London" and annulling
2624-429: The donor (unrestricted) and "with no requirement for maintenance of the original capital" from being treated as endowment. While restrictive funds are not considered endowments under the SORP's accounting guidance, institutions sometimes use the term "endowments" broadly to refer to the sum of all funds that generate income for the institution's operation and activities. Figures listed below account for funds defined by
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2688-415: The endowments' income and intention from the donors to establish such endowments. In addition, these reserves must either be held indefinitely and cannot be converted into income without permission (known as permanent endowment funds) or could be converted into income at trustees' discretion (known as expendable endowment). Updated SORP guidance published in 2007 prohibits donations with no specific purpose by
2752-433: The fact that King's is a constituent college of the University of London. All current students with at least one year of study remaining were in August 2007 offered the option of choosing to be awarded a University of London degree or a King's degree. The first King's degrees were awarded in summer 2008. In April 2011, King's became a founding partner in the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation, subsequently renamed
2816-401: The first Thursday after 21 March every year, marked by various events throughout King's, including reenactments. King's opened in October 1831 with the cleric William Otter appointed as first principal and lecturer in divinity. The Archbishop of Canterbury presided over the opening ceremony, in which a sermon was given in the chapel by Charles James Blomfield , the Bishop of London , on
2880-418: The founding of "London University" (which later became University College, London ) in 1826. London University was founded, with the backing of Utilitarians , Jews and Nonconformists , as a secular institution, intended to educate "the youth of our middling rich people between the ages of 15 or 16 and 20 or later" giving its nickname, "the godless college in Gower Street". The need for such an institution
2944-444: The general course was reorganised leading to the award of the Associate of King's College (AKC), the first qualification issued by King's. The course, which concerns questions of ethics and theology, is still awarded today to students and staff who take an optional three-year course alongside their studies. The river frontage was completed in April 1835 at a cost of £7,100, its completion a condition of King's College London securing
3008-409: The holdings is vast, from high level defence policy and strategic planning as, for example, in the papers of Field Marshal Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke and General Hastings Lionel Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay down to the command of individual units in the field. The Second Boer War is strongly represented and subsequently almost every major campaign in which British troops have fought, including
3072-460: The late 20th century. These including the reincorporation in 1983 of the King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, which had become independent of King's College Hospital at the foundation of the National Health Service in 1948, mergers with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College in 1985, and the Institute of Psychiatry in 1997. In 1998 the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals merged with King's to form
3136-447: The latter having served for 10 years. In December 2014, King's announced its plans to rebrand its name to 'King's London'. It was emphasised that there were no plans to change the legal name of King's, and that the name 'King's London' was designed to promote King's and to highlight the fact that King's is a university in its own right. King's announced that the rebranding plans had been dropped in January 2015. In 2015, King's acquired
3200-668: The medical schools at the London hospitals could confer degrees. In 1835 the government announced that it would establish an examining board to grant degrees, with "London University" and King's both becoming affiliated colleges. This became the University of London in 1836, the former "London University" becoming University College, London (UCL). The first University of London degrees were awarded to King's College London students in 1839. In 1840, King's opened its own hospital on Portugal Street near Lincoln's Inn Fields , an area composed of overcrowded rookeries characterised by poverty and disease. The governance of King's College Hospital
3264-433: The nineteenth century counted among its official governors the Lord Chancellor , Speaker of the House of Commons and the Lord Mayor of London . The simultaneous support of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (who was also Prime Minister of the United Kingdom then), for an Anglican King's College London and the Roman Catholic Relief Act , which was to lead to the granting of almost full civil rights to Catholics,
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#17328585412653328-433: The patronage of King George IV and the Duke of Wellington . In 1836, King's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London . It is one of the oldest university-level institutions in England . In the late 20th century, King's grew through a series of mergers, including with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology (in 1985), the Institute of Psychiatry (in 1997),
3392-400: The remarks, Wellington – by his own admission, "no advocate of duelling" and a virgin duellist – demanded satisfaction in a contest of arms: "I now call upon your lordship to give me that satisfaction for your conduct which a gentleman has a right to require, and which a gentleman never refuses to give." The result was a duel in Battersea Fields on 21 March 1829. Winchilsea did not fire,
3456-483: The site from the Crown. Unlike those in the school, student numbers in the Senior department remained almost stationary during King's first five years of existence. During this time the medical school was blighted by inefficiency and the divided loyalties of the staff leading to a steady decline in attendance. One of the most important appointments was that of Charles Wheatstone as professor of Experimental Philosophy. At this time neither King's, "London University", nor
3520-439: The structure of DNA. Today it is home to: The adjacent James Clerk Maxwell Building houses the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care and many of the central professional services functions of the college. The Building was named after Scottish mathematical physicist James Clerk Maxwell , who was the Professor of Natural Philosophy at King's from 1860 to 1865. The nearest Underground station
3584-416: The subject of combining religious instruction with intellectual culture. Despite the attempts to make King's Anglican-only, the initial prospectus permitted, "nonconformists of all sorts to enter the college freely". William Howley : the governors and the professors, except the linguists, had to be members of the Church of England but the students did not, though attendance at chapel was compulsory. King's
3648-405: Was a result of the religious and social nature of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, which then educated solely the sons of wealthy Anglicans . The secular nature of London University gained disapproval, indeed, "the storms of opposition which raged around it threatened to crush every spark of vital energy which remained". The creation of King's College as a rival institution represented
3712-419: Was announced in 2022 as a refreshed path towards delivering Vision 2029, with four fundamental priorities: Enabling student success; A thriving King's staff community; Sustainable research and innovation excellence; Knowledge with purpose. In 2024, King's announced a major £45.5 million investment in science talent, research, education and infrastructure. The Strand Campus is the founding campus of King's and
3776-536: Was challenged by George Finch-Hatton, 10th Earl of Winchilsea , in early 1829. Winchilsea and his supporters wished for King's to be subject to the Test Acts , like the universities of Oxford , where only members of the Church of England could matriculate , and Cambridge , where non-Anglicans could matriculate but not graduate, but this was not Wellington's intent. Winchilsea and about 150 other contributors withdrew their support of King's College London in response to Wellington's support of Catholic emancipation . In
3840-462: Was constructed at Honor Oar Park Sportsground in 2016. The Strand Campus redevelopment won the Green Gown Award in 2007 for sustainable construction. The award recognised the "reduced energy and carbon emissions from a sustainable refurbishment of the historic South Range of the King's Building". King's was also the recipient of the 2003 City Heritage Award for the conversion of the Grade II* listed Maughan Library . A £20 million redevelopment of
3904-442: Was divided into a senior department and a junior department, also known as King's College School , which was originally situated in the basement of the Strand Campus. The Junior department started with 85 pupils and only three teachers, but quickly grew to 500 by 1841, outgrowing its facilities and leading it to relocate to Wimbledon in 1897 where it remains today, though it is no longer associated with King's College London. Within
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#17328585412653968-403: Was granted degree-awarding powers in its own right, as opposed to through the University of London , by the Privy Council . This power remained unexercised until 2007, when King's announced that all students starting courses from September 2007 onwards would be awarded degrees conferred by King's itself, rather than by the University of London. The new certificates however still make reference to
4032-441: Was later transferred to the corporation of the hospital established by the King's College Hospital Act 1851. The hospital moved to new premises in Denmark Hill , Camberwell in 1913. The appointment in 1877 of Joseph Lister as professor of clinical surgery greatly benefited the medical school, and the introduction of Lister's antiseptic surgical methods gained the hospital an international reputation. In 1845 King's established
4096-518: Was opened by the Princess Royal in 2015 at the Denmark Hill Campus. It is named after British philanthropist Maurice Wohl , who had a long association with King's and supported many medical projects. The nearest Overground station is Denmark Hill . Whilst not a formal campus, King's retains an academic presence and estate at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom in Shrivenham , Oxfordshire . Through its Defence Studies Department, King's has delivered professional military training to much of
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