66-563: Newquay ( / ˈ nj uː k i / NEW -kee ; Standard Written Form : Tewynblustri ) is a town on the north coast in Cornwall , England, United Kingdom. It is a civil parish , seaside resort , regional centre for aerospace industries with an airport and a spaceport , and a fishing port on the North Atlantic coast of Cornwall , approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Truro and 20 miles (32 km) west of Bodmin . The town
132-520: A variant graph by RLC when i is diphthongised to [əɪ] in stressed open syllables. ^3 Used in hiatus. ^4 A few monosyllables may keep the more conservative pronunciation [ʊɪ] in RLC, e.g. Cornish : moy [mʊɪ] "more", Cornish : oy [ʊɪ] "egg". ^5 Given as [yʊ] in the original Specification but as [ʏʊ] in the updated online dictionary. ^6 The variant graph ew may be used instead of yw to represent
198-430: A , l , o , r and u Richard Carew (antiquary) Richard Carew (17 July 1555 – 6 November 1620) was a Cornish translator and antiquary . He is best known for his county history , Survey of Cornwall (1602). Carew belonged to a prominent gentry family, and was the eldest son of Thomas Carew : he was born on 17 July 1555 at East Antony , Cornwall. He was educated at Christ Church , Oxford , where he
264-661: A Local Board was formed in Newquay. The Local Government Act 1894 established urban and rural districts in England and Wales, and one result was the creation of Newquay Urban District. Newquay Urban District Council would be abolished in 1974 as part of local government reorganisation. In that year, the Local Government Act 1972 came into effect, resulting in the merger of the borough of St. Austell with Fowey , Newquay urban district and St Austell Rural District . The new council
330-508: A dark reddish-brown and by the flocks of seagulls which dived down to feed on the fish. The huer would announce the arrival by shouting "hevva, hevva" or through the use of a trumpet after which he would direct the townsfolk to the fish by waving tree branches above his head. The word huer has the same derivation as the "hue" in hue and cry , after this action. The Huer's Hut at Newquay has been described as "a particularly fine late mediaeval specimen". The listed building description states that
396-697: A double consonant or a consonant cluster, e.g. Cornish : ass RMC [as] , RLC [æs] "how"; Cornish : hons RMC [hɔns] , RLC [hɔnz] "yonder". Exceptions are that long vowels precede st , e.g. Cornish : lost RMC & RLC [lɔːst] "tail", and also sk and sp in RMC, e.g. Cornish : Pask [paːsk] "Easter". Stressed vowels in polysyllables are short except in the case of conservative RMC speakers, who may pronounce vowels long before single consonants and st (and, for some, sk and sp ), e.g. Cornish : gwagen RMC [gwa(ː)gɛn] , RLC [gwægɐn] "a blank". ^1 May be reduced to [ɐ] when unstressed, which
462-486: A few remain. Excavations here have revealed charred cooking pots and a coarse pottery burial urn containing remains of a Bronze Age chieftain, who was buried here up to 3,500 years ago. In 1987, evidence of a Bronze Age village was found at Trethellan Farm , a site that overlooks the River Gannel. The first signs of settlement in the Newquay region consist of a late Iron Age hill fort/industrial centre which exploited
528-575: A good 1.5 miles (2 km) inland from the viaduct. Other growth areas have been on the fringes of St Columb Minor and also towards the Gannel. More development beyond Treninnick, south of the Trenance Valley, has taken the urban area out as far as Lane, where more building is now under way. The Trennnick/Treloggan development, mainly in the 1970s and 1980s, included not merely housing but also an industrial estate and several large commercial outlets, including
594-588: A hub of local trade, with farmers parking wagons of grain in the square and conducting business inside the inn. Richard Carew ’s Survey of Cornwall , published in 1602, includes the lines: “Neyther may I omit newe Kaye, a place in the North coast of this Hundred, so called, because in former times, the neighbours attempted, to supplie the defect of nature, by Art, in making there a Kay, for the Rode of shipping, which conceyt they still retayne, though want of means in themselves, or
660-563: A major supermarket and a cash and carry warehouse. One of the worst hotel fires in Britain for many years occurred in 2007 at the Penhallow Hotel, which overlooked Towan beach. Three people were killed because the hotel management had not complied with fire safety standards. The building was later demolished and replaced by a new structure. The first phase of a new Duchy of Cornwall development began to be built in 2012 at Tregunnel Hill, which
726-552: A place of about twelve houses called Towan Blystra, a furlong further to the New Quay in St Columb Parish , here is a little pier, the north point of which is fixed on a rock, the end in a cliff; at the eastern end there is a gap cult [cut] about 25 feet wide into the slaty rock of the cliff: This gap lets small ships into a basin which may hold about six ships of about 80 tons burthen and at spring tides has 18 feet of water in it, upon
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#1732844657662792-458: A regular Sunday supply of preachers from Plymouth , Torquay , and Truro. The first Methodist chapel was built in 1833, at a cost of £170. It was originally built as Crantock Street Methodist Chapel in 1833, the second such Methodist building in Newquay. Some members left in 1852, while the rest moved to the Steps Chapel in 1865. Following a visit by General Bramwell Booth in 1924, the building
858-447: A single different sound in RLC, the SWF uses what it terms umbrella graphs . Where an umbrella graph is considered unworkable, variant graphs may be used to spell a word. The SWF does not stipulate that either only RMC or RLC variant graphs must be used, for instance, a typical TC speaker will choose the letters that best reflect their own pronunciation. A third set of alternative letters
924-491: A supplier. She opened a factory in Crantock Street, which has since been converted into housing. Several competing knitting companies were also set up in the town in this period. In the early 1950s, the last houses were built along Henver Road. After that, there was a virtually continuous building line on both sides of the main road from the other side of St Columb Minor right into the town centre. The Doublestiles estate to
990-462: A third edition of the SWF was published by the Akademi Kernewek , incorporating the decisions of the 2014 review and work over the subsequent decade. The Standard Written Form recognises Revived Middle Cornish ( RMC ), Tudor Cornish ( TC ), and Revived Late Cornish ( RLC ) as variants of equal standing on which it bases its system. The original 2008 Specification states that "[t]he orthography as
1056-488: A universally acceptable, inclusive, and neutral orthography". It was the outcome of a process initiated by the creation of the public body Cornish Language Partnership , which identified a need to agree on a single standard orthography in order to end previous orthographical disagreements, secure government funding, and increase the use of Cornish in Cornwall . The new form was agreed in May 2008 after two years of negotiations, and
1122-427: A whole leans toward a Middle Cornish base, since in many cases the correct RLC or TC pronunciation can be deduced from an RMC form, but not vice versa". Unstressed vowels are always short. Stressed vowels in monosyllables are long when followed by a single consonant or by nothing, e.g. Cornish : gwag RMC [gwaːg] , RLC [gwæːg] "empty", Cornish : lo RMC [lɔː] , RLC [loː] "spoon", and short when followed by
1188-582: Is bounded to the south by the River Gannel and its associated salt marsh, and to the north-east by the Porth Valley. The western edge of the town meets the Atlantic at Fistral Bay . The town has been expanding inland (south) since the former fishing village of New Quay began to grow in the second half of the nineteenth century. In 2001, the census recorded a permanent population of 19,562, increasing to 20,342 at
1254-427: Is given as [ə] in the original Specification but as [ɐ] in the updated online dictionary. ^2 Unrounded to [ɛ] when unstressed. ^3 Given as [œ] in the original Specification but as [øː] in the updated online dictionary. ^4 Often realised as [əɪ] in RLC in stressed open syllables, in which case it is written with the variant graph ei . ^5 Can either represent [ɔ] ,
1320-466: Is not shown in writing. As an example, Cornish : Penn Sans has been transliterated into English as Penzance reflecting pronunciation. At times, the various varieties of revived Cornish differ in their pronunciation of sounds. A number of strategies are employed in the Standard Written Form to deal with these differences and make the system usable for all. When a RMC sound is consistently
1386-464: Is now part of suburban Newquay. Treninnick was then part of the manor of Coswarth and consisted of one virgate (value 15d) [some 30 acres or 12 hectares] with five sheep. The village of Crantock is the only other recognisable name in the Newquay area also recorded in Domesday Book, (as "Langoroch"). In 1439, Edmund Lacey , Bishop of Exeter granted an Indulgence to build a new quay from which
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#17328446576621452-508: Is reflected in spelling, e.g. TC Cornish : menedh [ˈmɛnɐθ] , RLC Cornish : mena [ˈmɛnɐ] "mountain". ^4 [v] often occurs morpheme-initially before vowels. The mutation of [f] to [v] found in some varieties of Cornish is not shown in writing. ^5 A few words spelt with mm and nn lack pre-occlusion in RLC. These include words thought to have entered the language after pre-occlusion occurred, e.g. Cornish : gramm "gramme", and words that fell out of use by
1518-538: Is the traditional graphs . As the name implies, these spellings are closer to those traditionally employed by Cornish writers, and so are preferred by some Cornish speakers today. Although traditional graphs are considered correct and may be used freely by individuals, they are unlike variant graphs in that they do not have equal standing with standard graphs and "will not appear in elementary language textbooks or in official documents produced by public bodies". ^1 When unstressed and word final ^2 Before
1584-708: The Aerohub enterprise zone for aerospace businesses was set up at Newquay Airport . In September 2014, the UK's Homes and Communities Agency and the European Regional Development Fund agreed to fund the construction of a £6 million Aerohub Business Park there. A plan to launch space vehicles from a new spaceport alongside the airport moved ahead in July 2018 when a contract was signed with Virgin Orbit . The first launch from
1650-609: The Blessed Virgin . The St Michael, chapel-of-ease continued to serve the people of Newquay until 1911 when the chapel was sold to the Women's Institute which owned it for a number of years until it was sold again to FW Woolworth for a new store. The chapel was demolished in 1937. The Roman Catholic Church of the Holy Trinity is earlier, having been built in 1903: until 1985 it was dependent on monks from Bodmin but then became part of
1716-549: The Diocese of Plymouth . There have also been Wesleyan and Bible Christian chapels in the town, the Wesleyan being a fine (picturesque) building of 1904. Standard Written Form The Standard Written Form or SWF ( Cornish : Furv Skrifys Savonek ) of the Cornish language is an orthography standard that is designed to "provide public bodies and the educational system with
1782-478: The Second World War , by which time much of Henver Road had houses on both sides, with considerable infilling also taking place between there and the sea. A thriving knitting industry became established in Newquay in the early part of the 20th century. In 1905, Madame Hawke began selling machine-knitted garments in a shop in the centre of the town. Debenhams was sent a sample of her work and commissioned her as
1848-586: The Victoria (1899), the Atlantic (1892) and the Headland (1900) near Fistral , Many smaller hotels were also being opened. Some were created around the turn of the century by converting large houses, many of which had been built originally by wealthy visitors as holiday homes , particularly along Narrowcliff. Three churches were built early in the twentieth century, including the present day parish church of St Michael
1914-503: The 19th century, where pilchards were salted and packed in casks. The two remaining areas are Fly cellars and Active cellars, although the others have disappeared. A mansion called the Tower was built for the Molesworth family in 1835: it included a castellated tower and a private chapel as they were Roman Catholics and no church for that denomination existed in the area. The Tower later became
1980-421: The 2011 census and 23,600 in 2021. Recent estimates suggest that the total population for the wider Newquay area (Newquay and St Columb Community Network Area) was 27,682 in 2017, projected to rise to 33,463 by 2025. There are some pre-historic burial mounds and an embankment on the area now known as The Barrowfields , 400 m (440 yd) from Trevelgue. There were once up to fifteen barrows, but now only
2046-528: The Archangel , which was consecrated in 1911. Growth of the town eastwards soon reached the area around the railway station : Station Road became Cliff Road around 1930, and the houses beyond, along Narrowcliff, were also converted into hotels. Narrowcliff was known for a while as Narrowcliff Promenade, and then Narrowcliff Road. On some pre-war maps, it is spelt Narrowcliffe. At the time of the First World War
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2112-550: The Central Inn now stands. About 200 meters (660 feet) away was another settlement called "New Quay," referring to a small harbour within the Manor of Towan Blystra. Despite occasional confusion, "Towan Blystra" is not a Cornish equivalent of Newquay, and there is no historical record of the name "Newquay" being rendered in Cornish . The two settlements were connected by a track that eventually became today's Fore Street. The local economy at
2178-544: The RLC period, e.g. Cornish : gonn "I know". ^6 The distribution of [s] and [z] differs in each variety of Cornish. Some rules are common to almost all speakers, e.g. final s and medial s between vowels or a sonorant and a vowel are usually [z] , whereas other rules are specific to certain varieties, e.g. RMC speakers usually realise initial s as [s] whereas RLC tend to prefer [z] (except in such clusters as sk , sl , sn , sp and st ). The mutation of [s] to [z] found in some varieties of Cornish
2244-538: The UK government and the European Union . In June 2009, the Gorsedh Kernow voted overwhelmingly to adopt the Standard Written Form. In 2013, the SWF was reviewed in a process intended to identify problems and issues with the orthography. A small number of changes were made to the SWF, which made the orthography easier for learners and went some way to reducing the spelling difference between dialects. In 2021,
2310-465: The approach to the town's new cottage hospital at its far end, to be followed by others in the same area near the station, such as Pargolla Road. More recent development has been on a larger scale: until the late 1960s, a passenger arriving by train would not have seen a building by the line (with the exception of Trencreek village) until the Trenance Viaduct was reached. Today, the urban area starts
2376-468: The brow of the cliff is a dwelling house and a commodious cellar lately built." The first national British census of 1801 recorded around 1,300 inhabitants in the settlement which would have include the small settlements which would become Newquay (enumerated as a village under St Columb Minor parish). In 1832 the London-based entrepreneur Richard Lomax bought the manor of Towan Blystra. This included
2442-406: The current structure dates from the late 18th and early 19th centuries, though a plaque on the structure claims 14th-century origins. The plaque also states that the structure may have been used at an earlier time as a hermitage and lighthouse . The structure was restored in 1836, at which point the fireplace may have been significantly altered. It received protection as a listed building (under
2508-606: The first to have a building. The Newquay Baptist Church , formerly the Ebenezer Baptist Chapel founded in 1822, is one of the oldest religious buildings in Newquay. The worshippers at Ebenezer were Strict and Particular, or Calvinistic Baptists . Before the Baptist chapel was built the Strict Baptists formed themselves into a community and met for worship in the old malthouse opposite Primrose House on Beach Road. They had
2574-469: The fish were dried and packed in barrels. Lomax began the construction of the north and south quay, but he died in 1837 before his harbour had been completed. The harbour was at its most prosperous in the 25 years following its purchase in the 1870s by the Cornwall Minerals Railway . In 1872 the middle jetty was added to expand capacity. To the north of the harbour there were fish cellars in
2640-520: The golf club house. After the arrival of passenger trains in June 1876, the town started to develop with many rows of private houses and hotels began to emerge. Several major hotels were built around the end of the 19th century, the first being the Great Western Hotel which opened in 1879 on Station Road, now Cliff Road. The original hotel was rebuilt in the 1930s. Other early first-class hotels included
2706-552: The inn in the 1850s as being "two or three hundred years old" and in a state of disrepair,. The inn was rebuilt in 1859, and was known as the Commercial Inn until early in the 20th century. Dr William Borlase , who was a Cornish antiquarian and the Rector of Ludgvan , visited Towan Blystra in 1755 during a tour of Cornwall. He wrote: "Passed the Ganel and went about a mile further to
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2772-479: The last buildings at the edge of the town were a little further along present-day Narrowcliff. Post-war development saw new houses and streets built in the Chester Road area, accompanied by ribbon development along the country lane which led to St Columb Minor, some 2 miles (3 km) away. This thoroughfare was modernised and named Henver Road, also some time in the 1930s. Development continued in this direction until
2838-606: The library and information service, public toilets as well as managing the Killacourt open space and one car park. The Member of Parliament for St Austell and Newquay is Noah Law ( Labour ), who won the seat in the General Election of 4 July 2024. The previous MP was Steve Double ( Conservative ) who had been MP for the constituency since it was created in 2010. He was re-elected in 2015 and 2019. On 1 May 2024 Newquay town councillors selected Cllr Drew Creek as Mayor for
2904-526: The medicine of Galen. ) Carew was a member of the Elizabethan Society of Antiquaries , and is particularly known for his Survey of Cornwall (1602), the second English county history to appear in print. Later editions were published in 1723, 1769 and 1811, and Davies Gilbert published an index in his Cornwall , vol. 4, pp. 381–92. He also published an Epistle concerning the Excellencies of
2970-402: The name "Huer's House") on 24 October 1951 and is currently categorised as grade II* The origins of the original inn on the site of the present Central Inn are unclear. An inn was recorded on this site in 1755, which was probably built of freestone and topped with a thatched roof, later slate. It served as an early place of trade. In her publication "Old Newquay," Sarah Teague Husband described
3036-482: The nearby abundant resources (including deposits of iron) and the superior natural defences provided by Trevelgue Head . It is claimed that occupation of the site was continuous from the 3rd century BC to the 5th or 6th century AD. A Dark Ages house was later built on the head. The settlement which is now known as Newquay was not mentioned in Domesday Book , although a parcel of land was recorded at Treninnick, which
3102-552: The next 12 months. Outgoing mayor Cllr Margaret North is now deputy mayor. The first Methodist preaching at Newquay was recorded by Richard Treffy in 1802, an innkeeper, Carter, being the host. In 1810, preacher William O'Bryan came to Newquay and formed the nucleus of the first Methodist Society. The Society, later known as the Bible Christians or ' Bryanites ', built a chapel in the Deer Park, now Sydney Road. The Baptists were
3168-491: The north of Henver Road was also built in the early 1950s, as the name of Coronation Way indicates, and further development continued beyond, becoming the Lewarne Estate and extending the built up area to the edges of Porth. Other areas also developed in the period between the wars were Pentire (known for a time as West Newquay) and the Trenance Valley. Other streets dating from the 1920s included St Thomas Road, which provided
3234-653: The original Specification but as [ʏ] in the updated online dictionary. Reduced to [ɪ] when unstressed. ^10 Changed to [ɪʊ] when stressed and word-final or before gh . In a small number of words, u can represent [ʊ] when short or [uː] or [ɪʊ] when long in TC and RLC. The 2013 Review recommends these be spelt optionally as ù and û respectively in "dictionaries and teaching materials". ^11 Can be pronounced [ɛ, eː] and therefore spelt e in TC and RLC. ^1 Loanword spelt with aw are often pronounced [ɒ(ː)] in TC and RLC . ^2 Used as
3300-459: The place, have left the effect in Nubibus [unfulfilled].” In 1615 Thomas Stuer, who was Lord of the Manor , applied for permission to build a single pier, and the development of the modern harbour then began. The Huer's Hut at Newquay, Cornwall served as a lookout point from which a man known as a huer could keep watch for the arrival of the pilchards. They could be discerned by the water turning
3366-513: The plan now includes more than 4,000 homes, shops, a supermarket, church and a 14-classroom primary school which opened to its first pupils in September 2019. Following the example set at Tregunnel Hill, the buildings are again of traditional designs and all street names are in Cornish. Places like Trencreek, Porth and St Columb Minor have long since become suburbs of Newquay: it had been reported that it
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#17328446576623432-401: The pronunciation [ɛʊ] . ^1 Used solely in words whose status as borrowings is in no doubt. ^2 In certain borrowed words, such as Cornish : fondacyon RMC [fɔnˈdasjɔn] , RLC [fənˈdæʃjɐn] "foundation". ^3 TC speakers realise dh as [θ] and v as [f] word-finally in an unstressed syllable. RLC speakers may not even realise these sounds at all, although this
3498-629: The short version of long o [ɔː/oː] , or [ɤ] , the short counterpart to oo [oː/uː] . When representing [ɤ] , the 2013 Review suggests o could be written as ò for clarity in "dictionaries and teaching materials". ^6 Used as a variant graph by RLC speakers in a few words where RMC and TC speakers use long a , [aː] and [æː] respectively. After the 2013 Review, used solely in Cornish : boas "be", Cornish : broas "big", Cornish : doas "come", Cornish : moas "go", and their derivatives. ^7 Used in word only when both Kernewek Kemmyn (KK) writes oe and RLC realises
3564-402: The small harbour at what was becoming known as New Quay. The proposal included a description of New Quay and Towan and the unpaved track between the settlements. It also showed some buildings including an inn, (this was rebuilt in 1859 and is now known as The Central), cottages along what would become Bank Street and other structures connected with the fishing industry, such as the cellars, where
3630-451: The sound [uː] . Therefore, oo does not always correspond to KK, e.g. SWF Cornish : loor , KK Cornish : loer "moon" both [loːr] , but SWF Cornish : hwor [ʍɔːr] , KK Cornish : hwoer [hwoːr] "sister". This is because evidence suggests the second group of words with o underwent a different phonological development to the first group with oe . ^8 Pronounced solely as [uː] in RLC. ^9 Given as [y] in
3696-561: The spaceport, named Spaceport Cornwall , took place on 9 January 2023. The initial launch of the LauncherOne rocket from the carrier aircraft, Cosmic Girl , was successful but the rocket's second stage suffered an anomaly and the vehicle and payload satellites failed to reach orbit. Before the establishment of Newquay Council, The Local Government Act 1858 granted powers to create Local Government Districts in England and Wales , and in 1868
3762-473: The time relied primarily on fishing, agriculture, and some mining activity The earliest mention of a fish market in the area dates back to 1571, found in the Arundell papers. It is believed that this market may have been located in what is now Central Square, though fish trading also likely took place directly at the quay and in nearby cellars. The public house later known as 'The Central' (rebuilt in 1859) became
3828-420: The town would later derive its modern name. However, this appeal did not succeed, and the harbour remained largely undeveloped until the early 17th century , although it is thought to have had a succession of short wooden piers since the 15th century , and possibly before that. The origins of modern Newquay can be traced back to the medieval period to a small cluster of cottages known as "Towan," located where
3894-462: The turn of the 19th century, however, it was quite inadequate to hold the summer congregation. The cramped and inconvenient site meant that no further enlargement of the chapel was possible, and it seemed inevitable that a new church would have to be built on a different site. The present church, the Newquay Parish Church of St Michael the Archangel is dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel ,
3960-523: Was a contemporary of Sir Philip Sidney and William Camden , and then at the Middle Temple . He made a translation of the first five cantos of Tasso 's Jerusalem Delivered (1594), which was more correct than that of Edward Fairfax . He also translated Juan de la Huarte 's Examen de Ingenios , basing his translation on Camillo Camilli 's Italian version. (This book is the first systematic attempt to relate physiology with psychology, though based on
4026-458: Was influenced by all the previous orthographies. The negotiating teams comprised members of all the main Cornish language groups, Kesva an Taves Kernewek , Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek , Agan Tavas , and Cussel an Tavas Kernuak , and received input from experts and academics from Europe and the United States. The agreement meant that Cornish became officially accepted and funded, with support from
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#17328446576624092-587: Was known as the Borough of Restormel , but it was then abolished as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England on 1 April 2009. Cornwall became a unitary authority and there is now a two-tier structure of local government in the county. Cornwall Council is responsible for such matters as council tax collections, schools, highways, the harbour, refuse and recycling and street cleaning. Locally, Newquay Town Council has been gradually acquiring more responsibilities from Cornwall Council , including
4158-558: Was originally designed by Ninian Comper and built in 1910–11, but the tower not completed until the 1960s. Arthur Mee , in his Cornwall volume of the King's England series, describes the perpetual light maintained in the church as a memorial to the men of Newquay who died in the First World War. The stained glass windows and rood screen are also described: the main themes are St Michael, the three other archangels, and Jesus Christ and Mary
4224-537: Was possible that by the 2030s, should present development trends continue, the south eastern edge of the town could stretch beyond the present boundary set by Nansledan and encompass Quintrell Downs , 3 miles (5 km) from the town centre. However, the Newquay Neighbourhood Development Plan, which was approved in a referendum held on 6 April 2019, said it was important to retain a 'green buffer' between Newquay and Quintrell Downs. In April 2012
4290-653: Was sometimes unofficially called Surfbury after the similar Poundbury development in Dorset. It has 174 houses of traditional designs. There is now a similar but much more substantial development in progress inland, and construction on a large site known as Nansledan ('broad valley' in Cornish) is now well under way, mainly west of the Quintrell Road. Plans were approved for the development of 800 homes at Nansledan in December 2013, but
4356-502: Was taken over by the Salvation Army in 1926. The first Anglican chapel was built in Newquay in 1858 as a chapel of ease , in a fine Cornish Perpendicular style; it was known as St Michael's due to the dedication of a side chapel. The parish itself was created in 1882 from part of St Columb Minor parish . By 1896 St Michael's Church had been twice enlarged, a north and a south aisle being added, and its capacity increased to 500. By
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