60-619: Leningradsky (masculine), Leningradskaya (feminine), or Leningradskoye (neuter) may refer to: Leningradsky District , name of several districts and city districts in Russia Leningradsky (inhabited locality) ( Leningradskaya , Leningradskoye ), name of several inhabited localities in Russia Leningradsky Avenue , a major avenue in Moscow, Russia Leningradsky Rail Terminal
120-504: A Free Economic Zone ( FEZ Yantar ). In 2005 the city celebrated its 750th anniversary. In July 2007 Russian First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov declared that if US-controlled missile defence systems were deployed in Poland, then nuclear weapons might be deployed in Kaliningrad. On 5 November 2008 Russian president Dmitry Medvedev said that installing missiles in Kaliningrad was almost
180-572: A certainty. These plans were suspended, however, in January 2009. During late 2011, a long range Voronezh radar was commissioned to monitor missile launches within about 6,000 kilometres (3,728 miles). It is situated in the settlement of Pionersky (formerly German Neukuhren ) in Kaliningrad Oblast. Kaliningrad was one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup held in Russia. Kaliningrad
240-496: A list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leningradsky_District&oldid=684292521 " Category : Set index articles on Russian districts Hidden categories: Articles containing Russian-language text Articles with short description Short description
300-658: A natural gas field in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia See also: Leningrad (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Leningradsky . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leningradsky&oldid=961032565 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
360-478: A settlement of Germans and the city became predominantly German, with Polish (up to 30% in the 17th century), Lithuanian and Latvian minorities. In 1454, the city integrated within borders of Poland for a year thanks to King Casimir IV Jagiellon as the capital of the Królewiec Voivodeship , and became a fief of Poland from 1466, also considered part of "one and indivisible" Kingdom of Poland. After
420-461: Is also Interpersonal Communications Development Central located in the park. The Kaliningrad Zoo was opened as the Königsberg Zoo in 1896. The collection, which extends over 16.5 ha (40 acres), comprises 315 species with a total of 2,264 individual animals (as of 2005 ). The Kaliningrad Zoo is also an arboretum . Centrally located in the city is Lower Pond , an artificial lake. Lower Pond
480-460: Is also home to small communities of Tatars , Germans , Armenians , Poles , and Lithuanians . Ethnic composition, Russian 2010 census : The pre-war city center (Altstadt and Kneiphof) consists of parks, broad avenues, a square on the site of the former Königsberg Castle , and the restored Königsberg Cathedral on the Kneiphof island (now "Kant island"). Immanuel Kant's grave is situated next to
540-567: Is at first warm and usually sunny, turning cold, damp and foggy in November. Winter includes periods of snow. January and February are the coldest months with the temperature sometimes dropping as low as −15 °C (5 °F). The original German population fled or was expelled after the end of World War II , when the territory was annexed by the Soviet Union, and in the following few years. In October 1945, only about 5,000 Soviet civilians lived in
600-656: Is at the mouth of the navigable Pregolya River , which empties into the Vistula Lagoon , an inlet of the Baltic Sea . Sea vessels can access Gdańsk Bay and the Baltic Sea by way of the Vistula Lagoon and the Strait of Baltiysk . Until around 1900, ships drawing more than 2 meters (6 ft 7 in) of water could not pass the bar and use the city's docks; larger vessels had to anchor at Pillau (now Baltiysk ), where cargo
660-739: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Leningradsky District Leningradsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia . Districts of the federal subjects [ edit ] [REDACTED] Location of Krasnodar Krai in Russia Leningradsky District, Krasnodar Krai , an administrative and municipal district of Krasnodar Krai City divisions [ edit ] Leningradsky Administrative District, Kaliningrad , an administrative district of
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#1732851223742720-456: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Kaliningrad Kaliningrad , known as Königsberg until 1946, is the largest city and administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast , a Russian exclave between Lithuania and Poland . The city sits about 663 kilometres (412 mi) west of the bulk of Russia . The city is situated on the Pregolya River , at the head of
780-528: Is initially cold and windy, later becoming pleasantly warm and often very sunny. Summer, which begins in June, is predominantly warm but hot at times (with temperatures reaching as high as +30–+35 °C (86–95 °F) at least once per year) with plenty of sunshine interspersed with heavy showers. The average annual hours of sunshine for Kaliningrad is 1,700, similar to other northern cities. Autumn comes in September and
840-621: Is located on that square. The oldest building in Kaliningrad is the Juditten Church (built before 1288). Also worth seeing are the former Stock Exchange , the surviving churches, and the remaining city gates. In counter-clockwise order these gates are: the Sackheim Gate , King's Gate , Rossgarten Gate , Attack Gate ( German : Ausfallstor , or Sally Port), Railway Gate ( Eisenbahntor ), Brandenburg Gate , and Friedland Gate ( Friedländer Tor (Kaliningrad) [ de ] ). Apart from
900-761: The European Union in 2004 . All military and civilian land links between the region and the rest of Russia have to pass through members of NATO and the EU. Special travel arrangements for the territory's inhabitants have been made through the Facilitated Transit Document (FTD) and Facilitated Rail Transit Document (FRTD) . While in the 1990s some Soviet-era city names commemorating communist leaders were changed (e.g., Leningrad reverting to Saint Petersburg and Kalinin, also named after Mikhail Kalinin , reverting to Tver ), Kaliningrad remains named as it was, though
960-712: The German city of Königsberg from 1657 to 1945; and the Russian city of Kaliningrad from 1945 to present. Königsberg was preceded by a Sambian ( Old Prussian tribe) fort called Twangste (Prussian word tvinksta means a pond made by a dam). During the conquest of the Sambians by the Teutonic Knights in 1255, Twangste was destroyed and replaced by a new fortress named Königsberg in honor of Bohemian king Ottokar II . The declining Old Prussian culture finally became extinct around
1020-461: The Lithuanian SSR because the resolution from the conference specifies that Kaliningrad's border would be at the (pre-war) Lithuanian frontier. The remaining German population was forcibly expelled between 1947 and 1948. The annexed territory was populated with Soviet citizens , mostly ethnic Russians but to a lesser extent also Ukrainians and Belarusians. The German language was replaced with
1080-650: The Soviet Union ) 1945–1991 [REDACTED] Russian Federation 1991–present Under the Potsdam Agreement of 1 August 1945, the city became part of the Soviet Union pending the final determination of territorial borders. This final determination eventually took place on 12 September 1990 when the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany was signed. The excerpt from the initial agreement pertaining to
1140-676: The University of Königsberg , the second-oldest university of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . In 1618 the Duchy of Prussia fell under the control of the Electors of Brandenburg and in 1657 it became controlled in personal union with Brandenburg (sometimes referred to as Brandenberg-Prussia). The city had strong ties with Poland, and Polish authorities several times confirmed and extended its rights in support against absolutist ambitions of
1200-603: The Vistula Lagoon on the Baltic Sea , and is the only ice-free Russian port on the Baltic Sea. Its population in 2020 was 489,359. Kaliningrad is the second-largest city in the Northwestern Federal District , after Saint Petersburg , the third-largest city in the Baltic region , and the seventh-largest city on the Baltic Sea. Modern-day Kaliningrad was renamed, rebuilt and repopulated by Russians starting in 1946 in
1260-665: The secularization of the Teutonic Order in 1525, Königsberg became the capital of the Duchy of Prussia , remaining under Polish suzerainty, and the black Prussian eagle had a crown around its neck bearing the letter "S" from the Latinized name of Polish King Sigismund I the Old . The multi-ethnic city was an important center of Polish and Lithuanian culture, especially as one of the pioneering centers of Polish and Lithuanian printing, and also thanks to
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#17328512237421320-582: The Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kaliningrad Oblast , as amended by the Law ;#450 of July 3, 2015 On Amending the Law of Kaliningrad Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kaliningrad Oblast" . Effective as of the day of the official publication.). [REDACTED] Index of articles associated with the same name This set index article includes
1380-675: The Baltic states from the West. Others think that the reason was that the region was far too strategic for the USSR to leave it in the hands of another SSR other than the Russian one. In the 1950s, Nikita Khrushchev offered the entire Kaliningrad Oblast to the Lithuanian SSR but Antanas Sniečkus refused to accept the territory because it would add at least a million ethnic Russians to Lithuania proper. In 2010,
1440-641: The Dohna Tower, which houses the Amber Museum, the Wrangel Tower also remains as a reminder of the former Königsberg city walls. Only the gate of the former Fort Friedrichsburg remains. Notable monuments include the statue of Immanuel Kant in front of the Immanuel Kant State University of Russia . The statue was made by notable sculptor Christian Daniel Rauch and unveiled in 1864. The statue
1500-774: The East and West, particularly Poland and the Netherlands. From 1701, Brandenberg-Prussia became a Kingdom and the entire area was referred to as the Kingdom of Prussia . While the Brandenberg portion was a part of the Holy Roman Empire and later the German Confederation , Prussia (later called East Prussia) was not included within those territorial boundaries. In 1734–1736, during the War of
1560-745: The Establishment of the Borders of the Municipal Formation of Leningradsky District, on Granting It the Status of a Municipal District, on the Establishment of the Municipal Formations—Rural Settlements—Within Its Structure and on the Establishment of Their Borders , as amended by the Law #2053-KZ of July 28, 2010 On Amending Several Legislative Acts of Krasnodar Krai . Effective as of the day of
1620-503: The German magazine Der Spiegel published a report claiming that Kaliningrad had been offered to Germany in 1990 (against payment). The offer was not seriously considered by the West German government which, at the time, saw reunification with East Germany as a higher priority. However, this story was later denied by Mikhail Gorbachev . The town of Baltiysk , just outside Kaliningrad, is
1680-588: The Kreuzkirche building was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. For foreigners, the city was completely closed and, with the exception of rare visits of friendship from neighboring Poland, it was practically not visited by foreigners. The old city was not restored, and the ruins of the Königsberg Castle were demolished in the late 1960s, on Leonid Brezhnev 's personal orders, despite
1740-623: The Polish Succession , it was the place of stay of Polish King Stanisław Leszczyński and many of his prominent supporters. In the context of the Seven Years' War , the city was conquered and occupied by the Russian Empire (1758–1762), whose initial plan was to offer the city and region to Poland as part of a territorial exchange desired by Russia. Immanuel Kant is famous for having sworn allegiance to Empress Elizabeth of Russia . In
1800-526: The Prussian dukes, and after 1657 the city actively opposed secession from Poland. The city acted as an intermediary in maritime trade between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Netherlands , England and France , with the 17th-century stock exchange including a painting depicting a townswoman buying goods from a Pole and a Dutchman, embracing the notion that the city's prosperity was based on trade with
1860-1131: The Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 03 232 , as amended by the Amendment ;#278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ). ^ Законодательное Собрание Краснодарского края. Закон №696-КЗ от 5 мая 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципального образования Ленинградский район, наделении его статусом муниципального района, образовании в его составе муниципальных образований — сельских поселений — и установлении их границ», в ред. Закона №2053-КЗ от 28 июля 2010 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Краснодарского края». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", №80–81, 18 мая 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai. Law #696-KZ of May 5, 2004 On
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1920-506: The Russian language. In 1950, there were 1,165,000 inhabitants, which was only half the number of the pre-war population. From 1953 to 1962, a monument to Stalin stood on Victory Square. In 1973, the town hall was turned into the House of Soviets. In 1975, the trolleybus was launched again. In 1980, a concert hall was opened in the building of the former Lutheran Church of the Holy Family. In 1986,
1980-738: The Soviet Union of the city of Koenigsberg and the area adjacent to it as described above, subject to expert examination of the actual frontier. The President of the United States and the British Prime Minister supported the proposal of the Conference at the forthcoming peace settlement. Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 after the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of
2040-514: The USSR Mikhail Kalinin , although Kalinin was unrelated to the city, and there were already cities named in honour of Kalinin in the Soviet Union, namely Kalinin (now Tver) and Kaliningrad (now Korolev, Moscow Oblast ). Kalinin was one of six Politburo members who signed the order to execute more than 21,000 Polish prisoners of war at Katyn and elsewhere in 1940. Some historians speculate that it may have originally been offered to
2100-620: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which is adjacent to the Baltic Sea should pass from a point on the eastern shore of the Bay of Danzig to the east, north of Braunsberg – Goldep , to the meeting point of the frontiers of Lithuania , the Polish Republic and East Prussia . The Conference has agreed in principle to the proposal of the Soviet Government concerning the ultimate transfer to
2160-545: The capital of the State of the Teutonic Order , the Duchy of Prussia (1525–1701) and East Prussia . Königsberg remained the coronation city of the Prussian monarchy, though the capital was moved to Berlin in 1701. From 1454 to 1455, the city under the name of Królewiec belonged to the Kingdom of Poland , and from 1466 to 1657 it was a Polish fief . Königsberg was the easternmost large city in Germany until World War II . The city
2220-531: The cathedral. The never-finished House of Soviets ("Dom Sovyetov") sat roughly on the site of the former castle before its demolition in 2023-24. Many German-era buildings in the historic city centre have been preserved and even rebuilt, including the reconstruction of the Königsberg Synagogue . The new city centre is concentrated around Victory Square . The Cathedral of Christ the Savior , consecrated in 2005,
2280-414: The city is named, the statue for Tsar Peter the Great , Vladimir Vysotsky , the "Mother Russia" monument, and the Monument for the 1200 Guardsmen, remembering the Battle of Königsberg . Kaliningrad is a "green" city with many parks and areas with many trees and lawns. Parks range from tiny city squares to massive parks. The Youth Recreation Park is one of the most popular parks in the city. The park
2340-414: The city is sometimes colloquially referred to as König or Kyonig ( Russian : Кёниг ). The question of the name of the city has been raised multiple times; in 2009, the head of the city administration, Felix Lapin, said he personally supported the return of the historical name of the city, and in 2011, the governor of Kaliningrad Oblast, Nikolay Tsukanov , suggested a referendum could be held to resolve
2400-662: The city of Kaliningrad , the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Kaliningrad class=notpageimage| Location of Kaliningrad in Russia See also [ edit ] Leningradsky (disambiguation) References [ edit ] ^ Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. « Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 03 232 », в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of
2460-425: The city, were born before this time. The first civil airport in Germany (Devau near Königsberg) opened 1919. In that time a new central railway station and modern buildings for the harbour and trade fair were built. In World War II , the city's Polish and Jewish populations were persecuted by Nazi Germany with mass arrests and deportations to concentration camps , and Poles and Jews were among forced labourers in
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2520-1052: The city. The city was heavily damaged by a British bombing attack in 1944 and the massive Soviet siege in spring 1945 . At the end of World War II in 1945, the city became part of the Russian SFSR (as part of the Soviet Union ). Old Prussians (until 1255) [REDACTED] Teutonic Order 1255–1454 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Poland 1454–1455 [REDACTED] Teutonic Order 1455–1466 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Poland / [REDACTED] Teutonic Order (fief of Poland ) 1466–1525 [REDACTED] Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth / [REDACTED] Duchy of Prussia (fief of Poland ) 1525–1656 [REDACTED] Sweden 1656–1657 [REDACTED] Duchy of Prussia 1657–1701 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Prussia 1701–1758 [REDACTED] Russian Empire 1758–1762 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Prussia 1762–1918 [REDACTED] German Empire 1871–1918 [REDACTED] Weimar Germany 1918–1933 [REDACTED] Nazi Germany 1933–1945 [REDACTED] Russian SFSR (as part of
2580-409: The early 18th century with the Great Plague, and the surviving Old Prussians were integrated through assimilation. The settlement on the site of present-day Kaliningrad was founded as a military fortress in 1255 after the Prussian Crusade by the Teutonic Knights against Baltic Prussians . The new settlement was named in honor of the Bohemian (Czech) King Ottokar II . The crusade was followed by
2640-437: The ensuing two centuries the city, first as part of the Kingdom of Prussia, then from 1866 as part of the North German Confederation , and then from 1871 as part of the German Empire , continued to flourish and many iconic landmarks of Königsberg were built. The city had around 370,000 inhabitants and was a cultural and administrative center of Prussia and the German Empire. Immanuel Kant and E. T. A. Hoffmann , notable sons of
2700-567: The isotherm chosen for class D climates), with cold and cloudy (though moderate compared to most of Russia) winters and mild summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms. Average temperatures range from −1.5 to +18.1 °C (29.3 to 64.6 °F) and rainfall varies from 36.0 millimeters (1.42 in)/month to 97.0 millimeters (3.82 in)/month. In general, it has maritime influences and therefore damp, variable and mild, with vast temperature differences between July and January. The seasons are clearly differentiated. Spring starts in March and
2760-421: The issue, but stated that he was against renaming. No further plans have been announced since, and in 2022 the government officially confirmed that renaming the city would be "inappropriate". Some of the cultural heritage, most notably the Königsberg Cathedral , was restored in the 1990s, as citizens started to examine the previously ignored German past. Since the early 1990s, the Kaliningrad oblast has been
2820-632: The official publication.). ^ Калининградская областная Дума. Закон №463 от 27 мая 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Калининградской области», в ред. Закона №450 от 3 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Калининградской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Калининградской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Калининградская правда" (вкладыш "Ведомости Правительства Калининградской области"), №112, 26 июня 2010 г. (Kaliningrad Oblast Duma. Law #463 of May 27, 2010 On
2880-490: The oldest principal railway station in Moscow, Russia Leningrad Oblast ( Leningradskaya oblast ), a federal subject of Russia Hilton Moscow Leningradskaya Hotel , a hotel in Moscow, Russia Leningradskaya Station , a Soviet Antarctic research station Leningradskaya railway station, former name of Streshnevo railway station in Moscow, Russia Leningradskoye Highway , a part of M10 federal Moscow St. Petersburg highway, Russia Leningradskoye gas field ,
2940-516: The only Russian Baltic Sea port said to be "ice-free" all year round, and the region hence plays an important role in maintenance of the Baltic Fleet . Kaliningrad Oblast was an exclave of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 it became separated from the rest of Russia by independent countries. This isolation from the rest of Russia became even more pronounced politically when Poland and Lithuania became members of NATO and subsequently
3000-399: The partition of East Prussia, including the area surrounding Königsberg, is as follows (note that Königsberg is spelt "Koenigsberg" in the original document): VI. CITY OF KOENIGSBERG AND THE ADJACENT AREA The Conference examined a proposal by the Soviet Government that pending the final determination of territorial questions at the peace settlement, the section of the western frontier of
3060-464: The protests of architects, historians and residents of the city. The reconstruction of the oblast, threatened by hunger in the immediate post-war years, was carried out through an ambitious policy of oceanic fishing with the creation of one of the main fishing harbours of the USSR in Kaliningrad city. Fishing not only fed the regional economy but also was a basis for social and scientific development, in particular oceanography. In 1957, an agreement
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#17328512237423120-449: The ruins of Königsberg, in which only Lithuanian inhabitants were allowed to remain. Meanwhile, the German population was ethnically cleansed , in effect creating a new city. Königsberg itself had been founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement Twangste by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades , and named Königsberg in honor of King Ottokar II of Bohemia . A Baltic port city, it successively became
3180-435: The territory. Between October 1947 and October 1948 approximately 100,000 Germans were forcibly moved to Germany, and by 1948 about 400,000 Soviet civilians had arrived in the Oblast. Today the overwhelming majority of Kaliningrad's residents are Russians settled after 1945, and their descendants. A minority of the population are from other Slavic ethnic groups, including Belarusians and Ukrainians . Kaliningrad today
3240-422: The westernmost oblast of Russia . As a major transport hub, with sea and river ports, the city is home to the headquarters of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy , and is one of the largest industrial centres in Russia. It was deemed the best city in Russia in 2012, 2013, and 2014 in Kommersant 's magazine The Firm's Secret , the best city in Russia for business in 2013 according to Forbes , and
3300-457: Was destroyed in 1945, but was remoulded in 1992 on the initiative of Marion Dönhoff , a native East Prussian who became prominent in the West. Also worth seeing is the Cosmonaut monument, which honours the Kaliningrad cosmonauts Alexey Leonov , Yuri Romanenko and Aleksandr Viktorenko . Other statues and monuments include the statue for Duke Albert, the statue for Friedrich Schiller , the statue for communist functionary Mikhail Kalinin for whom
3360-484: Was established in the 1920s–1930s in the English style. It reopened its doors post-war and was popular among citizens in the 1980s–1990s with its boat house and tennis courts, as well as merry-go-rounds. The park had a massive reconstruction in 2004 adding a cafe, carting, and various modern entertainments. It is located in the quiet area of the city, in Leningradsky area, and is connected to the Lower Pond. Youth Recreation Park provides entertainment for all age groups. There
3420-451: Was heavily damaged by Allied bombing in 1944 and during the Battle of Königsberg in 1945; it was then captured by the Soviet Union on 9 April 1945. The Potsdam Agreement of 1945 placed it under Soviet administration. The city was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 in honor of Russian Bolshevik leader Mikhail Kalinin . Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union , it has been governed as the administrative centre of Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast,
3480-464: Was ranked fifth in the Urban Environment Quality Index published by Minstroy in 2019. Kaliningrad has been a major internal migration attraction in Russia over the past two decades, and was one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The history of the city may be divided into four periods: the Old Prussian settlement known as Twangste before 1255; the Polish city of Królewiec from 1454 to 1455 and then fief of Poland from 1456 to 1657;
3540-421: Was signed and later came into force which delimited the border between the Polish People's Republic (a Soviet satellite state at the time) and the Soviet Union. The region was added as a semi-exclave to the Russian SFSR; since 1946 it has been known as the Kaliningrad Oblast. According to some historians, Joseph Stalin created it as an oblast separate from the Lithuanian SSR because it further separated
3600-430: Was transferred to smaller vessels. In 1901, a ship canal between Königsberg and Pillau, completed at a cost of 13 million German marks, enabled vessels of a 6.5 m (21 ft 4 in) draught to moor alongside the town (see also Ports of the Baltic Sea ). Kaliningrad has an oceanic climate ( Cfb , depending on the isotherm chosen for class C climates) or a humid continental climate ( Dfb , depending on
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