A voivodeship ( / ˈ v ɔɪ v oʊ d ʃ ɪ p / VOY -vohd-ship ) or voivodate is the area administered by a voivode (governor) in several countries of central and eastern Europe. Voivodeships have existed since medieval times and the area of extent of voivodeship resembles that of a duchy in western medieval states, much as the title of voivode was equivalent to that of a duke . Other roughly equivalent titles and areas in medieval Eastern Europe included ban (bojan, vojin or bayan) and banate .
14-645: The Królewiec Voivodeship was a short-lived voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland , with capital in the city of Królewiec (now Kaliningrad , Russia ), that existed during the Thirteen Years' War . It was established by king Casimir IV Jagiellon in April 1454, following the incorporation of the city and the surrounding area into Poland, from the territory of the State of
28-842: The Lithuanian : vaivadija . Some of these words, or variants of them, may also be used in English. Named for the word for "voivodeship" is the autonomous Serbian province of Vojvodina . Though the word "voivodeship" (other spellings are "voievodship" and "voivodship") appears in English dictionaries such as the OED and Webster's , it is not in common general usage, and voivodeships in Poland and elsewhere are frequently referred to as " provinces ". Depending on context, historic voivodeships may also be referred to as "duchies", "palatinates" (the Latin word " palatinatus "
42-594: The Voivodeship of Salan (9th–10th centuries), Voivodeship of Sermon (11th century), and Voivodeship of Syrmia of Radoslav Čelnik (1527–1530). A voivodeship called Serbian Vojvodina was established in 1848–1849; this was transformed into the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat , a land within the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1849 to 1860. This is the origin of the name of the present-day Serbian autonomous province of Vojvodina . For more information about
56-514: The Ottoman army passed through Srem, Radoslav Čelnik crossed into Habsburg territory, and then returned when they had left. In 1530 he denounced the Ottoman vassalage and officially became a Habsburg nobleman, entitled the rule of Syrmia. In 1532, the Ottomans conquered Syrmia. With the Ottoman conquest of Syrmia in 1532, Radoslav retreated to Slavonia , and later lived in his town called Nebojc . It
70-582: The Teutonic Order . Following the capitulation of Polish forces in the battle of Kneiphof , on 14 February 1455, the voivodeship fall under the control of the Teutonic forces. The voivodeship formally ceased to exists following the signing of the Second Peace of Thorn , on 19 October 1466, which affirmed its area under the ownership of the State of the Teutonic Order , as a part and fief of Poland. The region
84-552: The destroyed and dispersed army from Bačka to Syrmia , and acceded into Ottoman service . Radoslav then ruled over Syrmia as an Ottoman vassal and styled himself as the "Duke of Syrmia (Srem)", while his residence was in Slankamen ( sr ). At the same, he also secretly kept relations with the Habsburgs , which the Ottomans soon understood. Ferdinand had much hope in Radoslav. When
98-653: The divisions of Polish lands in particular periods, see Administrative divisions of Poland ("Historical") . Voivodeships in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795): Voivodeships in Congress Poland 1816–37. Voivodeships of Poland, 1921–1939: Voivodeships of Poland, 1945–1975: Voivodeships of Poland, 1975–1998: Radoslav %C4%8Celnik Radoslav Čelnik ( Serbian Cyrillic : Радослав Челник , Hungarian : Cselnik Radoszláv ; fl. 1526–1532), known as Vojvoda Rajko ( војвода Рајко ),
112-407: The new voivode after 1455. Voivodeship In a modern context, the word normally refers to one of the provinces ( województwa ) of Poland. As of 2024 , Poland has 16 voivodeships. A voi(e)vod(e) (literally, "leader of warriors" or "war leader", equivalent to the Latin " Dux Exercituum ") was originally a military commander who stood, in a state's structure, next to the ruler. Later
126-671: The region was conquered by the Ottomans. His residence and capital was in Slankamen ( sr ). Radoslav hailed from Orahovica . He was one of the generals of Jovan Nenad, the titular Serbian Emperor who occupied a province of the former Kingdom of Hungary which had been conquered by the Ottomans in 1526, in present-day Vojvodina . Jovan Nenad had defeated the Ottomans in Syrmia and the neighbouring regions, and had supported Ferdinand after John Zapolya refused to acknowledge his rule over Bačka, Banat and Syrmia. After defeating Zapolya's army he had himself proclaimed "Serbian Emperor". Jovan Nenad's army
140-766: The word came to denote an administrative official. Words for "voivodeship" in various languages include the Ukrainian : воєводство ; the Polish : województwo ; the Romanian : voievodat ; the Bulgarian : voivoda (войвода); the Serbian : vojvodina (војводина), vojvodstvo (војводство) or vojvodovina (војводовина); the Hungarian : vajdaság ; the Belarusian : ваяводства ( vajаvodstva );
154-403: Was a Serb general ( vojvoda ) in the army of Jovan Nenad , the titular Serbian Emperor who held present-day Vojvodina , who after the death of Jovan Nenad (1527) took part of the army from Bačka to Syrmia and acceded into Ottoman service . Radoslav then ruled over Syrmia as "Duke of Syrmia (Srem)", initially as an Ottoman vassal (1527–1530) and then as a Habsburg vassal (1530–1532), until
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#1732851886685168-408: Was governed by the voivode . The only voivode of the voivodeship Ścibor Bażyński , who was in the office from April 1454 to 1455. The last mention of Ścibor, that refers to him as the voivode of Królewiec, comes from 12 April 1455. Due to the ongoing fighting in the region during the Thirteen Years' War , and later its occupation, the voivodeship did not have an organized administration, nor appointed
182-568: Was then led by the chief general, Radoslav. In 1526, Radoslav held a province under Jovan Nenad, which included a town known as Belzond , near Sonta . By the beginning of 1527 the army had ca. 15,000 soldiers. In 1527, he is mentioned alongside Emperor Jovan in Subotica as his "personal and general captain". After the murder of Jovan Nenad (1527) and fall of the territory, Radoslav had an army of 2,000 in Upper Podunavlje . He had taken part of
196-475: Was used for a voivodeship in Poland), "administrative districts" or "regions". In the territory of modern Romania and Moldova , the regions of Wallachia , Moldavia and Transylvania were formerly voivodeships. The region of Maramureș , now split between Romania and Ukraine , also used to be its own voivodeship, the Voivodeship of Maramureș . Historical voivodeships in the territory of modern Serbia include
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