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21-646: The stanitsa of Labinskaya was founded in autumn of 1841. It was named after the Bolshaya Laba River on which it stands. Its history is closely connected with the history of the Caucasian War and establishment of a special strategic defense line on the Bolshaya Laba River. The stanitsa was originally one of the fortresses that were founded along the southern border of the Russian Empire neighboring

42-578: A Cossack host , a type of Cossack polity that existed in the Russian Empire . The Russian word is the diminutive of the word stan ( стан ), which means "station" or "police district". It is distantly related to the Sanskrit word sthāna ( स्थान ), which means "station", "locality", or "district". The stanitsa was a unit of economic and political organisation of the Cossack peoples who lived in

63-455: A cheese and whey processing plant was delivered by a Finnish consortium Valio-Hankkija-YIT. There is Laba health resort on the territory of Labinsk town that boasts its healing medicinal waters. The composition of the water in Labinsk is reported to resemble the composition of Baden-Baden mineral waters. The most popular routes take the tourists along the local sites, waterfalls, caves including

84-586: Is incorporated separately as the Town of Labinsk —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the Town of Labinsk is incorporated within Labinsky Municipal District as Labinskoye Urban Settlement . Cereal crops and potatoes are cultivated in the region. Melon-growing is widespread. Dairy cattle and pig breeding are a part of local agriculture. In 1985–1989,

105-642: The Kuban Cossacks and were common in Kuban Oblast with different variations. There were various types of otaman: Otamans were also in charge of general- and regimental-size artillery units, as well as any volunteer military formations and the Zholdak cavalry. Atamans were the titles of supreme leaders of various Cossack armies during the Russian Civil War . When Ukraine acquired its independence in 1918,

126-510: The Red Army 's Southern Front issued an order renaming the stanitsas to generic volosts , or counties. Local revolutionary committees assisted in this, passing resolutions in parallel to destroy the stanitsa as a social unit. The Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine lists the specific end date of the existence of the traditional stanitsa as 1920. Later in the Soviet Union, the term stanitsa

147-511: The Russian Empire . Each stanitsa contained several villages and khutirs . An assembly of landowners governed each stanitsa community. This assembly distributed land, oversaw institutions like schools, and elected a stanitsa administration and court. The stanitsa administration consisted of an Ataman , a collection of legislators, and a treasurer . The stanitsa court made judgements regarding "petty criminal and civil suits". All inhabitants, except for non-Cossacks, were considered members of

168-641: The 1917 October Revolution in Russia, a new Soviet regime took power. Beginning in 1919, the Soviet regime pursued a policy of genocide and systematic repression against Cossacks known as De-Cossackization . The policy aimed at the elimination of the Cossacks as a distinct collectivity by exterminating the Cossack elite, coercing all other Cossacks into compliance and eliminating Cossack distinctness. As part of this policy,

189-521: The Caucasus mountains and were protected by the Don Cossacks who eventually became the first settlers of Labinskaya. Later, many peasants belonging to the Cossack social class, both Russians and Ukrainians, moved to Labinskaya from the inner territories of Russia. With a population over 30,000 people, Labinskaya soon became a big trade center among the neighboring stanitsas owing to its favorable location in

210-661: The Host Council or could have been appointed, especially during the military campaigns. The appointed otamans were called acting otaman ( наказний отаман , nakaznyi otaman ). In the Cossack Hetmanate , leaders of non-Cossack military units ( artillery , etc.) were also called otamans . In the Cossack Hetmanate, the title was used for the administrative purposes, such as the head of the city, City Otaman (городовий отаман). Later such administrative uses were adopted by

231-570: The Soviet forces sought to erase Cossack administrative structures, especially of the Don Cossacks. The purpose of this was to "deny Cossacks any Don structure as a point of identification and to 'dilute' the Cossack population by appending portions of neighboring non-Cossack provinces". This included distinctly Cossack names for administrative units, as the Cossacks were fond of these names "as markers of their distinctiveness from peasants." The Soviets sought to erase these identities. On 20 April 1919,

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252-710: The rank took on different value. Among the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen and the Ukrainian Galician Army , it was equivalent to a major, as is the battalion executive officer today. In the Ukrainian People's Republic , the title was of a general rank. Chief Otoman (головний отаман) was the general of the Ukrainian Army who was assisted by his deputies, Acting Otomans. The head of the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic , in particular, Symon Petliura ,

273-575: The river valley. In 1913, a railway station was built in Labinskaya that integrated it in the railway system of the Russian Empire. From August 1942 to January 1943, Labinskaya was occupied by the Germans . The residents were resisting the enemy—Labinsk Fighter Squadron was established in the stanitsa with Ivan Konstantinov appointed as the Commander-in-Chief. After the war, one of the central streets

294-412: The stanitsa. Non-Cossacks were required to pay a fee to use the local land owned by the stanitsa. The stanitsa was first an administrative unit in the 18th century. In the late 18th century, when the Cossack peoples largely lost their autonomy within the empire, they still kept self-governance at the level of the stanitsa; each stanitsa was still allowed to elect its own assembly. In the aftermath of

315-531: The trips to Lago-Naki plateau, Azishsky cave as well as Round and Black Lakes in the village of Gornoye. Stanitsa A stanitsa or stanitza ( / s t ə ˈ n iː t s ə / ; Russian : станица [stɐˈnʲitsə] ), also spelled stanycia ( станиця [stɐˈnitsʲɐ] in Ukrainian ) or stanica ( станіца [stɐˈɲitsɐ] in Belarusian ), was a historical administrative unit of

336-596: The word might be of Turkic origin, literally meaning 'father of horsemen' or 'father of men', 'pure blooded father' or 'eldest man'. Considering the '-man' suffix in turkic languages means men, person, pure blooded or most. Dictionaries assert that the word comes from the German word ' Hauptmann' which means 'head man', 'headman' or 'chieftain' which entered the Russian language through Polish ' hetman '. See also Hetman § Etymology . Otamans were usually elected by

357-461: The words, all referring to the same concept. The hetman form cognates with German Hauptmann ('captain', literally 'head-man') by the way of Czech or Polish , like several other titles. The Russian term ataman is probably connected to Old East Slavic vatamanŭ, and cognates with Turkic odoman ( Ottoman Turks ). The term ataman may had also a lingual interaction with Polish hetman and German hauptmann . Suggestions have been made that

378-524: Was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. In the Russian Empire , the term was the official title of the supreme military commanders of the Cossack armies. The Ukrainian version of the same word is hetman . Otaman in Ukrainian Cossack forces was a position of a lower rank. The etymologies of the words ataman and hetman are disputed. There may be several independent Germanic and Turkic origins for seemingly cognate forms of

399-516: Was named after him. On January 25, 1943, Labinskaya was liberated from the Nazi occupation. In the post-war years, Labinskaya was quickly rebuilt and renovated. In 1947, the stanitsa was granted town status and renamed Labinsk. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Labinsk serves as the administrative center of Labinsky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, together with two rural localities , it

420-519: Was reorganized into the town Sunzha . The town Stanytsia Luhanska in Ukraine , originally founded by Cossacks, still has stanytsia in its name. This Russian history –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Ukrainian history –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ataman Ataman (variants: otaman , wataman , vataman ; Russian : атаман ; Ukrainian : отаман )

441-577: Was used after 1929 to refer to rural settlements on former Cossack land that were governed by soviet councils . In modern Russia , the administration classifies a stanitsa as a type of rural locality in these federal subjects of Russia : The most populous stanitsa in modern Russia is Kanevskaya in Krasnodar Krai (44,800 people in 2005). Formerly, the most populous stanitsa was Ordzhonikidzevskaya in Ingushetia (61,598 people in 2010), but in 2016 it

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